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Transcriptomic Profiling Revealed Signaling Pathways Associated with the Spawning of Female Zebrafish under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147494. [PMID: 35886843 PMCID: PMC9320639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the critical abiotic factors, temperature controls fish development and reproduction. However, the effects of low temperature on the transcriptional regulation of zebrafish reproduction remain largely unclear. In this study, the fecundity of zebrafish was examined after exposure to cold temperatures at 19.5 °C, 19 °C, 18.5 °C, or 18 °C. The temperature at 19 °C showed no significant influence on the fecundity of zebrafish, but temperature at 18.5 °C or 18 °C significantly blocked the spawning of females, suggesting the existence of a low temperature critical point for the spawning of zebrafish females. Based on these observations, the brains of anesthetized fish under cold stress at different cold temperatures were collected for high-throughput RNA-seq assays. Key genes, hub pathways and important biological processes responding to cold temperatures during the spawning of zebrafish were identified through bioinformatic analysis. The number of down-regulated and up-regulated genes during the temperature reduction from egg-spawning temperatures at 19.5 °C and 19 °C to non-spawning temperatures at 18.5 °C and 18 °C were 2588 and 2527 (fold change ≥ 1.5 and p-value ≤ 0.01), respectively. Venn analysis was performed to identify up- and down-regulated key genes. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the hub pathways overrepresented among down-regulated key genes included the GnRH signaling pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling system and insulin signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis of down-regulated key genes revealed the most important biological processes inhibited under non-spawning temperatures at 18.5 °C and 18 °C were photoreceptor cell outer segment organization, circadian regulation of gene expression and photoreceptor cell maintenance. Furthermore, 99 hormone-related genes were found in the brain tissues of non-spawning and spawning groups, and GnRH signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway were enriched from down-regulated genes related to hormones at 18.5 °C and 18 °C. Thus, these findings uncovered crucial hormone-related genes and signaling pathways controlling the spawning of female zebrafish under cold stress.
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Design and synthesis of polyacrylic acid/deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan copolymer and a close inspection of human growth hormone-copolymer interactions: An experimental and computational study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111956. [PMID: 34218011 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts to achieve a long-acting formulation for human growth hormone (hGH), daily injections are still prescribed for children with growth hormone deficiency. To grapple with the issue, acquiring a deep knowledge of the protein and understanding its interaction mechanism with the carrier can be beneficial. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel chitosan-based copolymer and investigated its interaction with hGH using a combination of experimental and computational strategies. To construct the amphiphilic triblock copolymers (CDP), we grafted deoxycholic acid (DCA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) onto the chitosan chains, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the proper formation of CDP. Circular dichroism (CD) demonstrated the preservation of the secondary structure of hGH interacting with CDP, and, further, fluorescence spectroscopy proved the stability of the tertiary structure of the protein. Applying molecular dynamics simulation (MD), we examined the dynamics and integrity of hGH in the presence of the copolymer and compared its behavior with the protein in aquatic environments. Additionally, energy and contact analysis illustrated that the residues involved in the interaction were located predominantly in the connecting loops, and van der Waals (vdW) and electrostatic interactions were the main driving forces of the polymer-protein complex formation. This research's main aim was to trace the protein-polymer interaction's mechanism. We anticipate that the utility of the copolymer can address the challenges of fabricating a new sustained-release delivery platform for therapeutic proteins.
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The Role of GH/IGF Axis in Dento-Alveolar Complex from Development to Aging and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051181. [PMID: 34066078 PMCID: PMC8150312 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The GH/IGF axis is a major regulator of bone formation and resorption and is essential to the achievement of normal skeleton growth and homeostasis. Beyond its key role in bone physiology, the GH/IGF axis has also major pleiotropic endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects on mineralized tissues throughout life. This article aims to review the literature on GH, IGFs, IGF binding proteins, and their respective receptors in dental tissues, both epithelium (enamel) and mesenchyme (dentin, pulp, and tooth-supporting periodontium). The present review re-examines and refines the expression of the elements of the GH/IGF axis in oral tissues and their in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action in different mineralizing cell types of the dento-alveolar complex including ameloblasts, odontoblasts, pulp cells, cementoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and jaw osteoblasts focusing on cell-specific activities. Together, these data emphasize the determinant role of the GH/IGF axis in physiological and pathological development, morphometry, and aging of the teeth, the periodontium, and oral bones in humans, rodents, and other vertebrates. These advancements in oral biology have elicited an enormous interest among investigators to translate the fundamental discoveries on the GH/IGF axis into innovative strategies for targeted oral tissue therapies with local treatments, associated or not with materials, for orthodontics and the repair and regeneration of the dento-alveolar complex and oral bones.
