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Golrokh FJ, Tolami HF, Ghanbarirad M, Mahmoudi A, Tabassi NR, Alkinani TA, Taramsari SM, Aghajani S, Taati H, Akbari F, Noveiri MJS, Hedayati M, Ghasemipour T, Salehzadeh A. Apoptosis induction in colon cancer cells (SW480) by BiFe 2O 4@Ag nanocomposite synthesized from Chlorella vulgaris extract and evaluation the expression of CASP8, BAX and BCL2 genes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127369. [PMID: 38176316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment has received considerable interest. Preparation of nanoscale complex molecules could be considered to improve the efficacy and minimize toxicity of the product. This work aimed to biosynthesize BiFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite using the Chlorella vulgaris extract and its cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cell line. METHODS The physicochemical properties of the bioengineered BiFe2O4 @Ag were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Zeta potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Vibrating-sample Magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). The cytotoxic potential of BiFe2O4 @Ag was evaluated by MTT assay against SW480 colon cancer cell line. The expression levels of apoptotic genes including BAX, BCL2 and CASP8 were determined by Real-time PCR. The rate of apoptosis and necrosis of the cancer cells as well as the cell cycle analysis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Physicochemical assays indicated the nanoscale synthesis (10-70 nm) and functionalization of BiFe2O4 nanoparticles by Ag atoms. The VSM analysis revealed the magnetism of BiFe2O4 @Ag nanocomposite. According to the MTT assay, colon cancer cells (SW480) were considerably more sensitive to BiFe2O4 @Ag nanocomposite than normal cells. Apoptotic cell percentage increased from 1.93% to 73.66%, after exposure to the nanocomposite. Cell cycle analysis confirmed an increase in the number of the cells in subG1 and G0/G1 phases among nanocomposite treated cells. Moreover, treating the colon cancer cells with BiFe2O4 @Ag caused an increase in the expression of CASP8, BAX, and BCL2 genes by 3.1, 2.6, and 1.2 folds, respectively. Moreover, activity of Caspase-3 protein increased by 2.4 folds and apoptotic morphological changes appeared which confirms that exposure to the nanocomposite induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION The considerable anticancer potential of the synthesized BiFe2O4 @Ag nanocomposite seems to be related to the induction of oxidative stress which leads to inhibit cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. This study reveals that the BiFe2O4 @Ag is a potent compound to be used in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedyeh Fazel Tolami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbarirad
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Mahmoudi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Shahrzad Aghajani
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Taati
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
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2
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Pakbin B, Allahyari S, Dibazar SP, Peymani A, Haghverdi MK, Taherkhani K, Javadi M, Mahmoudi R. Anticancer Properties of Saccharomyces boulardii Metabolite Against Colon Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:224-232. [PMID: 36547769 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii has been used as a probiotic yeast in the medical and food industries. Colon cancers have been known as the third most common cancer type worldwide. Nowadays, cell-free extract and metabolites of probiotics have been employed for the treatment or prevention of different cancer diseases. This study investigates the anticancer properties of S. boulardii metabolites against human colon carcinoma. We evaluated cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and suppression of survivin, IL-8, and NFƙB gene expression effects of SBM against caco-2 cells after 24 and 48 h. IC50 concentrations of SBM were measured at 815 and 1411 µg/mL for 24 and 48 h treatments, respectively. The total proportion of apoptotic caco-2 cells treated with SBM after 24 and 48 h were calculated at 62.23 and 88.7%, respectively. Also, relative expression of survivin, IL-8, and NFƙB genes were significantly suppressed in caco-2 cells treated with SBM after 24 and 48 h. In conclusion, we found that SBM induced apoptosis, inhibited the growth rate, and suppressed the expression of the survivin, IL-8, and NFƙB genes in human colorectal cancer cells and it can be considered as a perspective supplement or drug for the treatment or prevention of colon cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pakbin
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samaneh Allahyari
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Pishkhan Dibazar
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Khajeh Haghverdi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Taherkhani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Children Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd, P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran.
