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Sørensen M, Pershagen G, Thacher JD, Lanki T, Wicki B, Röösli M, Vienneau D, Cantuaria ML, Schmidt JH, Aasvang GM, Al-Kindi S, Osborne MT, Wenzel P, Sastre J, Fleming I, Schulz R, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Zielonka J, Sies H, Grune T, Frenis K, Münzel T, Daiber A. Health position paper and redox perspectives - Disease burden by transportation noise. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102995. [PMID: 38142584 PMCID: PMC10788624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation noise is a ubiquitous urban exposure. In 2018, the World Health Organization concluded that chronic exposure to road traffic noise is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. In contrast, they concluded that the quality of evidence for a link to other diseases was very low to moderate. Since then, several studies on the impact of noise on various diseases have been published. Also, studies investigating the mechanistic pathways underlying noise-induced health effects are emerging. We review the current evidence regarding effects of noise on health and the related disease-mechanisms. Several high-quality cohort studies consistently found road traffic noise to be associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that road traffic and railway noise may increase the risk of diseases not commonly investigated in an environmental noise context, including breast cancer, dementia, and tinnitus. The harmful effects of noise are related to activation of a physiological stress response and nighttime sleep disturbance. Oxidative stress and inflammation downstream of stress hormone signaling and dysregulated circadian rhythms are identified as major disease-relevant pathomechanistic drivers. We discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and present results from antioxidant interventions. Lastly, we provide an overview of oxidative stress markers and adverse redox processes reported for noise-exposed animals and humans. This position paper summarizes all available epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical evidence of transportation noise as an important environmental risk factor for public health and discusses its implications on the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Daniel Thacher
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timo Lanki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Benedikt Wicki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hvass Schmidt
- Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Ruan Y, Bao Q, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhu W, Wang J. Cardiovascular diseases burden attributable to ambient PM 2.5 pollution from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Environ Res 2024; 241:117678. [PMID: 37984788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient PM2.5 pollution (APMP2.5) was the leading environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. An up-to-date comprehensive study is needed to provide global epidemiological patterns. METHODS Detailed data on CVDs burden attributable to APMP2.5 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to assess temporal trends in age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over 30 years. RESULTS Globally, CVDs attributable to APMP2.5 resulted in 2.48 million deaths and 60.91 million DALYs, with an increase of 122%, respectively from 1990 to 2019. In general, men suffered markedly higher burden than women, but the gap will likely turn narrow. As for age distribution, CVDs deaths and DALYs attributable to APMP2.5 mainly occurred in the elder group (>70 years). Low- and middle-income regions endured the higher CVDs burden due to the higher exposure to APMP2.5, and the gap may potentially expand further compared with high-income regions. For regions, the highest age-standardized rates of APMP2.5-related CVDs deaths and DALYs were observed mainly in Central Asia, while the lowest was observed in Australasia. At the national level, countries with the largest ASDR decline were clustered in western Europe, while Equatorial Guinea, Timor-Leste and Bhutan exhibited relatively rapid increases over this period. CONCLUSIONS The global CVDs burden attributable to APMP2.5 has contributed to the heterogeneity of spatial and temporal distribution. APMP2.5-related CVDs deaths have largely shifted from higher SDI regions to those with a lower SDI. Globally, APMP2.5-attributable CVDs pose a significant threat to public health and diseases burden has increased over time, particularly in male, old-aged populations. The governments and health systems should take measures to reduce air pollution to impede this rising trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ruan
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qinyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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3
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Eminson K, Cai YS, Chen Y, Blackmore C, Rodgers G, Jones N, Gulliver J, Fenech B, Hansell AL. Does air pollution confound associations between environmental noise and cardiovascular outcomes? - A systematic review. Environ Res 2023; 232:116075. [PMID: 37182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental noise is associated with adverse health effects, but there is potential for confounding and interaction with air pollution, particularly where both exposures arise from the same source, such as transport. OBJECTIVES To review evidence on confounding and interaction of air pollution in relation to associations between environmental noise and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Papers were identified from similar reviews published in 2013 and 2015, from the systematic reviews supporting the WHO 2018 noise guidelines, and from a literature search covering the period 2016-2022 using Medline and PubMed databases. Additional papers were identified from colleagues. Study selection was according to PECO inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated against the WHO checklist for risk of bias. RESULTS 52 publications, 36 published after 2015, were identified that assessed associations between transportation noise and cardiovascular outcomes, that also considered potential confounding (49 studies) or interaction (23 studies) by air pollution. Most, but not all studies, suggested that the associations between traffic noise and cardiovascular outcomes are independent of air pollution. NO2 or PM2.5 were the most commonly included air pollutants and we observed no clear differences across air pollutants in terms of the potential confounding role. Most papers did not appear to suggest an interaction between noise and air pollution. Eight studies found the largest noise effect estimates occurring within the higher noise and air pollution exposure categories, but were not often statistically significant. CONCLUSION Whilst air pollution does not appear to confound associations of noise and cardiovascular health, more studies on potential interactions are needed. Current methods to assess quality of evidence are not optimal when evaluating evidence on confounding or interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Eminson
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Yutong Samuel Cai
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Yingxin Chen
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Claire Blackmore
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Georgia Rodgers
- Noise and Public Health Group, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), UK
| | | | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK
| | - Benjamin Fenech
- Noise and Public Health Group, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK.
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4
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Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Impact of air pollution on cardiovascular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111857. [PMID: 37611809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging rapidly, and by some estimates, the number of people older than 60 will double in the next 30 years. With the increase in life expectancy, adverse effects of environmental exposures start playing a more prominent role in human health. Air pollution is now widely considered the most detrimental of all environmental risk factors, with some studies estimating that almost 20% of all deaths globally could be attributed to poor air quality. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and will continue to account for the most significant percentage of non-communicable disease burden. Cardiovascular aging with defined pathomechanisms is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease in old age. Effects of environmental risk factors on cardiovascular aging should be considered in order to increase the health span and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in older populations. In this review, we explore the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular aging, from the molecular mechanisms to cardiovascular manifestations of aging and, finally, the age-related cardiovascular outcomes. We also explore the distinction between the effects of air pollution on healthy aging and disease progression. Future efforts should focus on extending the health span rather than the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Itzkowitz N, Gong X, Atilola G, Konstantinoudis G, Adams K, Jephcote C, Gulliver J, Hansell AL, Blangiardo M. Aircraft noise and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality near Heathrow Airport: A case-crossover study. Environ Int 2023; 177:108016. [PMID: 37329756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft noise causes annoyance and sleep disturbance and there is some evidence of associations between long-term exposures and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated short-term associations between previous day aircraft noise and cardiovascular events in a population of 6.3 million residing near Heathrow Airport using a case-crossover design and exposure data for different times of day and night. We included all recorded hospitalisations (n = 442,442) and deaths (n = 49,443) in 2014-2018 due to CVD. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs and adjusted for NO2 concentration, temperature, and holidays. We estimated an increase in risk for 10 dB increment in noise during the previous evening (Leve OR = 1.007, 95% CI 0.999-1.015), particularly from 22:00-23:00 h (OR = 1.007, 95% CI 1.000-1.013), and the early morning hours 04:30-06:00 h (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.002-1.021) for all CVD admissions, but no significant associations with day-time noise. There was effect modification by age-sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and season, and some suggestion that high noise variability at night was associated with higher risks. Our findings are consistent with proposed mechanisms for short-term impacts of aircraft noise at night on CVD from experimental studies, including sleep disturbance, increases in blood pressure and stress hormone levels and impaired endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Itzkowitz
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Xiangpu Gong
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK
| | - Glory Atilola
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Garyfallos Konstantinoudis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Adams
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Calvin Jephcote
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, UK
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Bonanni A, Basile M, Montone RA, Crea F. Impact of the exposome on cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J Suppl 2023; 25:B60-B64. [PMID: 37091631 PMCID: PMC10120942 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, noise pollution, and light pollution have emerged as important but often overlooked risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine the emerging concept of the exposome, highlighting the close relationship between environmental exposure (e.g. PM2.5, traffic noise, and night light) and cardiovascular disease, finally addressing the possible mitigation strategies that should be implemented to reduce the impact of air, noise, and light pollution on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Basile
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - Rocco Antonio Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Corresponding author: Tel: +39 (06) 305 11 66, Fax: +39 (06) 305 5535,
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Montone RA, Rinaldi R, Bonanni A, Severino A, Pedicino D, Crea F, Liuzzo G. Impact of air pollution on ischemic heart disease: Evidence, mechanisms, clinical perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2023; 366:22-31. [PMID: 36696748 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution, and especially particulate matter (PM) air pollution <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), has clearly emerged as an important yet often overlooked risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD). In this review, we examine the available evidence demonstrating how acute and chronic PM2.5 exposure clinically translates into a heightened coronary atherosclerotic burden and an increased risk of acute ischemic coronary events. Moreover, we provide insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PM2.5-mediated atherosclerosis, focusing on the specific biological mechanism through which PM2.5 exerts its detrimental effects. Further, we discuss about the possible mechanisms that explain the recent findings reporting a strong association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, increased PM2.5 exposure, and morbidity and mortality from IHD. We also address the possible mitigation strategies that should be implemented to reduce the impact of PM2.5 on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and underscoring the strong need of clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of specific interventions (including both PM2.5 reduction and/or specific drugs) in reducing the incidence of IHD. Finally, we introduce the emerging concept of the exposome, highlighting the close relationship between PM2.5 and other environmental exposures (i.e.: traffic noise and climate change) in terms of common underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and possible mitigation strategies.
