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Guo P, Wu X, Yang M, Xue Y, Zhou J, Huang Z, Wu W, Wang J. Accelerated phase development in a late-onset adolescent Chediak-Higashi syndrome patient caused by compound novel LYST mutations in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 109:102874. [PMID: 39032214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe immunodeficiency, albinism and coagulation deficiency. Mostly diagnosed in early childhood, this devastating condition is associated with lysosomal abnormalities attributed to the absence or impaired function of lysosomal trafficking regulator caused by mutations in the CHS1/LYST gene. In current study, we report a case of late-onset CHS caused by two novel compound heterozygous CHS1/LYST mutations: c.8407C > T, leading to early termination of translation at residue Gln2803 (p. Gln2803Ter), and a small deletion c. 4020_4031del, resulting in an in-frame deletion of three amino acid residues (p. Asp1343_Val1346del). Both variants retain a large part of the CHS/LYST protein, particularly p. Asp1343_Val1346del, which preserves critical functional BEACH and WD40 domains in the C terminal, potentially maintaining residual activity and alleviating patient symptoms. The timeline of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rapid symptom progression suggests that the viral infection may have trigger the accelerated phase development leading to a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenman Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianbiao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Jakoby M, Stephan L, Heinemann B, Hülskamp M. Mutations in RABE1C suppress the spirrig mutant phenotype. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304001. [PMID: 38885274 PMCID: PMC11182498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant BEACH-domain protein SPIRRIG (SPI) is involved in regulating cell morphogenesis and salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, and Marchantia polymorpha and was reported to function in the context of two unrelated cellular processes: vesicular trafficking and P-body mediated RNA metabolism. To further explore the molecular function of SPI, we isolated a second-site mutant, specifically rescuing the spi mutant trichome phenotype. The molecular analysis of the corresponding gene revealed a dominant negative mutation in RABE1C, a ras-related small GTP-binding protein that localizes to Golgi. Taken together, our data identified the genetic interaction between RABE1C and SPI, which is beneficial for further dissecting the function of SPI in vesicle trafficking-associated cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jakoby
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Heinemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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Turner ME, Che J, Mirhaidari GJM, Kennedy CC, Blum KM, Rajesh S, Zbinden JC, Breuer CK, Best CA, Barker JC. The lysosomal trafficking regulator "LYST": an 80-year traffic jam. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404846. [PMID: 38774881 PMCID: PMC11106369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosome related organelles (LROs) are dynamic organelles at the intersection of various pathways involved in maintaining cellular hemostasis and regulating cellular functions. Vesicle trafficking of lysosomes and LROs are critical to maintain their functions. The lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) is an elusive protein important for the regulation of membrane dynamics and intracellular trafficking of lysosomes and LROs. Mutations to the LYST gene result in Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by defective granule exocytosis, cytotoxicity, etc. Despite eight decades passing since its initial discovery, a comprehensive understanding of LYST's function in cellular biology remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of LYST function also manifests in other disease states. Here, we review the available literature to consolidate available scientific endeavors in relation to LYST and discuss its relevance for immunomodulatory therapies, regenerative medicine and cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Turner
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jingru Che
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gabriel J. M. Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine C. Kennedy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin M. Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sahana Rajesh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jacob C. Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron A. Best
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jenny C. Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Morimoto M, Nicoli ER, Kuptanon C, Roney JC, Serra-Vinardell J, Sharma P, Adams DR, Gallin JI, Holland SM, Rosenzweig SD, Barbot J, Ciccone C, Huizing M, Toro C, Gahl WA, Introne WJ, Malicdan MCV. Spectrum of LYST mutations in Chediak-Higashi syndrome: a report of novel variants and a comprehensive review of the literature. J Med Genet 2024; 61:212-223. [PMID: 37788905 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by partial oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, immunological dysfunction and neurological impairment. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in LYST cause CHS. LYST encodes the lysosomal trafficking regulator, a highly conserved 429 kDa cytoplasmic protein with an unknown function. METHODS To further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CHS, we conducted clinical evaluations on individuals with CHS enrolled in our natural history study. Using genomic DNA Sanger sequencing, we identified novel pathogenic LYST variants. Additionally, we performed an extensive literature review to curate reported LYST variants and classified these novel and reported variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics/Association for Molecular Pathology variant interpretation guidelines. RESULTS Our investigation unveiled 11 novel pathogenic LYST variants in eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of CHS, substantiated by the presence of pathognomonic giant intracellular granules. From these novel variants, together with a comprehensive review of the literature, we compiled a total of 147 variants in LYST, including 61 frameshift variants (41%), 44 nonsense variants (30%), 23 missense variants (16%), 13 splice site variants or small genomic deletions for which the coding effect is unknown (9%), 5 in-frame variants (3%) and 1 start-loss variant (1%). Notably, a genotype-phenotype correlation emerged, whereby individuals harbouring at least one missense or in-frame variant generally resulted in milder disease, while those with two nonsense or frameshift variants generally had more severe disease. CONCLUSION The identification of novel pathogenic LYST variants and improvements in variant classification will provide earlier diagnoses and improved care to individuals with CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chulaluck Kuptanon
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Roney
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Prashant Sharma
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John I Gallin
- Clinical Pathophysiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose Barbot
- Unidade de Hematologia, Serviço de Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ohara RA, Murphy KM. Recent progress in type 1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both? Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102350. [PMID: 37276818 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) in vivo, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for in vivo XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I major histocompatibility complex loading compartment independently of cytosolic entry. Alternate proposals invoke phagosomal rupture, either constitutive or triggered by spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling in response to C-type lectin domain family 9 member A (CLEC9A) engagement, that releases antigens into the cytosol for proteasomal degradation. The Beige and Chediak-Higashi (BEACH) protein WD repeat- and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (WDFY4) is strictly required for XP of cell-associated antigens in vivo. However, the cellular mechanism for WDFY4 activity remains unknown and its requirement in XP in vivo is currently indifferent regarding the vacuolar versus cytosolic pathways. Here, we review the current status of these models and discuss the need for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray A Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital immunodeficiency, bleeding diathesis, pyogenic infection, partial oculocutaneous albinism, and progressive neurodegeneration. Treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation; however, this does not treat the neurologic aspect of the disease. Mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene were identified to be causative of Chediak-Higashi, but despite many analyses, there is little functional information about the LYST protein. This review serves to provide an update on the clinical manifestations and cellular defects of Chediak-Higashi syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS More recent papers expand the neurological spectrum of disease in CHS, to include hereditary spastic paraplegia and parkinsonism. Granule size and distribution in NK cells have been investigated in relation to the location of mutations in LYST. Patients with mutations in the ARM/HEAT domain had markedly enlarged granules, but fewer in number. By contrast, patients with mutations in the BEACH domain had more numerous granules that were normal in size to slightly enlarged, but demonstrated markedly impaired polarization. The role of LYST in autophagosome formation has been highlighted in recent studies; LYST was defined to have a prominent role in autophagosome lysosome reformation for the maintenance of lysosomal homeostasis in neurons, while in retinal pigment epithelium cells, LYST deficiency was shown to lead to phagosome accumulation. SUMMARY Despite CHS being a rare disease, investigation into LYST provides an understanding of basic vesicular fusion and fission. Understanding of these mechanisms may provide further insight into the function of LYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L. Talbert
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy J. Introne