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3
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Sarabi PZ, Moradi M, Bagheri M, Khalili MR, Moradifard S, Jamialahmadi T, Ghasemi F, Sahebkar A. A Contemporary Review on the Critical Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:559-570. [PMID: 38275052 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206271583231206052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely recognized as effective pain relievers and function by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COXs). Moreover, they have been found to participate in various cellular processes through different signaling pathways, such as WNT, MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. This makes them potential candidates for chemoprevention of several malignancies, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the use of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and treatment is a complex issue due to their adverse effects and gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to explore combination therapies that can minimize side effects while maximizing synergistic effects with other agents and to evaluate the success rate of such approaches in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of NSAIDs in the prevention and treatment of CRC. We will focus on elucidating the possible mechanisms of action of these drugs, the signaling pathways involved in CRC, and the potential synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zia Sarabi
- Laboratorio de Psicobiología, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khalili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Moradifard
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Robles J, Prakash A, Vizcaíno JA, Casal JI. Integrated meta-analysis of colorectal cancer public proteomic datasets for biomarker discovery and validation. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011828. [PMID: 38252632 PMCID: PMC10833860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer biomarker field has been an object of thorough investigation in the last decades. Despite this, colorectal cancer (CRC) heterogeneity makes it challenging to identify and validate effective prognostic biomarkers for patient classification according to outcome and treatment response. Although a massive amount of proteomics data has been deposited in public data repositories, this rich source of information is vastly underused. Here, we attempted to reuse public proteomics datasets with two main objectives: i) to generate hypotheses (detection of biomarkers) for their posterior/downstream validation, and (ii) to validate, using an orthogonal approach, a previously described biomarker panel. Twelve CRC public proteomics datasets (mostly from the PRIDE database) were re-analysed and integrated to create a landscape of protein expression. Samples from both solid and liquid biopsies were included in the reanalysis. Integrating this data with survival annotation data, we have validated in silico a six-gene signature for CRC classification at the protein level, and identified five new blood-detectable biomarkers (CD14, PPIA, MRC2, PRDX1, and TXNDC5) associated with CRC prognosis. The prognostic value of these blood-derived proteins was confirmed using additional public datasets, supporting their potential clinical value. As a conclusion, this proof-of-the-concept study demonstrates the value of re-using public proteomics datasets as the basis to create a useful resource for biomarker discovery and validation. The protein expression data has been made available in the public resource Expression Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Protein Alternatives SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ananth Prakash
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Rokavec M, Özcan E, Neumann J, Hermeking H. Development and Validation of a 15-gene Expression Signature with Superior Prognostic Ability in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1689-1700. [PMID: 37654625 PMCID: PMC10467603 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus about the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to identify and validate a prognostic mRNA expression signature for the stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer according to their risk for relapse. First, publicly available mRNA expression profiling datasets from 792 primary, stage II colorectal cancers from six different training cohorts were analyzed to identify genes that are consistently associated with patient relapse-free survival (RFS). Second, the identified gene expression signature was experimentally validated using NanoString technology and computationally refined on primary colorectal cancer samples from 205 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Third, the refined signature was validated in two independent publicly available cohorts of 166 patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Bioinformatics analysis of training cohorts identified a 61-gene signature that was highly significantly associated with RFS (HR = 37.08, P = 2.68*10-106, sensitivity = 89.29%, specificity = 89.61%, and AUC = 0.937). The experimental validation and refinement revealed a 15-gene signature that robustly predicted relapse in three independent cohorts: an in-house cohort (HR = 20.4, P = 8.73*10-23, sensitivity = 90.32%, specificity = 80.99%, AUC = 0.812), GSE161158 (HR = 5.81, P = 3.57*10-4, sensitivity = 64.29%, specificity = 81.67%, AUC = 0.796), and GSE26906 (HR = 7.698, P = 7.26*10-8, sensitivity = 61.54%, specificity = 78.33%, AUC = 0.752). In the pooled training cohort, the 15-gene signature (HR = 4.72, P = 7.76*10-25, sensitivity = 75%, specificity = 67.44%, AUC = 0.784) was superior to the Oncotype DX colon 7-gene signature (HR = 2.698, P = 6.3*10-8, sensitivity = 62.16%, specificity = 55.5%, AUC = 0.633). We report the identification and validation of a novel mRNA expression signature for robust prognostication and stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer, with superior performance in the analyzed validation cohorts when compared with clinicopathologic biomarkers and signatures currently used for stage II colorectal cancer prognostication. Significance We identified and validated a 15-gene expression signature for robust prognostication and stratification of patients with stage II colorectal cancer, with superior performance when compared with currently used biomarkers. Therefore, the 15-gene expression signature has the potential to improve the prognostication and treatment decisions for patients with stage II colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elif Özcan