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8
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Senkler B, Freymueller J, Lopez Lumbi S, Hornberg C, Schmid HL, Hennig-Fast K, Horstmann G, Mc Call T. Urbanicity-Perspectives from Neuroscience and Public Health: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:688. [PMID: 36613008 PMCID: PMC9819040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban residency is associated with exposure to environmental factors, which can influence health in many ways. Neuroscientific research, as well as Public Health research, aim towards broadening evidence in the field of Urban Health. However, it is unclear whether the association between urban living and mental illnesses is causal rather than explainable by other selective effects. This review seeks to gather information on the current evidence regarding urban living and neurological outcomes to demonstrate how Public Health and Neuroscience could complement each other in the field of Urban Health. A scoping review was conducted in four electronic databases according to the PRISMA-statement guidelines. 25 empirical studies were included. Outcomes such as schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, social and cognitive functioning were scrutinised. Evidence was found for alteration of brain functioning and brain structure. Most studies researching cognitive functioning or cognitive decline displayed possible protective effects of urban living compared to rural living. The different study designs in Public Health and Neuroscience could profit from each other. Although the comparability of studies is limited by the inconsistent assessments of urbanity. Synergies and potentials to combine aspects of Public Health and Neuroscience in the field of Urban Health to improve population health became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Senkler
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julius Freymueller
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Lopez Lumbi
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Hornberg
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hannah-Lea Schmid
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Department Psychiatry, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gernot Horstmann
- Neurocognitive Psychology, Department Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timothy Mc Call
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Makover ME, Shapiro MD, Toth PP. There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100371. [PMID: 36124049 PMCID: PMC9482082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is epidemic throughout the world and is etiologic for such acute cardiovascular events as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, and death. ASCVD also impacts risk for dementia, chronic kidney disease peripheral arterial disease and mobility, impaired sexual response, and a host of other visceral impairments that adversely impact the quality and rate of progression of aging. The relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and risk for ASCVD is one of the most highly established and investigated issues in the entirety of modern medicine. Elevated LDL-C is a necessary condition for atherogenesis induction. Basic scientific investigation, prospective longitudinal cohorts, and randomized clinical trials have all validated this association. Yet despite the enormous number of clinical trials which support the need for reducing the burden of atherogenic lipoprotein in blood, the percentage of high and very high-risk patients who achieve risk stratified LDL-C target reductions is low and has remained low for the last thirty years. Atherosclerosis is a preventable disease. As clinicians, the time has come for us to take primordial and primary prevention more serously. Despite a plethora of therapeutic approaches, the large majority of patients at risk for ASCVD are poorly or inadequately treated, leaving them vulnerable to disease progression, acute cardiovascular events, and poor aging due to loss of function in multiple visceral organs. Herein we discuss the need to greatly intensify efforts to reduce risk, decrease disease burden, and provide more comprehensive and earlier risk assessment to optimally prevent ASCVD and its complications. Evidence is presented to support that treatment should aim for far lower goals in cholesterol management, should take into account many more factors than commonly employed today and should begin significantly earlier in life.
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10
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Haselhoff T, Braun T, Hornberg J, Lawrence BT, Ahmed S, Gruehn D, Moebus S. Analysing Interlinked Frequency Dynamics of the Urban Acoustic Environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15014. [PMID: 36429733 PMCID: PMC9690521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As sustainable metropolitan regions require more densely built-up areas, a comprehensive understanding of the urban acoustic environment (AE) is needed. However, comprehensive datasets of the urban AE and well-established research methods for the AE are scarce. Datasets of audio recordings tend to be large and require a lot of storage space as well as computationally expensive analyses. Thus, knowledge about the long-term urban AE is limited. In recent years, however, these limitations have been steadily overcome, allowing a more comprehensive analysis of the urban AE. In this respect, the objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the time-frequency domain of the urban AE, analysing automatic audio recordings from nine urban settings over ten months. We compute median power spectra as well as normalised spectrograms for all settings. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of frequency correlation matrices (FCMs) as a novel approach to access large audio datasets. Our results show site-dependent patterns in frequency dynamics. Normalised spectrograms reveal that frequency bins with low power hold relevant information and that the AE changes considerably over a year. We demonstrate that this information can be captured by using FCMs, which also unravel communities of interlinked frequency dynamics for all settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Haselhoff
- Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Complexity Science, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jonas Hornberg
- Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Bryce T. Lawrence
- Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dietwald Gruehn
- Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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11
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Zaman M, Muslim M, Jehangir A. Environmental noise-induced cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health disorders: a brief review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:76485-76500. [PMID: 35931843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental noise is a pervasive pollutant that is one of the greatest environmental threats to mental, physiological and psychological well-being and has a significant global health burden associated with it. Many epidemiological studies indicate long-term relationship of noise pollution with wide range of metabolic, cardio-vascular and respiratory disorders and diseases. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to thoroughly analyse available literature on public health implications and various underlying biological mechanisms associated with ambient noise exposure, taking into account both objective and subjective measures of noise exposure. METHODS A search of literature for review on environmental noise and associated cardiovascular, mental health and metabolic implications on human health was done using Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. DISCUSSION Experimental studies indicate that noise exposure leads to endocrine effects, increased incidence of diabetes, impairment of cognitive performance, sleep disturbance and annoyance. Epidemiological evidence indicates that high levels of noise, particularly at night, may cause arterial hypertension and endothelial dysfunction due to higher level of stress hormones and oxidative stress. An increased incidence of cardio-vascular diseases like myocardial infarction, heart rate, ischemic heart disease, stroke and heart failure is associated with noise-induced mental stress. Furthermore, psychological and mental health issues like anxiety and depression are also related with exposure to noise pollution. CONCLUSION This article summarises a comprehensive and systematic knowledge established in recent noise research with the spotlight on cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health disorders of environmental noise, providing unique understanding into underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzafar Zaman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Muslim
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshid Jehangir
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Kilbo Edlund K, Sallsten G, Molnár P, Andersson EM, Ögren M, Segersson D, Fagman E, Fagerberg B, Barregard L, Bergström G, Stockfelt L. Long-term exposure to air pollution, coronary artery calcification, and carotid artery plaques in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS Gothenburg cohort. Environ Res 2022; 214:113926. [PMID: 35868579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events. A main suggested mechanism is that air pollution accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, yet current evidence is inconsistent regarding the association between air pollution and coronary artery and carotid artery atherosclerosis, which are well-established causes of myocardial infarction and stroke. We studied associations between low levels of long-term air pollution, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, and the prevalence and area of carotid artery plaques, in a middle-aged population-based cohort. The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) Gothenburg cohort was recruited during 2013-2017 and thoroughly examined for cardiovascular risk factors, including computed tomography of the heart and ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. In 5070 participants (age 50-64 years), yearly residential exposures to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse, NOx, and exhaust-specific PM2.5 1990-2015) were estimated using high-resolution dispersion models. We used Poisson regression to examine associations between long-term (26 years' mean) exposure to air pollutants and CAC score, and prevalence of carotid artery plaques, adjusted for potential confounders. Among participants with carotid artery plaques, we also examined the association with plaque area using linear regression. Mean exposure to PM2.5 was low by international standards (8.5 μg/m3). There were no consistent associations between long-term total PM2.5 exposure and CAC score or presence of carotid artery plaques, but an association between total PM2.5 and larger plaque area in participants with carotid plaques. Associations with traffic-related air pollutants were consistently positive for both a high CAC score and bilateral carotid artery plaques. These associations were independent of road traffic noise. We found stronger associations among men and participants with cardiovascular risk factors. The results lend some support to atherosclerosis as a main modifiable pathway between low levels of traffic-related ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease, especially in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kilbo Edlund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnár
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ögren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - David Segersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
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Chaulin AM, Sergeev AK. The Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Emphasis on Clinical and Epidemiological Data, and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Cardiol Res 2022; 13:268-282. [PMID: 36405225 PMCID: PMC9635774 DOI: 10.14740/cr1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow to improve the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
