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Woronkowicz M, Roberts H, Skopiński P. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in the Corneal Epithelium Homeostasis-From Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells to Therapeutic Applications. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38534414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, comprising three layers of cells, represents the outermost portion of the eye and functions as a vital protective barrier while concurrently serving as a critical refractive structure. Maintaining its homeostasis involves a complex regenerative process facilitated by the functions of the lacrimal gland, tear film, and corneal nerves. Crucially, limbal epithelial stem cells located in the limbus (transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva) are instrumental for the corneal epithelium integrity by replenishing and renewing cells. Re-epithelialization failure results in persistent defects, often associated with various ocular conditions including diabetic keratopathy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a sophisticated network of insulin and other proteins essential for numerous physiological processes. This review examines its role in maintaining the corneal epithelium homeostasis, with a special focus on the interplay with corneal limbal stem cells and the potential therapeutic applications of the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woronkowicz
- NDDH, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Harry Roberts
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Alessio N, Aprile D, Peluso G, Mazzone V, Patrone D, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U. IGFBP5 is released by senescent cells and is internalized by healthy cells, promoting their senescence through interaction with retinoic receptors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:122. [PMID: 38351010 PMCID: PMC10863175 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells that are exposed to harmful genetic damage, either from internal or external sources, may undergo senescence if they are unable to repair their DNA. Senescence, characterized by a state of irreversible growth arrest, can spread to neighboring cells through a process known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This phenomenon contributes to both aging and the development of cancer. The SASP comprises a variety of factors that regulate numerous functions, including the induction of secondary senescence, modulation of immune system activity, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, alteration of tissue structure, and promotion of cancer progression. Identifying key factors within the SASP is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of senescence and developing effective strategies to counteract cellular senescence. Our research has specifically focused on investigating the role of IGFBP5, a component of the SASP observed in various experimental models and conditions.Through our studies, we have demonstrated that IGFBP5 actively contributes to promoting senescence and can induce senescence in neighboring cells. We have gained valuable insights into the mechanisms through which IGFBP5 exerts its pro-senescence effects. These mechanisms include its release following genotoxic stress, involvement in signaling pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins, internalization via specialized structures called caveolae, and interaction with a specific protein known as RARα. By uncovering these mechanisms, we have advanced our understanding of the intricate role of IGFBP5 in the senescence process. The significance of IGFBP5 as a pro-aging factor stems from an in vivo study we conducted on patients undergoing Computer Tomography analysis. In these patients, we observed an elevation in circulating IGFBP5 levels in response to radiation-induced organismal stress.Globally, our findings highlight the potential of IGFBP5 as a promising therapeutic target for age-related diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Mazzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Deanira Patrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy.
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples, 80138, Italy.
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Temple University, PA, Philadelphia, USA.
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Barrios V, Martín-Rivada Á, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Canelles S, Moreno-Macián F, De Mingo-Alemany C, Delvecchio M, Pajno R, Fintini D, Chowen JA, Argente J. Increased IGFBP proteolysis, IGF-I bioavailability and pappalysin levels in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:dgad754. [PMID: 38141219 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with impaired growth hormone (GH) secretion and decreased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels. Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) and stanniocalcins (STC-1, STC-2) regulate IGF binding-protein (IGFBP) cleavage and IGF bioavailability, but their implication in PWS is unknown. OBJECTIVE We determined serum levels of PAPP-As and STCs in association with IGF axis components in pre- and pubertal patients with PWS, also analyzing the effect of GH treatment. METHODS Forty children and adolescents with PWS and 120 sex- and age-matched controls were included. The effect of GH was evaluated at six months of treatment in 11 children. RESULTS Children with PWS had lower levels of total IGF-I, total and intact IGFBP-3, acid-labile subunit, intact IGFBP-4, and STC-1, and higher concentrations of free IGF-I, IGFBP-5 and PAPP-A. Patients with PWS after pubertal onset had decreased total IGF-I, total and intact IGFBP-3, and intact IGFBP-4 levels, and increased total IGFBP-4, and STCs concentrations. GH treatment increased total IGF-I, total and intact IGFBP-3, and intact IGFBP-4, with no changes in PAPP-As, STCs and free IGF-I levels. Standardized height correlated directly with intact IGFBP-3 and inversely with PAPP-As and the free/total IGF-I ratio. CONCLUSION The increase in PAPP-A could be involved in increased IGFBP proteolysis, promoting IGF-I bioavailability in children with PWS. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between growth, GH resistance, and changes in the IGF axis during development and after GH treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Barrios
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Department of Pediatrics. Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Pajno
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù. Prader-Willi Reference Center, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit. IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology. Research Institute "La Princesa". Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Department of Pediatrics. Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The pappalysin metalloproteinases, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, have emerged as highly specific proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. The only known pappalysin substrates are a subset of the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), which bind IGF-I or IGF-II with high affinity to antagonize receptor binding. Thus, by cleaving IGFBPs, the pappalysins have the potential to increase IGF bioactivity and hence promote IGF signaling. This is relevant both in systemic and local IGF regulation, in normal and several pathophysiological conditions. Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 were recently found to be potent pappalysin inhibitors, thus comprising the missing components of a complete proteolytic system, the stanniocalcin-PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF axis. Here, we provide the biological context necessary for understanding the properties of this molecular network, and we review biochemical data, animal experiments, clinical data, and genetic data supporting the physiological operation of this branch as an important part of the IGF system. However, although in vivo data clearly illustrate its power, it is a challenge to understand its subtle operation, for example, multiple equilibria and inhibitory kinetics may determine how, where, and when the IGF receptor is stimulated. In addition, literally all of the regulatory proteins have suspected or known activities that are not directly related to IGF signaling. How such activities may integrate with IGF signaling is also important to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hord TK, Tanner AR, Kennedy VC, Lynch CS, Winger QA, Rozance PJ, Anthony RV. Impact of Chorionic Somatomammotropin In Vivo RNA Interference Phenotype on Uteroplacental Expression of the IGF Axis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 37374044 PMCID: PMC10302269 DOI: 10.3390/life13061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While fetal growth is dependent on many factors, optimal placental function is a prerequisite for a normal pregnancy outcome. The majority of fetal growth-restricted (FGR) pregnancies result from placental insufficiency (PI). The insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2) stimulate fetal growth and placental development and function. Previously, we demonstrated that in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) of the placental hormone, chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), resulted in two phenotypes. One phenotype exhibits significant placental and fetal growth restriction (PI-FGR), impaired placental nutrient transport, and significant reductions in umbilical insulin and IGF1. The other phenotype does not exhibit statistically significant changes in placental or fetal growth (non-FGR). It was our objective to further characterize these two phenotypes by determining the impact of CSH RNAi on the placental (maternal caruncle and fetal cotyledon) expression of the IGF axis. The trophectoderm of hatched blastocysts (9 days of gestation, dGA) were infected with a lentivirus expressing either a non-targeting sequence (NTS RNAi) control or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi) prior to embryo transfer into synchronized recipient ewes. At ≈125 dGA, pregnancies were fitted with vascular catheters to undergo steady-state metabolic studies. Nutrient uptakes were determined, and tissues were harvested at necropsy. In both CSH RNAi non-FGR and PI-FGR pregnancies, uterine blood flow was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05), while umbilical blood flow (p ≤ 0.01), both uterine and umbilical glucose and oxygen uptakes (p ≤ 0.05), and umbilical concentrations of insulin and IGF1 (p ≤ 0.05) were reduced in CSH RNAi PI-FGR pregnancies. Fetal cotyledon IGF1 mRNA concentration was reduced (p ≤ 0.05) in CSH RNAi PI-FGR pregnancies, whereas neither IGF1 nor IGF2 mRNA concentrations were impacted in the maternal caruncles, and either placental tissue in the non-FGR pregnancies. Fetal cotyledon IGF1R and IGF2R mRNA concentrations were not impacted for either phenotype, yet IGF2R was increased (p ≤ 0.01) in the maternal caruncles of CSH RNAi PI-FGR pregnancies. For the IGF binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3), only IGFBP2 mRNA concentrations were impacted, with elevated IGFBP2 mRNA in both the fetal cotyledon (p ≤ 0.01) and maternal caruncle (p = 0.08) of CSH RNAi non-FGR pregnancies. These data support the importance of IGF1 in placental growth and function but may also implicate IGFBP2 in salvaging placental growth in non-FGR pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K. Hord
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amelia R. Tanner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Victoria C. Kennedy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cameron S. Lynch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Paul J. Rozance
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Liu Y, Shen S, Yan Z, Yan L, Ding H, Wang A, Xu Q, Sun L, Yuan Y. Expression characteristics and their functional role of IGFBP gene family in pan-cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37088808 PMCID: PMC10124011 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are critical regulators of the biological activities of insulin-like growth factors. The IGFBP family plays diverse roles in different types of cancer, which we still lack comprehensive and pleiotropic understandings so far. METHODS Multi-source and multi-dimensional data, extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) was used for bioinformatics analysis by R language. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were performed to validate the results of the database analysis results. Bibliometrics and literature review were used for summarizing the research progress of IGFBPs in the field of tumor. RESULTS The members of IGFBP gene family are differentially expressed in various cancer types. IGFBPs expression can affect prognosis of different cancers. The expression of IGFBPs expression is associated with multiple signal transduction pathways. The expression of IGFBPs is significantly correlated with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, tumor stemness and tumor immune microenvironment. The qRT-PCR experiments verified the lower expression of IGFBP2 and IGFBP6 in gastric cancer and the lower expression of IGFBP6 in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemistry validated a marked downregulation of IGFBP2 protein in gastric cancer tissues. The keywords co-occurrence analysis of IGFBP related publications in cancer showed relative research have been more concentrating on the potential of IGFBPs as tumor diagnostic and prognostic markers and developing cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide frontier trend of IGFBPs related research and new clues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shixuan Shen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Lirong Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hanxi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ang Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Wanarase SR, Chavan SV, Sharma S, D S. Evaluation of SNPs from human IGFBP6 associated with gene expression: an in-silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13937-13949. [PMID: 36946206 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