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Chen Y, Shankaran V, Hahn EE, Haupt EC, Bansal A. Underutilization or appropriate care? Assessing adjuvant chemotherapy use and survival in 3 heterogenous subpopulations with stage II/III colorectal cancer within a large integrated health system. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2023; 29:635-646. [PMID: 37276035 PMCID: PMC10387960 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.6.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines have recommended adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer, although the survival benefit is unclear. ACT is also recommended for patients with stage III colon cancer to reduce the risk of recurrence and mortality. For stage II/III rectal cancer, however, the role of perioperative chemotherapy (PCT, adjuvant or neoadjuvant) remains controversial, resulting in substantial variation in its use in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To understand real-world use and predictors of ACT or PCT use and survival outcomes in 3 heterogeneous patient groups with colorectal cancer (CRC), and to inform the evidence gap between guideline-based care and clinical practice. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with an initial stage II/III CRC diagnosis between 2008 and 2013 identified from Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health record databases. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18-74 years at diagnosis and received primary curative surgery. We fitted mixed effects logistic regression models to evaluate predictors of ACT receipt and Cox proportional hazards models on propensity score-matched (PS-matched) samples to assess the association between ACT/PCT receipt and survival. RESULTS: We included 1,690 patients with colon cancer (stage II: 820 and stage III: 870) and 587 patients with rectal cancer (stage II: 241 and stage III: 346). We found that 65% of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer, 15% of those with stage III colon, and 15% of those with stage II/III rectal cancer did not receive ACT/PCT. Patients with stage II colon cancer with T4 stage (odds ratio [OR] = 5.79, 95% CI = 3.33 - 10.06) and a lower comorbidity score were more likely to receive ACT (high vs low Charlson score: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.55 - 0.87). Patients with stage III rectal cancer were more likely to receive PCT than those with stage II disease (OR = 7.85, 95% CI = 2.07 - 29.74). Patients with another cancer diagnosis prior to CRC diagnosis were less likely to receive PCT (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16 - 0.85). ACT/PCT use was associated with improved overall survival among patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer (PS-matched hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25 - 0.70) and those with stage III CRC (stage III colon: PS-matched HR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.25 - 0.36; stage III rectal: PS-matched HR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.13 - 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: We found potential underuse of appropriate chemotherapy treatment in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer and stage III CRC. Clinicians' and providers' decisions on ACT administration may not be fully guided by the risk of recurrence and 5-year survival benefits in stage II colon cancer. DISCLOSURES: This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (under R37-CA218413). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- CHOICE Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Veena Shankaran
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Erin E Hahn
- Department of Health Systems Sciences, Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA
| | - Eric C Haupt
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA
| | - Aasthaa Bansal
- CHOICE Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle
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Davey MG, O'Neill M, Regan M, Meshkat B, Nugent E, Joyce M, Hogan AM. Impact of the 12-gene recurrence score in influencing adjuvant chemotherapy prescription in mismatch repair proficient stage II/III colonic carcinoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:71. [PMID: 36912973 PMCID: PMC10011316 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 12-gene recurrence score (RS) is a clinically validated assay which predicts recurrence risk in patients with stage II/III colon cancer. Decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy may be guided using this assay or based on the judgement of tumour board. AIMS To assess the concordance between the RS and MDT decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer. METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method using the Review Manager version 5.4 software. RESULTS Four studies including 855 patients with a mean age of 68 years (range: 25-90 years) met inclusion criteria. Overall, 79.2% had stage II disease (677/855) and 20.8% had stage III disease (178/855). For the entire cohort, concordant results between the 12-gene assay and MDT were more likely than discordant (odds ratio (OR): 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.56, P < 0.001). Patients were more likely to have chemotherapy omitted than escalated when using the RS (OR: 9.76, 95% CI: 6.72-14.18, P < 0.001). For those with stage II disease, concordant results between the 12-gene assay and MDT were more likely than discordant (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17-0.53, P < 0.001). In stage II disease, patients were more likely to have chemotherapy omitted than escalated when using the RS (OR: 7.39, 95% CI: 4.85-11.26, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The use of the 12-gene signature refutes the decision of tumour board in 25% of cases, with 75% of discordant decisions resulting in omission of adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, it is possible that a proportion of such patients are being overtreated when relying on tumour board decisions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Davey
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland.