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Chaves LH, Giovanini AF, Zielak JC, Scariot R, Gonzaga CC, Storrer CLM, Khajotia SS, Esteban Florez FL, Deliberador TM. Growth hormone effects on healing efficacy, bone resorption and renal morphology of rats: histological and histometric study in rat calvaria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05226. [PMID: 33102851 PMCID: PMC7575886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports demonstrated the utility of systemic application of growth hormone (GH) in the treatment of bone defects. Very few studies correlated bone repair efficacy with hepatic and renal side effects promoted by locally-delivered GH. The objectives of this study were to assess the bone repair properties along with hepatic and renal adverse effects promoted by local application of GH in a rat model. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided (4 groups; n = 8/group), as follows: (i) AB (autogenous bone + local application of saline solution [SS]), (ii) AB+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + SS irrigation), (iii) AB/GH+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + GH irrigation) and (iv) AB/GHL+ (autogenous bone + GH local application + GH irrigation). Critical-sized defects (diameter = 5.0 mm) were surgically created by a single operator in the calvaria of rats. Defects were filled with ground autogenous bone. Defects pertaining to AB+ and AB/GH+ received a mixture of autogenous bone and a SS-saturated (0.02 mL) collagen sponge covered with bovine cortical membrane. Defects in group AB/GHL+, were filled with the same biomaterials saturated with GH (0.02 mL). SS (0.1 mL) or GH (0.1 mL, equivalent to 0.4 IU) were applied locally on alternate days (8 weeks) in animals in groups AB, AB+ and AB/GH+ or AB/GHL+, respectively. Bone repair properties was determined in hematoxylin/eosin-stained slices using traditional histologic and histomorphometric techniques along with optical microscopy and digital image analysis. Statistical differences among groups was determined using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Histology results indicated that AB and AB+ displayed greater presence of autogenous bone as compared to AB/GH+ and AB/GHL+. Histomorphometric results indicated significantly higher osteoid matrix formation in AB and AB+ when compared to AB/GHL+ (p = 0.009). Kidneys and livers were found to have their glomeruli preserved in AB and AB+. Strong glomeruli necrosis and large areas of protein deposition were found in AB/GH+. Abnormal small-sized glomeruli were found in AB/GHL+. The utilization of autogenous bone graft associated with local application and irrigation with GH was shown to not improve the bone repair in calvarial critical-sized defects in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Henrique Chaves
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Allan Fernando Giovanini
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Joao Cesar Zielak
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lucia Mueller Storrer
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- Department of Restorative Sciences Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73117, USA
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Department of Restorative Sciences Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73117, USA
| | - Tatiana Miranda Deliberador
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil
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Pomini KT, Cestari TM, Santos German ÍJ, de Oliveira Rosso MP, de Oliveira Gonçalves JB, Buchaim DV, Pereira M, Andreo JC, Rosa GM, Della Coletta BB, Cosin Shindo JVT, Buchaim RL. Influence of experimental alcoholism on the repair process of bone defects filled with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:315-325. [PMID: 30875652 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of ethanol on the repair in calvaria treated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Forty rats were distributed into 2 groups: Water group (CG, n = 20) and Alcohol Group (AG, n = 20), which received 25% ethanol ad libitum after an adaptation period of 3 weeks. After 90 days of liquid diet, the rats were submitted to a 5.0 mm bilateral craniotomy in the parietal bones; the left parietal was filled with β-TCP (CG-TCP and AG-TCP) and the contralateral only with blood clot (CG-Clot and AG-Clot). The animals were killed after 10, 20, 40 and 60 days. The groups CG-Clot and AG-Clot showed similar pattern of bone formation with a gradual and significant increase in the amount of bone in CG-Clot (22.17 ± 3.18 and 34.81 ± 5.49) in relation to AG-Clot (9.35 ± 5.98 and 21.65 ± 6.70) in periods of 20-40 days, respectively. However, in the other periods there was no statistically significant difference. Alcohol ingestion had a negative influence on bone formation, even with the use of β-TCP, exhibiting slow resorption and replacement by fibrous tissue, with 16% of bone formation within 60 days in AG-TCP, exhibiting immature bone tissue with predominance of disorganized collagen fibers. Defects in CG-TCP showed bone tissue with predominance of lamellar arrangement filling 39% of the original defect. It can be concluded that chronic ethanol consumption impairs the ability to repair bone defects, even with the use of a β-TCP biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil; Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil; Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina, Brazil.