In the bloodstream and in local tissues, most IGF molecules are associated with the one of the members of the IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) family, which are divided into six distinct types. IGF-binding proteins have been demonstrated to either decrease or increase the growth-promoting effects of IGFs on cell culture, by extending their half-life. They alter how IGFs interact with the receptors on their cell surfaces. IGFBP6 gene is associated with disease in-situ carcinoma. Upregulation or downregulation of IGFBP6 gene has been implicated in different types of cancer in humans. Nonsynonymous SNPs changes have the potential to affect the protein's structure and function. Potential functional SNPs can be assessed before undertaking studies in larger populations because validation of these functional SNPs can be a crucial problem. So, in this in-silico investigation, we used a variety of sequence- and structure-based bioinformatics methods to separate the potential nsSNPs of the IGFBP6 gene from the neutral ones. In total of 216 nsSNPs, 5 were found to have potential effects using 5 prediction tools. From which, 2 nsSNPs (R128G and R164H) were selected as potentially damaging due to their presence in highly conserved region and ability to decrease protein stability. Among these 2 nsSNPs, only R164H was found to be associated with Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. It was also found that both, upregulation or downregulation of IGFBP6 gene can lead to the different types of cancers. The findings of the present study will certainly be valuable in the future large population-based investigations as well as drug discovery, especially developing personalized medicine.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Susha D
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jang HJ, Lee S, Hong E, Yim KJ, Choi YS, Jung JY, Kim ZH. Mychonastes sp. 246 Suppresses Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth via IGFBP3- PI3K-mTOR Signaling. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 33:449-462. [PMID: 36864505 PMCID: PMC10164724 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we confirmed that Mychonastes sp. 246 methanolic extract (ME) markedly reduced the viability of BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism ME remained unclear. Hence, we attempted to elucidate the anticancer effect of ME on BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells. First, we investigated the components of ME and their cytotoxicity in normal cells. Then, we confirmed the G1 phase arrest mediated growth inhibitory effect of ME using a cell counting assay and cell cycle analysis. Moreover, we found that the migration-inhibitory effect of ME using a Transwell migration assay. Through RNA sequencing, Gene Ontology-based network analysis, and western blotting, we explored the intracellular mechanisms of ME in BxPC-3 cells. ME modulated the intracellular energy metabolism-related pathway by altering the mRNA levels of IGFBP3 and PPARGC1A in BxPC-3 cells and reduced PI3K and mTOR phosphorylation by upregulating IGFBP3 and 4E-BP1 expression. Finally, we verified that ME reduced the growth of three-dimensional (3D) pancreatic cancer spheroids. Our study demonstrates that ME suppresses pancreatic cancer proliferation through the IGFBP3-PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway. This is the first study on the anticancer effect of the ME against pancreatic cancer, suggesting therapeutic possibilities and the underlying mechanism of ME action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung June Yim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si 37242, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si 37242, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si 37242, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Martín-Rivada Á, Guerra-Cantera S, Campillo-Calatayud A, Andrés-Esteban EM, Sánchez Holgado M, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Pozo J, Güemes M, Soriano-Guillén L, Pellicer A, Oxvig C, Frystyk J, Chowen JA, Barrios V, Argente J. Pappalysins and Stanniocalcins and Their Relationship With the Peripheral IGF Axis in Newborns and During Development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2912-2924. [PMID: 35902207 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) modulate body growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) bioavailability through cleavage of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and are inhibited by stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2). Normative data on these novel factors, as well as on free IGF-I and uncleaved fractions of IGFBPs, are not well established. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, and STC2 in relationship with other growth hormone (GH)-IGF axis parameters during development. METHODS Full-term newborns (150; gestational age: 39.30 ± 1.10 weeks), 40 preterm newborns (30.87 ± 3.35 weeks), and 1071 healthy individuals (aged 1-30 years) were included in the study and divided according to their Tanner stages (males and females): I:163 males, 154 females; II:100 males, 75 females; III:83 males, 96 females; IV: 77 males, 86 females; and V:109 males,128 females. RESULTS Serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, STC2, IGFBP-2, total IGFBP-4, and total IGFBP-5 were elevated at birth and declined throughout childhood. In postnatal life, PAPP-A2 concentrations decreased progressively in concomitance with the free/total IGF-I ratio; however, stanniocalcin concentrations remained stable. PAPP-A2 concentrations positively correlated with the free/total IGF-I ratio (r = +0.28; P < .001) and negatively with the intact/total IGFBP-3 ratio (r = -0.23; P < .001). PAPP-A concentrations inversely correlated with intact/total IGFBP-4 ratio (r = -0.21; P < .001), with PAPP-A concentrations being lower in females at all ages. Association studies indicate the importance of stanniocalcins and pappalysins in the control of this axis in an age-specific manner. CONCLUSION This study provides reference values of pappalysins and stanniocalcins, which modulate IGF-I activity by changing the concentrations of cleaved and uncleaved IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Güemes
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelina Pellicer
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, E-28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yesbek Kaymaz A, Kostel Bal S, Bora G, Talim B, Ozon A, Alikasifoglu A, Topaloglu H, Erdem Yurter H. Alterations in insulin-like growth factor system in spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:631-638. [PMID: 36050898 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disease caused by survival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a myotrophic and neurotrophic factor that has been reported to be dysregulated in in vivo SMA model systems. However, detailed analyses of the IGF-I system in SMA patients are missing. In this study, we analyzed the components of the IGF-I system in serum and archived skeletal muscle biopsies of SMA patients. METHODS Serum IGF-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and IGFBP-5 levels were analyzed in 11 SMA patients and 13 healthy children by immunoradiometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBP-5 proteins was investigated by immunofluorescence analysis in the archived skeletal muscle biopsies of 9 SMA patients, 6 patients with non-SMA-related neuromuscular disease and atrophic fibers in muscle biopsy, and 4 controls. RESULTS A significant decrease in IGF-I levels (mean ± SD: -1.39 ± 1.46 vs. 0.017 ± 0.83, p = 0.02) and increase in IGFBP-5 levels (mean ± SD: 2358.5 ± 1617.4 ng/mL vs. 1003.4 ± 274.3 ng/mL, p=0.03) were detected in serum samples of SMA patients compared to healthy controls. Increased expression of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBP-5 was detected in skeletal muscle biopsies of SMA patients and non-SMA neuromuscular diseases, indicating atrophy-specific alterations in the pathway. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested that the components of the IGF-I system are altered in SMA patients at both the systemic and tissue-specific levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yesbek Kaymaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kostel Bal
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Bora
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Talim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alev Ozon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayat Erdem Yurter
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Zhu YN, Gan XW, Pan F, Ni XT, Myatt L, Wang WS, Sun K. Role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in placental ADAM12-S expression: implications for fetoplacental growth. BMC Med 2022; 20:189. [PMID: 35610640 PMCID: PMC9131539 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is a transcription silencing mark, which is indispensable for cell lineage specification at the early blastocyst stage. This epigenetic repression is maintained in placental cytotrophoblasts but is lifted when cytotrophoblasts differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts. However, the physiological impact of this lift remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether lifting EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 during syncytialization upregulates the expression of a short secretory isoform of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12-S), a well-recognized placenta-derived protease that cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 to increase insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability for the stimulation of fetoplacental growth. The transcription factor and the upstream signal involved were also explored. METHODS Human placenta tissue and cultured primary human placental cytotrophoblasts were utilized to investigate the role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in ADAM12-S expression and the associated transcription factor and upstream signal during syncytialization. A mouse model was used to examine whether inhibition of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 regulates placental ADAM12-S expression and fetoplacental growth. RESULTS EZH2 and ADAM12 are distributed primarily in villous cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. Increased ADAM12-S expression, decreased EZH2 expression, and decreased EZH2/H3K27me3 enrichment at the ADAM12 promoter were observed during syncytialization. Knock-down of EZH2 further increased ADAM12-S expression in trophoblasts. Syncytialization was also accompanied by increased STAT5B expression and phosphorylation as well as its enrichment at the ADAM12 promoter. Knock-down of STAT5B attenuated ADAM12-S expression during syncytialization. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was capable of inducing ADAM12-S expression via stimulation of STAT5B expression and phosphorylation during syncytialization. Mouse studies revealed that administration of an EZH2 inhibitor significantly increased ADAM12-S levels in maternal blood and fetoplacental weights along with decreased H3K27me3 abundance and increased ADAM12-S expression in the placenta. CONCLUSIONS Lifting EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 increases ADAM12-S expression during syncytialization with the participation of EGF-activated STAT5B, which may lead to elevation of ADAM12-S level in maternal blood resulting in increased IGF bioavailability for the stimulation of fetoplacental growth in pregnancy. Our studies suggest that the role of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 may switch from cell lineage specification at the early blastocyst stage to regulation of fetoplacental growth in later gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Gan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Wang-Sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Strojny W, Czogała W, Tomasik P, Bik-Multanowski M, Wójcik M, Miklusiak K, Miklusiak K, Hałubiec P, Skoczeń S. Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins and Respective Gene Expressions in Children before and after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124333. [PMID: 34959885 PMCID: PMC8709367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -7) are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation and may be associated with various metabolic parameters. The aim of our study was to compare levels of IGFs and IGFBPs and the expressions of their genes in children before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to assess their potential as markers of late metabolic complications of HSCT. We also conducted additional comparisons with healthy controls and of correlations of IGF and IGFBP levels with anthropometric and biochemical parameters. We analyzed 19 children treated with HSCT and 21 healthy controls. We found no significant differences in the levels of IGFs and IGFBPs and expressions of their genes before and after HSCT, while IGF and IGFBP levels were significantly lower in children treated with HSCT compared with controls. We conclude that our results did not reveal significant differences between the levels of IGFs and IGFBPs before and after HSCT, which would make them obvious candidates for markers of late complications of the procedure in children. However, due to the very low number of patients this conclusion must be taken with caution and may be altered by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Strojny
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.S.); (W.C.)