| | - Maeve O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
| | - Mark Regan
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
| | - Babak Meshkat
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
| | - Emmeline Nugent
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
| | - Myles Joyce
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
| | - Aisling M Hogan
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, H91 YRY71, Ireland
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Zou S, Qin B, Yang Z, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Meng M, Feng J, Xie Y, Fang L, Xiao L, Zhang P, Meng X, Choi HH, Wen W, Pan Q, Ghesquière B, Lan P, Lee MH, Fang L. CSN6 Mediates Nucleotide Metabolism to Promote Tumor Development and Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:414-427. [PMID: 36512632 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming can contribute to colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance. Identification of key regulators of colorectal cancer metabolism could provide new approaches to improve treatment and reduce recurrence. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for the COP9 signalosome subunit CSN6 in rewiring nucleotide metabolism in colorectal cancer. Transcriptomic analysis of colorectal cancer patient samples revealed a correlation between CSN6 expression and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. A colitis-associated colorectal cancer model established that Csn6 intestinal conditional deletion decreased tumor development and altered nucleotide metabolism. CSN6 knockdown increased the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which could be partially reversed with nucleoside supplementation. Isotope metabolite tracing showed that CSN6 loss reduced de novo nucleotide synthesis. Mechanistically, CSN6 upregulated purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis by increasing expression of PHGDH, a key enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway. CSN6 inhibited β-Trcp-mediated DDX5 polyubiquitination and degradation, which in turn promoted DDX5-mediated PHGDH mRNA stabilization, leading to metabolic reprogramming and colorectal cancer progression. Butyrate treatment decreased CSN6 expression and improved chemotherapy efficacy. These findings unravel the oncogenic role of CSN6 in regulating nucleotide metabolism and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE CSN6 deficiency inhibits colorectal cancer development and chemoresistance by downregulating PHGDH to block nucleotide biosynthesis, providing potential therapeutic targets to improve colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baifu Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqi Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihao Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yu H, Wang X, Bai L, Tang G, Carter KT, Cui J, Huang P, Liang L, Ding Y, Cai M, Huang M, Liu H, Cao G, Gallinger S, Pai RK, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Newcomb PA, Wang J, Grady WM, Luo Y. DNA methylation profile in CpG-depleted regions uncovers a high-risk subtype of early-stage colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:52-61. [PMID: 36171645 PMCID: PMC10089593 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current risk stratification system defined by clinicopathological features does not identify the risk of recurrence in early-stage (stage I-II) colorectal cancer (CRC) with sufficient accuracy. We aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation could serve as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis in early-stage CRC patients. METHODS We analyzed the genome-wide methylation status of CpG loci using Infinium MethylationEPIC array run on primary tumor tissues and normal mucosa of early-stage CRC patients to identify potential methylation markers for prognosis. The machine-learning approach was applied to construct a DNA methylation-based prognostic classifier for early-stage CRC (MePEC) using the 4 gene methylation markers FAT3, KAZN, TLE4, and DUSP3. The prognostic value of the classifier was evaluated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 438 and 359, respectively). RESULTS The comprehensive analysis identified an epigenetic subtype with high risk of recurrence based on a group of CpG loci in the CpG-depleted region. In multivariable analysis, the MePEC classifier was independently and statistically significantly associated with time to recurrence in validation cohort 1 (hazard ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.47 to 3.76, P < .001) and cohort 2 (hazard ratio = 3.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.92 to 5.33, P < .001). All results were further confirmed after each cohort was stratified by clinicopathological variables and molecular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the prognostic statistical significance of a DNA methylation profile in the CpG-depleted region, which may serve as a valuable source for tumor biomarkers. MePEC could identify an epigenetic subtype with high risk of recurrence and improve the prognostic accuracy of current clinical variables in early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kelly T Carter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ji Cui
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Hong Z, Lu Z, Pan Z, Wu X, Peng J. Lymphovascular invasion represents a superior prognostic and predictive pathological factor of the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36593480 PMCID: PMC9808960 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) can indicate poor survival outcomes in colorectal cancer, but few studies have focused on stage III colon cancer. The current study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of LVI and PNI and identify patients who could benefit from a complete duration of adjuvant chemotherapy based on the two pathological factors. METHODS We enrolled 402 consecutive patients with stage III colon cancer who received colon tumor resection from November 2007 to June 2016 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Survival analyses were performed by using Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests. Risk factors related to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified through Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS 141 (35.1%) patients presented with LVI, and 108 (26.9%) patients with PNI. The LVI-positive group was associated with poorer 3-year DFS (86.5% vs. 76.3%, P = 0.001) and OS (96.0% vs. 89.1%, P = 0.003) rates compared with the LVI-negative group. The PNI-positive group showed a worse outcome compared with the PNI-negative group in 3-year DFS rate (72.5% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.001). Moreover, LVI-positive group present better 3-year DFS and OS rate in patients completing 6-8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy than those less than 6 cycles (3-year DFS: 80.0% vs. 64.9%, P = 0.019; 3-year OS: 93.2% vs. 76.3%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS LVI is a superior prognostic factor to PNI in stage III colon cancer patients undergoing curative treatment. PNI status can noly predict the 3-year DFS wihout affecting the 3-year OS. Furthermore, LVI also represents an effective indicator for adjuvant chemotherapy duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Deng
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, 518000 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Songran Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Hong
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangdong 510060 Guangzhou, P. R. China
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11