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Tian W, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Ju J, Xu H. Global research trends in atherosclerosis: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956482. [PMID: 36082127 PMCID: PMC9445883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts related to atherosclerosis, prompting the need to provide a comprehensive view of the growing literature. By retrieving publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on atherosclerosis to describe the research landscape.MethodsA search was conducted of the WoSCC for articles and reviews serving exclusively as a source of information on atherosclerosis published between 2012 and 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to chart the annual productivity of research relevant to atherosclerosis. Through CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the most prolific countries or regions, authors, journals, and resource-, intellectual-, and knowledge-sharing in atherosclerosis research, as well as co-citation analysis of references and keywords, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 20,014 publications were retrieved. In terms of publications, the United States remains the most productive country (6,390, 31,93%). The most publications have been contributed by Johns Hopkins Univ (730, 3.65%). ALVARO ALONSO produced the most published works (171, 0.85%). With a betweenness centrality of 0.17, ERIN D MICHOS was the most influential author. The most prolific journal was identified as Atherosclerosis (893, 4.46%). Circulation received the most co-citations (14,939, 2.79%). Keywords with the ongoing strong citation bursts were “nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD), Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome,” “short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs),” “exosome,” and “homeostasis,” etc.ConclusionThe research on atherosclerosis is driven mostly by North America and Europe. Intensive research has focused on the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as its complications. Specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β, gut microbiota and SCFAs, exosome, long non-coding RNAs, autophagy, and cellular senescence were described to be hot issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Xu,
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Bustaffa E, Curzio O, Donzelli G, Gorini F, Linzalone N, Redini M, Bianchi F, Minichilli F. Risk Associations between Vehicular Traffic Noise Exposure and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Residential Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191610034. [PMID: 36011669 PMCID: PMC9408081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental noise can induce detrimental health effects such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between vehicular traffic noise pollution and CVD was investigated through a retrospective residential cohort study in the city of Pisa. Four exposure classes were defined for noise pollution, using noise propagation maps. The association between noise exposures and cause-specific mortality or hospitalization of the subjects of the cohort was calculated using the hazard ratio (HR) for night and day through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, the socio-economic deprivation index, and traffic air pollution. Mortality excess for CVD and risk trends for a 1 decibel noise increment were observed among the most exposed women (mortality: HRnightclass4 1.15 (1.03-1.28); Trendnight 1.007 (1.002-1.012); HRdayclass4 1.14 (1.02-1.27); Trendday 1.008 (1.003-1.013)), particularly for ischaemic disease (mortality: Trendnight 1.008 (0.999-1.017); Trendday 1.009 (0.999-1.018)) and cerebrovascular disease (mortality: HRnightclass3 1.23 (1.02-1.48), HRdayclass3 1.24 (1.03-1.49)). Hospitalization analyses confirm mortality results. A decreased risk for hospitalization was also observed among the most exposed men (HRdayclass4 0.94 (0.88-1.01), particularly for ischaemic disease (HRnightclass4 0.90 (0.80-1.02); HRdayclass4 0.86 (0.77-0.97)) and cerebrovascular disease (HRnightclass4 0.89 (0.78-1.01)). Authors recommend the adoption of prevention measures aimed at mitigating noise and the activation of a monitoring of the risk profile in the Pisa population updating both the residential cohort and health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bustaffa
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Olivia Curzio
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Donzelli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Linzalone
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Redini
- Municipality of Pisa, Via degli Uffizi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minichilli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Thacher JD, Poulsen AH, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Hvidtfeldt UA, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Khan J, Levin G, Münzel T, Sørensen M. Exposure to transportation noise and risk for cardiovascular disease in a nationwide cohort study from Denmark. Environ Res 2022; 211:113106. [PMID: 35304113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transportation noise increases the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few studies have investigated subtypes of IHD, such as myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, or heart failure. We aimed to study whether exposure to road, railway and aircraft noise increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD), IHD subtypes, and heart failure in the entire adult Danish population, investigating exposures at both maximum exposed and silent façades of each residence. METHODS We modelled road, railway, and aircraft noise at the most and least exposed façades for the period 1995-2017 for all addresses in Denmark and calculated 10-year time-weighted running means for 2.5 million individuals age ≥50 years, of whom 122,523 developed IHD and 79,358 developed heart failure during follow-up (2005-2017). Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for individual and area-level sociodemographic covariates and air pollution. RESULTS We found road traffic noise at the most exposed façade (Lden) to be associated with higher risk of IHD, myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, and heart failure, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of 1.052 (1.044-1.059), 1.041 (1.032-1.051), 1.095 (1.071-1.119), and 1.039 (1.033-1.045) per 10 dB higher 10-year mean exposure, respectively. These associations followed a near-linear exposure-response relationship and were robust to adjustment for air pollution with PM2.5. Railway noise at the least exposed façade was associated with heart failure (HR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.004-1.053), but not the other outcomes. Exposure to aircraft noise (>45 dB) seemed associated with increased risk for MI and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS We found road traffic noise and potentially railway and aircraft noise to increase risk of various major cardiovascular outcomes, highlighting the importance of preventive actions towards transportation noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Thacher
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aslak H Poulsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ulla A Hvidtfeldt
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate, Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gregor Levin
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Hahad O, Bayo Jimenez MT, Kuntic M, Frenis K, Steven S, Daiber A, Münzel T. Cerebral consequences of environmental noise exposure. Environ Int 2022; 165:107306. [PMID: 35635962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of noise exposure as a major environmental determinant of public health is being increasingly recognized. While in recent years a large body evidence has emerged linking environmental noise exposure mainly to cardiovascular disease, much less is known concerning the adverse health effects of noise on the brain and associated neuropsychiatric outcomes. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, indeed, mounting research and conclusive evidence demonstrate that exposure to noise, primarily from traffic sources, may affect the central nervous system and brain, thereby contributing to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as stroke, dementia and cognitive decline, neurodevelopmental disorders, depression, and anxiety disorder. On a mechanistic level, a significant number of studies suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species/oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, among others, to fundamentally drive the adverse brain health effects of noise exposure. This in-depth review on the cerebral consequences of environmental noise exposure aims to contribute to the associated research needs by evaluating current findings from human and animal studies. From a public health perspective, these findings may also help to reinforce efforts promoting adequate mitigation strategies and preventive measures to lower the societal consequences of unhealthy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Frenis K, Hahad O, Steven S, Cohen G, Cuadrado A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Protective actions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and downstream pathways against environmental stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:72-91. [PMID: 35613665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors, including noise, air pollution, chemical agents, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and mental stress have a considerable impact on human health. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key players in molecular pathomechanisms of environmental pollution and risk factors. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors and the protective actions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in connection to oxidative stress and inflammation. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the protective actions of NRF2 and its downstream pathways against different environmental stressors. State-of-the-art mechanistic considerations on NRF2 signaling are discussed in detail, e.g. classical concepts like KEAP1 oxidation/electrophilic modification, NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Specific focus is also laid on NRF2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction with detailed presentation of the protective down-stream pathways of heme oxygenase-1, including interaction with BACH1 system. The significant impact of all environmental stressors on the circadian rhythm and the interactions of NRF2 with the circadian clock will also be considered here. A broad range of NRF2 activators is discussed in relation to environmental stressor-induced health side effects, thereby suggesting promising new mitigation strategies (e.g. by nutraceuticals) to fight the negative effects of the environment on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Insitute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, 8855630, Israel
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Liang S, Sun Q, Du Z, Ren X, Xu Q, Sun Z, Duan J. PM 2.5 induce the defective efferocytosis and promote atherosclerosis via HIF-1α activation in macrophage. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:290-309. [PMID: 35653618 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) promotes the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism insight of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is still lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis. The vascular stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), lipid and atherosclerotic lesion were increased when von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-null mice were exposed to PM2.5. Yet, knockout of HIF-1α markedly decreased the PM2.5-triggered atherosclerotic lesion. We firstly performed microarray analysis in PM2.5-treated bone morrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which showed that PM2.5 significantly changed the genes expression patterns and affected biological processes such as phagocytosis, apoptotic cell clearance, cellular response to hypoxia, apoptotic process and inflammatory response. Moreover, the data showed knockout of HIF-1α remarkably relieved PM2.5-induced defective efferocytosis. Mechanistically, PM2.5 inhibited the level of genes and proteins of efferocytosis receptor c-Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), especially in VHL-null BMDMs. In addition, PM2.5 increased the genes and proteins of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17), which caused the MerTK cleavage to form soluble MerTK (sMer) in plasma and cellular supernatant. The sMer was significantly up-regulated in plasma of VHL-null PM2.5-exposed mice. Moreover, PM2.5 could induce defective efferocytosis and activate inflammatory response through MerTK/IFNAR1/STAT1 signaling pathway in macrophages. Our results demonstrate that PM2.5 could induce defective efferocytosis and inflammation by activating HIF-1α in macrophages, ultimately resulting in accelerating atherosclerotic lesion formation and development. Our data suggest HIF-1α in macrophages might be a potential target for PM2.5-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facility Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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20