| | - Wojciech Czogała
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.S.); (W.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Tomasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Bik-Multanowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Miklusiak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.M.); (P.H.)
| | - Karol Miklusiak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.M.); (P.H.)
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.M.); (P.H.)
| | - Szymon Skoczeń
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (W.S.); (W.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-503-523-785
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13
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Nikolaev AA, Babkina IV, Gershtein ES, Alferov AA, Delektorskaya VV, Mamedli ZZ, Kushlinskii NE. Prognostic significance of the TNM system criteria, levels of serum insulin-like growth factors and their transport proteins, VEGF and MMP-7 in colorectal cancer. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:459-464. [PMID: 34388315 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-8-459-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of long-term results of treatment of 88 primary patients with colon adenocarcinoma at various stages of tumor process is presented, taking into account the TNM system criteria, and serum IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, VEGF, and MMP-7 levels. The overall survival rate assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression model was used as the criterion of prognosis. It was established that IGF-1, IGFBP-2 and VEGF serum levels along with the stage of colorectal cancer might be considered as statistically significant independent predictors of overall survival in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Nikolaev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I V Babkina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - Elena Sergeevna Gershtein
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Alferov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V V Delektorskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - Z Z Mamedli
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N E Kushlinskii
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.,A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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14
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Czogała W, Strojny W, Tomasik P, Multanowski MB, Wójcik M, Miklusiak K, Krzysztofik E, Wróbel A, Miklusiak K, Skoczeń S. The Insight into Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins and Metabolic Profile in Pediatric Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:2432. [PMID: 34371941 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate cell proliferation and differentiation and may be of importance in obesity development. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of chosen IGF-axis genes and the concentration of their protein products in 28 obese children (OB) and 34 healthy control (HC), and their correlation with essential parameters associated with childhood obesity. The gene expression of IGFBP7 was higher, and the expression of IGF2 and IGFBP1 genes was lower in the OB. The expression of IGFBP6 tended to be lower in OB. IGFBP4 concentration was significantly higher, and IGFBP3 tended to be higher in the OB compared to the HC, while IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP6 were significantly lower, and IGFBP7 tended to be lower in OB. We found numerous correlations between IGFs and IGFBP concentration and obesity metabolic parameters. IGFBP6 correlated positively with apelin, cholecystokinin, glucagone-like peptide-1, and leptin receptor. These peptides were also significantly lower in obese children in our study. The biological role of decreased levels of IGFBP6 in obese children needs further investigation.
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15
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Koffi KA, Doublier S, Ricort JM, Babajko S, Nassif A, Isaac J. The Role of GH/IGF Axis in Dento-Alveolar Complex from Development to Aging and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:1181. [PMID: 34066078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The GH/IGF axis is a major regulator of bone formation and resorption and is essential to the achievement of normal skeleton growth and homeostasis. Beyond its key role in bone physiology, the GH/IGF axis has also major pleiotropic endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects on mineralized tissues throughout life. This article aims to review the literature on GH, IGFs, IGF binding proteins, and their respective receptors in dental tissues, both epithelium (enamel) and mesenchyme (dentin, pulp, and tooth-supporting periodontium). The present review re-examines and refines the expression of the elements of the GH/IGF axis in oral tissues and their in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action in different mineralizing cell types of the dento-alveolar complex including ameloblasts, odontoblasts, pulp cells, cementoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and jaw osteoblasts focusing on cell-specific activities. Together, these data emphasize the determinant role of the GH/IGF axis in physiological and pathological development, morphometry, and aging of the teeth, the periodontium, and oral bones in humans, rodents, and other vertebrates. These advancements in oral biology have elicited an enormous interest among investigators to translate the fundamental discoveries on the GH/IGF axis into innovative strategies for targeted oral tissue therapies with local treatments, associated or not with materials, for orthodontics and the repair and regeneration of the dento-alveolar complex and oral bones.
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16
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Rubio I, White FJ, Spicer LJ, Wettemann RP. Postpartum nutrition affects the insulin-like growth factor system in dominant follicles and plasma of anestrous beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 229:106760. [PMID: 33962315 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of nutrition on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), and insulin in plasma and dominant follicles were evaluated at day 72 and 56 (Exp. 1, n = 12 and Exp. 2, n = 28, respectively) postpartum in anovulatory primiparous beef cows. Cows were stratified based on body condition score at calving and randomly assigned to nutritional treatments: maintain (M), 2.27 kg of a 40 % CP supplement per day and ad libitum hay; or gain (G), ad libitum access to a 50 % concentrate diet and ad libitum hay. Blood samples were collected twice weekly starting 30 days postpartum. Ovarian follicles were evaluated using ultrasonography commencing 42 (Exp. 1) or 30 (Exp. 2) days postpartum. Body weight and condition score were greater (P < 0.05) for cows of G than M groups and postpartum interval to luteal function was longer for cows of the M than G group. Insulin and IGF-I concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and plasma were greater (P < 0.05) for cows of the G than M group at follicular aspiration. Plasma and FF IGFBP4 and IGFBP5 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in Exp. 2, and IGFBP5 was greater in Exp. 1 for cows of the G than M group. Treatment did not affect FF steroid concentrations or granulosal cell CYP19A1, PAPPA, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 mRNA abundance. These results indicate concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 in FF and plasma are affected by nutritional intake and may be related to follicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - F J White
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - R P Wettemann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Rubio L, Vargas A, Rivera P, López-Gambero AJ, Tovar R, Christians JK, Martín-de-Las-Heras S, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Chowen JA, Argente J, Suárez J. Recombinant IGF-1 Induces Sex-Specific Changes in Bone Composition and Remodeling in Adult Mice with Pappa2 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4048. [PMID: 33919940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), an IGF-1 availability regulator, causes postnatal growth failure and dysregulation of bone size and density. The present study aimed to determine the effects of recombinant murine IGF-1 (rmIGF-1) on bone composition and remodeling in constitutive Pappa2 knock-out (ko/ko) mice. To address this challenge, X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and gene expression analysis of members of the IGF-1 system and bone resorption/formation were performed. Pappa2ko/ko mice (both sexes) had reduced body and bone length. Male Pappa2ko/ko mice had specific alterations in bone composition (mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution and mineral crystallinity), but not in bone remodeling. In contrast, decreases in collagen maturity and increases in Igfbp3, osteopontin (resorption) and osteocalcin (formation) characterized the bone of Pappa2ko/ko females. A single rmIGF-1 administration (0.3 mg/kg) induced short-term changes in bone composition in Pappa2ko/ko mice (both sexes). rmIGF-1 treatment in Pappa2ko/ko females also increased collagen maturity, and Igfbp3, Igfbp5, Col1a1 and osteopontin expression. In summary, acute IGF-1 treatment modifies bone composition and local IGF-1 response to bone remodeling in mice with Pappa2 deficiency. These effects depend on sex and provide important insights into potential IGF-1 therapy for growth failure and bone loss and repair.