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Chang JS, Cheng HH, Huang SC, Lin HH, Chang SC, Lin CC. The impact of inflammatory markers on prognosis of stage II colon cancers depends on tumour sidedness. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:182-195. [PMID: 36097407 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Accumulating evidence has reported a high correlation between inflammatory markers and oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prognostic values of five inflammatory markers in stage II colon cancer patients with different tumour locations. METHODS The consecutive stage II colon adenocarcinoma patients undergoing curative resection were analysed retrospectively. ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUCs) via bootstrap method were used to analyse the prognostic impact of various inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI). RESULTS A total of 768 patients were enrolled for analysis. In univariate analysis, right-sided colon cancer (RCC) patients have significantly higher mean levels of all inflammatory markers than left-sided colon cancer (LCC) patients. In multivariate analyses, high NLR in LCC (P = 0.025) and low PNI in both RCC (P = 0.049) and LCC (P = 0.027) were significantly associated with a worse OS while none of the inflammatory markers was found to have a significant impact on DFS or CSS. CONCLUSIONS The profiles and prognostic impact of inflammatory markers are significantly different between stage II RCC and LCC patients. Researchers should take sidedness into consideration when addressing survival analysis of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Shen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Hsuan Cheng
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Fu Y, Li J, Han L. A novel enterocyte-related 4-gene signature for predicting prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052182. [PMID: 36532007 PMCID: PMC9755665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a fatal disease, and its cases are constantly increasing worldwide. Further, the therapeutic and management strategies for patients with COAD are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of accurate patient classification and prognostic models. Therefore, our study aims to identify prognostic markers in patients with COAD and construct a cell subtype-specific prognostic model with high accuracy and robustness. Methods Single-cell transcriptomic data of six samples were retrieved from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The cluster annotation and cell-cell communication analysis identified enterocytes as a key player mediating signal communication networks. A four-gene signature prognostic model was constructed based on the enterocyte-related differentially expressed genes (ERDEGs) in patients with COAD of the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. The prognostic model was validated on three external validation cohorts from the GEO database. The correlation between immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, drug sensitivity, and the four-gene signature prognostic model was investigated. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine the expression of the four genes. Results We found that the proportion of epithelial cells was obviously large in COAD samples. Further analysis of epithelial cells showed that the activity of the enterocytes was highest in the cell-cell communication network. Based on enterocyte data, 30 ERDEGs were identified and a 4-gene prognostic model including CPM, CLCA4, ELOVL6, and ATP2A3 was developed and validated. The risk score derived from this model was considered as an independent variable factor to predict overall survival. The patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median riskscore value. The correlation between immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, immune status, clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity, and risk score was analyzed. IHC confirmed the expression of signature genes in tissues from normal individuals, patients with polyps, and COAD. Conclusion In this study, we constructed and validated a novel four-gene signature prognostic model, which could effectively predict the response to immunotherapy and overall survival in patients with COAD. More importantly, this model provides useful insight into the management of colon cancer patients and aids in designing personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Translational Medicine Department, GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yugang Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Li Han, ; Jiacheng Li,
| | - Li Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Li Han, ; Jiacheng Li,
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13
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Koopaei NN, Shademani M, Yazdi NS, Tahmasvand R, Dehbid M, Koopaei MN, Azizian H, Mousavi Z, Almasirad A, Salimi M. Design and synthesis of novel ureido and thioureido conjugated hydrazone derivatives with potent anticancer activity. BMC Chem 2022; 16:81. [PMID: 36320042 PMCID: PMC9624014 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compounds possessing urea/thiourea moiety have a wide range of biological properties including anticancer activity. On the other hand, taking advantage of the low toxicity and structural diversity of hydrazone derivatives, they are presently being considered for designing chemical compounds with hydrazone moiety in the field of cancer treatment. With this in mind, a series of novel ureido/thioureido derivatives possessing a hydrazone moiety bearing nitro and chloro substituents (4a–4i) have been designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effect on HT-29 human colon carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Results Two compounds (4c and 4e) having the chloro phenylurea group hybridized with phenyl hydrazone bearing nitro or chloro moieties demonstrated potent anticancer effect with the IC50 values between 2.2 and 4.8 µM at 72 h. The mechanism of action of compound 4c was revealed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells as an inducer of apoptosis in a caspase-independent pathway. Conclusion Taken together, the current work presented compound 4c as a potential lead compound in developing future hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy drugs. Methods The compounds were synthesized and then characterized by physical and spectral data (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass). The anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay, flowcytometry, annexin-V, DAPI staining and Western blot analysis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00873-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Nassiri Koopaei
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1941933111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrasa Shademani
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Shirzad Yazdi
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1941933111, Tehran, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Tahmasvand
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Dehbid
- grid.411872.90000 0001 2087 2250Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mansur Nassiri Koopaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Almasirad
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1941933111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Morindone from Morinda citrifolia as a potential antiproliferative agent against colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270970. [PMID: 35819953 PMCID: PMC9275698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand in developing new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer against colon and rectal. In this study, our aim is to identify the potential anthraquinone compounds from the root bark of Morinda citrifolia to be tested in vitro against colorectal cancer cell lines. Eight potential anthraquinone compounds were successfully isolated, purified and tested for both in-silico and in-vitro analyses. Based on the in-silico prediction, two anthraquinones, morindone and rubiadin, exhibit a comparable binding affinity towards multitargets of β-catenin, MDM2-p53 and KRAS. Subsequently, we constructed a 2D interaction analysis based on the above results and it suggests that the predicted anthraquinones from Morinda citrifolia offer an attractive starting point for potential antiproliferative agents against colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses further indicated that morindone and damnacanthal have significant cytotoxicity effect and selectivity activity against colorectal cancer cell lines.