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Su R, Jin X, Zhao W, Wu X, Zhai F, Li Z. Rutin ameliorates the promotion effect of fine particulate matter on vascular calcification in calcifying vascular cells and ApoE -/- mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 234:113410. [PMID: 35279519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5 exposure greatly contributes to the incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Owing to the crucial role of vascular calcification in the progression of CVD, it is imperative to elucidate the effects of PM2.5 on vascular calcification to understand the toxic mechanisms of haze-induced CVD. However, the effects of PM2.5 exposure on vascular calcification and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this work, the in vitro and in vivo models were used to illuminate the effects of PM2.5 on vascular calcification. We found that PM2.5 promoted the deposition of hydroxyapatite in calcifying vascular cells. Moreover, hydroxyapatite deposition was significantly enhanced by 3.5 times compared with those in the control group in aortas of ApoE-/- mice after exposure winter PM2.5 (1.5 mg/kg b.w.), accompanied by activation of the OPG/RANKL pathway and inflammatory cytokines' expressions. Moreover, PM2.5-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed. NAC, an ROS inhibitor, observably alleviated the promotion effects of PM2.5 on vascular calcification. Furthermore, rutin effectively prevented vascular calcification by regulating the OPG/RANKL pathway. Our results suggest that PM2.5 play an important role in the occurrence and development of vascular calcification, and that rutin has an antagonistic effect on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Feihong Zhai
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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21
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Desperak P, Desperak A, Szyguła-jurkiewicz B, Rozentryt P, Lekston A, Gąsior M. The Impact of Short-Term Outdoor Air Pollution on Clinical Status and Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Clin Med 2022; 11:484. [PMID: 35159936 PMCID: PMC8836379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acute exposure to air pollutants on patients’ profile, short- and mid-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with coronary angioplasty. Methods: Out of 19,582 patients of the TERCET Registry, 7521 patients living in the Upper Silesia and Zaglebie Metropolis were included. The study population was divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of chronic (CCS) or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Data on 24-h average concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were obtained from eight environmental monitoring stations. Results: No significant association between pollutants’ concentration with baseline characteristic and in-hospital outcomes was observed. In the ACS group at 30 days, exceeding the 3rd quartile of PM10 was associated with almost 2-fold increased risk of adverse events and more than 3-fold increased risk of death. Exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was connected with more than 8-fold increased risk of death at 30 days. In the CCS group, exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was linked to almost 2,5-fold increased risk of 12-month death. Conclusions: The acute increase in air pollutants’ concentrations affect short- and mid-term prognosis in patients with CAD.
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22
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Bouscasse H, Gabet S, Kerneis G, Provent A, Rieux C, Ben Salem N, Dupont H, Troude F, Mathy S, Slama R. Designing local air pollution policies focusing on mobility and heating to avoid a targeted number of pollution-related deaths: Forward and backward approaches combining air pollution modeling, health impact assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Environ Int 2022; 159:107030. [PMID: 34890901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Policies aiming at decreasing air pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter, PM2.5) are often designed without targeting an explicit health benefit nor carrying out cost-benefit analyses. METHODS We developed a transdisciplinary backward and forward approach at the conurbation level: from health objectives set by local decision-makers, we estimated which reductions in PM2.5 exposures and emissions would allow to reach them, and identified urban policies leading to these reductions (backward approach). We finally conducted health impact and cost-benefit analyses of these policies (forward approach). The policies were related to the most emitting sectors in the considered area (Grenoble, France), wood heating and transport sectors. The forward approach also considered the health impact and co-benefits of these policies related to changes in physical activity and CO2 emissions. FINDINGS Decision-makers set three health targets, corresponding to decreases by 33% to 67% in PM2.5-attributable mortality in 2030, compared to 2016. A decrease by 42% in PM2.5 exposure (from 13.9 µg/m3) was required to reach the decrease by 67% in PM2.5-attributable mortality. For each Euro invested, the total benefit was about 30€ for policies focusing on wood heating, and 1 to 68€ for traffic policies. Acting on a single sector was not enough to attain a 67% decrease in PM2.5-attributable mortality. This target could be achieved by replacing all inefficient wood heating equipment by low-emission pellet stoves and reducing by 36% the traffic of private motorized vehicles. This would require to increase the share of active modes (walking, biking…), inducing increases in physical activity and additional health benefits beyond the initial target. Annual net benefits were between €484 and €629 per capita for policies with report on active modes, compared to between €162 and €270 without. CONCLUSIONS Urban policies strongly reducing air pollution-attributable mortality can be identified by our approach. Such policies can be cost-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bouscasse
- CESAER, Agrosup Dijon, INRAE, Bourgogne Franche-Comté Univ., Dijon, France
| | - Stephan Gabet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Glen Kerneis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandrine Mathy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France.
| | - Rémy Slama
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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23
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Hu HB, Hou ZH, Huang CH, LaMonte MJ, Wang M, Lu B. Associations of exposure to residential green space and neighborhood walkability with coronary atherosclerosis in Chinese adults. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118347. [PMID: 34637822 PMCID: PMC8616833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Residential green space and neighborhood walkability are important foundations of a healthy and sustainable city. Yet, their associations with atherosclerosis, the disease underlying clinical coronary heart disease (CHD), is unknown, especially in susceptible populations. We aim to explore the associations of exposure to residential green space and neighborhood walkability with coronary atherosclerosis. In this study of 2021 adults with suspected CHD, we evaluated the associations of exposure to green space (using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI] surrounding each participant's home) and neighborhood walkability (using walkability index and number of parks near home) with atherosclerosis (using coronary artery calcium score, CAC) using linear regression model adjusted for individual-level characteristics. Mediation analysis was further applied to explore potential mechanisms through the pathways of physical activity, air pollution, and psychological stress. In the primary model, an interquartile increase in annual mean NDVI and EVI within the 1-km area was associated with -15.8% (95%CI: 28.7%, -0.7%), and -18.6% (95%Cl: 31.3%, -3.6%) lower CAC score, respectively. However, an interquartile increase in the walkability index near home was associated with a 7.4% (95% CI: 0.1%, 15.2%) higher CAC score. The combined exposure to a green space area in a 1-km area and the walkability index were inversely associated with atherosclerosis, albeit with a smaller magnitude than a single-exposure model. The findings from a mediation analysis suggested that increased physical exercise and ameliorated particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) may partially contribute to the relationship between green space and atherosclerosis, and for walkability index, partially explained by increased PM2.5 exposure. Our study suggested a beneficial association between green space and atherosclerosis, but an adverse association between neighborhood walkability and atherosclerosis. Therefore, urban development that aims to improve neighborhood walkability should jointly account for enhancing green space properties from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Hu
- School of Physical Education, Yantai University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Hong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Konduracka E, Rostoff P. Links between chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: a review. Environ Chem Lett 2022; 20:2971-2988. [PMID: 35496466 PMCID: PMC9036845 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with an increasing risk of death and cardiovascular disorders. Nonetheless, the impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on the circulatory system is still debated. Here, we review the links of chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution with mortality and most common cardiovascular diseases, in particular during the coronavirus disease 2019 event (COVID-19). We found that recent studies provide robust evidence for a causal effect of chronic exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular mortality. In terms of mortality, the strongest relationship was noted for fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. There is also increasing evidence showing that exposure to air pollution, mainly fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. However, available scientific evidence is not strong enough to support associations with cardiac arrhythmias and coagulation disturbances. Noteworthy, for some pollutants, the risk of negative health effects is high for concentrations lower than the limit values recommended by the European Union and Word Health Organization. Efforts to diminish exposure to air pollution and to design optimal methods of air pollution reduction should be urgently intensified and supported by effective legislation and interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Konduracka
- Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Rostoff
- Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
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25
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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link. Rev Environ Health 2021; 36:545-563. [PMID: 34821115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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26
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Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia results from coronary macrovascular or microvascular dysfunction compromising the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The underlying pathophysiological processes are manifold and encompass atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries, vasospasm of large or small vessels and microvascular dysfunction - the clinical relevance of which is increasingly being appreciated. Myocardial ischaemia can have a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, together denoted as chronic coronary syndromes. The most common antianginal medications relieve symptoms by eliciting coronary vasodilatation and modulating the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption, that is, heart rate, myocardial wall stress and ventricular contractility. In addition, cardiac substrate metabolism can be altered to alleviate ischaemia by modulating the efficiency of myocardial oxygen use. Although a universal agreement exists on the prognostic importance of lifestyle interventions and event prevention with aspirin and statin therapy, the optimal antianginal treatment for patients with chronic coronary syndromes is less well defined. The 2019 guidelines of the ESC recommend a personalized approach, in which antianginal medications are tailored towards an individual patient's comorbidities and haemodynamic profile. Although no antianginal medication improves survival, their efficacy for reducing symptoms profoundly depends on the underlying mechanism of the angina. In this Review, we provide clinicians with a rationale for when to use which compound or combination of drugs on the basis of the pathophysiology of the angina and the mode of action of antianginal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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27