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Ruan W, Deng J, Ying K. Novel Aspects of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/insulin Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7256-7263. [PMID: 31724496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191113140826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At least a proportion of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory airway diseases respond poorly to the bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapies. There is a need for the development of improved anti-inflammatory treatment. Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin participate in not only metabolism and glucose homeostasis, but also many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including growth and inflammation. Recently, it was shown that not only the classical IGF1 and IGF1 Receptor (IGF1R), but also the other molecules in the IGF1/insulin network, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP protease, have roles in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into recent endeavors devoted to the role of the IGF1/insulin network in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Its participation in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR), as well as acute exacerbation, has been conclusively demonstrated. Its possible relation to glucocorticoid insensitivity has also been indicated. A better understanding of the IGF1/insulin network by further bench-to-bedside research may provide us with rational clinical therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bailes J, Soloviev M. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Its Monitoring in Medical Diagnostic and in Sports. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020217. [PMID: 33557137 PMCID: PMC7913862 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the principal mediator of growth hormone (GH), plays a crucial role in promoting cell growth and differentiation in childhood and continues to have an anabolic effect in adults. IGF-1 is part of a wide network of growth factors, receptors and binding proteins involved in mediating cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Bioavailability of IGF-1 is affected by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) which bind IGF-1 in circulation with an affinity equal to or greater than that of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). The six IGFBPs serve as carrier proteins and bind approximately 98% of all circulating IGF-1. Other proteins known to bind IGF-1 include ten IGFBP-related proteins (IGFBP-rPs), albeit with lower affinities than the IGFBPs. IGF-1 expression levels vary in a number of clinical conditions suggesting it has the potential to provide crucial information as to the state of an individual’s health. IGF-1 is also a popular doping agent in sport and has featured in many high-profile doping cases in recent years. However, the existence of IGFBPs significantly reduces the levels of immunoreactive IGF-1 in samples, requiring multiple pre-treatment steps that reduce reproducibility and complicates interpretation of IGF-1 assay results. Here we provide an overview of the IGF network of growth factors, their receptors and the entirety of the extended family of IGFBPs, IGFBP-rPs, E peptides as well as recombinant IGF-1 and their derivatives. We also discuss issues related to the detection and quantification of bioavailable IGF-1.
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Moon JS, Nam YS, Kang JH, Yang DW, Kim DY, Lee SY, Ko HM, Kim MS, Kim SH. Regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in odontogenic mineralization in rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:63-75. [PMID: 33141361 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Much information is currently available for molecules in early odontogenesis, but there is limited knowledge regarding terminal cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts for the determination of normal crown morphology. The present differential display PCR (DD-PCR) revealed that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) was differentially expressed in molar tooth germs between the cap (before crown mineralization) and root formation (after crown mineralization) stages. Real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of IGFBP1-4 were not significantly changed but those of IGFBP5-7 were upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Immunoreactivities for IGFBP5-7 were hardly seen in molar germs at the cap/early bell stage and protective-stage ameloblasts at the root formation stage. However, the reactivity was strong in odontoblasts and maturation-stage ameloblasts, which are morphologically and functionally characterized by wide intercellular space and active enamel matrix mineralization. The localization of each IGFBP was temporospatial. IGFBP5 was localized in the nuclei of fully differentiated odontoblasts and ameloblasts, while IGFBP6 was localized in the apical cytoplasm of ameloblasts and odontoblasts with dentinal tubules, and IGFBP7 was mainly found in the whole cytoplasm of odontoblasts and the intercellular space of ameloblasts. IGFBP silencing using specific siRNAs upregulated representative genes for dentinogenesis and amelogenesis, such as DMP1 and amelogenin, respectively, and augmented the differentiation media-induced mineralization, which was confirmed by alizarin red s and alkaline phosphatase staining. These results suggest that IGFBP5-7 may play independent and redundant regulatory roles in late-stage odontogenesis by modulating the functional differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Moon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sung Nam
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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Bitoque DB, Morais J, Oliveira AV, Sequeira RL, Calado SM, Fortunato TM, Simão S, Rosa da Costa AM, Silva GA. Human-derived NLS enhance the gene transfer efficiency of chitosan. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20201026. [PMID: 33305307 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear import is considered as one of the major limitations for non-viral gene delivery systems and the incorporation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) that mediate nuclear intake can be used as a strategy to enhance internalization of exogenous DNA. In this work, human-derived endogenous NLS peptides based on insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), namely IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, were tested for their ability to improve nuclear translocation of genetic material by non-viral vectors. Several strategies were tested to determine their effect on chitosan mediated transfection efficiency: co-administration with polyplexes, co-complexation at the time of polyplex formation, and covalent ligation to chitosan. Our results show that co-complexation and covalent ligation of the NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-3 to chitosan polyplexes yields a 2-fold increase in transfection efficiency, which was not observed for NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-5. These results indicate that the integration of IGFBP-NLS-3 peptides into polyplexes has potential as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of non-viral vectors.
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Cleveland BM, Habara S, Oikawa J, Radler LM, Shimizu M. Compensatory Response of the Somatotropic Axis from IGFBP-2b Gene Editing in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121488. [PMID: 33322039 PMCID: PMC7763687 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout with gene editing-induced reductions in serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2b exhibit similar growth performance compared to fish without IGFBP-2b gene disruption. The objective of this study is to determine how the components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGFBP system respond to a reduction in serum IGFBP-2b abundance. Editing the IGFBP-2b genes in rainbow trout resulted in an 83% decrease in serum IGFBP-2b in mutants. This resulted in a 35% reduction in serum IGF-I, which was offset by reduced expression of hepatic igfbp-1a2 and increased muscle igfr-1a; these responses suggest that an increased IGF-I signaling capacity offset reductions in serum IGF-I. During feed deprivation, the differential expression of igfbp genes supports the attenuation of the growth inhibitory response, likely due to the further reduction in serum IGF-I that alleviated the need for an IGF-inhibitory response. Unique igfbp expression patterns occurred during refeeding, suggesting an enhanced IGF-I signaling capacity in controls. Collectively, these findings support that the role of IGFBP-2b is to regulate serum IGF-I concentrations. The compensatory regulation of IGF/IGFBP system genes indicates that adjustments in other IGFBP, both circulating and at the local level, maintain IGF-I signaling at a level appropriate for the nutritional state of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Leetown, WV 25430, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1304-724-8340 (ext. 2133)
| | - Shiori Habara
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; (S.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Jin Oikawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; (S.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Lisa M. Radler
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Leetown, WV 25430, USA;
| | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan;
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Beatty AE, Schwartz TS. Gene expression of the IGF hormones and IGF binding proteins across time and tissues in a model reptile. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:423-434. [PMID: 32776803 PMCID: PMC7509249 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00059.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like signaling (IIS) network regulates cellular processes including pre- and postnatal growth, cellular development, wound healing, reproduction, and longevity. Despite their importance in the physiology of vertebrates, the study of the specific functions of the top regulators of the IIS network, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), has been mostly limited to a few model organisms. To expand our understanding of this network, we performed quantitative gene expression of IGF hormones in liver and qualitative expression of IGFBPs across tissues and developmental stages in a model reptile, the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). We found that lizards express IGF2 across all life stages (preoviposition embryos to adulthood) and at a higher level than IGF1, which is opposite to patterns seen in laboratory rodents but similar to those seen in humans and other vertebrate models. IGFBP expression was ubiquitous across tissues (brain, gonad, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, tail, and regenerating tail) in adults, apart from IGFBP5, which was variable. These findings provide an essential foundation for further developing the anole lizard as a physiological and biomedical reptile model, as well as expanding our understanding of the function of the IIS network across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Tonia S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Beside the pulmonary vasoconstriction observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), severe proliferative and antiapoptotic cellular phenotypes result in vascular remodelling. Many recent findings indicate similarities between PAH and tumour pathology. For instance, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling, which is known to promote tumour development, is implicated in PAH. Higher circulating IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 levels are associated with worse survival in PAH. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of various tumour-related biomarkers and PAH. Methods: IGFBP-1, -2 and -7, along with other tumour-related biomarkers, were measured in plasma from 48 treatment-naïve PAH patients and 16 healthy controls, using proximity extension assays. Among the PAH patients, 33 were also studied at an early treatment follow-up. Results: Plasma IGFBP-1 (p < .003), IGFBP-2 (p < .001), IGFBP-7 (p < .008), vimentin (p < .001), carbonic anhydrase 9 (p < .001), S100A11 (p < .001), human epididymis protein 4 (p < .001) and folate receptor-α (p < .004) were elevated in PAH, compared to controls. IGFBP-1 exhibited the most interesting correlations to clinical parameters and was selected for further analyses. IGFBP-1 correlated specifically to N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.44, p < .002), mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.41, p < .004), venous oxygen saturation (r = -0.43, p < .003), cardiac index (r = -0.32, p < .03) and 6-minute walking distance (r = -0.29, p < .05). Plasma IGFBP-1 also correlated to risk scores based on the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) PAH guidelines (r = 0.43, p < .003) and the REVEAL model (r = 0.46, p < .001). PAH patients with supra-median baseline IGFBP-1 levels showed a trend for worse overall survival than those with infra-median levels (p = .087). IGFBP-1 was unaltered between baseline and an early treatment follow-up. However, IGFBP-1 changes, between baseline and follow-up, correlated to changes in NT-proBNP (r = 0.48, p < .006). Conclusion: Plasma IGFBP-1 levels at PAH diagnosis show moderate association to NT-proBNP and hemodynamics as well as with ESC/ERS and REVEAL risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Bouzina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO. Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Rådegran
