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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Catahay JA, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Macapagal S, Caldararo M, Henry BM, Lippi G, Franco-Moreno A, Notarte KI. Correction: Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02208-x. [PMID: 38451416 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de La Torre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sharina Macapagal
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Mario Caldararo
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ana Franco-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de La Torre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ligi D, Della Franca C, Notarte KI, Goldrich N, Kavteladze D, Henry BM, Mannello F. Platelet distribution width (PDW) as a significant correlate of COVID-19 infection severity and mortality. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:385-395. [PMID: 37725416 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause a wide spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic, to mild respiratory symptoms and life-threatening sepsis. Among the clinical laboratory biomarkers analyzed during COVID-19 pandemic, platelet indices have raised great interest, due to the critical involvement of platelets in COVID-19-related thromboinflammation. Through an electronic literature search on MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and preprint servers we performed and updated a systematic review aimed at providing a detailed analysis of studies addressing the potential clinical utility of platelet distribution width, platelet distribution width (PDW), in laboratory medicine, exploring the possible association between increased PDW levels, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19. Our systematic review revealed a wide heterogeneity of COVID-19 cohorts examined and a lack of homogenous expression of platelet indices. We found that 75 % of studies reported significantly elevated PDW values in COVID-19 infected cohorts compared to healthy/non-COVID-19 controls, and 40 % of studies reported that patients with severe COVID-19 showed increased PDW values than those with less-than-severe illness. Interestingly, 71.4 % of studies demonstrated significant increased PDW values in non survivors vs. survivors. Overall, these results suggest that platelets are critically involved as major players in the process of immunothrombosis in COVID-19, and platelet reactivity and morphofunctional alterations are mirrored by PDW, as indicator of platelet heterogeneity. Our results confirm that the use of PDW as prognostic biomarkers of COVID-19 sepsis still remains debated due to the limited number of studies to draw a conclusion, but new opportunities to investigate the crucial role of platelets in thrombo-inflammation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ligi
- Laboratories of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences - DISB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Franca
- Laboratories of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences - DISB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Kavteladze
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Laboratories of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences - DISB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Ver AT, Culasino Carandang THD, Guerrero JJ, Franco-Moreno A, Chung W, Notarte KI. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0036. [PMID: 38366966 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral persistence is one of the main hypotheses explaining the presence of post-COVID symptoms. This systematic review investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, stool, urine, and nasal/oral swab samples in individuals with post-COVID symptomatology. CONTENT MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to November 25th, 2023. Articles investigating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, stool, urine or nasal/oral swab samples in patients with post-COVID symptoms were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane's Risk of Bias (Rob) tool. SUMMARY From 322 studies identified, six studies met all inclusion criteria. The sample included 678 COVID-19 survivors (52 % female, aged from 29 to 66 years). The methodological quality was moderate in 88 % of the studies (n=5/6). Three papers investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma, three studies in nasal/oral swabs, two studies in stool samples, one in urine and one in saliva. The follow-up was shorter than two months (<60 days after) in 66 % of the studies (n=4/6). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA ranged from 5 to 59 % in patients with post-COVID symptoms the first two months after infection, depending on the sample tested, however, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also identified in COVID-19 survivors without post-COVID symptoms (one study). OUTLOOK Available evidence can suggest the presence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA in post-COVID patients in the short term, although the biases within the studies do not permit us to make firm assumptions. The association between post-COVID symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples tested is also conflicting. The lack of comparative group without post-COVID symptoms limits the generalizability of viral persistence in post-COVID-19 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 619352 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre 571738 , Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 571738 Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, 24054 Monmouth Medical Center , Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 125865 University of Santo Tomas , Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Ana Franco-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre 571738 , Madrid, Spain
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, 1500 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, 1500 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA