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Rabiei H, Ramezanifar S, Hassanipour S, Gharari N. Investigating the effects of occupational and environmental noise on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:62012-62029. [PMID: 34562216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure expressed in various studies with cardiovascular disease. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study based on PRISMA checklist. In this study, the researchers searched five international databases of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ISI/web of knowledge, and Google Scholar. Search keywords included two categories noise and noise pollution, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to review and control the quality of the articles. After all screening stage 139 articles entered the final analysis. The results show that except for East African environmental studies and workplace studies in East Asia, Western Asia, and Northern Europe, there was a significant association between noise exposure and cardiovascular disease. Also, there was a significant difference between the intensity of sound and blood pressure in workers (OR = 1.28, CI 95%: 1.15-1.42, P < 0.001). Based on the results of environmental noise, there was a significant difference between ambient noise intensity and blood pressure (OR = 1.55, CI 95%: 1.53-1.57, P < 0.001). It can be concluded that it is very important to study and identify jobs or living environments with less than the recommended noise level and in addition to hearing aids that occur in over-standard exposures, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleiman Ramezanifar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Noradin Gharari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Münzel T, Hahad O, Sørensen M, Lelieveld J, Duerr GD, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Daiber A. Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2880-2902. [PMID: 34609502 PMCID: PMC9648835 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year and are thus the main contributors to the global burden of disease accounting for 70% of mortality. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease. The risk of NCDs is strongly associated with exposure to environmental stressors such as pollutants in the air, noise exposure, artificial light at night and climate change, including heat extremes, desert storms and wildfires. In addition to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and genetic predisposition, there is a growing body of evidence showing that physicochemical factors in the environment contribute significantly to the high NCD numbers. Furthermore, urbanization is associated with accumulation and intensification of these stressors. This comprehensive expert review will summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of environmental stressors with a focus on cardiovascular NCDs. We will also discuss solutions and mitigation measures to lower the impact of environmental risk factors with focus on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
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29
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Gilani TA, Mir MS. Association of road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in North India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:53458-53477. [PMID: 34031834 PMCID: PMC8143803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established that noise from transportation sources exceeding the safe limits elevates the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The results however have remained heterogeneous. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease besides sub-group analysis was performed for identifying the most susceptible population. Traffic noise exposure was measured using the Lden metric in both continuous and categorical forms. A cross-sectional study was performed and information about sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors was collected. Noise level < 60 dB(A) representing the quiet areas was used as the reference group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate the odds for self-reported coronary artery disease concerning road traffic noise after adjusting for confounding variables. The residents living in noisy areas were found to have a 2.25 times higher risk per 5 dB(A) increment in the noise levels (95% CI = 1.38 to 3.67). Males were at a higher risk of CAD (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.84 to 3.72) as compared to females (OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.37-3.13). The subgroup analysis revealed that being sensitive to noise, belonging to a higher age group, reporting higher stress levels, and poor sleep quality were associated with higher risk. The study also provides evidence that exposure to noise levels greater than 60 dB(A) is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towseef Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Mohammad Shafi Mir
- Transportation & Planning Section, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
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30
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that transportation noise increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with high-quality evidence for ischaemic heart disease. According to the WHO, ≥1.6 million healthy life-years are lost annually from traffic-related noise in Western Europe. Traffic noise at night causes fragmentation and shortening of sleep, elevation of stress hormone levels, and increased oxidative stress in the vasculature and the brain. These factors can promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation and hypertension, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we focus on the indirect, non-auditory cardiovascular health effects of transportation noise. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological research on the effects of transportation noise on cardiovascular risk factors and disease, discuss the mechanistic insights from the latest clinical and experimental studies, and propose new risk markers to address noise-induced cardiovascular effects in the general population. We also explain, in detail, the potential effects of noise on alterations of gene networks, epigenetic pathways, gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, signal transduction along the neuronal-cardiovascular axis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism. Lastly, we describe current and future noise-mitigation strategies and evaluate the status of the existing evidence on noise as a cardiovascular risk factor.
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Gu Y, Xiao ZH, Wu J, Guo M, Lv P, Dou N. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Afrocyclamin A against Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Mediated via p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cell J 2021; 23:191-198. [PMID: 34096220 PMCID: PMC8181314 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contributes to the expansion and development of atherosclerosis. Infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the blood vessel media into the intima, is an important step in the atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Afrocyclamin A, is an oleanane-type triterpene saponin, isolated from Androsace umbellate, which is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. In the study, we examined the effect of Afrocyclamin A on PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation and scrutinized possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the experimental study, counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used for estimation of VSMCs viability. BrdU immunofluorescence was used for estimation of VSMCs proliferation. The levels of antioxidant parameters such as malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH); proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were estimated. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) was assessed. RESULTS Compared to PM2.5-treated cells, in addition to reducing PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, Afrocyclamin A reduced the expression of PCNA and p-p38 MAPK, down-regulated the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1, MDA and ET-1, and up-regulated SOD, GSH and NO level. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effect of Afrocyclamin A was considerably increased following co-incubation of Afrocyclamin A with SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) in comparison with Afrocyclamin A-treated cells. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we can conclude that Afrocyclamin A might reduce PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation via reduction of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Z Hanzhan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Services, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianlie Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Mingjin Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Münzel T, Miller MR, Sørensen M, Lelieveld J, Daiber A, Rajagopalan S. Reduction of environmental pollutants for prevention of cardiovascular disease: it's time to act. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3989-3997. [PMID: 33141181 PMCID: PMC7672530 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kaihara T, Yoneyama K, Nakai M, Higuma T, Sumita Y, Miyamoto Y, Watanabe M, Izumo M, Ishibashi Y, Tanabe Y, Harada T, Yasuda S, Ogawa H, Akashi YJ. Association of PM 2.5 exposure with hospitalization for cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9897. [PMID: 33972608 PMCID: PMC8110517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) influences cardiovascular disease (CVD), its association with CVD-related hospitalizations of super-aged patients in Japan remains uncertain. We investigated the relationship between short-term PM2.5 exposure and CVD-related hospitalizations, lengths of hospital stays, and medical expenses. We analyzed the Japanese national database of patients with CVD (835,405) admitted to acute-care hospitals between 2012 and 2014. Patients with planned hospitalizations and those with missing PM2.5 exposure data were excluded. We classified the included patients into five quintiles based on their PM2.5 exposure: PM-5, -4, -3, -2, and -1 groups, in descending order of concentration. Compared with the PM-1 group, the other groups had higher hospitalization rates. The PM-3, -4, and -5 groups exhibited increased hospitalization durations and medical expenses, compared with the PM-1 group. Interestingly, the hospitalization period was longer for the ≥ 90-year-old group than for the ≤ 64-year-old group, yet the medical expenses were lower for the former group. Short-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased CVD-related hospitalizations, hospitalization durations, and medical expenses. The effects of incident CVDs were more marked in elderly than in younger patients. National PM2.5 concentrations should be reduced and the public should be aware of the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kaihara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kihei Yoneyama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakai
- Department of Statistics and Data Analysis, Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Higuma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoko Sumita
- Department of Statistics and Data Analysis, Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Statistics and Data Analysis, Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masaki Izumo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishibashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoo Harada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro J Akashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Frenis K, Kröller-Schön S, Kuntic M, Stamm P, Kvandová M, Oelze M, Li H, Steven S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Noise-Induced Vascular Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Are Improved by Pharmacological Modulation of the NRF2/HO-1 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040625. [PMID: 33921821 PMCID: PMC8073373 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent endothelial dysfunction are consequences of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease. Environmental stressors, such as traffic noise and air pollution, may also facilitate the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In our previous studies, we investigated the influence of aircraft noise exposure on molecular mechanisms, identifying oxidative stress and inflammation as central players in mediating vascular function. The present study investigates the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as an antioxidant response preventing vascular consequences following exposure to aircraft noise. C57BL/6J mice were treated with the HO-1 inducer hemin (25 mg/kg i.p.) or the NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF, 20 mg/kg p.o.). During therapy, the animals were exposed to noise at a maximum sound pressure level of 85 dB(A) and a mean sound pressure level of 72 dB(A). Our data showed a marked protective effect of both treatments on animals exposed to noise for 4 days by normalization of arterial hypertension and vascular dysfunction in the noise-exposed groups. We observed a partial normalization of noise-triggered oxidative stress and inflammation by hemin and DMF therapy, which was associated with HO-1 induction. The present study identifies possible new targets for the mitigation of the adverse health effects caused by environmental noise exposure. Since natural dietary constituents can achieve HO-1 and NRF2 induction, these pathways represent promising targets for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Paul Stamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Miroslava Kvandová
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.T.B.J.); (K.F.); (S.K.-S.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.D.)