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15
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Hamed RA, Marks S, Mcelligott H, Kalachand R, Ibrahim H, Atyani S, Korpanty G, Osman N. Inoperable de novo metastatic colorectal cancer with primary tumour in situ: Evaluating discordant responses to upfront systemic therapy of the primary tumours and metastatic sites and complications arising from primary tumours (experiences from an Irish Cancer Centre). Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:40. [PMID: 35003738 PMCID: PMC8739439 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for de novo metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Heterogeneity between primary tumours and metastases may lead to discordant responses to systemic therapy at these sites. The aim of the present study was to examine these discrepancies and to evaluate the rates of complications arising from the primary tumour and the strategies employed to manage these complications. Electronic medical records were screened for patients eligible for data analysis between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2019. All patients diagnosed with de novo mCRC with primary tumour in situ at the time of initial systemic therapy were included in data analysis. Responses in primary tumour and metastatic sites (according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours v1.1), discrepancies in these responses and rates of complications arising from primary tumours were assessed along with patient, pathological or molecular factors that may be associated with these discrepant responses or primary tumour complications. A total of 50 patients were identified (median age, 62 years). Right-colon, left-colon and rectal primary tumours comprised 34, 44 and 22% of CRC cases, respectively. All patients received 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (either alone or in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan). Disease response (DR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were observed as the first response to systemic therapy in 24, 62 and 12% of primary tumours and in 36, 18 and 44% of metastatic sites, respectively. Only 36% of patients demonstrated concordant responses between the primary tumours and metastases, while the remaining 62% demonstrated discordant responses between the primary tumour and distant metastases (22% had DR with SD; 36% had DR or SD with PD; and 4% had PD with SD in the primary tumour and metastases, respectively). Restaging images were not available for 2% of the patients. Approximately 30% of patients developed complications from primary tumours, including bowel obstruction (6.12%), perforation (6%), rectal pain (6%) and rectal bleeding (10%). Approximately 10% of patients underwent palliative stoma creation. Additionally, 12% required palliative radiotherapy to the primary tumour (due to localized complications arising from the tumour). Discordant responses to systemic therapy between primary tumours and metastases occurred in 60% of patients with de novo mCRC (with primary tumour in situ at the time of first systemic therapy). The observations of the present study have potential implications for molecular tissue analysis to help guide systemic therapy. Tissue from metastatic sites may be preferable to confirm biomarker status in mCRC based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba A Hamed
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Sam Marks
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Helen Mcelligott
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Roshni Kalachand
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Hawa Ibrahim
- Palliative Department, St. Francis Hospice, Dublin 5 D05 T9K8, Ireland
| | - Said Atyani
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Greg Korpanty
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Nemer Osman
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
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16
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Theyra-Enias H, Tumba N, Popoola OB. Management and outcome of colorectal cancer in a resource-limited setting: Ahmadu Bello university teaching hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:923-930. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1948_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Fang L, Yang Z, Zhang M, Meng M, Feng J, Chen C. Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of colorectal cancer in China: a retrospective cohort study with 13,328 patients from southern China. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:571-582. [PMID: 34925854 PMCID: PMC8677537 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in China. However, detailed clinical characteristics and survival information are limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential epidemiological and clinical risk factors affecting the survival of CRC patients in southern China. Methods Patients with primary CRC between 1994 and 2019 at the First and the Sixth Affiliated Hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) were included. Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were collected from medical records. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and Cox's proportional-hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Of all 13,328 patients, 60.1% were men; the mean age was 61.3 years; 53.5% had colon cancer. Among all patients, 1,864 (14.0%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease. The 3- and 5-year OS rates were 79.90% and 71.50%, respectively, whereas the 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 70.30% and 63.90%, respectively. The median OS and PFS times were 189 and 149 months, respectively. Among 13,328 patients, 428 (14.0%) patients with poor/undifferentiated cancer suffered recurrence. In patients with stage III and stage IV diseases, the median PFS times of the patients who received chemotherapy were significantly longer than those in patients who had not received chemotherapy (stage III: 147 vs 62 months, P < 0.001; stage IV: 14 vs 9.5 months, P < 0.001). Conclusions This retrospective cohort study illustrates the current status of the clinical characteristics of patients with CRC in southern China. Sex, age, family history, location of cancer occurrence, differentiation status, T status, N status, M status, clinical stage, operation, and surgical margin are independent factors associated with the OS of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Manqi Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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18