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Ohara RA, Murphy KM. The evolving biology of cross-presentation. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101711. [PMID: 36645993 PMCID: PMC10931539 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cross-priming was first recognized in the context of in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses generated against minor histocompatibility antigens induced by immunization with lymphoid cells. Even though the basis for T cell antigen recognition was still largely unclear at that time, these early studies recognized the implication that such minor histocompatibility antigens were derived from the immunizing cells and were obtained exogenously by the host's antigen presenting cells (APCs) that directly prime the CTL response. As antigen recognition by the T cell receptor became understood to involve peptides derived from antigens processed by the APCs and presented by major histocompatibility molecules, the "cross-priming" phenomenon was subsequently recast as "cross-presentation" and the scope considered for examining this process gradually broadened to include many different forms of antigens, including soluble proteins, and different types of APCs that may not be involved in in vivo CTL priming. Many studies of cross-presentation have relied on in vitro cell models that were recently found to differ from in vivo APCs in particular mechanistic details. A recent trend has focused on the APCs and pathways of cross-presentation used in vivo, especially the type 1 dendritic cells. Current efforts are also being directed towards validating the in vivo role of various putative pathways and gene candidates in cross-presentation garnered from various in vitro studies and to determine the relative contributions they make to CTL responses across various forms of antigens and immunologic settings. Thus, cross-presentation appears to be carried by different pathways in various types of cells for different forms under different physiologic settings, which remain to be evaluated in an in vivo physiologic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray A Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Nagata Y, Watanabe R, Eichhorn C, Ohno S, Aiba T, Ishikawa T, Nakano Y, Aizawa Y, Hayashi K, Murakoshi N, Nakajima T, Yagihara N, Mishima H, Sudo T, Higuchi C, Takahashi A, Sekine A, Makiyama T, Tanaka Y, Watanabe A, Tachibana M, Morita H, Yoshiura KI, Tsunoda T, Watanabe H, Kurabayashi M, Nogami A, Kihara Y, Horie M, Shimizu W, Makita N, Tanaka T. Targeted deep sequencing analyses of long QT syndrome in a Japanese population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277242. [PMID: 36480497 PMCID: PMC9731492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is one of the most common inherited arrhythmias and multiple genes have been reported as causative. Presently, genetic diagnosis for LQTS patients is becoming widespread and contributing to implementation of therapies. However, causative genetic mutations cannot be detected in about 20% of patients. To elucidate additional genetic mutations in LQTS, we performed deep-sequencing of previously reported 15 causative and 85 candidate genes for this disorder in 556 Japanese LQTS patients. We performed in-silico filtering of the sequencing data and found 48 novel variants in 33 genes of 53 cases. These variants were predicted to be damaging to coding proteins or to alter the binding affinity of several transcription factors. Notably, we found that most of the LQTS-related variants in the RYR2 gene were in the large cytoplasmic domain of the N-terminus side. They might be useful for screening of LQTS patients who had no known genetic factors. In addition, when the mechanisms of these variants in the development of LQTS are revealed, it will be useful for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and selection of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagata
- Bioresourse Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Eichhorn
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Devision of Arrhythmia, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Aizawa
- Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nobue Yagihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sudo
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Higuchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sekine
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Atsuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motomi Tachibana
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara heart institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koh-ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences and Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki Univerisity Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Bioresourse Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Koebke E, Stephan L, Stetter MG, Hülskamp M. Functional analysis of the BEige and Chediak-Higashi domain gene Mp SPIRRIG in Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:915268. [PMID: 36212282 PMCID: PMC9537460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.915268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BEige and Chediak-Higashi domain containing proteins (BDCPs) have been described to function in membrane-dependent processes in eukaryotes. This role was also observed for the BDCP SPIRRIG (SPI) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in the context of cell morphogenesis. Additionally, AtSPI was found to control salt stress resistance by mediating mRNA stability and salt stress-dependent processing body formation. In this work, we utilize an evolutionarily comparative approach to unravel conserved, basal BDCP functions in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Our phenotypic and physiological analyses show that MpSPI is involved in cell morphogenesis and salt resistance regulation, indicating that both functions are evolutionarily conserved between the two species. Co-localization was found with endosomal and P-body markers, suggesting links to membrane-dependent processes and mRNA metabolism. Finally, we present transcriptomics data showing that AtSPI and MpSPI regulate orthologous genes in A. thaliana and M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Dendritic cells in cancer immunology. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:3-13. [PMID: 34480145 PMCID: PMC8752832 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune regulation. Much of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted principles. Expanding these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational efforts. With this mindset, we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ICT. Specifically, this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell (DC) biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic use. First, we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs, identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of DCs. Second, we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation, which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an enigma. This pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic target. Finally, we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing, in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell responses. Each topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L. Murphy
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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11
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Fan Y, Korfanty GA, Xu J. Genetic Analyses of Amphotericin B Susceptibility in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:860. [PMID: 34682281 PMCID: PMC8538161 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophytic mold that can cause a range of clinical syndromes, from allergic reactions to invasive infections. Amphotericin B (AMB) is a polyene antifungal drug that has been used to treat a broad range of systemic mycoses since 1958, including as a primary treatment option against invasive aspergillosis in regions with high rates (≥10%) of environmental triazole resistance. However, cases of AMB-resistant A. fumigatus strains have been increasingly documented over the years, and high resistance rates were recently reported in Brazil and Canada. The objective of this study is to identify candidate mutations associated with AMB susceptibility using a genome-wide association analysis of natural strains, and to further investigate a subset of the mutations in their putative associations with differences in AMB minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and in growths at different AMB concentrations through the analysis of progeny from a laboratory genetic cross. Together, our results identified a total of 34 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AMB MIC differences-comprising 18 intergenic variants, 14 missense variants, one synonymous variant, and one non-coding transcript variant. Importantly, progeny from the genetic cross allowed us to identify putative SNP-SNP interactions impacting progeny growth at different AMB concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.F.); (G.A.K.)
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12
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Gray platelet syndrome: NBEAL2 mutations are associated with pathology beyond megakaryocyte and platelet function defects. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:318-322. [PMID: 33300270 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Sims MC, Mayer L, Collins JH, Bariana TK, Megy K, Lavenu-Bombled C, Seyres D, Kollipara L, Burden FS, Greene D, Lee D, Rodriguez-Romera A, Alessi MC, Astle WJ, Bahou WF, Bury L, Chalmers E, Da Silva R, De Candia E, Deevi SVV, Farrow S, Gomez K, Grassi L, Greinacher A, Gresele P, Hart D, Hurtaud MF, Kelly AM, Kerr R, Le Quellec S, Leblanc T, Leinøe EB, Mapeta R, McKinney H, Michelson AD, Morais S, Nugent D, Papadia S, Park SJ, Pasi J, Podda GM, Poon MC, Reed R, Sekhar M, Shalev H, Sivapalaratnam S, Steinberg-Shemer O, Stephens JC, Tait RC, Turro E, Wu JKM, Zieger B, Kuijpers TW, Whetton AD, Sickmann A, Freson K, Downes K, Erber WN, Frontini M, Nurden P, Ouwehand WH, Favier R, Guerrero JA. Novel manifestations of immune dysregulation and granule defects in gray platelet syndrome. Blood 2020; 136:1956-1967. [PMID: 32693407 PMCID: PMC7582559 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare recessive disorder caused by biallelic variants in NBEAL2 and characterized by bleeding symptoms, the absence of platelet α-granules, splenomegaly, and bone marrow (BM) fibrosis. Due to the rarity of GPS, it has been difficult to fully understand the pathogenic processes that lead to these clinical sequelae. To discern the spectrum of pathologic features, we performed a detailed clinical genotypic and phenotypic study of 47 patients with GPS and identified 32 new etiologic variants in NBEAL2. The GPS patient cohort exhibited known phenotypes, including macrothrombocytopenia, BM fibrosis, megakaryocyte emperipolesis of neutrophils, splenomegaly, and elevated serum vitamin B12 levels. Novel clinical phenotypes were also observed, including reduced leukocyte counts and increased presence of autoimmune disease and positive autoantibodies. There were widespread differences in the transcriptome and proteome of GPS platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and CD4 lymphocytes. Proteins less abundant in these cells were enriched for constituents of granules, supporting a role for Nbeal2 in the function of these organelles across a wide range of blood cells. Proteomic analysis of GPS plasma showed increased levels of proteins associated with inflammation and immune response. One-quarter of plasma proteins increased in GPS are known to be synthesized outside of hematopoietic cells, predominantly in the liver. In summary, our data show that, in addition to the well-described platelet defects in GPS, there are immune defects. The abnormal immune cells may be the drivers of systemic abnormalities such as autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Sims
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa Mayer
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janine H Collins
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tadbir K Bariana
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Lavenu-Bombled
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Reference des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Hôpitaux Armand Trousseau, Bicêtre, Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Denis Seyres
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frances S Burden
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Forvie Site, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Lee
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romera
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Centre for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Marseille, France
| | - William J Astle
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Forvie Site, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wadie F Bahou