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO. Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Walz M, Chau L, Walz C, Sawitzky M, Ohde D, Brenmoehl J, Tuchscherer A, Langhammer M, Metzger F, Höflich C, Hoeflich A. Overlap of Peak Growth Activity and Peak IGF-1 to IGFBP Ratio: Delayed Increase of IGFBPs versus IGF-1 in Serum as a Mechanism to Speed up and down Postnatal Weight Gain in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061516. [PMID: 32580353 PMCID: PMC7348928 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in transgenic mice has clearly revealed inhibitory effects on somatic growth. However, by this approach, it cannot be solved if or how IGFBPs rule insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent growth under normal conditions. In order to address this question, we have used growth-selected mouse models (obese and lean) and studied IGF-1 and IGFBPs in serum with respect to longitudinal growth activity in males and females compared with unselected controls. In mice of both genders, body weights were recorded and daily weight gains were calculated. Between 2 and 54 weeks of age, serum IGF-1 was determined by ELISA and intact IGFBP-2, -3 and -4 were quantified by Western ligand blotting. The molar ratio of IGF-1 to the sum of IGFBP-2 to -4 was calculated for all groups and plotted against the daily weight gain curve. Growth-selected mice are characterized by higher daily weight gains and extended periods of elevated growth activity if compared to matched unselected controls. Therefore, adult mice from the obese and lean groups can achieve more than twofold increased body weight in both genders (p < 0.001). Between 2 and 11 weeks of age, in obese and lean mice of both genders, serum IGF-1 concentrations are increased more prominently if compared to unselected controls (p < 0.001). Instead, substantial decreases of IGFBPs, particularly of IGFBP-2, are observed in males and females of all groups at the age of 2 to 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Due to the strong increase of IGF-1 but not of IGFBPs between two and four weeks of age, the ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP-2 to -4 in serum significantly increased in all groups and genders (p < 0.05). Notably, the IGF-1 to IGFBP ratio was higher in male and female obese mice if compared to unselected controls (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Luong Chau
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Christina Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Mandy Sawitzky
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Daniela Ohde
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18197 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18197 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | | | | | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.W.); (L.C.); (C.W.); (M.S.); (D.O.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)38208-68744; Fax: +49-(0)38208-68-702
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Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins are part of a complex network that regulates cell proliferation and survival. While this system is undoubtedly important in prenatal development and postnatal cell growth, members of this family have been implicated in several different cancer types. Increased circulating insulin and IGF ligands have been linked to increased risk of cancer incidence. This observation has led to targeting the IGF system as a therapeutic strategy in a number of cancers. This chapter aims to describe the well-characterized biology of the IGF1R system, outline the rationale for targeting this system in cancer, summarize the clinical data as it stands, and discuss where we can go from here.
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Tiemann J, Wagner T, Vanakker OM, van Gils M, Cabrera JLB, Ibold B, Faust I, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Cellular and Molecular Biomarkers Indicate Premature Aging in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Patients. Aging Dis 2020; 11:536-546. [PMID: 32489700 PMCID: PMC7220280 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes of aging are very heterogenic and not fully understood. Studies on rare progeria syndromes, which display an accelerated progression of physiological aging, can help to get a better understanding. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene shares some molecular characteristics with such premature aging diseases. Thus, this is the first study trying to broaden the knowledge of aging processes in PXE patients. In this study, we investigated aging associated biomarkers in primary human dermal fibroblasts and sera from PXE patients compared to healthy controls. Determination of serum concentrations of the aging biomarkers eotaxin-1 (CCL11), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) showed no significant differences between PXE patients and healthy controls. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of PXE patients older than 45 years compared to the appropriate control group. Tissue specific gene expression of GDF11 and IGFBP3 were significantly decreased in fibroblasts from PXE patients compared to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). IGFBP3 protein concentration in supernatants of fibroblasts from PXE patients were decreased compared to NHDF but did not reach statistical significance due to potential gender specific variations. The minor changes in concentration of circulating aging biomarkers in sera of PXE patients and the significant aberrant tissue specific expression seen for selected factors in PXE fibroblasts, suggests a link between ABCC6 deficiency and accelerated aging processes in affected peripheral tissues of PXE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tiemann
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias van Gils
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José-Luis Bueno Cabrera
- 3Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Bettina Ibold
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Isabel Faust
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Scalia P, Giordano A, Williams SJ. The IGF-II-Insulin Receptor Isoform-A Autocrine Signal in Cancer: Actionable Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E366. [PMID: 32033443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor overexpression is a common event in human cancer. Its overexpression is associated with a relative increase in the expression of its isoform A (IRA), a shorter variant lacking 11 aa in the extracellular domain, conferring high affinity for the binding of IGF-II along with added intracellular signaling specificity for this ligand. Since IGF-II is secreted by the vast majority of malignant solid cancers, where it establishes autocrine stimuli, the co-expression of IGF-II and IRA in cancer provides specific advantages such as apoptosis escape, growth, and proliferation to those cancers bearing such a co-expression pattern. However, little is known about the exact role of this autocrine ligand–receptor system in sustaining cancer malignant features such as angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The recent finding that the overexpression of angiogenic receptor kinase EphB4 along with VEGF-A is tightly dependent on the IGF-II/IRA autocrine system independently of IGFIR provided new perspectives for all malignant IGF2omas (those aggressive solid cancers secreting IGF-II). The present review provides an updated view of the IGF system in cancer, focusing on the biology of the autocrine IGF-II/IRA ligand–receptor axis and supporting its underscored role as a malignant-switch checkpoint target.
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Rosique-Oramas D, Martínez-Castillo M, Raya A, Medina-Ávila Z, Aragón F, Limón-Castillo J, Hernández-Barragán A, Santoyo A, Montalvo-Javé E, Pérez-Hernández JL, Higuera-de la Tijera F, Torre A, Kershenobich D, Gutiérrez-Reyes G. Production of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins during the development of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis C. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2019; 85:390-398. [PMID: 31740166 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Insulin-like growth factor 1 is modulated by the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are synthesized in the liver. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of IGFBPs 1-7 in patients with chronic hepatitis C and study their association with fibrosis stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted that included patients with chronic hepatitis C. The stages of fibrosis were determined through FibroTest and FibroScan and the patients were compared with a control group. Serum levels of IGFBPs 1-7 were quantified through multiple suspension arrays. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and ROC curves were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Upon comparing the patients and controls, the highest concentrations were found in IGFBPs 1, 2, 4, and 7 (p=0.02, p=0.002, p=0.008, and p<0.001, respectively). IGFBP-3 levels had a tendency to be lower in the patients (p=0.066), whereas values were similar between patients and controls for IGFBP-5 and 6 (p=0.786 and p=0.244, respectively). Of the seven IGFBPs, IGFBP-3 concentrations were the highest. There were significant differences between fibrosis stages for IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-7. CONCLUSION IGFBPs play a relevant role in the fibrotic process in liver damage. IGFBP-7, in particular, differentiates fibrosis stages, making it a potential serum biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rosique-Oramas
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Martínez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Raya
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Z Medina-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Aragón
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Limón-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Hernández-Barragán
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Santoyo
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Montalvo-Javé
- Clínica Hepato-Pancreato-Biliar, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J L Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Higuera-de la Tijera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Torre
- Unidad de Hepatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - D Kershenobich
- Unidad de Hepatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Gutiérrez-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.