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Alkhalawi E, Orban E, Schramm S, Katsarava Z, Hoffmann B, Moebus S. Residential traffic noise exposure and headaches: Results from the population-based heinz nixdorf recall study. Noise Health 2021; 23:1-10. [PMID: 33753676 PMCID: PMC8140531 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and aim The link between headaches and exposure to loud noise in occupational settings has been established. However, the effect of less intense but chronic residential traffic noise exposure on headache occurrence is less clear. Settings and design We included 3,025 participants from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study in Germany for this cross-sectional analysis. Methods and material Residential road traffic noise exposure at the 2006-2008 address was modelled in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) according to the European Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) for 24-hour (Lden) and night-time noise (22-6 h, Lnight). Indoor traffic noise exposure was obtained by modifying Lden and Lnight based on residence orientation, window type, and personal window opening habits. Traffic noise exposure below 55, 45 dB(A), 35 and 25 dB(A) were set as the reference for Lden, Lnight, Lden,indoor and Lnight,indoor, respectively. Average number of days with headache per month over the past three months was ascertained during the follow-up (2011-2015) medical interview. Statistical analysis used Prevalence Odds Ratios (POR) of having eight or more headaches per month per 5 dB(A) increase in traffic noise exposure were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, sport, number of chronic conditions, years of education and smoking status. Results The mean age of participants was 58.3. Mean Lden was 54 dB(A). Median monthly headache days was one. No association was seen between traffic noise exposure and having ≥8 headaches/month for all the examined traffic noise indicators. However, traffic noise was positively associated with traffic noise-annoyance and insomnia; and night-time traffic noise-annoyance and insomnia were positively associated with headache. Conclusion In conclusion, our data did not provide any evidence for an association between chronic traffic noise exposure and prevalence of headaches at this population's exposure levels. This should be explored in different populations given that this is the first study of its type and that noise exposure was generally low in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alkhalawi
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Germany
| | - Ester Orban
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zaza Katsarava
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital Unna, Holbeinstr. 10, 59423 Unna
- EVEX Medical Corporation, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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Tian M, Zhao J, Mi X, Wang K, Kong D, Mao H, Wang T. Progress in research on effect of PM
2.5
on occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:668-682. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
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Hasslöf H, Molnár P, Andersson EM, Spanne M, Gustafsson S, Stroh E, Engström G, Stockfelt L. Long-term exposure to air pollution and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in the Malmö diet and cancer cohort. Environ Res 2020; 191:110095. [PMID: 32846176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Current evidence suggests that air pollution exposure contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. There are few studies investigating associations between air pollution and carotid plaques, a well-known precursor of cardiovascular disease. METHODS A Swedish population-based cohort (aged 45-64 years at recruitment) was randomly selected from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study between 1991 and 1994, of which 6103 participants underwent ultrasound examination of the right carotid artery to determine carotid plaque presence and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Participants were assigned individual residential air pollution exposure (source-specific PM2.5, PM10, NOx, BC) at recruitment from Gaussian dispersion models. Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and cardiovascular risk factors, were used to investigate associations between air pollutants and prevalence of carotid plaques, and CIMT, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of carotid plaques was 35%. The mean levels of PM2.5 and PM10 at recruitment were 11 and 14 μg/m3, most of which was due to long range transport. The exposure contrast within the cohort was relatively low. PM2.5 exposure was associated with carotid plaques in a model including age and sex only (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.20) per 1 μg/m3), but after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status (SES) the association was weak and not significant (OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.96-1.16) per 1 μg/m3). The pattern was similar for PM10 and NOx exposure. Associations between air pollutants and plaques were slightly stronger for long-term residents and in younger participants with hypertension. There was no clear linear trend between air pollution exposure and plaque prevalence. Non-significant slightly positive associations were seen between air pollution exposures and CIMT. CONCLUSIONS In this large, well-controlled cross-sectional study at low exposure levels we found no significant associations between air pollution exposures and subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and SES. Further epidemiological studies of air pollution and intermediate outcomes are needed to explain the link between air pollution and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hasslöf
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnár
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mårten Spanne
- Environmental Department of the City of Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Emilie Stroh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Kälsch H, Mahabadi AA, Moebus S, Reinsch N, Budde T, Hoffmann B, Stang A, Jöckel KH, Erbel R, Lehmann N. Association of progressive thoracic aortic calcification with future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: ability to improve risk prediction? Results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 20:709-717. [PMID: 30508179 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) is measured by computed tomography (CT). We investigated the association of TAC-progression with incident cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort and to determine its predictive value for these endpoints. METHODS AND RESULTS In 3080 participants (45-74 years, 53.6% women), risk factors and TAC via CT were measured at baseline and at a second examination after 5.1 ± 0.3 years. Hard coronary, hard CV events as well as CV events including revascularization and all-cause mortality were recorded during a follow-up time of 7.8 ± 2.2 years after the second CT scan. Cox regression analysis determined the association of TAC-progression with observed endpoints. The predictive value of TAC-progression was assessed using Harrell's C index. We observed 81 hard coronary, 154 hard CV, 231 CV events including revascularization, and 266 deaths. In the crude analysis, event rates increased continuously with the level of TAC-change over 5 years for all endpoints. After adjustment, the significant association of TAC-progression with hard CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.57] and all-cause mortality (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58) persisted, per one standard deviation increase in TAC-progression (log(TAC + 1)). Regarding aortic segments separately, HRs were consistently higher for descending thoracic aorta. When adding TAC (baseline and progression) to the model containing classical risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC), Harrell's C indices did not increase for any of the observed endpoints. CONCLUSION TAC-progression is associated with incident hard CV events and all-cause mortality but fails to improve event prediction over CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Kälsch
- Department of Cardiology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Alfried-Krupp-Str. 21, Essen, Germany.,University of Witten/Herdecke, Department of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, Witten, Germany
| | - Amir A Mahabadi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Reinsch
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Department of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, Witten, Germany.,Department of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Alfried-Krupp-Str. 21, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Department of Cardiology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Alfried-Krupp-Str. 21, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Gurlittstr. 55 / II, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Holsterhauser Str. 55, Essen, Germany
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Hennig F, Geisel MH, Kälsch H, Lucht S, Mahabadi AA, Moebus S, Erbel R, Lehmann N, Jöckel KH, Scherag A, Hoffmann B. Air Pollution and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Different Vessel Beds-Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in the Ruhr Area, Germany. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:107003. [PMID: 33017176 PMCID: PMC7535085 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to inconsistent epidemiological evidence on health effects of air pollution on progression of atherosclerosis, we investigated several air pollutants and their effects on progression of atherosclerosis, using carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), coronary calcification (CAC), and thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). METHODS We used baseline (2000-2003) and 5-y follow-up (2006-2008) data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4,814 middle-aged adults. Residence-based long-term air pollution exposure, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed using chemistry transport and land use regression (LUR) models. cIMT was quantified as side-specific median IMT assessed from standardized ultrasound images. CAC and TAC were quantified by computed tomography using the Agatston score. Development (yes/no) and progression of atherosclerosis (change in cIMT and annual growth rate for CAC/TAC) were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status, and traffic noise. RESULTS While no clear associations were observed in the full study sample (mean age 59.1 (±7.6) y; 53% female), most air pollutants were marginally associated with progression of atherosclerosis in participants with no or low baseline atherosclerotic burden. Most consistently for CAC, e.g., a 1.5 μg/m3 higher exposure to PM2.5 (LUR) yielded an estimated odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.39] for progression of CAC and an increased annual growth rate of 2% (95% CI: 1%, 4%). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with long-term air pollution in middle-aged participants with no or minor atherosclerotic burden at baseline, while overall no consistent associations are observed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hennig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie Henrike Geisel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hagen Kälsch