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Fernandez-de-Las-Peñas C, Notarte KI, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Catahay JA, Ver AT, Chung W, Valera-Calero JA, Navarro-Santana M. Persistence of post-COVID symptoms in the general population two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2024; 88:77-88. [PMID: 38101521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms two-years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Electronic literature searches on PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, and on medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers were conducted up to October 1, 2023. Studies reporting data on post-COVID symptoms at two-years after infection were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used for meta-analytical pooled prevalence of each symptom. RESULTS From 742 studies identified, twelve met inclusion criteria. The sample included 7912 COVID-19 survivors (50.7% female; age: 59.5, SD: 16.3). Post-COVID symptoms were assessed at a follow-up of 722.9 (SD: 51.5) days after. The overall methodological quality of studies was moderate (mean: 6/10, SD: 1.2 points). The most prevalent post-COVID symptoms two-years after SARS-CoV-2 infection were fatigue (28.0%, 95%CI 12.0-47.0), cognitive impairments (27.6%, 95%CI 12.6-45.8), and pain (8.4%, 95%CI 4.9-12.8). Psychological disturbances such as anxiety (13.4%, 95%CI 6.3-22.5) and depressive (18.0%, 95%CI 4.8-36.7) levels as well as sleep problems (20.9%, 95%CI 5.25-43.25) were also prevalent. Pooled data showed high heterogeneity (I2 ≥ 75%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows the presence of post-COVID symptoms in 30% of patients two-years after COVID-19. Fatigue, cognitive disorders, and pain were the most prevalent post-COVID symptoms. Psychological disturbances as well as sleep problems were still present two-years after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Fernandez-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, USA
| | | | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan A Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Navarro-Santana
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Catahay JA, Macasaet R, Velasco JV, Macapagal S, Caldararo M, Henry BM, Lippi G, Franco-Moreno A, Notarte KI. Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review. Infection 2024; 52:43-58. [PMID: 38113020 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preliminary evidence suggests a potential effect of antiviral medication used during the acute COVID-19 phase for preventing long-COVID. This review investigates if having received pharmacological treatment during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may reduce the risk of long-COVID. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to July 15th, 2023. Articles comparing the presence of long-COVID symptoms between individuals who received or not a specific medication, particularly antivirals, during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane's Risk of Bias (Rob) tool. RESULTS From 517 studies identified, 6 peer-reviewed studies and one preprint met all inclusion criteria. The sample included 2683 (n = 4) hospitalized COVID-19 survivors and 307,409 (n = 3) non-hospitalized patients. The methodological quality was high in 71% of studies (n = 5/7). Two studies investigating the effects of Nirmaltrevir/Ritonavir and three studies the effect of Remdesivir reported conflicting results on effectiveness for preventing long-COVID. Three studies investigating the effects of other medication such as Dexamethasone (n = 2) or Metformin (n = 1) found positive results of these medications for preventing long-COVID. CONCLUSION Available evidence about the effect of medication treatment with antivirals during acute COVID-19 and reduced risk of developing long-COVID is conflicting. Heterogeneous evidence suggests that Remdesivir or Nirmaltrevir/Ritonavir could have a potential protective effect for long-COVID. A limited number of studies demonstrated a potential benefit of other medications such as Dexamethasone or Metformin, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de La Torre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sharina Macapagal
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Mario Caldararo
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ana Franco-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de La Torre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tu HF, Wong M, Tseng SH, Ingavat N, Olczak P, Notarte KI, Hung CF, Roden RBS. Virus-like particle vaccine displaying an external, membrane adjacent MUC16 epitope elicits ovarian cancer-reactive antibodies. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 38225646 PMCID: PMC10790439 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MUC16 is a heavily glycosylated cell surface mucin cleaved in the tumor microenvironment to shed CA125. CA125 is a serum biomarker expressed by > 95% of non-mucinous advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancers. MUC16/CA125 contributes to the evasion of anti-tumor immunity, peritoneal spread and promotes carcinogenesis; consequently, it has been targeted with antibody-based passive and active immunotherapy. However, vaccination against this self-antigen likely requires breaking B cell tolerance and may trigger autoimmune disease. Display of self-antigens on virus-like particles (VLPs), including those produced with human papillomavirus (HPV) L1, can efficiently break B cell tolerance. RESULTS A 20 aa juxta-membrane peptide of the murine MUC16 (mMUC16) or human MUC16 (hMUC16) ectodomain was displayed either via genetic insertion into an immunodominant loop of HPV16 L1-VLPs between residues 136/137, or by chemical coupling using malemide to cysteine sulfhydryl groups on their surface. Female mice were vaccinated intramuscularly three times with either DNA expressing L1-MUC16 fusions via electroporation, or with alum-formulated VLP chemically-coupled to MUC16 peptides. Both regimens were well tolerated, and elicited MUC16-specific serum IgG, although titers were higher in mice vaccinated with MUC16-coupled VLP on alum as compared to L1-MUC16 DNA vaccination. Antibody responses to mMUC16-targeted vaccination cross-reacted with hMUC16 peptide, and vice versa; both were reactive with the surface of CA125+ OVCAR3 cells, but not SKOV3 that lack detectable CA125 expression. Interestingly, vaccination of mice with mMUC16 peptide mixed with VLP and alum elicited mMUC16-specific IgG, implying VLPs provide robust T help and that coupling may not be required to break tolerance to this epitope. CONCLUSION Vaccination with VLP displaying the 20 aa juxta-membrane MUC16 ectodomain, which includes the membrane proximal cleavage site, is likely to be well tolerated and induce IgG targeting ovarian cancer cells, even after CA125 is shed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Margaret Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nattha Ingavat
- Downstream Processing (DSP), Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Pola Olczak
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Macasaet R, Liu J, Velasco JV, Peligro PJ, Vallo J, Goldrich N, Lahoti L, Zhou J, Henry BM. Infusion reactions to adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy: Mechanisms, diagnostics, treatment and review of the literature. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29305. [PMID: 38116715 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in gene therapy has demonstrated great potential in treating genetic disorders. However, infusion-associated reactions (IARs) pose a significant challenge to the safety and efficacy of AAV-based gene therapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of IARs to AAV therapy, including their underlying mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Toll-like receptor activation and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with IARs, stimulating neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) and T-cell responses that interfere with gene therapy. Risk factors for IARs include high titers of pre-existing Nabs, previous exposure to AAV, and specific comorbidities. Clinical presentation ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to severe anaphylaxis and can occur during or after AAV administration. There are no established guidelines for pre- and postadministration tests for AAV therapies, and routine laboratory requests are not standardized. Treatment options include corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and supportive medications such as antihistamines and acetaminophen, but there is no consensus on the route of administration, dosage, and duration. This review highlights the inadequacy of current treatment regimens for IARs and the need for further research to improve the safety and efficacy of AAV-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Jolaine Vallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Lokesh Lahoti