| | - Mizael Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Marco Rosa
- University of the Sacred Heart (USC), Bauru, Brazil; University of the Ninth of July (UNINOVE), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Botteon Della Coletta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | | | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil; Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil.
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Huang X, Das R, Patel A, Nguyen TD. Physical Stimulations for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:216-237. [PMID: 30740512 PMCID: PMC6366645 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of techniques and methods are actively invented by clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the field of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Biological, chemical, and physiological factors, which play key roles in musculoskeletal tissue development, have been extensively explored. However, physical stimulation is increasingly showing extreme importance in the processes of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and maturation through defined dose parameters including mode, frequency, magnitude, and duration of stimuli. Studies have shown manipulation of physical microenvironment is an indispensable strategy for the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage, and biophysical cues could profoundly promote their regeneration. In this article, we review recent literature on utilization of physical stimulation, such as mechanical forces (cyclic strain, fluid shear stress, etc.), electrical and magnetic fields, ultrasound, shock waves, substrate stimuli, etc., to promote the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of cellular response and the potential clinical usage of these stimulations for bone and cartilage regeneration.
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Using modern human cortical bone distribution to test the systemic robusticity hypothesis. J Hum Evol 2018; 119:64-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xie Q, Wang Z, Huang Y, Bi X, Zhou H, Lin M, Yu Z, Wang Y, Ni N, Sun J, Wu S, You Z, Guo C, Sun H, Wang Y, Gu P, Fan X. Characterization of human ethmoid sinus mucosa derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESMSCs) and the application of hESMSCs cell sheets in bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26196534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively applied in the field of tissue regeneration. MSCs derived from various tissues exhibit different characteristics. In this study, a cluster of cells were isolated from human ethmoid sinus mucosa membrane and termed as hESMSCs. hESMSCs was demonstrated to have MSC-specific characteristics of self-renewal and tri-lineage differentiation. In particular, hESMSCs displayed strong osteogenic differentiation potential, and also remarkably promoted the proliferation and osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Next, hESMSCs were prepared into a cell sheet and combined with a PSeD scaffold seeded with rBMSCs to repair critical-sized calvarial defects in rats, which showed excellent reparative effects. Additionally, ELISA assays revealed that secreted cytokines, such as BMP-2, BMP-4 and bFGF, were higher in the hESMSCs conditioned medium, and immunohistochemistry validated that hESMSCs cell sheet promoted the expression of BMP signaling downstream genes in newly formed bone. In conclusion, hESMSCs were demonstrated to be a class of mesenchymal stem cells that possessed high self-renewal capacity along with strong osteogenic potential, and the cell sheet of hESMSCs could remarkably promote new bone regeneration, indicating that hESMSCs cell sheet could serve as a novel and promising alternative strategy in the management of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zhang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Surgery, and the McGowan Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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Chen F, Song Z, Liu C. Fast setting and anti-washout injectable calcium–magnesium phosphate cement for minimally invasive treatment of bone defects. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9173-9181. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fa-ICMPC exhibited potent anti-washout properties, fast setting, improved injectability, good biodegradability and osteoconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Zhiyan Song
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
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Calderoni DR, Gilioli R, Munhoz ALJ, Maciel Filho R, Zavaglia CADC, Lambert CS, Lopes ÉSN, Toro IFC, Kharmandayan P. Paired evaluation of calvarial reconstruction with prototyped titanium implants with and without ceramic coating. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:579-87. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400150005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ezirganlı Ş, Kazancıoğlu HO, Mihmanlı A, Aydın MŞ, Sharifov R, Alkan A. The effect of local simvastatin application on critical size defects in the diabetic rats. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:969-76. [PMID: 23600677 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate bone-healing effects of local simvastatin application to critical size defects (CSDs) in the experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 350 g and aged 3 months were used in this study. The rats were divided into five groups of seven animals each: passive control (group A), active control (group B), 0.5 mg simvastatin (group C), 1.0 mg simvastatin (group D), and 1.5 mg simvastatin (group E). Streptozotocin was used to induce Type 1 diabetes in all rats. Eight mm CSDs were created under anesthesia in each rat calvarium. CSDs were left empty in group A. Defects in group B were grafted alone with a gelatin sponge mixed with normal saline. Defects in the experimental groups (groups A, B, and C) were grafted with gelatin sponge mixed saline solutions contain 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg simvastatin. Rats were sacrificed after 1 month, and the defects were prepared for radiologic and histomorphometric assessment of regenerated bone. RESULTS None of the specimens exhibited complete closure of new bone across the 8-mm defect. A correlation between computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis was not determined. Both amount of volume and area of regenerated bone were found higher in the experimental groups than in the control groups. However, these values were not found statistically significant degree (P < 0.05) for each groups. The density of regenerated bone in the region of interest was higher in the control groups in contrast to in the experimental groups. However, statistical significance was just found between groups C and A and between groups C and B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The local simvastatin application enhanced healing of the bone defects in the diabetic rat model CSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Ezirganlı
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Oh SH, Kim TH, Chun SY, Park EK, Lee JH. Enhanced Guided Bone Regeneration by Asymmetrically Porous PCL/Pluronic F127 Membrane and Ultrasound Stimulation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1673-86. [DOI: 10.1163/092050611x589518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Heang Oh
- a Department of Advanced Materials , Hannam University , 461-6 Jeonmin Dong, Yuseong Gu , Daejeon , 305-811 , South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- a Department of Advanced Materials , Hannam University , 461-6 Jeonmin Dong, Yuseong Gu , Daejeon , 305-811 , South Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- b Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital , 50 Samduk 2 Ga, Jung Gu , Daegu , 700-412 , South Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- b Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital , 50 Samduk 2 Ga, Jung Gu , Daegu , 700-412 , South Korea
- c Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine , School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University , 188-1 Samduk 2 Ga, Jung Gu , Daegu , 700-412 , South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- a Department of Advanced Materials , Hannam University , 461-6 Jeonmin Dong, Yuseong Gu , Daejeon , 305-811 , South Korea
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Kim TH, Oh SH, Na SY, Chun SY, Lee JH. Effect of biological/physical stimulation on guided bone regeneration through asymmetrically porous membrane. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1512-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zou D, Zhang Z, Ye D, Tang A, Deng L, Han W, Zhao J, Wang S, Zhang W, Zhu C, Zhou J, He J, Wang Y, Xu F, Huang Y, Jiang X. Repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects using genetically engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1380-90. [PMID: 21774039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The processes of angiogenesis and bone formation are coupled both temporally and spatially during bone repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been effectively used to heal critical-size bone defects. Enhancing their ability to undergo angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation will enhance their potential use in bone regeneration. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has recently been identified as a major regulator of angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HIF-1α gene therapy could be used to promote the repair of critical-sized bone defects. Using lentivirus-mediated delivery of wild-type (HIF) or constitutively active HIF-1α (cHIF), we found that in cultured BMSCs in vitro, HIF and cHIF significantly enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic mRNA and protein expression when compared with the LacZ group. We found that HIF-1α-overexpressing BMSCs dramatically improved the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects, including increased bone volume, bone mineral density, blood vessel number, and blood vessel area in vivo. These data confirm the essential role of HIF-1α modified BMSCs in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohong Zou