- Department of Cardiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir Abbas Mahabadi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Center of Urban Epidemiology (Cue), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Significance: According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances: About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to noncommunicable cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. Critical Issues: Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we focus primarily on important environmental stressors such as transportation noise and air pollution. We discuss the pathophysiology of vascular damage caused by these environmental stressors, with emphasis on early subclinical damage of the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction and the role of oxidative stress. Future Directions: Lower legal thresholds and mitigation measures should be implemented and may help to prevent vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Omar Hahad
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Rodins V, Lucht S, Ohlwein S, Hennig F, Soppa V, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Weimar C, Hermann DM, Schramm S, Moebus S, Slomiany U, Hoffmann B. Long-term exposure to ambient source-specific particulate matter and its components and incidence of cardiovascular events - The Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Environ Int 2020; 142:105854. [PMID: 32590280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the risk of long-term exposure to source-specific airborne pollutants on incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to source-specific air pollution and particulate matter (PM) components on incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total cardiovascular events (CVE) in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (HNR). METHODS We used baseline (2000-2003) and 14-year follow-up data of the HNR Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in Western Germany. Participants' residential mean exposures to NO2 and total and source-specific PM10, PM2.5, accumulation mode particle number concentration (PNAM), and PM components were modelled using a dispersion and chemical transport model. We used Cox regression to evaluate the effect of pollutants (per 1 μg/m3 increase and per interquartile range - IQR) on risk of stroke and CHD, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and nighttime traffic noise exposure. RESULTS In 4,105 included participants (aged 45-76 at baseline, 52.5% women), we observed 118 cases of first stroke and 373 cases of first CHD during 46,748 person-years under risk. The median survival time within the cohort was 13.3 years. No effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on risk of CHD was observed, but distinct effects were observed for stroke. Ambient traffic-specific PM showed a stronger effect on stroke than industry-specific PM: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for total, traffic-specific, and industry-specific PM2.5 were 1.16 (1.02-1.34), 2.53 (1.07-5.97), and 1.27 (1.03-1.56) per 1 μg/m3 increase, respectively. PM components showed no substantially different effects from those of total PM per IQR, but higher associations were observed for NH4 and SO4 per 1 μg/m3. However, the exposure contrast of ammonium and sulfate components was very low. CONCLUSION Traffic-specific PM exhibited stronger effects than total and industry-specific PM on risk of stroke. Among components, NH4 and SO4 showed higher effects. No effect was observed for PM and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Rodins
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Ohlwein
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Hennig
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Soppa
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Weimar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre of Urban Epidemiology, IMIBE, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Uta Slomiany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hou ZH, Wang M, Xu H, Budoff MJ, Szpiro AA, Vedal S, Kaufman JD, Lu B. Ambient air pollution, traffic proximity and coronary atherosclerotic phenotype in China. Environ Res 2020; 188:109841. [PMID: 32846635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with cardiovascular risk, potentially via atherosclerosis promotion. The disease mechanisms underlying these associations remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate the relationship of air pollution and traffic proximity with subclinical atherosclerosis, using coronary plaque phenotypes to gain insight into potential mechanisms. METHODS Coronary plaque total and component volumes, high-risk plaque (HRP) appearance, and luminal stenosis were characterized by coronary computed tomography angiography in 2279 patients with atherosclerosis at baseline between 2014 and 2017. Annual average exposure to air pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) was estimated by air pollution models for individual participants. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association of each exposure with plaque phenotypes and coronary stenosis, controlling for potential confounders. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate associations with plaque vulnerability. RESULTS The studied population was 60.2±9.2 years old. PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were significantly associated with a 5.0% (95%CI: 0.3, 9.9%, per 15 μg/m3 increase for PM2.5), 12.0% (95%CI: 2.5, 22.5% per 20 μg/m3 for NO2) larger volume of non-calcified plaque, respectively. Increase in O3 concentration was associated with a 12.2% (95%CI: 2.2, 23.2%, per 5 μg/m3 O3) larger volume of calcified plaque and a 12.8% (95%CI: 0.9, 26.2%) greater lumen narrowing. Increased PM2.5 and NO2, was also associated with increase in HRP, determined by the napkin ring sign (odds ratio: 1.41 [95%CI: 1.10, 1.80] for PM2.5 and 1.78 [95%CI: 1.20, 2.63] for NO2) and positive remodeling index (OR: 1.11 [95%CI: 1.01, 1.21] for PM2.5 and 1.20 [95%CI: 1.02, 1.42] for NO2), respectively, indicating increased plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSION Long-term exposures to air pollution were associated with greater plaque volume and luminal stenosis, and increased plaque vulnerability with attendant risk of plaque rupture and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Moebus S, Gruehn D, Poppen J, Sutcliffe R, Haselhoff T, Lawrence B. [Acoustic quality and urban health-more than just noise and silence]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:997-1003. [PMID: 32651659 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
New approaches in urban development are required to transform cities into sustainable places. This demands a higher degree of urban density, which is hardly conceivable without an increase in sound - mostly in the form of noise. To achieve a high level of acceptance for densification, high-quality and acoustically pleasant urban spaces are essential. Noise reduction measures are necessary, but not sufficient. What is needed is a broadening of the perspective of noise. For urban public health we propose the soundscape approach from two different scientific disciplines. Here, sounds are qualities that can be designed in urban spaces and are an important resource for a healthy city. Linking knowledge about the acoustic environment with human perception will significantly improve our understanding of the relationships between urban acoustic environments, urban spatial contexts, and their effects on human health, both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, a systematic application of these approaches to urban soundscapes is still missing, as is the joint implementation of soundscape approaches in noise impact and urban public health research. This paper aims to introduce the terms sound and noise as well as two soundscape approaches. Subsequently, the aims and methods of the acoustic quality and health in urban environments (SALVE) pilot project are presented. The paper provides early insight into the new field of urban sound quality and soundscapes in the context of urban public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Moebus
- Institut für Urban Public Health, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - Dietwald Gruehn
- Fakultät Raumplanung, Lehrstuhl Landschaftsökologie und Landschaftsplanung, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Jonas Poppen
- Institut für Urban Public Health, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Robynne Sutcliffe
- Institut für Urban Public Health, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Timo Haselhoff
- Institut für Urban Public Health, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Bryce Lawrence
- Fakultät Raumplanung, Lehrstuhl Landschaftsökologie und Landschaftsplanung, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland
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Zhang J, Feng L, Hou C, Gu Q. Health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to ambient fine particulate matter in Tianjin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:13261-13275. [PMID: 32020454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the industrialization level in China, high concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)) could have a great impact on the health of the population. Our study is to quantify the health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to PM2.5 in Tianjin, China. We obtained the data on cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CD) mortalities to quantify the association between CVD, CD, and IHD mortalities and PM2.5 and calculate health and economic benefits when the annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reduced to National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines by using our concentration response (C-R) functions. There were 435.22 (95% CI 253.86 to 616.57) all-cause, 130.22 (95% CI 66.34 to194.09) IHD, and 204.07 (95% CI 111.66 to 296.47) CD deaths attributed to PM2.5 and the economic benefits obtained by preventing all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities were equivalent to be 2.79%, 0.83%, and 1.31% of Baodi's GDP in Tianjin in 2017, respectively. PM2.5 concentration was positive with all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities in rural, suburban, and urban area of Tianjin, China. Meanwhile, the number of avoidable deaths and economic cost of reducing PM2.5 concentrations to NAAQS and WHO guidelines was highest in the rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Tianjin, China.