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pilapil JD, Notarte KI, Yeung KL. The dominance of co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114224. [PMID: 37523818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 remains one of the biggest global health problems, which has already reached our wastewater through fecal shedding by COVID-19 patients. While the development of vaccines has mitigated the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic, the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater lack monitoring and understanding. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater were identified by analyzing 8511 wastewater-derived genome sequences from 9 countries from March 2020 to May 2023. The dominance of co-circulating variants was observed, namely B.1 in 2020, Alpha and Delta in 2021, then superseded by Omicron lineages in 2022 with a three-times increase. Mutations were also profiled, revealing nearly 5031 unique amino acid substitutions occurring approximately 371,591 times, some of which were associated with enhanced viral transmission and fitness. This study provided the first long-term multi-country overview of the prevalence of co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages and mutations in wastewater and showed its comparison with conventional epidemiological surveillance. The results highlight the ability of wastewater-based genome monitoring to supplement clinical surveillance efforts in rapidly detecting viruses up to the strain level to keep track of their potential transmission routes and evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Pilapil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - King Lun Yeung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Peligro PJ, Velasco JV, Ver AT, Guerrero JJ, Liu J, Lippi G, Benoit SW, Henry BM, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Humoral Response in Hemodialysis Patients Post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040724. [PMID: 37112636 PMCID: PMC10142871 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 600 million individuals and caused nearly 7 million deaths worldwide (10 January 2023). Patients with renal disease undergoing hemodialysis are among those most adversely affected, with an increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. This systematic review aimed to pool evidence assessing the humoral response of hemodialysis patients (HDP) post-mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. A systematic search of the literature was performed through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers up to 10 January 2023. Cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported an immune response in one group of patients undergoing hemodialysis who received mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with another group of patients receiving the same vaccine but not on hemodialysis. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate due to the high heterogeneity between studies. From the 120 studies identified, nine (n = 1969 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 8/9, 88%) were of high or medium methodological quality (≥6/9 stars). The results revealed that HDP developed lower antibody levels across all timepoints post-vaccination when compared with controls. Patients with chronic kidney disease elicited the highest antibody immune response, followed by HDP and, lastly, kidney transplant recipients. Overall, post-vaccination antibody titers were comparatively lower than in the healthy population. Current results imply that robust vaccination strategies are needed to address waning immune responses in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | | | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Jaime Guerrero
- Learning Unit IV, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1001, Philippines
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefanie W Benoit
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45103, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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Sharma D, Notarte KI, Fernandez RA, Lippi G, Gromiha MM, Henry BM. In silico evaluation of the impact of Omicron variant of concern sublineage BA.4 and BA.5 on the sensitivity of RT-qPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection using whole genome sequencing. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28241. [PMID: 36263448 PMCID: PMC9874926 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VoC) Omicron (B.1.1.529) has rapidly spread around the world, presenting a new threat to global public human health. Due to the large number of mutations accumulated by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, concerns have emerged over potentially reduced diagnostic accuracy of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the gold standard diagnostic test for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of the currently endemic Omicron sublineages BA.4 and BA.5 on the integrity and sensitivity of RT-qPCR assays used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis via in silico analysis. We employed whole genome sequencing data and evaluated the potential for false negatives or test failure due to mismatches between primers/probes and the Omicron VoC viral genome. METHODS In silico sensitivity of 12 RT-qPCR tests (containing 30 primers and probe sets) developed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) or available in the literature, was assessed for specifically detecting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages, obtained after removing redundancy from publicly available genomes from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) databases. Mismatches between amplicon regions of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC and primers and probe sets were evaluated, and clustering analysis of corresponding amplicon sequences was carried out. RESULTS From the 1164 representative SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC BA.4 sublineage genomes analyzed, a substitution in the first five nucleotides (C to T) of the amplicon's 3'-end was observed in all samples resulting in 0% sensitivity for assays