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Lewitt MS, Boyd GW. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System. Biochem Insights 2019; 12:1178626419842176. [PMID: 31024217 PMCID: PMC6472167 DOI: 10.1177/1178626419842176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches. In developing new therapies, interaction with IGF-binding proteins and other growth factor signalling pathways should be considered. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Gary W Boyd
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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Slater T, Haywood NJ, Matthews C, Cheema H, Wheatcroft SB. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and angiogenesis: from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:28-35. [PMID: 30954375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated activity that is vital during embryonic development and for normal physiological repair processes and reproduction in healthy adults. Pathological angiogenesis is a driving force behind a variety of diseases including cancer and retinopathies, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a therapeutic option that has been the subject of much research, with several inhibitory agents now available for medical therapy. Conversely, therapeutic angiogenesis has been mooted as having significant potential in the treatment of ischemic conditions such as angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease, but so far there has been less translation from lab to bedside. The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are a family of seven proteins essential for the binding and transport of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). It is being increasingly recognised that IGFBPs have a significant role beyond simply modulating IGF activity, with evidence of both IGF dependent and independent actions through a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, the action of the IGFBPs can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the cell type and environment. Specifically the IGFBPs have been heavily implicated in angiogenesis, both pathological and physiological, and they have significant promise as targeted cell therapy agents for both pathological angiogenesis inhibition and therapeutic angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In this short review we will explore the current understanding of the individual impact of each IGFBP on angiogenesis, and the pathways through which these effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Slater
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Harneet Cheema
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Christians JK, Amiri N, Schipilow JD, Zhang SW, May-Rashke KI. Pappa2 deletion has sex- and age-specific effects on bone in mice. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 44:6-10. [PMID: 30445407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding pregnancy-associated pregnancy protein-A2 cause short stature and slightly reduced bone density. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of Pappa2 deletion on bone in mice. DESIGN Pappa2 deletion mice and littermate controls were culled at 10, 19 or 30 weeks of age and femurs were analysed by micro-computed tomography. Serum markers of bone turnover and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), a proteolytic target of PAPP-A2, were measured by ELISA. RESULTS At 10 and 19 weeks of age, Pappa2 deletion mice had slightly reduced trabecular parameters, but by 19 weeks of age, female deletion mice had increased cortical tissue mineral density, and this trait was increased by a small amount in deletion mice of both sexes at 30 weeks. Cortical area fraction was increased in Pappa2 deletion mice at all ages. Deletion of Pappa2 increased circulating IGFBP-5 levels and reduced markers of bone turnover (PINP and TRACP 5b). CONCLUSIONS PAPP-A2 contributes to the regulation of bone structure and mass in mice, likely through control of IGFBP-5 levels. The net effect of changes in bone formation and resorption depend on sex and age, and differ between trabecular and cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
| | - Neilab Amiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
| | - John D Schipilow
- Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics, Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Steven W Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
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Weigert C, Hoene M, Plomgaard P. Hepatokines-a novel group of exercise factors. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:383-396. [PMID: 30338347 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity not only improves the exercise capacity of the skeletal muscle performing the contractions, but it is beneficial for the whole body. An extensive search for "exercise factors" mediating these beneficial effects has been going on for decades. Particularly skeletal muscle tissue has been investigated as a source of circulating exercise factors, and several myokines have been identified. However, exercise also has an impact on other tissues. The liver is interposed between energy storing and energy utilising tissues and is highly active during exercise, maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, a novel group of exercise factors-termed hepatokines-has emerged. These proteins (fibroblast growth factor 21, follistatin, angiopoietin-like protein 4, heat shock protein 72, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1) are released from the liver and increased in the bloodstream during or in the recovery after an exercise bout. In this narrative review, we evaluate this new group of exercise factors focusing on the regulation and potential function in exercise metabolism and adaptations. These hepatokines may convey some of the beneficial whole-body effects of exercise that could ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Str. 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Str. 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang ZY, Ragsdale CW. Multiple optic gland signaling pathways implicated in octopus maternal behaviors and death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.185751. [PMID: 30104305 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-reproductive life in the female octopus is characterized by an extreme pattern of maternal care: the mother cares for her clutch of eggs without feeding until her death. These maternal behaviors are eradicated if the optic glands, the octopus analog of the vertebrate pituitary gland, are removed from brooding females. Despite the optic gland's importance in regulating maternal behavior, the molecular features underlying optic gland function are unknown. Here, we identify major signaling systems of the Octopus bimaculoides optic gland. Through behavioral analyses and transcriptome sequencing, we report that the optic gland undergoes remarkable molecular changes that coincide with transitions between behavioral stages. These include the dramatic upregulation and downregulation of catecholamine, steroid, insulin and feeding peptide pathways. Transcriptome analyses in other tissues demonstrate that these molecular changes are not generalized markers of senescence, but instead, specific features of the optic glands. Our study expands the classic optic gland-pituitary gland analogy and more specifically, it indicates that, rather than a single 'self-destruct' hormone, the maternal optic glands employ multiple pathways as systemic hormonal signals of behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Clifton W Ragsdale
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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35
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Smyth LCD, Rustenhoven J, Park TIH, Schweder P, Jansson D, Heppner PA, O'Carroll SJ, Mee EW, Faull RLM, Curtis M, Dragunow M. Unique and shared inflammatory profiles of human brain endothelia and pericytes. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:138. [PMID: 29751771 PMCID: PMC5948925 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes and endothelial cells are critical cellular components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and play an important role in neuroinflammation. To date, the majority of inflammation-related studies in endothelia and pericytes have been carried out using immortalised cell lines or non-human-derived cells. Whether these are representative of primary human cells is unclear and systematic comparisons of the inflammatory responses of primary human brain-derived pericytes and endothelia has yet to be performed. METHODS To study the effects of neuroinflammation at the BBB, primary brain endothelial cells and pericytes were isolated from human biopsy tissue. Culture purity was examined using qPCR and immunocytochemistry. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) was used to determine the barrier properties of endothelial and pericyte cultures. Using immunocytochemistry, cytometric bead array, and ECIS, we compared the responses of endothelia and pericytes to a panel of inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β, TNFα, LPS, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-4). Secretome analysis was performed to identify unique secretions of endothelia and pericytes in response to IL-1β. RESULTS Endothelial cells were pure, moderately proliferative, retained the expression of BBB-related junctional proteins and transporters, and generated robust TEER. Both endothelia and pericytes have the same pattern of transcription factor activation in response to inflammatory stimuli but respond differently at the secretion level. Secretome analysis confirmed that endothelia and pericytes have overlapping but distinct secretome profiles in response to IL-1β. We identified several cell-type specific responses, including G-CSF and GM-CSF (endothelial-specific), and IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 (pericyte-specific). Finally, we demonstrated that direct addition of IL-1β, TNFα, LPS, and IL-4 contributed to the loss of endothelial barrier integrity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identify important cell-type differences in the inflammatory response of brain pericytes and endothelia and provide, for the first time, a comprehensive profile of the secretions of primary human brain endothelia and pericytes which has implications for understanding how inflammation affects the cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C D Smyth
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I-H Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Schweder
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Deidre Jansson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Heppner
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Edward W Mee
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maurice Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Rinker TE, Philbrick BD, Hettiaratchi MH, Smalley DM, McDevitt TC, Temenoff JS. Microparticle-mediated sequestration of cell-secreted proteins to modulate chondrocytic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:125-136. [PMID: 29292168 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein delivery is often used in tissue engineering applications to control differentiation processes, but is limited by protein instability and cost. An alternative approach is to control the cellular microenvironment through biomaterial-mediated sequestration of cell-secreted proteins important to differentiation. Thus, we utilized heparin-based microparticles to modulate cellular differentiation via protein sequestration in an in vitro model system of endochondral ossification. Heparin and poly(ethylene-glycol) (PEG; a low-binding material control)-based microparticles were incorporated into ATDC5 cell spheroids or incubated with ATDC5 cells in transwell culture. Reduced differentiation was observed in the heparin microparticle group as compared to PEG and no microparticle-containing groups. To determine if observed changes were due to sequestration of cell-secreted protein, the proteins sequestered by heparin microparticles were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. It was found that heparin microparticles bound insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP)-3 and 5. When incubated with a small-molecule inhibitor of IGFBPs, NBI 31772, a similar delay in differentiation of ATDC5 cells was observed. These results indicate that heparin microparticles modulated chondrocytic differentiation in this system via sequestration of cell-secreted protein, a technique that could be beneficial in the future as a means to control cellular differentiation processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we present a proof-of-principle set of experiments in which heparin-based microparticles are shown to modulate cellular differentiation through binding of cell-secreted protein. Unlike existing systems that rely on expensive protein with limited half-lives to elicit changes in cellular behavior, this technique focuses on temporal modulation of cell-generated proteins. This technique also provides a biomaterials-based method that can be used to further identify sequestered proteins of interest. Thus, this work indicates that glycosaminoglycan-based biomaterial approaches could be used as substitutes or additions to traditional methods for modulating and identifying the cell-secreted proteins involved in directing cellular behavior.