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Loredana Bury
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rachael Da Silva
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erica De Candia
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Farrow
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Gomez
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dan Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Françoise Hurtaud
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Reference des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Hôpitaux Armand Trousseau, Bicêtre, Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Anne M Kelly
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
| | - Ron Kerr
- Department of Haematology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Le Quellec
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Reference des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Hôpitaux Armand Trousseau, Bicêtre, Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Eva B Leinøe
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rutendo Mapeta
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet McKinney
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Morais
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diane Nugent
- Center for Inherited Bleeding Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA
| | - Sofia Papadia
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Soo J Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John Pasi
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gian Marco Podda
- Unità di Medicina 2, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Man-Chiu Poon
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Southern Alberta Rare Blood and Bleeding Disorders Comprehensive Care Program, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel Reed
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mallika Sekhar
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Shalev
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orna Steinberg-Shemer
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan C Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Tait
- Department of Haematology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Forvie Site, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John K M Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research Institute, Department of Blood Cell Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V., Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinisches Proteom Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy N Erber
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation, Cambridge Centre for Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Remi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Reference des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Hôpitaux Armand Trousseau, Bicêtre, Robert Debré, Paris, France
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jose A Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Bindesbøll C, Aas A, Ogmundsdottir MH, Pankiv S, Reine T, Zoncu R, Simonsen A. NBEAL1 controls SREBP2 processing and cholesterol metabolism and is a susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4528. [PMID: 32161285 PMCID: PMC7066131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis promotes the pathology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and strokes. Cellular cholesterol is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by SREBP2, but also through uptake of extracellular cholesterol from low density lipoproteins (LDL) via expression of LDL receptors (LDLR) at the cell surface. Identification of the mechanisms involved in regulation of these processes are thus key to understand the pathology of coronary artery disease. Here, we identify the large and poorly characterized BEACH domain protein Neurobeachin-like (NBEAL) 1 as a Golgi- associated protein required for regulation of cholesterol metabolism. NBEAL1 is most abundantly expressed in arteries. Genetic variants in NBEAL1 are associated with decreased expression of NBEAL1 in arteries and increased risk of coronary artery disease in humans. We show that NBEAL1 regulates cholesterol metabolism by modulating LDLR expression in a mechanism involving interaction with SCAP and PAQR3 and subsequent SREBP2-processing. Thus, low expression of NBEAL1 may lead to increased risk of coronary artery disease by downregulation of LDLR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aleksander Aas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margret Helga Ogmundsdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Serhiy Pankiv
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Reine
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Interphase genetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Stephan L, Jakoby M, Hülskamp M. Evolutionary Comparison of the Developmental/Physiological Phenotype and the Molecular Behavior of SPIRRIG Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabis alpina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:596065. [PMID: 33584744 PMCID: PMC7874212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.596065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Beige and Chediak Higashi (BEACH) domain proteins mediate membrane-dependent processes in eukaryotic cells. The plant BEACH domain protein SPIRRIG in A. thaliana (AtSPI) was shown to display a similar molecular behavior as its yeast and animal homologs, along with a range of cell morphological defects. In addition, AtSPI was shown to interact with the P-body component DCP1, to differentially effect RNA levels and to be involved in the regulation of RNA stability in the context of salt stress responses. To determine, whether the dual function of SPI in apparently unrelated molecular pathways and traits is evolutionary conserved, we analyzed three Aaspi alleles in Arabis alpina. We show that the molecular behavior of the SPI protein and the role in cell morphogenesis and salt stress response are similar in the two species, though we observed distinct deviations in the phenotypic spectrum.
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Cagdas D, Halaçlı SO, Tan Ç, Lo B, Çetinkaya PG, Esenboğa S, Karaatmaca B, Matthews H, Balcı-Hayta B, Arıkoğlu T, Ezgü F, Aladağ E, Saltık-Temizel İN, Demir H, Kuşkonmaz B, Okur V, Gümrük F, Göker H, Çetinkaya D, Boztuğ K, Lenardo M, Sanal Ö, Tezcan İ. A Spectrum of Clinical Findings from ALPS to CVID: Several Novel LRBA Defects. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:726-738. [PMID: 31432443 PMCID: PMC11090043 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal recessively inherited lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) protein deficiency was shown to be responsible for different types of inborn errors of immunity, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). The aim of this study was to compare patients with LRBA-related ALPS and LRBA-related CVID, to describe their clinical and laboratory phenotypes, and to prepare an algorithm for their diagnosis and management. METHODS Fifteen LRBA-deficient patients were identified among 31 CVID and 14 possible ALPS patients with Western blotting (WB), primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) gene, next-generation panel screening (NGS), and whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The median age on admission and age of diagnosis were 7 years (0.3-16.5) and 11 years (5-44), respectively. Splenomegaly was seen in 93.3% (14/15) of the patients on admission. Splenectomy was performed to 1/5. Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (93.3% (14/15)), autoimmune cytopenia (80% (12/15)), chronic diarrhea (53.3% (8/15)), lower respiratory tract infections (53.3% (8/15)), lymphoma (26.6% (4/15)), Evans syndrome (26.6% (4/15)), and autoimmune thyroiditis (20% (3/15)) were common clinical findings and diseases. Lymphopenia (5/15), intermittant neutropenia (4/15), eosinophilia (4/15), and progressive hypogammaglobulinemia are recorded in given number of patients. Double negative T cells (TCRαβ+CD4-CD8-) were increased in 80% (8/10) of the patients. B cell percentage/numbers were low in 60% (9/15) of the patients on admission. Decreased switched memory B cells, decreased naive and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) Thelper (Th) cells, markedly increased effector memory/effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) Th were documented. Large PD1+ population, increased memory, and enlarged follicular helper T cell population in the CD4+ T cell compartment was seen in one of the patients. Most of the deleterious missense mutations were located in the DUF1088 and BEACH domains. Interestingly, one of the two siblings with the same homozygous LRBA defect did not have any clinical symptom. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed to 7/15 (46.6%) of the patients. Transplanted patients are alive and well after a median of 2 years (1-3). In total, one patient died from sepsis during adulthood before HSCT. CONCLUSION Patients with LRBA deficiency may initially be diagnosed as CVID or ALPS in the clinical practice. Progressive decrease in B cells as well as IgG in ALPS-like patients and addition of IBD symptoms in the follow-up should raise the suspicion for LRBA deficiency. Decreased switched memory B cells, decreased naive and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) Th cells, and markedly increased effector memory/effector memory RA+ Th cells (TEMRA Th) cells are important for the diagnosis of the patients in addition to clinical features. Analysis of protein by either WB or flow cytometry is required when the clinicians come across especially with missense LRBA variants of uncertain significance. High rate of malignancy shows the regulatory T cell's important role of immune surveillance. HSCT is curative and succesful in patients with HLA-matched family donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cagdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Çağman Tan
- Institute of Child Health, Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bernice Lo
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Al Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Pınar Gür Çetinkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saliha Esenboğa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Karaatmaca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helen Matthews
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Burcu Balcı-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Arıkoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Mersin University Medical School, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ezgü
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Metabolism and Genetics, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elifcan Aladağ
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci N Saltık-Temizel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hülya Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barış Kuşkonmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Visal Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gümrük
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Göker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Çetinkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Boztuğ