HKUnivRdRp/Hel (mismatch in reverse primer) and CoremCharite N (mismatch in both forward and reverse primers). Due to a mismatch in the forward primer's 5'-end (3-nucleotide substitution, GGG to AAC), the sensitivity of the ChinaCDC N assay was at 0.69%. The 10 nucleotide mismatches in the reverse primer resulted in 0.09% sensitivity for Omicron sublineage BA.4 for Thai N assay. Of the 1926 BA.5 sublineage genomes, HKUnivRdRp/Hel assay also had 0% sensitivity. A sensitivity of 3.06% was observed for the ChinaCDC N assay because of a mismatch in the forward primer's 5'-end (3-nucleotide substitution, GGG to AAC). Similarly, due to the 10 nucleotide mismatches in the reverse primer, the Thai N assay's sensitivity was low at 0.21% for sublineage BA.5. Further, eight assays for BA.4 sublineage retained high sensitivity (more than 97%) and 9 assays for BA.5 sublineage retained more than 99% sensitivity. CONCLUSION We observed four assays (HKUnivRdRp/Hel, ChinaCDC N, Thai N, CoremCharite N) that could potentially result in false negative results for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoCs BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages. Interestingly, CoremCharite N had 0% sensitivity for Omicron Voc BA.4 but 99.53% sensitivity for BA.5. In addition, 66.67% of the assays for BA.4 sublineage and 75% of the assays for BA.5 sublineage retained high sensitivity. Further, amplicon clustering and additional substitution analysis along with sensitivity analysis could be used for the modification and development of RT-qPCR assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC sublineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rey Arturo Fernandez
- Ateneo de Manila University Professional SchoolsRockwell CenterMakatiPhilippines
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical BiochemistryUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Brandon M. Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
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11
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Quimque MT, Notarte KI, Adviento XA, Cabunoc MH, de Leon VN, Delos Reyes FSL, Lugtu EJ, Manzano JA, Monton SN, Muñoz JE, Ong KD, Pilapil DY, Roque V, Tan SM, Lim JA, Macabeo AP. Polyphenolic Natural Products Active In Silico Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domains and Non-structural Proteins - A Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:459-488. [PMID: 34533442 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666210917113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been proven to be more severe than the previous coronavirus outbreaks due to the virus' high transmissibility. With the emergence of new variants, this global phenomenon took a more dramatic turn, with many countries recently experiencing higher surges of confirmed cases and deaths. On top of this, the inadequacy of effective treatment options for COVID-19 aggravated the problem. As a way to address the unavailability of target-specific viral therapeutics, computational strategies have been employed to hasten and systematize the search. The objective of this review is to provide initial data highlighting the utility of polyphenols as potential prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19. In particular, presented here are virtually screened polyphenolic compounds which showed potential as either antagonists to viral entry and host cell recognition through binding with various receptor-binding regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or as inhibitors of viral replication and post-translational modifications through binding with essential SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tristan Quimque
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Xela Amor Adviento
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Mikhail Harvey Cabunoc
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Von Novi de Leon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | | | - Eiron John Lugtu
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Joe Anthony Manzano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Sofia Nicole Monton
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - John Emmanuel Muñoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Katherine Denise Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Delfin Yñigo Pilapil
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Vito Roque
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015,Philippines
| | - Sophia Morgan Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Justin Allen Lim
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015,Philippines
| | - Allan Patrick Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
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12
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Notarte KI, de Oliveira MHS, Peligro PJ, Velasco JV, Macaranas I, Ver AT, Pangilinan FC, Pastrana A, Goldrich N, Kavteladze D, Gellaco MML, Liu J, Lippi G, Henry BM, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Age, Sex and Previous Comorbidities as Risk Factors Not Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247314. [PMID: 36555931 PMCID: PMC9787827 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of predictors of long COVID-19 is essential for managing healthcare plans of patients. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify risk factors not associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but rather potentially predictive of the development of long COVID-19. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers were screened through 15 September 2022. Peer-reviewed studies or preprints evaluating potential pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection risk factors for the development of long-lasting symptoms were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPSs) tool. Random-effects meta-analyses with calculation of odds ratio (OR) were performed in those risk factors where a homogenous long COVID-19 definition was used. From 1978 studies identified, 37 peer-reviewed studies and one preprint were included. Eighteen articles evaluated age, sixteen articles evaluated sex, and twelve evaluated medical comorbidities as risk factors of long COVID-19. Overall, single studies reported that old age seems to be associated with long COVID-19 symptoms (n = 18); however, the meta-analysis did not reveal an association between old age and long COVID-19 (n = 3; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.03, p = 0.17). Similarly, single studies revealed that female sex was associated with long COVID-19 symptoms (n = 16); which was confirmed in the meta-analysis (n = 7; OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.86, p = 0.01). Finally, medical comorbidities such as pulmonary disease (n = 4), diabetes (n = 1), obesity (n = 6), and organ transplantation (n = 1) were also identified as potential risk factors for long COVID-19. The risk of bias of most studies (71%, n = 27/38) was moderate or high. In conclusion, pooled evidence did not support an association between advancing age and long COVID-19 but supported that female sex is a risk factor for long COVID-19. Long COVID-19 was also associated with some previous medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | - Imee Macaranas
