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Shemesh H, Bruns TD, Peay KG, Kennedy PG, Nguyen NH. Changing balance between dormancy and mortality determines the trajectory of ectomycorrhizal fungal spore longevity over a 15-yr burial experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:11-15. [PMID: 36519214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Shemesh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, 1220800, Israel
| | - Thomas D Bruns
- University and Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Pecundo MH, dela Cruz TEE, Chen T, Notarte KI, Ren H, Li N. Diversity, Phylogeny and Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Endemic Species of Cycas (Cycadales) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:572. [PMID: 34356951 PMCID: PMC8304459 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture-based approach was used to characterize the fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of the endemic Cycas debaoensis and Cycas fairylakea from various population sites in China. We aim to determine if the assemblages of fungal endophytes inside these endemic plant hosts are distinct and could be explored for bioprospecting. The isolation method yielded a total of 284 culturable fungal strains. Identification based on the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA showed that they belonged to two phyla, five classes, eight orders and 22 families. At least 33 known genera and 62 different species were confirmed based on >97% ITS sequence similarity. The most frequent and observed core taxa in the two host species regardless of their population origin were Talaromyces, Penicillium, Fusarium, Pochonia and Gliocladiopsis. Seventy percent was a rare component of the fungal communities with only one or two recorded isolates. Contrary to common notions, diversity and fungal richness were significantly higher in C. debaoensis and C. fairylakea collected from a botanical garden, while the lowest was observed in C. debaoensis from a natural habitat; this provides evidence that garden management, and to a minor extent, ex-situ conservation practice, could influence fungal endophyte communities. We further selected nineteen fungal isolates and screened for their antagonistic activities via a co-cultivation approach against the phytopathogens, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Among these, five isolates with high ITS similarity matches with Hypoxylon vinosupulvinatum (GD019, 99.61%), Penicillium sp. (BD022, 100%), Penicillifer diparietisporus (GD008, 99.46%), Clonostachys rogersoniana (BF024, 99.46%) and C. rosea (BF011, 99.1%), which showed exceptional antagonistic activities against the phytopathogenic fungi with a significant inhibition rate of 70-80%. Taken together, our data presented the first and most comprehensive molecular work on culturable fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of cycads. Our study also demonstrated that about 5% of fungal endophytes were not detected by the high-throughput sequencing approach, implying the equal importance of a culture-dependent approach to study fungal communities of cycads. We further highlighted the potential role of endemic and rare plants to discover and isolate unique plant-associated fungal taxa with excellent biocontrol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Pecundo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (M.H.P.); (H.R.)
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Tao Chen
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Hai Ren
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (M.H.P.); (H.R.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Li
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hewitt RE, DeVan MR, Lagutina IV, Genet H, McGuire AD, Taylor DL, Mack MC. Mycobiont contribution to tundra plant acquisition of permafrost-derived nitrogen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:126-141. [PMID: 31580482 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As Arctic soils warm, thawed permafrost releases nitrogen (N) that could stimulate plant productivity and thus offset soil carbon losses from tundra ecosystems. Although mycorrhizal fungi could facilitate plant access to permafrost-derived N, their exploration capacity beyond host plant root systems into deep, cold active layer soils adjacent to the permafrost table is unknown. We characterized root-associated fungi (RAF) that colonized ericoid (ERM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) shrub roots and occurred below the maximum rooting depth in permafrost thaw-front soil in tussock and shrub tundra communities. We explored the relationships between root and thaw front fungal composition and plant uptake of a 15 N tracer applied at the permafrost boundary. We show that ERM and ECM shrubs associate with RAF at the thaw front providing evidence for potential mycelial connectivity between roots and the permafrost boundary. Among shrubs and tundra communities, RAF connectivity to the thaw boundary was ubiquitous. The occurrence of particular RAF in both roots and thaw front soil was positively correlated with 15 N recovered in shrub biomass Taxon-specific RAF associations could be a mechanism for the vertical redistribution of deep, permafrost-derived nutrients, which may alleviate N limitation and stimulate productivity in warming tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Hewitt
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5620, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - M Rae DeVan
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Irina V Lagutina
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Helene Genet
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - A David McGuire
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - D Lee Taylor
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Michelle C Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 5620, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Pither J, Pickles BJ, Simard SW, Ordonez A, Williams JW. Below-ground biotic interactions moderated the postglacial range dynamics of trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1148-1160. [PMID: 29770964 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tree range shifts during geohistorical global change events provide a useful real-world model for how future changes in forest biomes may proceed. In North America, during the last deglaciation, the distributions of tree taxa varied significantly as regards the rate and direction of their responses for reasons that remain unclear. Local-scale processes such as establishment, growth, and resilience to environmental stress ultimately influence range dynamics. Despite the fact that interactions between trees and soil biota are known to influence local-scale processes profoundly, evidence linking below-ground interactions to distribution dynamics remains scarce. We evaluated climate velocity and plant traits related to dispersal, environmental tolerance and below-ground symbioses, as potential predictors of the geohistorical rates of expansion and contraction of the core distributions of tree genera between 16 and 7 ka bp. The receptivity of host genera towards ectomycorrhizal fungi was strongly supported as a positive predictor of poleward rates of distribution expansion, and seed mass was supported as a negative predictor. Climate velocity gained support as a positive predictor of rates of distribution contraction, but not expansion. Our findings indicate that understanding how tree distributions, and thus forest ecosystems, respond to climate change requires the simultaneous consideration of traits, biotic interactions and abiotic forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pither
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suzanne W Simard
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Department of Bioscience - Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Queen's University Belfast - School of Biological Sciences, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John W Williams
- Department of Geography and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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