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lenardo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Özden Sanal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Martínez Jaramillo C, Trujillo-Vargas CM. LRBA in the endomembrane system. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2018; 49:236-243. [PMID: 30410199 PMCID: PMC6220489 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i2.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bi-allelic mutations in LRBA (from Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein) result in a primary immunodeficiency with clinical features ranging from hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphoproliferative syndrome to inflammatory bowel disease and heterogeneous autoimmune manifestations. LRBA deficiency has been shown to affect vesicular trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis, which may lead to alterations of several molecules and processes that play key roles for immunity. In this review, we will discuss the relationship of LRBA with the endovesicular system in the context of receptor trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis. Since these mechanisms of homeostasis are inherent to all living cells and not only limited to the immune system and also, because they are involved in physiological as well as pathological processes such as embryogenesis or tumoral transformation, we envisage advancing in the identification of potential pharmacological agents to manipulate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Martínez Jaramillo
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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18
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Repetto D, Brockhaus J, Rhee HJ, Lee C, Kilimann MW, Rhee J, Northoff LM, Guo W, Reissner C, Missler M. Molecular Dissection of Neurobeachin Function at Excitatory Synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:28. [PMID: 30158865 PMCID: PMC6104133 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spines are small protrusions from dendrites where most excitatory synapses reside. Changes in number, shape, and size of dendritic spines often reflect changes of neural activity in entire circuits or at individual synapses, making spines key structures of synaptic plasticity. Neurobeachin is a multidomain protein with roles in spine formation, postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor targeting and actin distribution. However, the contributions of individual domains of Neurobeachin to these functions is poorly understood. Here, we used mostly live cell imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology to monitor morphology and function of spinous synapses in primary hippocampal neurons. We demonstrate that a recombinant full-length Neurobeachin from humans can restore mushroom spine density and excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons of Neurobeachin-deficient mice. We then probed the role of individual domains of Neurobeachin by comparing them to the full-length molecule in rescue experiments of knockout neurons. We show that the combined PH-BEACH domain complex is highly localized in spine heads, and that it is sufficient to restore normal spine density and surface targeting of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. In addition, we report that the Armadillo domain facilitates the formation of filopodia, long dendritic protrusions which often precede the development of mature spines, whereas the PKA-binding site appears as a negative regulator of filopodial extension. Thus, our results indicate that individual domains of Neurobeachin sustain important and specific roles in the regulation of spinous synapses. Since heterozygous mutations in Neurobeachin occur in autistic patients, the results will also improve our understanding of pathomechanism in neuropsychiatric disorders associated with impairments of spine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Repetto
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Brockhaus
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong J Rhee
- Synaptic Physiology Group, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chungku Lee
- Synaptic Physiology Group, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Synaptic Physiology Group, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeongseop Rhee
- Synaptic Physiology Group, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Northoff
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Reissner
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
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19
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Wild AR, Dell'Acqua ML. Potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes in nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:99-121. [PMID: 29262295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is a breakdown in the integrity of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of ion channels and receptors in the cell membrane and the enzymatic mediators that link them to intracellular effectors can lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. However, therapeutic targeting of these ubiquitous signaling elements can lead to off-target side effects due to their widespread expression in multiple systems of the body. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are multivalent scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize a diverse range of receptor and effector proteins to streamline signaling within nanodomain signalosomes. A number of essential neurological processes are known to critically depend on AKAP-directed signaling and an understanding of the role AKAPs play in nervous system disorders has emerged in recent years. Selective targeting of AKAP protein-protein interactions may be a means to uncouple pathologically active signaling pathways in neurological disorders with a greater degree of specificity. In this review we will discuss the role of AKAPs in both regulating normal nervous system function and dysfunction associated with disease, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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20
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Nbeal2 interacts with Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14. Blood 2017; 131:1000-1011. [PMID: 29187380 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NBEAL2, the gene encoding the scaffolding protein Nbeal2, are causal of gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare recessive bleeding disorder characterized by platelets lacking α-granules and progressive marrow fibrosis. We present here the interactome of Nbeal2 with additional validation by reverse immunoprecipitation of Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14 as interactors of Nbeal2. We show that GPS-causing mutations in its BEACH domain have profound and possible effects on the interaction with Dock7 and Vac14, respectively. Proximity ligation assays show that these 2 proteins are physically proximal to Nbeal2 in human megakaryocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that Nbeal2 is primarily localized in the cytoplasm and Dock7 on the membrane of or in α-granules. Interestingly, platelets from GPS cases and Nbeal2-/- mice are almost devoid of Dock7, resulting in a profound dysregulation of its signaling pathway, leading to defective actin polymerization, platelet activation, and shape change. This study shows for the first time proteins interacting with Nbeal2 and points to the dysregulation of the canonical signaling pathway of Dock7 as a possible cause of the aberrant formation of platelets in GPS cases and Nbeal2-deficient mice.
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21
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Vogl C, Butola T, Haag N, Hausrat TJ, Leitner MG, Moutschen M, Lefèbvre PP, Speckmann C, Garrett L, Becker L, Fuchs H, Hrabe de Angelis M, Nietzsche S, Kessels MM, Oliver D, Kneussel M, Kilimann MW, Strenzke N. The BEACH protein LRBA is required for hair bundle maintenance in cochlear hair cells and for hearing. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2015-2029. [PMID: 28893864 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) belongs to the enigmatic class of BEACH domain-containing proteins, which have been attributed various cellular functions, typically involving intracellular protein and membrane transport processes. Here, we show that LRBA deficiency in mice leads to progressive sensorineural hearing loss. In LRBA knockout mice, inner and outer hair cell stereociliary bundles initially develop normally, but then partially degenerate during the second postnatal week. LRBA deficiency is associated with a reduced abundance of radixin and Nherf2, two adaptor proteins, which are important for the mechanical stability of the basal taper region of stereocilia. Our data suggest that due to the loss of structural integrity of the central parts of the hair bundle, the hair cell receptor potential is reduced, resulting in a loss of cochlear sensitivity and functional loss of the fraction of spiral ganglion neurons with low spontaneous firing rates. Clinical data obtained from two human patients with protein-truncating nonsense or frameshift mutations suggest that LRBA deficiency may likewise cause syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment in humans, albeit less severe than in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogl
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tanvi Butola
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natja Haag
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Torben J Hausrat
- Department for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Leitner
- Department of Physiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Liège CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe P Lefèbvre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Liège CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency and Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Auditory Systems Physiology Group Department of Otolaryngology University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Chen CH, Lo RW, Urban D, Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. α-granule biogenesis: from disease to discovery. Platelets 2017; 28:147-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard W. Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denisa Urban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred G. Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H. A. Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Whole Genome Sequencing Identifies Novel Compound Heterozygous Lysosomal Trafficking Regulator Gene Mutations Associated with Autosomal Recessive Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41308. [PMID: 28145517 PMCID: PMC5286514 DOI: 10.1038/srep41308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chediak–Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by varying degrees of oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent infections, and a mild bleeding tendency, with late neurologic dysfunction. This syndrome is molecularly characterized by pathognomonic mutations in the LYST (lysosomal trafficking regulator). Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) we attempted to identify novel mutations of CHS based on a family of CHS with atypical symptoms. The two patients demonstrated a phenotypic constellation including partial oculocutaneous albinism, frequency upper respiratory infection or a marginal intelligence, without bleeding tendency and severe immunodeficiency. WGS revealed two compound LYST mutations including a maternally inherited chr1:235969126G > A (rs80338652) and a novel paternally inherited chr1: 235915327A > AT, associated with autosomal recessive CHS. These two variants fall in the coding regions of LYST, resulting in premature truncation of LYST due to R1104X/N2535KfsX2 induced incomplete translation. Notably, the heterozygous carriers (i.e. parents) were unaffected. Our finding also reveals decreased plasma serotonin levels in patients with CHS compared with unaffected individuals for the first time. The present study contributes to improved understanding of the causes of this disease and provides new ideas for possible treatments.