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | | | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | | | - David Kavteladze
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-88-84
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13
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, Pastrana A, Ver AT, Pangilinan FC, Peligro PJ, Casimiro M, Guerrero JJ, Gellaco MML, Lippi G, Henry BM, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101624. [PMID: 36051247 PMCID: PMC9417563 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although COVID-19 vaccination decreases the risk of severe illness, it is unclear whether vaccine administration may impact the prevalence of long-COVID. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and long-COVID symptomatology. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to June 20, 2022. Peer-reviewed studies or preprints monitoring multiple symptoms appearing after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection either before or after COVID-19 vaccination collected by personal, telephone or electronic interviews were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. FINDINGS From 2584 studies identified, 11 peer-reviewed studies and six preprints were included. The methodological quality of 82% (n=14/17) studies was high. Six studies (n=17,256,654 individuals) investigated the impact of vaccines before acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (vaccine-infection-long-COVID design). Overall, vaccination was associated with reduced risks or odds of long-COVID, with preliminary evidence suggesting that two doses are more effective than one dose. Eleven studies (n=36,736 COVID-19 survivors) investigated changes in long-COVID symptoms after vaccination (infection-long-COVID-vaccine design). Seven articles showed an improvement in long-COVID symptoms at least one dose post-vaccination, while four studies reported no change or worsening in long-COVID symptoms after vaccination. INTERPRETATION Low level of evidence (grade III, case-controls, cohort studies) suggests that vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection could reduce the risk of subsequent long-COVID. The impact of vaccination in people with existing long-COVID symptoms is still controversial, with some data showing changes in symptoms and others did not. These assumptions are limited to those vaccines used in the studies. FUNDING The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM study supported by a grant of Comunidad de Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Michael Casimiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Jaime Guerrero
- Learning Unit 3, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, OH, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author at: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Catahay JA, Polintan ET, Casimiro M, Notarte KI, Velasco JV, Ver AT, Pastrana A, Macaranas I, Patarroyo-Aponte G, Lo KB. Balanced electrolyte solutions versus isotonic saline in adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2022; 54:74-79. [PMID: 35358905 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines suggest the use of isotonic saline (IS) infusion as the preferred resuscitation fluid in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, balanced electrolyte solutions (BES) have been proposed as an alternative due to a lower propensity to cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Evidence regarding the use of BES in DKA remains limited. OBJECTIVES To determine if the use of BES in fluid resuscitation leads to faster resolution of DKA compared to IS. METHODS The study involves a comprehensive search of literature from PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Science Direct of clinical trials addressing the use of BES vs IS in fluid resuscitation in DKA. The time to resolution of DKA was examined as the primary endpoint. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and Mean Difference (MD) in hours with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS The literature search included 464 studies that were screened individually. A total of 9 studies were identified but 6 studies were excluded due to irrelevance in the outcome of interest and target population. The pooled hazard ratio HR significantly revealed 1.46 [1.10 to 1.94] (p = 0.009) with 12% heterogeneity while MD was -3.02 (95% CI -6.78-0.74; p = 0.12) with heterogeneity of 85%. CONCLUSION Considering the evidence from pooled small randomized trials with moderate overall certainty of evidence, the use of BES in DKA was associated with faster rates of DKA resolution compared to IS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Casimiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Imee Macaranas
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gabriel Patarroyo-Aponte
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Bryan Lo
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
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15
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Notarte KI, Ver AT, Velasco JV, Pastrana A, Catahay JA, Salvagno GL, Yap EPH, Martinez-Sobrido L, B Torrelles J, Lippi G, Henry BM. Effects of age, sex, serostatus, and underlying comorbidities on humoral response post-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination: a systematic review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:373-390. [PMID: 35220860 PMCID: PMC8935447 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2038539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, several vaccines have been developed to mitigate its spread and prevent adverse consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA technology is an unprecedented vaccine, usually given in two doses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Despite effectiveness and safety, inter-individual immune response heterogeneity has been observed in recipients of mRNA-based vaccines. As a novel disease, the specific immune response mechanism responsible for warding off COVID-19 remains unclear at this point. However, significant evidence suggests that humoral response plays a crucial role in affording immunoprotection and preventing debilitating sequelae from COVID-19. As such, this paper focused on the possible effects of age, sex, serostatus, and comorbidities on humoral response (i.e. total antibodies, IgG, and/or IgA) of different populations post-mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. A systematic search of literature was performed through PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Science Direct, medRxiv, and Research Square. Studies were included if they reported humoral response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. A total of 32 studies were identified and reviewed, and the percent differences of means of reported antibody levels were calculated for comparison. Findings revealed that older individuals, male