- School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Sun H, Lin CH, Smith ME. Growth hormone promotes hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) inner ear following acoustic trauma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28372. [PMID: 22140580 PMCID: PMC3227666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous microarray analysis showed that growth hormone (GH) was significantly upregulated following acoustic trauma in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) ear suggesting that GH may play an important role in the process of auditory hair cell regeneration. Our objective was to examine the effects of exogenous and endogenous GH on zebrafish inner ear epithelia following acoustic trauma. Methodology/Principal Findings We induced auditory hair cell damage by exposing zebrafish to acoustic overstimulation. Fish were then injected intraperitoneally with either carp GH or buffer, and placed in a recovery tank for either one or two days. Phalloidin-, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-, and TUNEL-labeling were used to examine hair cell densities, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Two days post-trauma, saccular hair cell densities in GH-treated fish were similar to that of baseline controls, whereas buffer-injected fish showed significantly reduced densities of hair cell bundles. Cell proliferation was greater and apoptosis reduced in the saccules, lagenae, and utricles of GH-treated fish one day following trauma compared to controls. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine the localization of GH mRNA in the zebrafish ear. At one day post-trauma, GH mRNA expression appeared to be localized perinuclearly around erythrocytes in the blood vessels of the inner ear epithelia. In order to examine the effects of endogenous GH on the process of cell proliferation in the ear, a GH antagonist was injected into zebrafish immediately following acoustic trauma, resulting in significantly decreased cell proliferation one day post-trauma in all three zebrafish inner ear end organs. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that exogenous GH promotes post-trauma auditory hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish ear through stimulating proliferation and suppressing apoptosis, and that endogenous GH signals are present in the zebrafish ear during the process of auditory hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Smith
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zou D, Zhang Z, He J, Zhu S, Wang S, Zhang W, Zhou J, Xu Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Han W, Zhou Y, Wang S, You S, Jiang X, Huang Y. Repairing critical-sized calvarial defects with BMSCs modified by a constitutively active form of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and a phosphate cement scaffold. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9707-18. [PMID: 21975460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering combined with gene therapy represents a promising approach for bone regeneration. The Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene is a pivotal regulator of vascular reactivity and angiogenesis. Our recent study has showed that HIF-1α could promote osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) using a gene point mutant technique. To optimize the function of HIF-1α on inducing stem cells, another constitutively active form of HIF-1α (CA5) was constructed with truncation mutant method and its therapeutic potential on critical-sized bone defects was evaluated with calcium-magnesium phosphate cement (CMPC) scaffold in a rat model. BMSCs were treated with Lenti (lentivirus) -CA5, Lenti-WT (wild-type HIF-1α), and Lenti-LacZ. These genetically modified BMSCs were then combined with CMPC scaffolds to repair critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. The results showed that the overexpression of HIF-1α obviously enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers in vitro and robust new bone formation with the higher local bone mineral density (BMD) was found in vivo in the CA5 and WT groups. Furthermore, CA5 showed significantly greater stability and osteogenic activity in BMSCs compared with WT. These data suggest that BMSCs transduced with truncation mutanted HIF-1α gene can promote the overexpression of osteogenic markers. CMPC could serve as a potential substrate for HIF-1α gene modified tissue engineered bone to repair critical sized bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohong Zou
- School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zhu C, Chang Q, Zou D, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhao J, Yu W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Jiang X. LvBMP-2 gene-modified BMSCs combined with calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for the repair of calvarial defects in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1965-1973. [PMID: 21681654 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) expressing bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) mediated by lentiviral (Lv) gene transduction combined with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds for the repair of critical size calvarial defects in rats. BMSCs derived from Fisher 344 rats were transduced with LvBMP-2 or lentivirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (LvEGFP) in vitro. Obvious osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the LvBMP-2 group was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results show that LvBMP-2 gene expression in vitro can last for at least 8 weeks. Gene-transduced or untransduced BMSCs were seeded onto CPC scaffolds to repair rat calvarial defects with a diameter of 5 mm. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that porous CPC scaffolds facilitated initial adhesion and spreading of BMSCs onto its surface. Calvarial defects were successfully repaired with LvBMP-2-transduced BMSCs/CPC constructs 8 weeks postoperatively. The percentage of new bone formation in the LvBMP-2 group was significantly higher than in other control groups. Lentiviral mediated BMP-2 gene therapy together with CPC scaffolds can be used successfully in calvarial repair and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Ye JH, Xu YJ, Gao J, Yan SG, Zhao J, Tu Q, Zhang J, Duan XJ, Sommer CA, Mostoslavsky G, Kaplan DL, Wu YN, Zhang CP, Wang L, Chen J. Critical-size calvarial bone defects healing in a mouse model with silk scaffolds and SATB2-modified iPSCs. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5065-76. [PMID: 21492931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into mineralizing cells and thus have a great potential in application in engineered bone substitutes with bioactive scaffolds in regeneration medicine. In the current study we characterized and demonstrated the pluripotency and osteogenic differentiation of mouse iPSCs. To enhance the osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs, we then transduced the iPSCs with the potent transcription factor, nuclear matrix protein SATB2. We observed that in SATB2-overexpressing iPSCs there were increased mineral nodule formation and elevated mRNA levels of key osteogenic genes, osterix (OSX), Runx2, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Moreover, the mRNA levels of HoxA2 was reduced after SATB2 overexpression in iPSCs. The SATB2-overexpressing iPSCs were then combined with silk scaffolds and transplanted into critical-size calvarial bone defects created in nude mice. Five weeks post-surgery, radiological and micro-CT analysis revealed enhanced new bone formation in calvarial defects in SATB2 group. Histological analysis also showed increased new bone formation and mineralization in the SATB2 group. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that SATB2 facilitates the differentiation of iPSCs towards osteoblast-lineage cells by repressing HoxA2 and augmenting the functions of the osteoblast determinants Runx2, BSP and OCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Ye
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Molina-Miñano F, López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Vicente-Ortega V. Plasma rich in growth factors and bone formation: a radiological and histomorphometric study in New Zealand rabbits. Braz Oral Res 2010; 23:275-80. [PMID: 19893962 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A radiographic and histomorphometric study was conducted on the influence of autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) upon bone healing in surgically created defects in rabbits. Radiographically, bone regeneration was significantly greater with the use of PRGF after one month (p = 0.005), though no differences were recorded after the second month. In the histomorphometric analysis one month after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone plus PRGF showed a greater percentage of neoformed bone (35.01 +/- 5.31) than the control defects (22.90 +/- 12.23), though the differences were not significant. Two months after surgery, the defects filled with autologous bone showed greater regeneration (46.04 +/- 10.36%) than the control defects (30.59 +/- 5.69%), though the differences were not significant. The application of PRGF in the bone defects produced in New Zealand rabbits exerted a limited effect on local bone formation.
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Kim KS, Lee JY, Kang YM, Kim E, Kim GH, Rhee SD, Cheon HG, Kim JH, Min BH, Lee HB, Kim MS. Small intestine submucosa sponge for in vivo support of tissue-engineered bone formation in the presence of rat bone marrow stem cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:1104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Analysis of calvarial bone defects in rats using microcomputed tomography: potential for a novel composite material and a new quantitative measurement. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 47:616-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jiang X, Zhao J, Wang S, Sun X, Zhang X, Chen J, Kaplan DL, Zhang Z. Mandibular repair in rats with premineralized silk scaffolds and BMP-2-modified bMSCs. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4522-32. [PMID: 19501905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Premineralized silk fibroin protein scaffolds (mSS) were prepared to combine the osteoconductive properties of biological apatite with aqueous-derived silk scaffold (SS) as a composite scaffold for bone regeneration. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of premineralized silk scaffolds combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) modified bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) to repair mandibular bony defects in a rat model. bMSCs were expanded and transduced with adenovirus AdBMP-2, AdLacZ gene in vitro. These genetically modified bMSCs were then combined with premineralized silk scaffolds to form tissue-engineered bone. Mandibular repairs with AdBMP-2 transduced bMSCs/mSS constructs were compared with those treated with AdLacZ-transduced bMSCs/mSS constructs, native (nontransduced) bMSCs/mSS constructs and mSS alone. Eight weeks after post-operation, the mandibles were explanted and evaluated by radiographic observation, micro-CT, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. The presence of BMP-2 gene enhanced tissue-engineered bone in terms of the most new bone formed and the highest local bone mineral densities (BMD) found. These results demonstrated that premineralized silk scaffold could serve as a potential substrate for bMSCs to construct tissue-engineered bone for mandibular bony defects. BMP-2 gene therapy and tissue engineering techniques could be used in mandibular repair and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Umoh JU, Sampaio AV, Welch I, Pitelka V, Goldberg HA, Underhill TM, Holdsworth DW. In vivomicro-CT analysis of bone remodeling in a rat calvarial defect model. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:2147-61. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/7/020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jones L, Thomsen JS, Mosekilde L, Bosch C, Melsen B. Biomechanical evaluation of rat skull defects, 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation with osteopromotive substances. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2007; 35:350-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Efeoglu C, Fisher SE, Ertürk S, Oztop F, Günbay S, Sipahi A. Quantitative morphometric evaluation of critical size experimental bone defects by microcomputed tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 45:203-7. [PMID: 16854508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to show that microcomputed tomography is a useful tool for acquiring high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic images to assess bone healing, the interface with materials, and the biocompatibility of bone substitutes. Acquired images can be used for non-invasive quantitative morphometric analysis of regenerating bone, leaving the option for conventional histology to be an adjunct used at defined intervals. The temporal characterisation of the mineralisation of bone potentially has a critical role in the understanding of the dynamics of mineralisation of healing bone. This has applications both for degradable and bioactive materials and for pharmaceutical products that act on bone. Formal validation of this promising new technique will be a critical part of continuing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Efeoglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Level 6 Worsley Building, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9LU, UK.
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Pryor ME, Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Validity of radiographic evaluations of bone formation in a rat calvaria osteotomy defect model. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33:455-60. [PMID: 16677336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2006.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of radiographic evaluations of bone formation in a critical-size rat calvaria osteotomy defect model. METHODS Bilateral, critical-size ( [symbol in text] 6 mm) calvaria osteotomy defects in 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a rat platelet-rich plasma preparation or control treatments were evaluated by radiographic and histometric measures following a 4- or 8-week healing interval. Standardized radiographic images of the rat calvaria gross specimens were used to assess bone formation within the defect sites by visual evaluation of the grey scale by three masked examiners. The most central portion of each defect site was subject to histometric analysis using a PC-based image analysis system. Kappa statistics and percentage agreement between the radiographic and histometric analysis were estimated. RESULTS Radiographic evaluations of bone formation are associated with significant weaknesses poorly representing actual healing events; kappa statistics (0.17) denoting slight agreement beyond chance. Perfect agreement between the histologic and radiographic analysis for defect sites showing complete and partial histologic bone fill was achieved 63% and 50% of the time, respectively. Agreement reached only 20% for sites with no/limited bone fill. When no/limited and partial bone fill occurred, the radiographic analysis tended to overestimate bone fill and underestimate bone fill when complete closure of the defect sites was observed in the histologic analysis. CONCLUSION Low accuracy was observed when radiographic evaluations were employed in identifying and characterizing bone fill in the rat calvaria osteotomy defects. Assessment of bone healing in animal models aiming at treatment recommendations for clinical application must not solely be based on radiographic analysis, but should be confirmed using histologic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Pryor
- Marquette University School of Dentistry - Surgical Sciences/Periodontics, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Pryor ME, Yang J, Polimeni G, Koo KT, Hartman MJ, Gross H, Agelan A, Manns JM, Wikesjö UME. Analysis of Rat Calvaria Defects Implanted With a Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation: Radiographic Observations. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1287-92. [PMID: 16101360 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.8.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) harbors growth factors identified in bone. It has been suggested that these factors enhance osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to conduct a radiographic evaluation on local bone formation following surgical implantation of a PRP preparation using a critical-size rat calvaria defect model. METHODS Thirty 22-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The PRP preparation was obtained from 10 ml of whole blood drawn from one age-matched donor rat. The preparation was processed by gradient density centrifugation and stored at -80 degrees C until use. Using aseptic techniques, the PRP preparation soak-loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier or ACS alone was surgically implanted into contralateral critical-size 6 mm rat calvaria osteotomies in 18 animals. Twelve animals received ACS alone versus sham surgery in contralateral defects. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected and radiographs were obtained using a standardized protocol. Three masked examiners independently evaluated the radiographic images of the defect sites. Examiner reproducibility was examined by repeat evaluation of all defect sites (r=0.6; P <0.0001). RESULTS The animals were maintained without adverse events. Defect sites in two animals receiving ACS versus sham surgery (4-week healing interval) were not evaluated due to specimen damage. Seventy-five percent of the sites (PRP/ACS or ACS) exhibited partial closure at 4 weeks; one site (ACS) exhibited full closure without significant differences between protocols (P=0.1797). Fifty percent of the sites receiving PRP/ACS exhibited full closure and 20% partial closure at 8 weeks versus 20% and 80%, respectively, for the ACS control (P=0.7532). There were no noteworthy differences between sites receiving ACS versus sham surgery at 4 or 8 weeks. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the PRP preparation does not have a significant effect on osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Pryor
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Lu M, Rabie ABM. Quantitative assessment of early healing of intramembranous and endochondral autogenous bone grafts using micro-computed tomography and Q-win image analyzer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:369-76. [PMID: 15145040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a new tool to image and quantify trabecular bone. The aim of this study is to compare the two measurement methods when evaluating the early healing of intramembranous (IM) and endochondral (EC) autogenous bone grafts using micro-computed tomography and Q-win computer image analyzer. Twelve critical size (15 mm x 10 mm) defects were created in rabbit mandibles bilaterally. Six defects were grafted with autogenous EC bone; six defects were grafted with autogenous IM bone. Three weeks post-surgery, the defects were retrieved for microCT imaging analysis and histological evaluation. Results showed a significant correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001) between microCT and Q-win in measuring the volume of new bone and graft bone in the mandibular defects after 3 weeks of early healing. There were distinct differences between IM bone and EC bone grafts in 2D and 3D features of graft bone maintenance as well as new bone formation. MicroCT imaging is a non-destructive, fast and precise procedure that allows for quantitative evaluation of the early healing of IM and EC autogenous bone grafts in membranous bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lu
- Hard Tissue Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, China
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Ozçelik D, Turan T, Kabukcuoğlu F, Uğurlu K, Oztürk O, Başak M, Bankaoğlu M. Bone induction capacity of the periosteum and neonatal dura in the setting of the rat zygomatic arch fracture model. ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY 2003; 5:301-8. [PMID: 12873867 DOI: 10.1001/archfaci.5.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteogenic properties of the dura and periosteum are thought to contribute to the regenerative capacity of membranous bone tissue. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate (1) whether dura without underlying neural tissues can induce osteogenesis, (2) to what extent the periosteum participates in membranous bone healing, and (3) the difference between dura-induced and periosteum-induced osteogenesis. METHODS A standardized 2-mm defect was created within the middle portion of each zygomatic arch in 30 Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups, 10 animals in each group. In group 1, the periosteum was removed and neonatal dura grafts were transplanted onto the zygomatic arch bone defect circumferentially. In group 2, the overlying periosteum was preserved. In group 3, the periosteum was removed. At 3 and 10 weeks, animals from each group were killed, and specimens were obtained. Data were collected from the 3-dimensional computed tomographic scans and histologic studies to compare the extent of bony repair. RESULTS Fracture sites demonstrated osteogenesis associated with chondrogenesis in groups 1 and 2 and only limited osteogenesis with no chondrogenesis in group 3. In some animals in group 3, cortical bone ends underwent resorption. In groups 1 and 2, bone defects were obliterated by the formation of the mature compact bone at 10 weeks postoperatively. The difference between bone regeneration in these groups was not significant (P =.16). In group 3, the defects failed to heal by bony union, and in most of the samples the fibrous union was observed instead. The difference between groups 1 and 3 was significant (P =.03). The difference between groups 2 and 3 was not significant (P =.09). CONCLUSIONS The trend toward significance is in agreement with the current clinical practice of preserving periosteum in the manipulations of the membranous bone defects. Newborn dura can exert a potentiating effect on osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozçelik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sişli Etfal State Hospital, and Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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