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24
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Kadir R, Harel T, Markus B, Perez Y, Bakhrat A, Cohen I, Volodarsky M, Feintsein-Linial M, Chervinski E, Zlotogora J, Sivan S, Birnbaum RY, Abdu U, Shalev S, Birk OS. ALFY-Controlled DVL3 Autophagy Regulates Wnt Signaling, Determining Human Brain Size. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005919. [PMID: 27008544 PMCID: PMC4805177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephaly is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder of reduced head circumference and brain volume, with fewer neurons in the cortex of the developing brain due to premature transition between symmetrical and asymmetrical cellular division of the neuronal stem cell layer during neurogenesis. We now show through linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, that a dominant mutation in ALFY, encoding an autophagy scaffold protein, causes human primary microcephaly. We demonstrate the dominant effect of the mutation in drosophila: transgenic flies harboring the human mutant allele display small brain volume, recapitulating the disease phenotype. Moreover, eye-specific expression of human mutant ALFY causes rough eye phenotype. In molecular terms, we demonstrate that normally ALFY attenuates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway via autophagy-dependent removal specifically of aggregates of DVL3 and not of Dvl1 or Dvl2. Thus, autophagic attenuation of Wnt signaling through removal of Dvl3 aggregates by ALFY acts in determining human brain size. One of the major events in human evolution is the significant increase in brain volume in the transition from primates to humans. The molecular pathways determining the larger size of the human brain are not fully understood. Hereditary primary microcephaly, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which infants are born with small head circumference and reduced brain volume with intellectual disability, offers insights to the embryonic molecular pathways determining human brain size. Previous studies have shown that human microcephaly can be caused by mutations in genes affecting cell division processes, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, primary cilia formation and centriole and centrosome duplication. We now show a novel molecular pathway determining human brain size: human primary microcephaly can be caused by a mutation in ALFY, a gene that encodes an autophagy scaffold protein. In fact, transgenic flies over expressing the mutant form of human ALFY recapitulate the human disease phenotype of microcephaly. We show the molecular pathway through which ALFY regulates cell division and differentiation: we demonstrate that ALFY normally controls removal of aggregate of DVL3, and through this regulates Wnt signaling, a major molecular pathway in embryogenesis. Thus, Wnt signaling, controlled by ALFY-mediated aggregate removal of DVL3, determines human brain size and human microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Kadir
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Barak Markus
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonatan Perez
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Bakhrat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Volodarsky
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Miora Feintsein-Linial
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Joel Zlotogora
- Department of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Sivan
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ramon Y Birnbaum
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Abdu
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Stavit Shalev
- Genetics Institute, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
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25
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Tuand K, Stijnen P, Volders K, Declercq J, Nuytens K, Meulemans S, Creemers J. Nuclear Localization of the Autism Candidate Gene Neurobeachin and Functional Interaction with the NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Indicate a Role in Regulating Transcription. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151954. [PMID: 26999814 PMCID: PMC4801420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurobeachin (NBEA) is an autism spectrum disorders (ASD) candidate gene. NBEA deficiency affects regulated secretion, receptor trafficking, synaptic architecture and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. NBEA is a large multidomain scaffolding protein. From N- to C-terminus, NBEA has a concanavalin A-like lectin domain flanked by armadillo repeats (ACA), an A-kinase anchoring protein domain that can bind to PKA, a domain of unknown function (DUF1088) and a BEACH domain, preceded by a pleckstrin homology-like domain and followed by WD40 repeats (PBW). Although most of these domains mediate protein-protein interactions, no interaction screen has yet been performed. METHODS Yeast two-hybrid screens with the ACA and PBW domain modules of NBEA gave a list of interaction partners, which were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Neuro-2a cells were used for confocal microscopy and nuclear extraction analysis. NOTCH-mediated transcription was studied with luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR, combined with NBEA knockdown or overexpression. RESULTS Both domain modules showed a GO enrichment for the nucleus. PBW almost exclusively interacted with transcription regulators, while ACA interacted with a number of PKA substrates. NBEA was partially localized in the nucleus of Neuro-2a cells, albeit much less than in the cytoplasm. A nuclear localization signal was found in the DUF1088 domain, which was shown to contribute to the nuclear localization of an EGFP-DPBW fusion protein. Yeast two-hybrid identified the Notch1 intracellular domain as a physical interactor of the PBW domain and a role for NBEA as a negative regulator in Notch-mediated transcription was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Defining novel interaction partners of conserved NBEA domain modules identified a role for NBEA as transcriptional regulator in the nucleus. The physical interaction of NBEA with NOTCH1 is most relevant for ASD pathogenesis because NOTCH signaling is essential for neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Tuand
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Stijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolien Volders
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Nuytens
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - John Creemers
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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26
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Teh OK, Hatsugai N, Tamura K, Fuji K, Tabata R, Yamaguchi K, Shingenobu S, Yamada M, Hasebe M, Sawa S, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. BEACH-domain proteins act together in a cascade to mediate vacuolar protein trafficking and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:389-98. [PMID: 25618824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking to the protein storage vacuole (PSV) is a specialized process in seed plants. However, this trafficking mechanism to PSV is poorly understood. Here, we show that three types of Beige and Chediak-Higashi (BEACH)-domain proteins contribute to both vacuolar protein transport and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We screened a green fluorescent seed (GFS) library of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in vesicle trafficking and isolated two allelic mutants gfs3 and gfs12 with a defect in seed protein transport to PSV. The gene responsible for the mutant phenotype was found to encode a putative protein belonging to group D of BEACH-domain proteins, which possess kinase domains. Disruption of other BEACH-encoding loci in the gfs12 mutant showed that BEACH homologs acted in a cascading manner for PSV trafficking. The epistatic genetic interactions observed among BEACH homologs were also found in the ETI responses of the gfs12 and gfs12 bchb-1 mutants, which showed elevated avirulent bacterial growth. The GFS12 kinase domain interacted specifically with the pleckstrin homology domain of BchC1. These results suggest that a cascade of multiple BEACH-domain proteins contributes to vacuolar protein transport and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ooi-kock Teh
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatsugai
- Research Centre for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fuji
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Tabata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shingenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamada
- Department of Biology and IGSP Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Sepulveda FE, Burgess A, Heiligenstein X, Goudin N, Ménager MM, Romao M, Côte M, Mahlaoui N, Fischer A, Raposo G, Ménasché G, de Saint Basile G. LYST controls the biogenesis of the endosomal compartment required for secretory lysosome function. Traffic 2015; 16:191-203. [PMID: 25425525 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding LYST protein, the function of which remains poorly understood. Prominent features of CHS include defective secretory lysosome exocytosis and the presence of enlarged, lysosome-like organelles in several cell types. In order to get further insight into the role of LYST in the biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules, we analyzed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with CHS. Using confocal microscopy and correlative light electron microscopy, we showed that the enlarged organelle in CTLs is a hybrid compartment that contains proteins components from recycling-late endosomes and lysosomes. Enlargement of cytotoxic granules results from the progressive clustering and then fusion of normal-sized endolysosomal organelles. At the immunological synapse (IS) in CHS CTLs, cytotoxic granules have limited motility and appear docked while nevertheless unable to degranulate. By increasing the expression of effectors of lytic granule exocytosis, such as Munc13-4, Rab27a and Slp3, in CHS CTLs, we were able to restore the dynamics and the secretory ability of cytotoxic granules at the IS. Our results indicate that LYST is involved in the trafficking of the effectors involved in exocytosis required for the terminal maturation of perforin-containing vesicles into secretory cytotoxic granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Sepulveda
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, F-75015, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, F-75015, Paris, France
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Lindquist E, Alezzawi M, Aronsson H. Bioinformatic indications that COPI- and clathrin-based transport systems are not present in chloroplasts: an Arabidopsis model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104423. [PMID: 25137124 PMCID: PMC4138088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coated vesicle transport occurs in the cytosol of yeast, mammals and plants. It consists of three different transport systems, the COPI, COPII and clathrin coated vesicles (CCV), all of which participate in the transfer of proteins and lipids between different cytosolic compartments. There are also indications that chloroplasts have a vesicle transport system. Several putative chloroplast-localized proteins, including CPSAR1 and CPRabA5e with similarities to cytosolic COPII transport-related proteins, were detected in previous experimental and bioinformatics studies. These indications raised the hypothesis that a COPI- and/or CCV-related system may be present in chloroplasts, in addition to a COPII-related system. To test this hypothesis we bioinformatically searched for chloroplast proteins that may have similar functions to known cytosolic COPI and CCV components in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa (subsp. japonica) (rice). We found 29 such proteins, based on domain similarity, in Arabidopsis, and 14 in rice. However, many components could not be identified and among the identified most have assigned roles that are not related to either COPI or CCV transport. We conclude that COPII is probably the only active vesicle system in chloroplasts, at least in the model plants. The evolutionary implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Lindquist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Alezzawi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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α-Granules at the BEACH. Blood 2013; 122:3247-8. [PMID: 24203928 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-516880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cullinane AR, Schäffer AA, Huizing M. The BEACH is hot: a LYST of emerging roles for BEACH-domain containing proteins in human disease. Traffic 2013; 14:749-66. [PMID: 23521701 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BEACH (named after 'Beige and Chediak-Higashi') is a conserved ∼280 residue domain, present in nine human BEACH domain containing proteins (BDCPs). Most BDCPs are large, containing a PH-like domain for membrane association preceding their BEACH domain, and containing WD40 and other domains for ligand binding. Recent studies found that mutations in individual BDCPs cause several human diseases. BDCP alterations affect lysosome size (LYST and NSMAF), apoptosis (NSMAF), autophagy (LYST, WDFY3, LRBA), granule size (LYST, NBEAL2, NBEA) or synapse formation (NBEA). However, the roles of each BDCP in these membrane events remain controversial. After reviewing studies on individual BDCPs, we propose a unifying hypothesis that BDCPs act as scaffolding proteins that facilitate membrane events, including both fission and fusion, determined by their binding partners. BDCPs may also bind each other, enabling fusion or fission of vesicles that are not necessarily of the same type. Such mechanisms explain why different BDCPs may have roles in autophagy; each BDCP is specific for the cell type or the cargo, but not necessarily specific for attaching to the autophagosome. Further elucidation of these mechanisms, preferably carrying out the same experiment on multiple BDCPs, and possibly using patients' cells, may identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cullinane
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Drosophila rugose is a functional homolog of mammalian Neurobeachin and affects synaptic architecture, brain morphology, and associative learning. J Neurosci 2013; 32:15193-204. [PMID: 23100440 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6424-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobeachin (Nbea) is implicated in vesicle trafficking in the regulatory secretory pathway, but details on its molecular function are currently unknown. We have used Drosophila melanogaster mutants for rugose (rg), the Drosophila homolog of Nbea, to further elucidate the function of this multidomain protein. Rg is expressed in a granular pattern reminiscent of the Golgi network in neuronal cell bodies and colocalizes with transgenic Nbea, suggesting a function in secretory regulation. In contrast to Nbea(-/-) mice, rg null mutants are viable and fertile and exhibit aberrant associative odor learning, changes in gross brain morphology, and synaptic architecture as determined at the larval neuromuscular junction. At the same time, basal synaptic transmission is essentially unaffected, suggesting that structural and functional aspects are separable. Rg phenotypes can be rescued by a Drosophila rg+ transgene, whereas a mouse Nbea transgene rescues aversive odor learning and synaptic architecture; it fails to rescue brain morphology and appetitive odor learning. This dissociation between the functional redundancy of either the mouse or the fly transgene suggests that their complex composition of numerous functional and highly conserved domains support independent functions. We propose that the detailed compendium of phenotypes exhibited by the Drosophila rg null mutant provided here will serve as a test bed for dissecting the different functional domains of BEACH (for beige and human Chediak-Higashi syndrome) proteins, such as Rugose, mouse Nbea, or Nbea orthologs in other species, such as human.