sex, seronegativity, and those with more comorbidities mounted less humoral immune response. Given these findings, several recommendations were proposed regarding the current vaccination practices. These include giving additional doses of vaccination for immunocompromised and elderly populations. Another recommendation is conducting clinical trials in giving a combined scheme of mRNA vaccines, protein vaccines, and vector-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy.,Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eric Peng Huat Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Clinical Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Notarte KI, Guerrero-Arguero I, Velasco JV, Ver AT, de Oliveira MHS, Catahay JA, Khan SR, Pastrana A, Juszczyk G, Torrelles JB, Lippi G, Martinez-Sobrido L, Henry BM. Characterization of the significant decline in humoral immune response six months post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2939-2961. [PMID: 35229324 PMCID: PMC9088566 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a progressive decline in the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA BNT161b2) and Moderna (mRNA-1273) in preventing breakthrough infections due to diminishing humoral immunity over time. Thus, this review characterizes the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) antibodies after the second dose of a primary cycle of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A systematic search of literature was performed and a total of 18 articles (N=15,980 participants) were identified and reviewed. The percent difference of means of reported antibody titers were then calculated to determine the decline in humoral response after the peak levels post-vaccination. Findings revealed that the peak humoral response was reached at 21-28 days after the second dose, after which serum levels progressively diminished at 4-6 months post-vaccination. Additionally, results showed that regardless of age, sex, serostatus and presence of comorbidities, longitudinal data reporting antibody measurement exhibited a decline of both anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and anti-spike IgG, ranging from 94-95% at 90-180 days and 55-85% at 140-160 days, respectively, after the peak antibody response. This suggests that the rate of antibody decline may be independent of patient-related factors and peak antibody titers but mainly a function of time and antibody class/molecular target. Hence, this study highlights the necessity of more efficient vaccination strategies to provide booster administration in attenuating the effects of waning immunity, especially in the appearance of new variants of concerns (VoCs). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Israel Guerrero-Arguero
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Siddiqur Rahman Khan
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Adriel Pastrana
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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17
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Tomas RC, Sayat AJ, Atienza AN, Danganan JL, Ramos MR, Fellizar A, Notarte KI, Angeles LM, Bangaoil R, Santillan A, Albano PM. Detection of breast cancer by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy using artificial neural networks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262489. [PMID: 35081148 PMCID: PMC8791515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three (3) neural networks (NN) were designed to discriminate between malignant (n = 78) and benign (n = 88) breast tumors using their respective attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral data. A proposed NN-based sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the most significant IR regions that distinguished benign from malignant samples. The result of the NN-based sensitivity analysis was compared to the obtained results from FTIR visual peak identification. In training each NN models, a 10-fold cross validation was performed and the performance metrics-area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity rate (SR), negative predictive value (NPV), and recall rate (RR)-were averaged for comparison. The NN models were compared to six (6) machine learning models-logistic regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-for benchmarking. The NN models were able to outperform the LR, NB, DT, RF, and LDA for all metrics; while only surpassing the SVM in accuracy, NPV and SR. The best performance metric among the NN models was 90.48% ± 10.30% for AUC, 96.06% ± 7.07% for ACC, 92.18 ± 11.88% for PPV, 94.19 ± 10.57% for NPV, 89.04% ± 16.75% for SR, and 94.34% ± 10.54% for RR. Results from the proposed sensitivity analysis were consistent with the visual peak identification. However, unlike the FTIR visual peak identification method, the NN-based method identified the IR region associated with C-OH C-OH group carbohydrates as significant. IR regions associated with amino acids and amide proteins were also determined as possible sources of variability. In conclusion, results show that ATR-FTIR via NN is a potential diagnostic tool. This study also suggests a possible more specific method in determining relevant regions within a sample's spectrum using NN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rock Christian Tomas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Anthony Jay Sayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Andrea Nicole Atienza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jannah Lianne Danganan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma. Rollene Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allan Fellizar
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lara Mae Angeles
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ruth Bangaoil
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Abegail Santillan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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18
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Fernandez RA, Quimque MT, Notarte KI, Manzano JA, Pilapil DY, de Leon VN, San Jose JJ, Villalobos O, Muralidharan NH, Gromiha MM, Brogi S, Macabeo APG. Myxobacterial depsipeptide chondramides interrupt SARS-CoV-2 entry by targeting its broad, cell tropic spike protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:12209-12220. [PMID: 34463219 PMCID: PMC8436362 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1969281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the search for drugs against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we explored via in silico approaches myxobacterial secondary metabolites against various receptor-binding regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike which are responsible in recognition and attachment to host cell receptors mechanisms, namely ACE2, GRP78, and NRP1. In general, cyclic depsipeptide chondramides conferred high affinities toward the spike RBD, showing strong binding to the known viral hot spots Arg403, Gln493 and Gln498 and better selectivity compared to most host cell receptors studied. Among them, chondramide C3 (1) exhibited a binding energy which remained relatively constant when docked against most of the spike variants. Chondramide C (2) on the other hand exhibited strong affinity against spike variants identified in the United Kingdom (N501Y), South Africa (N501Y, E484K, K417N) and Brazil (N501Y, E484K, K417T). Chondramide C6 (9) showed highest BE towards GRP78 RBD. Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed for chondramides 1 and 2 against SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD of the Wuhan wild-type and the South African variant, respectively, where resulting complexes demonstrated dynamic stability within a 120-ns simulation time. Protein-protein binding experiments using HADDOCK illustrated weaker binding affinity for complexed chondramide ligands in the RBD against the studied host cell receptors. The chondramide derivatives in general possessed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, highlighting their potential as prototypic anti-COVID-19 drugs limiting viral attachment and possibly minimizing viral infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey Arturo Fernandez
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Tristan Quimque
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joe Anthony Manzano
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Delfin Yñigo Pilapil
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Von Novi de Leon
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - John Jeric San Jose
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Omar Villalobos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nisha Harur Muralidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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19
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Villariba-Tolentino C, Cariño AM, Notarte KI, Macaranas I, Fellizar A, Tomas RC, Angeles LM, Abanilla L, Lim A, Aguilar MKC, Albano PM. pks + Escherichia coli more prevalent in benign than malignant colorectal tumors. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5451-5458. [PMID: 34297324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some E. coli strains that synthesize the toxin colibactin within the 54-kb pks island are being implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Here, the prevalence of pks+ E. coli in malignant and benign colorectal tumors obtained from selected Filipino patients was compared to determine the association of pks+ E. coli with CRC in this population. METHODS AND RESULTS A realtime qPCR protocol was developed to quantify uidA, clbB, clbN, and clbA genes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded colorectal tissues. The number of malignant tumors (44/62; 71%) positive for the uidA gene was not significantly different (p = 0.3428) from benign (38/62; 61%) tumors. Significantly higher number of benign samples (p < 0.05) were positive for all three colibactin genes (clbB, clbN, and clbA) compared with malignant samples. There was also higher prevalence of pks+ E. coli among older females and in tissue samples taken from the rectum. CONCLUSION Hence, pks+ E. coli may not be associated with CRC development among Filipinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Villariba-Tolentino
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, 4301, Lucena, Philippines
| | - Ana Maria Cariño
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Quirino State University, 3401, Diffun, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Imee Macaranas
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allan Fellizar
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, 2906, Batac, Philippines
| | | | - Lara Mae Angeles
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,University of Santo Tomas Hospital, 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Antonio Lim
- Divine Word Hospital, 6500, Tacloban, Philippines
| | - Ma Kristina Carmela Aguilar
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines. .,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015, Manila, Philippines. .,College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
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20
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Pecundo MH, dela Cruz TEE, Chen T, Notarte KI, Ren H, Li N. Diversity, Phylogeny and Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Endemic Species of Cycas (Cycadales) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:572. [PMID: 34356951 PMCID: PMC8304459 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture-based approach was used to characterize the fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of the endemic Cycas debaoensis and Cycas fairylakea from various population sites in China. We aim to determine if the assemblages of fungal endophytes inside these endemic plant hosts are distinct and could be explored for bioprospecting. The isolation method yielded a total of 284 culturable fungal strains. Identification based on the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA showed that they belonged to two phyla, five classes, eight orders and 22 families. At least 33 known genera and 62 different species were confirmed based on >97% ITS sequence similarity. The most frequent and observed core taxa in the two host species regardless of their population origin were Talaromyces, Penicillium, Fusarium, Pochonia and Gliocladiopsis. Seventy percent was a rare component of the fungal communities with only one or two recorded isolates. Contrary to common notions, diversity and fungal richness were significantly higher in C. debaoensis and C. fairylakea collected from a botanical garden, while the lowest was observed in C. debaoensis from a natural habitat; this provides evidence that garden management, and to a minor extent, ex-situ conservation practice, could influence fungal endophyte communities. We further selected nineteen fungal isolates and screened for their antagonistic activities via a co-cultivation approach against the phytopathogens, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Among these, five isolates with high ITS similarity matches with Hypoxylon vinosupulvinatum (GD019, 99.61%), Penicillium sp. (BD022, 100%), Penicillifer diparietisporus (GD008, 99.46%), Clonostachys rogersoniana (BF024, 99.46%) and C. rosea (BF011, 99.1%), which showed exceptional antagonistic activities against the phytopathogenic fungi with a significant inhibition rate of 70-80%. Taken together, our data presented the first and most comprehensive molecular work on culturable fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of cycads. Our study also demonstrated that about 5% of fungal endophytes were not detected by the high-throughput sequencing approach, implying the equal importance of a culture-dependent approach to study fungal communities of cycads. We further highlighted the potential role of endemic and rare plants to discover and isolate unique plant-associated fungal taxa with excellent biocontrol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Pecundo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (M.H.P.); (H.R.)