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Baumgartner J, Brauer M, Ezzati M. The role of cities in reducing the cardiovascular impacts of environmental pollution in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32089131 PMCID: PMC7038592 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-1499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As low- and middle-income countries urbanize and industrialize, they must also cope with pollution emitted from diverse sources. MAIN TEXT Strong and consistent evidence associates exposure to air pollution and lead with increased risk of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. Further, increasing evidence, mostly from high-income countries, indicates that exposure to noise and to both high and low temperatures may also increase cardiovascular risk. There is considerably less research on the cardiovascular impacts of environmental conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the levels of pollution are often higher and the types and sources of pollution markedly different from those in higher-income settings. However, as such evidence gathers, actions to reduce exposures to pollution in low- and middle-income countries are warranted, not least because such exposures are very high. Cities, where pollution, populations, and other cardiovascular risk factors are most concentrated, may be best suited to reduce the cardiovascular burden in LMICs by applying environmental standards and policies to mitigate pollution and by implementing interventions that target the most vulnerable. The physical environment of cities can be improved though municipal processes, including infrastructure development, energy and transportation planning, and public health actions. Local regulations can incentivize or inhibit the polluting behaviors of industries and individuals. Environmental monitoring can be combined with public health warning systems and publicly available exposure maps to inform residents of environmental hazards and encourage the adoption of pollution-avoiding behaviors. Targeted individual or neighborhood interventions that identify and treat high-risk populations (e.g., lead mitigation, portable air cleaners, and preventative medications) can also be leveraged in the very near term. Research will play a key role in evaluating whether these approaches achieve their intended benefits, and whether these benefits reach the most vulnerable. CONCLUSION Cities in LMICs can play a defining role in global health and cardiovascular disease prevention in the next several decades, as they are well poised to develop innovative, multisectoral approaches to pollution mitigation, while also protecting the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Center for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for NCD Surveillance and Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M. Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:688-697. [PMID: 29420965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Noise has been found associated with annoyance, stress, sleep disturbance, and impaired cognitive performance. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have found that environmental noise is associated with an increased incidence of arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Observational and translational studies indicate that especially nighttime noise increases levels of stress hormones and vascular oxidative stress, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension. Novel experimental studies found aircraft noise to be associated with oxidative stress-induced vascular damage, mediated by activation of the NADPH oxidase, uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular infiltration with inflammatory cells. Transcriptome analysis of aortic tissues from animals exposed to aircraft noise revealed changes in the expression of genes responsible for the regulation of vascular function, vascular remodeling, and cell death. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the epidemiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases and provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying noise-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Frank P Schmidt
- University Medical Center Mainz Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- University Medical Center Mainz Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Herzog
- University Medical Center Mainz Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hennig F, Moebus S, Reinsch N, Budde T, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Lehmann N, Hoffmann B, Kälsch H. Investigation of air pollution and noise on progression of thoracic aortic calcification: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:965-974. [PMID: 31189380 PMCID: PMC7272124 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319854818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims Air pollution and noise are potential risk factors for subclinical
atherosclerosis. Longitudinal analyses, especially on the interplay of these
environmental factors, are scarce and inconsistent. Hence we investigated
long-term traffic-related exposure to air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of thoracic aortic calcification, a marker of
subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods We used baseline (2000–2003) and follow-up (2006–2008) data from the German
Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4814 middle-aged adults.
Residence-based air pollution (PM2.5 (aerodynamic
diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), PM10, nitrogen dioxide and particle number),
and noise was assessed with dispersion models. Thoracic aortic calcification
was quantified from non-contrast enhanced electron beam computed tomography.
The presence and extent of thoracic aortic calcification progression were
analysed with multiple logistic and linear regression models, respectively,
adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status and
respective co-exposure. Results We observed no association in the full study sample
(n = 3155, mean age 59.1 (±7.6) years, 52.8% women). While
an interquartile range in particle number and night-time noise yielded odds
ratios of 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) and 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) for binary thoracic aortic
calcification progression, and 0.02 (–0.01, 0.05) and 0.04 (0.00, 0.07)
higher growth rates of thoracic aortic calcification in participants with
baseline thoracic aortic calcification less than 10, negative findings were
observed in those with baseline thoracic aortic calcification of 10 or
greater. Results were similar for other pollutants and daytime noise. Conclusion Our study shows no overall associations. Subgroup analyses suggest
independent associations of traffic-related air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in participants
with no or minor thoracic aortic calcification at baseline, in contrast to
negative findings in those with advanced calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hennig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Reinsch
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany.,Medical Department, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hagen Kälsch
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany.,Medical Department, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
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Wang M, Hou ZH, Xu H, Liu Y, Budoff MJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Lu B. Association of Estimated Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Traffic Proximity With a Marker for Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Nationwide Study in China. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e196553. [PMID: 31251382 PMCID: PMC6604100 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiologic evidence of the mechanisms of the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD) is limited and relies heavily on studies performed in Europe and the United States, where air pollution levels are relatively low. In particular, the association between air pollution and CHD in patients with underlying risks for CHD is understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether air pollution and proximity to traffic are associated with the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a key atherosclerotic marker. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective, population-based cross-sectional study in a large-scale setting in China, 8867 consecutive patients aged 25 to 92 years with suspected CHD were recruited between November 17, 2015, and September 13, 2017. Participants were excluded if they had previous myocardial infarction, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting or incomplete risk factors and exposure data. Each participant underwent assessment of CAC and CHD risk factors at baseline. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to November 2018. EXPOSURES Annual means of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at the participants' residences using a validated geostatistical prediction model. Exposure to a nearby roadway was also estimated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Computed tomography measurement of CAC score. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 8867 participants was 56.9 (10.4) years; 4378 (53.6%) were men. Annual mean (SD) PM2.5, NO2, and O3 measurements were 70.1 (20.0), 41.4 (14.7), and 93.9 (10.5) μg/m3, respectively. The mean (SD) CAC score was 91.4 (322.2) Agatston units. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, adjusting for CHD risk factors and multiple pollutants, were independently associated with increases in CAC scores of 27.2% (95% CI, 10.8% to 46.1%) per 30 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 24.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 49.7%) per 20 μg/m3 NO2. For PM2.5, odds of both detectable CAC (Agatston score >0; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45) and severe CAC (Agatston score >400; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.12) were increased. Associations of CAC with PM2.5 and NO2 were greater among male participants (PM2.5: 42.2%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 62.7%; NO2: 45.7%; 95% CI, 25.3% to 69.5%) and elderly participants (PM2.5: 50.1%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 75.0%; NO2: 55.5%; 95% CI, 31.8% to 83.6%) and those with diabetes (PM2.5: 62.2%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 101.0%; NO2: 31.2%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 51.0%). Independent association with CAC score was 9.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to 20.4%) for O3 per 15 μg/m3 and 2.4% (95% CI, -0.6% to 5.4%) for distance near roadway per 50% decrease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large Chinese study, long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were independently associated with severity of CAC. This finding may provide support for the pathophysiological role of coronary atherosclerosis through which air pollution exposure may be associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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50
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Liu J, Liang S, Du Z, Zhang J, Sun B, Zhao T, Yang X, Shi Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5 aggravates the lipid accumulation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in macrophage foam cells. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:482-490. [PMID: 30928520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showed that the particulate matter exposure is associated with atherosclerotic plaque progression, which may be related to foam cell formation, but the mechanism is still unknown. The study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects and possible mechanism of PM2.5 on the formation of macrophage foam cells induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Results showed that PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the cell viability and increasing the LDH level in macrophage foam cells. PM2.5 aggravated the lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 within markedly increasing level of intracellular lipid by Oil red O staining. The level of ROS increased obivously after co-exposure to PM2.5 and ox-LDL than single exposure group. In addition, serious mitochondrial damage such as the mitochondrial swelling, cristae rupturing and disappearance were observed in macrophage foam cells. The loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) further exacerbated the mitochondrial damage in PM2.5-induced macrophage foam cells. The apoptotic rate increased more severely via up-regulated protein level of Bax, Cyt C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and down-regulated that of Bcl-2, indicating that PM2.5 activated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. In summary, our results demonstrated that PM2.5 aggravated the lipid accumulation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in macrophage foam cells, suggesting that PM2.5 was a risk factor of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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