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32
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Nuytens K, Gantois I, Stijnen P, Iscru E, Laeremans A, Serneels L, Van Eylen L, Liebhaber SA, Devriendt K, Balschun D, Arckens L, Creemers JWM, D'Hooge R. Haploinsufficiency of the autism candidate gene Neurobeachin induces autism-like behaviors and affects cellular and molecular processes of synaptic plasticity in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 51:144-51. [PMID: 23153818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobeachin (NBEA), a brain-enriched multidomain scaffolding protein involved in neurotransmitter release and synaptic functioning, has been identified as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in four unrelated patients haploinsufficient for NBEA. The aim of this study was to map the behavioral phenotype of Nbea(+/-) mice in order to understand its contribution to the pathogenesis of ASD. ASD-like behavioral variables of Nbea(+/-) mice were related to basal neuronal activity in different brain regions by in situ hybridizations and extracellular field recordings of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region. Levels of BDNF and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were measured in an attempt to investigate putatively underlying changes in these neuromolecules. Nbea(+/-) mice exhibit several ASD-like features, including changes in self-grooming behavior, social behaviors, conditioned fear responses, and spatial learning and memory, which coincided with enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in their CA1 region. The observed alterations in learning and memory and hippocampal LTP are concomitant with decreased expression of the immediate early gene zif268 in dorsomedial striatum and hippocampal CA1 region, increased CREB phosphorylation, and increased hippocampal BDNF expression. These findings indicate that Nbea haploinsufficiency leads to various molecular and cellular changes that affect neuroplasticity and behavioral functions in mice, and could thus underlie the ASD symptomatology in NBEA deficient humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nuytens
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Rahman M, Haberman A, Tracy C, Ray S, Krämer H. Drosophila mauve mutants reveal a role of LYST homologs late in the maturation of phagosomes and autophagosomes. Traffic 2012; 13:1680-92. [PMID: 22934826 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a lethal disease caused by mutations that inactivate the lysosomal trafficking regulator protein (LYST). Patients suffer from diverse symptoms including oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent infections, neutropenia and progressive neurodegeneration. These defects have been traced back to over-sized lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles (LROs) in different cell types. Here, we explore mutants in the Drosophila mauve gene as a new model system for CHS. The mauve gene (CG42863) encodes a large BEACH domain protein of 3535 amino acids similar to LYST. This reflects a functional homology between these proteins as mauve mutants also display enlarged LROs, such as pigment granules. This Drosophila model also replicates the enhanced susceptibility to infections and we show a defect in the cellular immune response. Early stages of phagocytosis proceed normally in mauve mutant hemocytes but, unlike in wild type, late phagosomes fuse and generate large vacuoles containing many bacteria. Autophagy is similarly affected in mauve fat bodies as starvation-induced autophagosomes grow beyond their normal size. Together these data suggest a model in which Mauve functions to restrict homotypic fusion of different pre-lysosomal organelles and LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhlasur Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
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Boecke A, Sieger D, Neacsu CD, Kashkar H, Krönke M. Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activity mediates navigational capacity of leukocytes responding to wounds and infection: live imaging studies in zebrafish larvae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1559-66. [PMID: 22802420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activity (FAN) is an adaptor protein that specifically binds to the p55 receptor for TNF (TNF-RI). Our previous investigations demonstrated that FAN plays a role in TNF-induced actin reorganization by connecting the plasma membrane with actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that FAN may impact on cellular motility in response to TNF and in the context of immune inflammatory conditions. In this study, we used the translucent zebrafish larvae for in vivo analysis of leukocyte migration after morpholino knockdown of FAN. FAN-deficient zebrafish leukocytes were impaired in their migration toward tail fin wounds, leading to a reduced number of cells reaching the wound. Furthermore, FAN-deficient leukocytes show an impaired response to bacterial infections, suggesting that FAN is generally required for the directed chemotactic response of immune cells independent of the nature of the stimulus. Cell-tracking analysis up to 3 h after injury revealed that the reduced number of leukocytes is not due to a reduction in random motility or speed of movement. Leukocytes from FAN-deficient embryos protrude pseudopodia in all directions instead of having one clear leading edge. Our results suggest that FAN-deficient leukocytes exhibit an impaired navigational capacity, leading to a disrupted chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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35
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Lauks J, Klemmer P, Farzana F, Karupothula R, Zalm R, Cooke NE, Li KW, Smit AB, Toonen R, Verhage M. Synapse associated protein 102 (SAP102) binds the C-terminal part of the scaffolding protein neurobeachin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39420. [PMID: 22745750 PMCID: PMC3380004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobeachin (Nbea) is a multidomain scaffold protein abundant in the brain, where it is highly expressed during development. Nbea-null mice have severe defects in neuromuscular synaptic transmission resulting in lethal paralysis of the newborns. Recently, it became clear that Nbea is important also for the functioning of central synapses, where it is suggested to play a role in trafficking membrane proteins to both, the pre- and post-synaptic sites. So far, only few binding partners of Nbea have been found and the precise mechanism of their trafficking remains unclear. Here, we used mass spectrometry to identify SAP102, a MAGUK protein implicated in trafficking of the ionotropic glutamate AMPA- and NMDA-type receptors during synaptogenesis, as a novel Nbea interacting protein in mouse brain. Experiments in heterologous cells confirmed this interaction and revealed that SAP102 binds to the C-terminal part of Nbea that contains the DUF, PH, BEACH and WD40 domains. Furthermore, we discovered that introducing a mutation in Nbea's PH domain, which disrupts its interaction with the BEACH domain, abolishes this binding, thereby creating an excellent starting point to further investigate Nbea-SAP102 function in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lauks
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Klemmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fatima Farzana
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramesh Karupothula
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Zalm
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy E. Cooke
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Scheffzek K, Welti S. Pleckstrin homology (PH) like domains - versatile modules in protein-protein interaction platforms. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2662-73. [PMID: 22728242 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial reports on pleckstrin homology (PH) domains almost 20 years ago described them as sequence feature of proteins involved in signal transduction processes. Investigated at first along the phospholipid binding properties of a small subset of PH representatives, the PH fold turned out to appear as mediator of phosphotyrosine and polyproline peptide binding to other signaling proteins. While phospholipid binding now seems rather the exception among PH-like domains, protein-protein interactions established as more and more important feature of these modules. In this review we focus on the PH superfold as a versatile protein-protein interaction platform and its three-dimensional integration in an increasing number of available multidomain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Scheffzek