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Tao Chen
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Hai Ren
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (M.H.P.); (H.R.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Li
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Quimque MT, Notarte KI, Letada A, Fernandez RA, Pilapil DY, Pueblos KR, Agbay JC, Dahse HM, Wenzel-Storjohann A, Tasdemir D, Khan A, Wei DQ, Gose Macabeo AP. Potential Cancer- and Alzheimer's Disease-Targeting Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors from Uvaria alba: Insights from In Vitro and Consensus Virtual Screening. ACS Omega 2021; 6:8403-8417. [PMID: 33817501 PMCID: PMC8015132 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the major cyclic adenosine monophosphate-metabolizing enzyme PDE4 has shown potential for the discovery of drugs for cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. As a springboard to explore new anti-cancer and anti-Alzheimer's chemical prototypes from rare Annonaceae species, the present study evaluated anti-PDE4B along with antiproliferative and anti-cholinesterase activities of the extracts of the Philippine endemic species Uvaria alba using in vitro assays and framed the resulting biological significance through computational binding and reactivity-based experiments. Thus, the PDE4 B2B-inhibiting dichloromethane sub-extract (UaD) of U. alba elicited antiproliferative activity against chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562) and cytostatic effects against human cervical cancer (HeLa). The extract also profoundly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Chemical profiling analysis of the bioactive extract identified 18 putative secondary metabolites. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed strong free energy binding mechanisms and dynamic stability at 50-ns simulations in the catalytic domains of PDE4 B2B, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP-1 Kelch domain) for the benzylated dihydroflavone dichamanetin (16), and of an AChE and KEAP-1 BTB domain for 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3',4',6-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone (8) and grandifloracin (15), respectively. Density functional theory calculations to demonstrate Michael addition reaction of the most electrophilic metabolite and kinetically stable grandifloracin (15) with Cys151 of the KEAP-1 BTB domain illustrated favorable formation of a β-addition adduct. The top-ranked compounds also conferred favorable in silico pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tristan Quimque
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan
City, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Faculty
of Medicine & Surgery, University of
Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Arianne Letada
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Rey Arturo Fernandez
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Delfin Yñigo Pilapil
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
| | - Kirstin Rhys Pueblos
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- The
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan
City, Philippines
| | - Jay Carl Agbay
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan
City, Philippines
- Philippine
Science High School—Central Mindanao Campus, 9217 Balo-i, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz-Institute
for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann
- GEOMAR
Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit, Marine
Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal, Kiel 24106, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR
Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit, Marine
Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal, Kiel 24106, Germany
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel
University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz
4, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Allan Patrick Gose Macabeo
- Laboratory
of Organic Reactivity, Discovery & Synthesis (LORDS), Research
Center for Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
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22
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Ver AT, Notarte KI, Velasco JV, Buac KM, Nazareno J, Lozañes JA, Antonio D, Bacorro W. A systematic review of the barriers to implementing human papillomavirus vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries in the Asia-Pacific. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 17:530-545. [PMID: 33636046 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The increasing burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could be alleviated by effective HPV vaccination programs. In this systematic review, we examined barriers to introduction, implementation, and/or sustainability of HPV vaccination programs in LMICs in the Asia-Pacific region (AP-LMICs). METHODS A systematic search of literature from the past 10 years (2010-2019) was performed through PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they reported barriers to HPV vaccination in AP-LMICs. All study designs were included except commentaries and editorials. The journal articles were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. RESULTS A total of 46 eligible articles were included. An increase in publications was noted from 2010 to 2019. Barriers were diverse and were classified into four levels--government, healthcare providers (HCPs), society, and individual. The top specific barriers that were identified across AP-LMICs are lack of funding and political support at the government level, lack of awareness among HCP and lack of vaccination programs at the level of health providers, and the perceived cost/benefit ratio for the individual level. CONCLUSION Barriers to successful implementation of HPV vaccination programs differ among Asia-Pacific LMICs. Policymakers will need to evaluate the relative importance of these barriers in their target areas and population in order to draft an effective dissemination and implementation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Kevin Miko Buac
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - John Nazareno
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - J Alfred Lozañes
- College of Medicine, University of the East - Ramon-Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Dominic Antonio
- College of Medicine, University of the East - Ramon-Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Warren Bacorro
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Benavides Cancer Institute, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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23
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Notarte KI. Trypanocidal activity, cytotoxicity and histone modifications induced by malformin A1 isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis IFM 63452. MYCOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/8/1/10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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