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Hoeflich A, Pintar J, Forbes B. Editorial: Current Perspectives on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein ( IGFBP) Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 30515130 PMCID: PMC6255849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Hoeflich
| | - John Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- John Pintar
| | - Briony Forbes
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Briony Forbes
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Hoeflich A, David R, Hjortebjerg R. Current IGFBP-Related Biomarker Research in Cardiovascular Disease-We Need More Structural and Functional Information in Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:388. [PMID: 30061864 PMCID: PMC6054974 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death around the world and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system has multiple functions for the pathological conditions of atherosclerosis. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are widely investigated as biomarkers for pathological disorders, including those of the heart. At the tissue level, IGFBP-1 to -6 decrease bioactivity of IGF-I and -II due to their high affinity IGF-binding sites. By contrast, in the circulation, the IGFBPs increase biological half-life of the IGFs and may therefore be regarded as positive regulators of IGF-effects. The IGFBPs may also exert IGF-independent functions inside or outside the cell. Importantly, the circulating IGFBP-concentrations are regulated by trophic, metabolic, and reproductive hormones. In a multitude of studies of healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart diseases, various significant associations between circulating IGFBP-levels and defined parameters have been reported. However, the complex hormonal and conditional control of IGFBPs may explain the lack of clear associations between IGFBPs and parameters of cardiac failure in broader studies including larger populations. Furthermore, the IGFBPs are subject to posttranslational modifications and proteolytic degradation by proteases, upon which the IGFs are released. In this review, we emphasize that, with the exception of IGFBP-4 and in sharp contrast to the preclinical studies, virtually all clinical studies do not have structural or functional information on their biomarker. The use of analytical systems with no discriminatory potential toward intact vs. fragmented IGFBPs represents a major issue in IGFBP-related biomarker research and an important focus point for the future. Overall, measurements of selected IGFBPs or more complex IGFBP-signatures of the family of IGFBPs have potential to identify pathophysiological alterations in the heart or patients with high cardiovascular risk, particularly if defined cohorts are to be assessed. However, a more thorough understanding of the dynamic IGF-IGFBP system as well as its proteases and protease inhibitors in both normal physiology and in cardiovascular diseases is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Department of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Andreas Hoeflich
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rikke Hjortebjerg
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Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue in children with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the chromosomal translocation between EWS and an Ets family transcription factor, most commonly FLI-1. EWS-FLI-1 fusion accounts for 85% of Ewing sarcoma cases. EWS-FLI-1 regulates the expression of a number of genes important for sarcomagenesis, can transform NIH3T3 and C3H10T1/2 cells, and is necessary for proliferation and tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells, suggesting that EWS-FLI-1 is the causative oncoprotein. Here we report that EWS-FLI-1 induces the expression of pappalysin-1 (PAPPA), a cell surface protease that degrades IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and increases the bioavailability of IGF. EWS-FLI-1 binds to the pappalysin-1 gene promoter and stimulates the expression of pappalysin-1, leading to degradation of IGFBPs and enhanced IGF signaling. Silencing of pappalysin-1 strongly inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth as well as xenograft tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells. These results suggest that EWS-FLI-1 creates a cell surface microenvironment conducive to IGF signaling by inducing pappalysin-1, which emerged as a novel target to inhibit IGF signaling in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Jayabal
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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40
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Moreno-Santos I, Castellano-Castillo D, Lara MF, Fernandez-Garcia JC, Tinahones FJ, Macias-Gonzalez M. IGFBP-3 Interacts with the Vitamin D Receptor in Insulin Signaling Associated with Obesity in Visceral Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2349. [PMID: 29112142 PMCID: PMC5713318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has traditionally only been considered as an energy storage organ. Nevertheless, the importance of this tissue in systemic physiology and, especially, in systemic inflammation has been highlighted in recent years. Adipose tissue expresses proteins related to vitamin D (VD) metabolism, and it has been proposed that it can act as a VD storage tissue. The active form of VD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)₂D₃), is able to modify adipocyte and adipose tissue physiology via the VD receptor (VDR), decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue. Moreover, VD deficiency and VDR has been reported to be associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the results of the different studies are not conclusive. Insulin growth binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been identified in adipose tissue, but their roles are poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the plasma levels of VD and the gene expression of VDR in the adipose tissue of subjects with morbid obesity (MO) and with different degrees of insulin resistance (IR), as well as the functionality of direct interaction between IGFBP-3 and VDR, which could explain its inhibitory role in adipogenesis. Our results show a novel role of the VD system in the regulation and activation of IGFBP-3 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with MO, as a new and alternative mechanism proposed in the insulin signaling associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Moreno-Santos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Fernanda Lara
- Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco Jose Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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41
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Abstract
In the recent years, managed to broadly explore the structure and role of insulin-like growth factors type 1 and 2 (IGF1 I 2). They belong to the structure of polypeptide hormones homologous to proinsulin. They are characterized by a wide range of activities. IGF-1 is a key mediator of most tissue effects of growth hormone (GH). In addition to effects on growth processes of the body, is also an important factor for cell homeostasis, is subject to both endocrine and tissue-specific auto- and paracrine regulation. In this paper, the current, general knowledge on the structure, function and mechanism of biological effects of IGF-1 in the human body was presented. Attention was also drawn to the directions of use of IGf-1 in the treatment of other diseases than the diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary and growth disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Filus
- Poradnia Endokrynologiczna, Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Zygmunt Zdrojewicz
- Klinika Endokrynologii, Diabetologii i Leczenia Izotopami, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
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42
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Neuzillet Y, Chapeaublanc E, Krucker C, De Koning L, Lebret T, Radvanyi F, Bernard-Pierrot I. IGF1R activation and the in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of IGF1R inhibitor are inversely correlated with IGFBP5 expression in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:636. [PMID: 28882129 PMCID: PMC5588742 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin growth factor (IGF) pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer. We characterized the expression of components of the IGF pathway — insulin growth factor receptors (INSR, IGF1R, IGF2R), ligands (INS, IGF1, IGF2), and binding proteins (IGFBP1–7, IGF2BP1–3) — in bladder cancer and its correlation with IGF1R activation, and the anti-proliferative efficacy of an IGF1R kinase inhibitor in this setting. Methods We analyzed transcriptomic data from two independent bladder cancer datasets, corresponding to 200 tumoral and five normal urothelium samples. We evaluated the activation status of the IGF pathway in bladder tumors, by assessing IGF1R phosphorylation and evaluating its correlation with mRNA levels for IGF pathway components. We finally evaluated the correlation between inhibition of proliferation by a selective inhibitor of the IGF1R kinase (AEW541), reported in 13 bladder cancer derived cell lines by the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia Consortium and mRNA levels for IGF pathway components. Results IGF1R expression and activation were stronger in non-muscle-invasive than in muscle-invasive bladder tumors. There was a significant inverse correlation between IGF1R phosphorylation and IGFBP5 expression in tumors. Consistent with this finding, the inhibition of bladder cell line viability by IGF1R inhibitor was also inversely correlated with IGFBP5 expression. Conclusion The IGF pathway is activated and therefore a potential therapeutic target for non muscle-invasive bladder tumors and IGFBP5 could be used as a surrogate marker for predicting tumor sensitivity to anti-IGF therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3618-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Neuzillet
- Hôpital Foch, Département d'Urologie, 40 Rue Worth, 92151, Suresnes, France.,Université de Versailles - Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000, Versailles, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Krucker
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Leanne De Koning
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Cedex 05, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Lebret
- Hôpital Foch, Département d'Urologie, 40 Rue Worth, 92151, Suresnes, France.,Université de Versailles - Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR 144 CNRS/IC, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, 75248, Paris, France.