- Division Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lopez-Herrera G, Tampella G, Pan-Hammarström Q, Herholz P, Trujillo-Vargas C, Phadwal K, Simon A, Moutschen M, Etzioni A, Mory A, Srugo I, Melamed D, Hultenby K, Liu C, Baronio M, Vitali M, Philippet P, Dideberg V, Aghamohammadi A, Rezaei N, Enright V, Du L, Salzer U, Eibel H, Pfeifer D, Veelken H, Stauss H, Lougaris V, Plebani A, Gertz E, Schäffer A, Hammarström L, Grimbacher B. Deleterious mutations in LRBA are associated with a syndrome of immune deficiency and autoimmunity. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:986-1001. [PMID: 22608502 PMCID: PMC3370280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most autosomal genetic causes of childhood-onset hypogammaglobulinemia are currently not well understood. Most affected individuals are simplex cases, but both autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive inheritance have been described. We performed genetic linkage analysis in consanguineous families affected by hypogammaglobulinemia. Four consanguineous families with childhood-onset humoral immune deficiency and features of autoimmunity shared genotype evidence for a linkage interval on chromosome 4q. Sequencing of positional candidate genes revealed that in each family, affected individuals had a distinct homozygous mutation in LRBA (lipopolysaccharide responsive beige-like anchor protein). All LRBA mutations segregated with the disease because homozygous individuals showed hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmunity, whereas heterozygous individuals were healthy. These mutations were absent in healthy controls. Individuals with homozygous LRBA mutations had no LRBA, had disturbed B cell development, defective in vitro B cell activation, plasmablast formation, and immunoglobulin secretion, and had low proliferative responses. We conclude that mutations in LRBA cause an immune deficiency characterized by defects in B cell activation and autophagy and by susceptibility to apoptosis, all of which are associated with a clinical phenotype of hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lopez-Herrera
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Immunodeficiency Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Giacomo Tampella
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peer Herholz
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University of Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia
| | - Kanchan Phadwal
- Biomedical Research Centre Translational Immunology Lab, National Institute for Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Biomedical Research Centre Translational Immunology Lab, National Institute for Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Medcial Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Michel Moutschen
- University of Liège Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology, Liège-Sart Tilman 4000, Belgium
| | - Amos Etzioni
- Division of Pediatrics and Immunology, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Adi Mory
- Division of Pediatrics and Immunology, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Izhak Srugo
- Division of Pediatrics and Immunology, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Doron Melamed
- Division of Pediatrics and Immunology, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chonghai Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Manuela Baronio
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Vitali
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Pierre Philippet
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien-Esperance, Montegnée 4420, Belgium
| | - Vinciane Dideberg
- University of Liège, Center for Human Genetics, Liège-Sart Tilman B-4000, Belgium
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Victoria Enright
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Likun Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Stauss
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute of Molecular Medicine A. Novicelli, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - E. Michael Gertz
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, was initially characterized as a bulk degradation system induced in response to starvation. In recent years, autophagy has emerged also as a highly selective pathway, targeting various cargoes such as aggregated proteins and damaged organelles for degradation. The key factors involved in selective autophagy are autophagy receptors and adaptor proteins, which connect the cargo to the core autophagy machinery. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the only mammalian adaptor protein identified thus far, autophagy-linked FYVE protein (ALFY). ALFY is a large, scaffolding, multidomain protein implicated in the selective degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. We also comment on the possible role of ALFY in the context of disease.
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de Saint Basile G, Ménasché G, Latour S. Inherited defects causing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1246:64-76. [PMID: 22236431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) manifests as the uncontrolled activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating multiple organs. Molecular studies of individuals with HLH have demonstrated in most of these conditions a critical role of granule-dependent cytotoxic activity in the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis, and have allowed the characterization of key effectors regulating cytotoxic granule release. The cytolytic process may now be considered a multistep process, including cell activation; the polarization of cytotoxic granules toward the conjugated target cell; the tethering, priming, and fusion of the cytotoxic granules with the plasma membrane; and the release of their contents (perforin and granzymes) into the intercellular cleft, leading to target cell death. Cytolytic cells have a second effector function involving the production of cytokines, principally γ-interferon, which is secreted independently of the exocytosis cytotoxic granule pathway. An analysis of the mechanisms underlying HLH has identified γ-interferon as a key cytokine inducing uncontrolled macrophage activation, and thus represents a potential therapeutic target.
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40
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Yamamoto A, Simonsen A. Alfy-dependent elimination of aggregated proteins by macroautophagy: can there be too much of a good thing? Autophagy 2011; 7:346-50. [PMID: 21150266 DOI: 10.4161/auto.7.3.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Niesmann K, Breuer D, Brockhaus J, Born G, Wolff I, Reissner C, Kilimann MW, Rohlmann A, Missler M. Dendritic spine formation and synaptic function require neurobeachin. Nat Commun 2011; 2:557. [PMID: 22109531 PMCID: PMC3482631 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge in neuroscience is to understand the mechanisms underlying synapse
formation. Most excitatory synapses in the brain are built on spines, which are
actin-rich protrusions from dendrites. Spines are a major substrate of brain
plasticity, and spine pathologies are observed in various mental illnesses. Here we
investigate the role of neurobeachin (Nbea), a multidomain protein previously linked
to cases of autism, in synaptogenesis. We show that deletion of Nbea leads to
reduced numbers of spinous synapses in cultured neurons from complete knockouts and
in cortical tissue from heterozygous mice, accompanied by altered miniature
postsynaptic currents. In addition, excitatory synapses terminate mostly at
dendritic shafts instead of spine heads in Nbea mutants, and actin becomes less
enriched synaptically. As actin and synaptopodin, a spine-associated protein with
actin-bundling activity, accumulate ectopically near the Golgi apparatus of mutant
neurons, a role emerges for Nbea in trafficking important cargo to pre- and
postsynaptic compartments. Most excitatory synapses in the brain are found on dendritic
spines, but the mechanisms underlying synapse formation are poorly understood. Niesmann
et al. investigate the role of neurobeachin in synaptogenesis, and find that
its deletion leads to fewer spinous synapses and altered postsynaptic
currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Niesmann
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster 48149, Germany
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Durchfort N, Verhoef S, Vaughn MB, Shrestha R, Adam D, Kaplan J, Ward DM. The enlarged lysosomes in beige j cells result from decreased lysosome fission and not increased lysosome fusion. Traffic 2011; 13:108-19. [PMID: 21985295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects vesicle morphology. The Chs1/Lyst protein is a member of the BEige And CHediak family of proteins. The absence of Chs1/Lyst gives rise to enlarged lysosomes. Lysosome size is regulated by a balance between vesicle fusion and fission and can be reversibly altered by acidifying the cytoplasm using Acetate Ringer's or by incubating with the drug vacuolin-1. We took advantage of these procedures to determine rates of lysosome fusion and fission in the presence or absence of Chs1/Lyst. Here, we show by microscopy, flow cytometry and in vitro fusion that the absence of the Chs1/Lyst protein does not increase the rate of lysosome fusion. Rather, our data indicate that loss of this protein decreases the rate of lysosome fission. We further show that overexpression of the Chs1/Lyst protein gives rise to a faster rate of lysosome fission. These results indicate that Chs1/Lyst regulates lysosome size by affecting fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Durchfort
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Exome sequencing identifies NBEAL2 as the causative gene for gray platelet syndrome. Nat Genet 2011; 43:735-7. [PMID: 21765411 PMCID: PMC3428934 DOI: 10.1038/ng.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a predominantly recessive platelet disorder characterized by a mild thrombocytopenia with large platelets and a paucity of α-granules; these abnormalities cause mostly moderate but in rare cases severe bleeding. We sequenced the exomes of four unrelated cases and identified as the causative gene NBEAL2, a gene with previously unknown function but a member of a gene family involved in granule development. Silencing of nbeal2 in zebrafish abrogated thrombocyte formation.