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43
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Abstract
The development of milk during evolution is considered a more recent step to provide the neonate with adequate amounts of energy, nutrients, and specific hormonal signals thereby, granting a fast and efficient rate of postnatal growth and development. Since the insulin- or the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) systems were evolved much earlier, it can be assumed that the functionality of the IGF-system has been integrated into the novel matrix milk containing casein and whey proteins from the beginnings. In fact, IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are abundantly present in milk, which is particularly true for fore-milk or colostrum and the potential effects of milk-borne IGF-compounds on the consuming organisms have in fact been addressed by several studies. Those studies examined, if orally administered IGFs can be absorbed by the consumer's gastro-intestinal tract and thus contribute e.g. to the somatic growth of infants. A second line of studies assessed local effects of milk-borne IGFs on growth and development of the gastro-intestinal tract itself. Finally, distinct functions of isolated IGF-compounds for growth and involution of the mammary gland have also been provided in the past. While the consumption of milk seems not to represent a major source of endogenous IGFs, accumulating evidence indicates secondary effects of milk on the endogenous IGF-system, which may be mediated by micronutrients such as branched amino acids and metabolic programming. By contrast, direct effects on growth and development of oesophageal and intestinal cells have been observed if IGFs were administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Zianka Meyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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44
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Shawe-Taylor M, Kumar JD, Holden W, Dodd S, Varga A, Giger O, Varro A, Dockray GJ. Glucagon-like petide-2 acts on colon cancer myofibroblasts to stimulate proliferation, migration and invasion of both myofibroblasts and cancer cells via the IGF pathway. Peptides 2017; 91:49-57. [PMID: 28363795 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation by acting, in part, via IGF release from sub-epithelial myofibroblasts. The response of myofibroblasts to GLP-2 remains incompletely understood. We studied the action of GLP-2 on myofibroblasts from colon cancer and adjacent tissue, and the effects of conditioned medium from these cells on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion. GLP-2 stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion of myofibroblasts and the proliferative and invasive responses of cancer-associated myofibroblasts were greater than those of myofibroblasts from adjacent tissue. The responses were inhibited by an IGF receptor inhibitor, AG1024. Conditioned medium from GLP-2 treated myofibroblasts increased proliferation, migration and invasion of SW480, HT29, LoVo epithelial cells and these responses were inhibited by AG1024; GLP-2 alone had no effect on these cells. In addition, when myofibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured in Ibidi chambers there was mutual stimulation of migration in response to GLP-2. The latter increased both IGF-1 and IGF-2 transcript abundance in myofibroblasts. Moreover, a number of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-4, -5, -7) were identified in myofibroblast medium; in the presence of GLP-2 there was increased abundance of the cleavage products of IGBBP-4 and IGFBP-5 suggesting activation of a degradation mechanism that might increase IGF bioavailability. The data suggest that GLP-2 stimulates cancer myofibroblast proliferation, migration and invasion; GLP-2 acts indirectly on epithelial cells partly via increased IGF expression in myofibroblasts and partly, perhaps, by increased bioavailability through degradation of IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Shawe-Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Whitney Holden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Dodd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Akos Varga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olivier Giger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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45
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Abstract
Why do studies on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF signaling seem so contradictory? The answer is "It depends". This mini- review will explore a few of the factors that are likely to contribute to a seemingly confusing message. Most of the evidence comes from experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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46
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Lappas M, Jinks D, Shub A, Willcox JC, Georgiou HM, Permezel M. Postpartum IGF-I and IGFBP-2 levels are prospectively associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab 2016; 42:442-7. [PMID: 27387739 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In the general population, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine if circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels 12weeks following a GDM pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. METHODS IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels were measured in 98 normal glucose tolerant women, 12weeks following an index GDM pregnancy using enzyme immunoassay. Women were assessed for up to 10years for the development of overt type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Among the 98 women with previous GDM, 21 (21%) developed diabetes during the median follow-up period of 8.5years. After adjusting for age and BMI, IGF-I and IGFBP-2 were significantly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. In a clinical model of prediction of type 2 diabetes that included age, BMI, pregnancy fasting glucose and postnatal fasting glucose, the addition of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 resulted in an improvement in the net reclassification index of 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS High postpartum IGF-I and low postpartum IGFBP-2 levels are a significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in women with a previous history of GDM. This is the first report that identifies IGF-I and IGFBP-2 as a potential biomarker for the prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of GDM.
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47
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Sharma A, Purohit S, Sharma S, Bai S, Zhi W, Ponny SR, Hopkins D, Steed L, Bode B, Anderson SW, She JX. IGF-Binding Proteins in Type-1 Diabetes Are More Severely Altered in the Presence of Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26858687 PMCID: PMC4731488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reduced levels of free and total insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been observed in type-1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The bioavailability of IGF-I from the circulation to the target cells is controlled by multifunctional IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The aim of this study was to profile serum IGFBPs in T1D and its complications. DESIGN We measured the IGFBP levels in 3662 patient serum samples from our ongoing Phenome and Genome of Diabetes Autoimmunity (PAGODA) study. IGFBP levels of four different groups of T1D patients (with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 complications) were compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Three serum IGFBPs (IGFBP-1, -2, and -6) are significantly higher in T1D patients, and these alterations are greater in the presence of diabetic complications. IGFBP-3 is lower in patients with diabetic complications. Analyses using quintiles revealed that risk of T1D complications increases with increasing concentrations of IGFBP-2 (fifth quintile ORs: 18-60, p < 10(-26)), IGFBP-1 (fifth quintile ORs: 8-20, p < 10(-15)), and IGFBP-6 (fifth quintile ORs: 3-148, p < 10(-3)). IGFBP-3 has a negative association with T1D complications (fifth quintile ORs: 0.12-0.25, p < 10(-5)). CONCLUSION We found that elevated serum levels of IGFBP-1, -2, and -6 were associated with T1D, and its complications and IGFBP-3 level was found to be decreased in T1D with complications. Given the known role of these IGFBPs, the overall impact of these alterations suggests a negative effect on IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Ashok Sharma,
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Diane Hopkins
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Leigh Steed
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce Bode
- Pediatric Endocrine Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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48
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Barucker C, Sommer A, Beckmann G, Eravci M, Harmeier A, Schipke CG, Brockschnieder D, Dyrks T, Althoff V, Fraser PE, Hazrati LN, George-Hyslop PS, Breitner JCS, Peters O, Multhaup G. Alzheimer amyloid peptide aβ42 regulates gene expression of transcription and growth factors. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:613-24. [PMID: 25318543 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides leading to deposition of senile plaques and a progressive decline of cognitive functions, which currently remains the main criterion for its diagnosis. Robust biomarkers for AD do not yet exist, although changes in the cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau and Aβ represent promising candidates in addition to brain imaging and genetic risk profiling. Although concentrations of soluble Aβ42 correlate with symptoms of AD, less is known about the biological activities of Aβ peptides which are generated from the amyloid-β protein precursor. An unbiased DNA microarray study showed that Aβ42, at sub-lethal concentrations, specifically increases expression of several genes in neuroblastoma cells, notably the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 and 5 (IGFBP3/5), the transcription regulator inhibitor of DNA binding, and the transcription factor Lim only domain protein 4. Using qRT-PCR, we confirmed that mRNA levels of the identified candidate genes were exclusively increased by the potentially neurotoxic Aβ42 wild-type peptide, as both the less toxic Aβ40 and a non-toxic substitution peptide Aβ42 G33A did not affect mRNA levels. In vivo immunohistochemistry revealed a corresponding increase in both hippocampal and cortical IGFBP5 expression in an AD mouse model. Proteomic analyses of human AD cerebrospinal fluid displayed increased in vivo concentrations of IGFBPs. IGFBPs and transcription factors, as identified here, are modulated by soluble Aβ42 and may represent useful early biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Barucker
- Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anette Sommer
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Murat Eravci
- Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Harmeier
- Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola G Schipke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Dyrks
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veit Althoff
- Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John C S Breitner
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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49
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Wallis M. Coevolution of insulin-like growth factors, insulin and their receptors and binding proteins in New World Monkeys. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:158-167. [PMID: 26072449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the evolution of both insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin shows an episode of accelerated change on the branch leading to New World Monkeys (NWM). Here the possibility that this is accompanied by a corresponding episode of accelerated evolution of IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (IR) and/or IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) was investigated. Analysis of receptor sequences from a range of primates and some non-primate mammals showed that accelerated evolution did indeed occur on this branch in the case of IGF1R and IR, but not for the similar insulin receptor-related receptor (IRRR) which does not bind insulin or IGF1. Marked accelerated evolution on this branch was also seen for some IGFBPs, but not the mannose 6-phosphate/IGF2 receptor or epidermal growth factor receptor. The rate of evolution slowed before divergence of the lineages leading to the NWM for which sequences are available (Callithrix and Saimiri). For the IGF1R and IR, the accelerated evolution was most marked for the extracellular domains (ectodomains). Application of the branch-site method showed dN/dS ratios significantly greater than 1.0 for both receptor ectodomains and for IGFBP1, and allowed identification of residues likely to have been subject to selection. These residues were concentrated in the N-terminal half of the IGF1R ectodomain but the C-terminal half of the IR ectodomain, which could have implications for the formation of hybrid receptors. Overall the results suggest that adaptive coevolution of IGF1, insulin and their receptors and some IGFBPs occurred during the evolution of NWM. For the most part, the residues that change on this branch could not be associated with specific functional aspects (ligand binding, receptor dimerization, glycosylation) and the physiological significance of this coevolution remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wallis
- Biochemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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50
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Lewitt MS, Dent MS, Hall K. The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1561-74. [PMID: 26237614 PMCID: PMC4470198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3041561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, acting in concert with other hormone axes, is important in normal metabolism. In obesity, the hyperinsulinaemia that accompanies peripheral insulin resistance leads to reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, while total IGF-I levels are relatively unchanged due to increased hepatic GH sensitivity. IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 levels are suppressed in relation to the increase in insulin levels in obesity and low levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes several years later. Visceral adiposity and hepatic steatosis, along with a chronic inflammation, contribute to the IGF system phenotype in individuals with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, including changes in the normal inverse relationship between IGFBP-1 and insulin, with IGFBP-1 concentrations that are inappropriately normal or elevated. The IGF system is implicated in the vascular and other complications of these disorders and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health Nursing & Midwifery, the University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Mairi S Dent
- School of Health Nursing & Midwifery, the University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Kerstin Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE171 76, Sweden.
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