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Novel Heterogenous CHS1 Mutations Identified in Five Japanese Patients with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010:464671. [PMID: 21209802 PMCID: PMC3014749 DOI: 10.1155/2010/464671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent bacterial infections and progressive neurological dysfunction. We demonstrate novel heterogenous mutations of CHS1, the responsive gene of CHS, identified in five Japanese patients with CHS. Patients 1, 2, and 3 were siblings, and they had albinism of the skin and hair. They all had a heterogenous two-base deletion (c.5541-5542 del AA, p.Q1847fsX1850) in exon 18. Patient 4 had a heterogenous single-base insertion (c.3944-3945 ins C, p.T1315fsX1331) in exon 10. The patient exhibited severe early-onset phenotype and suffered from hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Patient 5 had two heterogenous nonsense mutations; c.7982C>G, p.S2661X in exon 30 and c.8281A>T, p.R2761X in exon 31. The patient suffered from infections in childhood and had visual disturbance and albinism of the skin and hair. The CHS1 mutations described here have not been reported previously.
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Pachlopnik Schmid J, Schmid JP, Côte M, Ménager MM, Burgess A, Nehme N, Ménasché G, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Inherited defects in lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Immunol Rev 2010; 235:10-23. [PMID: 20536552 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The granule-dependent cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes plays a critical role in the defense against virally infected cells and tumor cells. The importance of this cytotoxic pathway in immune regulation is evidenced by the severe and often fatal condition, known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome (HLH) that occurs in mice and humans with genetically determined impaired lymphocyte cytotoxic function. HLH manifests as the occurrence of uncontrolled activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating multiple organs. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the characterization of effectors regulating the release of cytotoxic granules, and on the role of this cytotoxic pathway in lymphocyte homeostasis and immune surveillance. Analysis of the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of hemophagocytic syndrome designates gamma-interferon as an attractive therapeutic target to downregulate uncontrolled macrophage activation, which sustains clinical and biological features of HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U768, 75015 Paris, France
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Montfort A, Martin PGP, Levade T, Benoist H, Ségui B. FAN (factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation), a moonlighting protein in TNF-R1 signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:897-903. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Montfort A, de Badts B, Douin-Echinard V, Martin PGP, Iacovoni J, Nevoit C, Therville N, Garcia V, Bertrand MA, Bessières MH, Trombe MC, Levade T, Benoist H, Ségui B. FAN stimulates TNF(alpha)-induced gene expression, leukocyte recruitment, and humoral response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5369-78. [PMID: 19786552 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation (FAN) is an adaptor protein that constitutively binds to TNF-R1. Microarray analysis was performed in fibroblasts derived from wild-type or FAN knockout mouse embryos to evaluate the role of FAN in TNF-induced gene expression. Approximately 70% of TNF-induced genes exhibited lower expression levels in FAN-deficient than in wild-type fibroblasts. Of particular interest, TNF-induced expression of cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-6 and CXCL-2, was impaired in FAN-deficient cells. This was confirmed by real time RT-PCR and ELISA. Upon i.p. TNF or thioglycollate injection, neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity was reduced by more than 50% in FAN-deficient mice. Nevertheless, FAN-deficient animals did not exhibit an increased susceptibility to different microorganisms including bacteria and parasites, indicating that FAN is not essential for pathogen clearance. Specific Ab response to BSA was substantially impaired in FAN-deficient mice and this was associated with a reduced content of leukocytes in the spleen of BSA-challenged FAN-deficient mice as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Altogether, our results indicate the involvement of FAN in TNF-induced gene expression and leukocyte recruitment, contributing to the establishment of the specific immune response.
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Medrihan L, Rohlmann A, Fairless R, Andrae J, Döring M, Missler M, Zhang W, Kilimann MW. Neurobeachin, a protein implicated in membrane protein traffic and autism, is required for the formation and functioning of central synapses. J Physiol 2009; 587:5095-106. [PMID: 19723784 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.178236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuronal networks in the brain requires the differentiation of functional synapses. Neurobeachin (Nbea) was identified as a putative regulator of membrane protein trafficking associated with tubulovesicular endomembranes and postsynaptic plasma membranes. Nbea is essential for evoked transmission at neuromuscular junctions, but its role in the central nervous system has not been characterized. Here, we have studied central synapses of a newly generated gene-trap knockout (KO) mouse line at embryonic day 18, because null-mutant mice are paralysed and die perinatally. Although the overall brain architecture was normal, we identified major abnormalities of synaptic function in mutant animals. In acute slices from the brainstem, both spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents were clearly reduced and failure rates of evoked inhibitory responses were markedly increased. In addition, the frequency of miniature excitatory and both the frequency and amplitudes of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents were severely diminished in KO mice, indicating a perturbation of both action potential-dependent and -independent transmitter release. Moreover, Nbea appears to be important for the formation and composition of central synapses because the area density of mature asymmetric contacts in the fetal brainstem was reduced to 30% of wild-type levels, and the expression levels of a subset of synaptic marker proteins were smaller than in littermate controls. Our data demonstrate for the first time a function of Nbea at central synapses that may be based on its presumed role in targeting membrane proteins to synaptic contacts, and are consistent with the 'excitatory-inhibitory imbalance' model of autism where Nbea gene rearrangements have been detected in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Medrihan
- Center for Physiology, Georg-August University and DFG-Research Center of Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Burgess A, Mornon JP, de Saint-Basile G, Callebaut I. A concanavalin A-like lectin domain in the CHS1/LYST protein, shared by members of the BEACH family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 25:1219-22. [PMID: 19289442 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CHS1/LYST, the causative protein of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), belongs to the BEACH (named after BEige And Chediak-Higashi) family, which includes various large proteins sharing the same C-terminal domain architecture [a PH (Pleckstrin homology)-BEACH domain followed by WD repeats). Members of the BEACH family are generally defined as vesicle-trafficking regulatory proteins, but their functions remain to be determined at the molecular level. Here, using a panel of sensitive methods of sequence analysis, we show that the N-terminal regions of BEACH proteins contain an as yet not described domain, which shares striking similarities with clostridial neurotoxins and defines a novel family within the concanavalin A (ConA)-like lectin superfamily. These results suggest that the BEACH ConA-like lectin domain could be involved in oligosaccharide binding associated with protein traffic and sorting along the secretory pathway, especially in relation with components of the vesicle fusion machinery.
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O'Neal J, Gao F, Hassan A, Monahan R, Barrios S, Kilimann MW, Lee I, Chng WJ, Vij R, Tomasson MH. Neurobeachin (NBEA) is a target of recurrent interstitial deletions at 13q13 in patients with MGUS and multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:234-44. [PMID: 19135901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosome 13 deletions (del[13]), detected by metaphase cytogenetics, predict poor outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM), but the gene(s) responsible have not been conclusively identified. We sought to identify tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome 13 using a novel array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified DNA copy number losses on chromosome 13 using genomic DNA isolated from CD138-enriched bone marrow cells (tumor) from 20 patients with MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, or amyloidosis. We used matched skin biopsy (germline) genomic DNA to control for copy number polymorphisms and a novel aCGH array dedicated to chromosome 13 to map somatic DNA gains and losses at ultra-high resolution (>385,000 probes; median probe spacing 60 bp). We analyzed microarray expression data from an additional 262 patient samples both with and without del[13]. RESULTS Two distinct minimally deleted regions at 13q14 and 13q13 were defined that affected the RB1 and NBEA genes, respectively. RB1 is a canonical tumor suppressor previously implicated in MM. NBEA is implicated in membrane trafficking in neurons, protein kinase A binding, and has no known role in cancer. Noncoding RNAs on chromosome 13 were not affected by interstitial deletions. Both the RB1 and NBEA genes were deleted in 40% of cases (8 of 20; 5 patients with del[13] detected by traditional methods and 3 patients with interstitial deletions detected by aCGH). Forty-one additional MM patient samples were used for complete exonic sequencing of RB1, but no somatic mutations were found. Along with RB1, NBEA gene expression was significantly reduced in cases with del[13]. CONCLUSIONS The NBEA gene at 13q13, and its expression are frequently disrupted in MM. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the role of NBEA as a novel candidate tumor-suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie O'Neal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University, Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, USA
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