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Vigneshwaran R, Ezhilarasan D, Rajeshkumar S. Inorganic titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Cao X, Wang X, Wang H, Xu G, Yu H. Systemic Inflammation Status Relates to Anti-Inflammatory Drug Benefit and Survival in Rectal Cancer. J Surg Res 2021; 269:249-259. [PMID: 34624724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation status has been recognized as a sensitive marker associated with survival in cancers and anti-inflammatory treatment outcomes in inflammation-derived diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of systemic inflammation status as a predictive marker for survival and anti-inflammatory treatment benefit in rectal cancer patients. METHODS A total of 475 patients with stage I-III rectal cancer receiving curative resection were prospectively enrolled. The platelet-neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (PNLR) that integrates neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios was applied to enable a comprehensive evaluation of systemic inflammation status and investigate its association with survival and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) benefit. Patients were grouped according to baseline PNLR and perioperative use of NSAIDs. RESULTS The high-PNLR group had worse 5-y disease-free survival (DFS) compared with the low-PNLR group (61.2% versus 70.9%, P = 0.014). Multivariate analyses confirmed that PNLR was an independent predictor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% CI: 1.03-1.97, P = 0.031). A nomogram including PNLR and other independent prognostic factors was developed and validated to predict DFS. In the high-PNLR subset, NSAIDs group had a 21.3% lower risk of recurrence than non-NSAIDs group (P = 0.009), and multivariate analysis confirmed the independently significant association of perioperative NSAIDs use with better DFS (hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.78, P = 0.010). However, this association was not significant in the low-PLR subset. CONCLUSIONS Baseline PNLR could be used to predict DFS and NSAIDs benefit in rectal cancer patients. This study highlights the potential survival benefit from the anti-inflammatory treatment in the patients with elevated systemic inflammation status in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaopo Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K, Vishwas S, Kumar Chellappan D, Gupta G, Dua K, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Singh SK. Combination therapy of vanillic acid and oxaliplatin co-loaded in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles could offer effective treatment for colon cancer: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2021; 156:110679. [PMID: 34555619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is characterised by the persistent change in bowel habits due to the formation of polyps (cancerous) in the inner lining of the colon. Clinically, there are several anticancer drugs available to treat colon cancer. Oxaliplatin (third generation platinum drug) is widely prescribed anticancer drug due to its broad range anticancer properties and low toxicities over cisplatin and carboplatin. Currently, use of oxaliplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy represents a standard care for the treatment of advanced colon cancer. Despite this, its rapid degradation in systemic circulations upon administration, lack of tumor specificity, and low bioavailability limits its anticancer potential. On the other hand, vanillic acid (VA) has shown anticancer potential in colon cancer by targeting mTOR/Ras pathway, HIF-1α inhibition, NF-ĸB, and Nrf2 that regulate cell growth, cell survival, proliferation and adaptation to cancer microenvironment. Normal oral delivery of these two drugs offers non-specific drug release in gastrointestinal tract that leads to unwanted toxicity and very less amount of drug become available for colonic site. Therefore, loading of these two drugs in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles (FPMs) can offer selective targeting at colonic site and could offer better therapeutic efficacy at much lesser doses of drugs. Therefore, a new hypothesis has been proposed that the combination of vanillic acid with oxaliplatin co-loaded in FPMs could provide colon targeting ability with enhanced potency and safety profile by targeting multiple pathways than current adjuvant chemotherapies available in the market for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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21
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Chen YF, Yu ZL, Lv MY, Zheng B, Tan YX, Ke J, Liu XH, Cai ZR, Zou YF, Lan P, Wu XJ, Gao F. Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Hypoxic Microenvironment Is Associated With Immunosuppression in Poor Survival of Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:686885. [PMID: 34211990 PMCID: PMC8239145 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.686885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is associated with a poorer clinical outcome and resistance to chemotherapy in solid tumors; identifying hypoxic-related colorectal cancer (CRC) and revealing its mechanism are important. The aim of this study was to assess hypoxia signature for predicting prognosis and analyze relevant mechanism. Methods: Patients without chemotherapy were selected for the identification of hypoxia-related genes (HRGs). A total of six independent datasets that included 1,877 CRC patients were divided into a training cohort and two validation cohorts. Functional annotation and analysis were performed to reveal relevant mechanism. Results: A 12-gene signature was derived, which was prognostic for stage II/III CRC patients in two validation cohorts [TCGA, n = 509, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18 – 3.89, P = 0.01; metavalidation, n = 590, HR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.59 – 3.81, P < 0.001]. High hypoxic risk was correlated with worse prognosis in CRC patients without adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.51 – 10.35, P < 0.001). After integration with clinical characteristics, hypoxia-related gene signature (HRGS) remained as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, enrichment analysis found that antitumor immune response was suppressed in the high hypoxic group. Conclusions: HRGS is a promising system for estimating disease-free survival of stage II/III CRC patients. Hypoxia tumor microenvironment may be via inhibiting immune response to promote chemoresistance in stage II/III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xin Tan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Rong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Kabel AM, Ashour AM, Ali DA, Arab HH. The immunomodulatory effects of topiramate on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats: The role of the inflammatory cascade, vascular endothelial growth factor, AKT/mTOR/MAP kinase signaling and the apoptotic markers. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107830. [PMID: 34118646 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a malignant condition that affects the lower gastrointestinal tract and has unfavorable prognosis. Its mechanisms range from enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory changes in the colon microenvironment and affection of the apoptotic pathways. Due to the high incidence of resistance of colon cancer to the traditional chemotherapeutic agents, a need for finding safe/effective agents that can attenuate the malignant changes had emerged. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of topiramate on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats. METHODOLOGY Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five equal groups as follows: Control; azoxymethane-induced colon cancer; azoxymethane + methyl cellulose; azoxymethane + topiramate small dose; and azoxymethane + topiramate large dose. The body weight gain, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue antioxidant status, proinflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Nrf2/HO-1 content, p-AKT, mTOR, p38 MAP kinase, caspase 9, nerve growth factor beta and beclin-1 were measured. Also, parts of the colon had undergone histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. KEY FINDINGS Topiramate improved the body weight gain, decreased serum CEA, augmented the antioxidant defenses in the colonic tissues with significant amelioration of the inflammatory changes, decline in tissue VEGF and p-AKT/mTOR/MAP kinase signaling and increased Nrf2/HO-1 content in a dose-dependent manner when compared to rats treated with azoxymethane alone. In addition, topiramate, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly enhanced apoptosis and improved the histopathological picture in comparison to animals treated with azoxymethane alone. CONCLUSION Taking these findings together, topiramate might serve as a new effective adjuvant line of treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina A Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Li X, Xie M, Yin S, Xiong Z, Mao C, Zhang F, Chen H, Jin L, Lan P, Lian L. Identification and Validation of a Six Immune-Related Genes Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:666003. [PMID: 34017356 PMCID: PMC8129521 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-related genes (IRGs) play important roles in the tumor immune microenvironment and can affect the prognosis of cancer. This study aimed to construct a novel IRG signature for prognostic evaluation of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data for stage II CRC patients were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to develop the IRG signature, namely IRGCRCII. A nomogram was constructed, and the “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts” (CIBERSORT) method was used to estimate immune cell infiltration. The expression levels of genes and proteins were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 30 pairs of primary stage II CRC and matched normal tissues. Results A total of 466 patients with stage II CRC were included, and 274 differentially expressed IRGs were identified. Six differentially expressed IRGs were detected and used to construct the IRGCRCII signature, which could significantly stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival in three cohorts: training, test, and external validation (GSE39582). Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the area under the curves of the IRGCRCII signature were significantly greater than those of the OncotypeDX colon signature at 1 (0.759 vs. 0.623), 3 (0.875 vs. 0.629), and 5 years (0.906 vs. 0.698) disease-free survival, respectively. The nomogram performed well in the concordance index (0.779) and calibration curves. The high-risk group had a significantly higher percentage of infiltrated immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, plasma cells, resting mast cells) than the low-risk group. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments performed on 30 pairs of clinical specimens were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion This study developed and validated a novel immune prognostic signature based on six differentially expressed IRGs for predicting disease-free survival and immune status in patients with stage II CRC, which may reflect immune dysregulation in the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaobin Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Han X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Shen Y, Tan Q, Sun Y, Wang J, Qian X, Yang H, Shi Y. SLF1 polymorphism predicts response to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1522-1539. [PMID: 33948371 PMCID: PMC8085871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Response to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy varies among patients with stage II and III colon cancer; however, genetic alterations associated with this response remain incompletely characterized. A three-stage analytical framework, including the discovery, validation, and replication stages, was designed to explore genetic alterations modulating response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in adjuvant setting among patients with stage II and III colon cancer receiving complete resection of tumor. Except for several somatic mutated genes, such as ARSD and ACE, showing less definitive associations with response to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, we found stable associations of rs6891545C > A polymorphism in SLF1 gene, a key component of DNA damage response system, with the response across all three stages. Patients with rs6891545 A allele had significantly lower risk of poor responsiveness to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy at both discovery and validation stages, compared with ones possessing wild homozygous genotype CC (discovery stage: odds ratio, 0; 95% CI, 0-0.48; P = .005; validation stage: odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.99; P = .048). In the replication cohort, rs6891545 A allele was confirmed to be strongly associated with improved DFS (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23-0.81; P = .007). Notably, the improvement persisted after controlling for sex, age, tumor location, differentiation, and stage (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.80; P = .009). Moreover, in silico analysis unraveled strong impact of rs6891545 A allele on local secondary structure of SLF1 mRNA, possibly leading to low SLF1 protein expression. We conclude that the rs6891545C > A polymorphism may serve as an independent marker of response to oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II and III colon cancer, with improved clinical benefit observed in patients with the A allele possibly attributable to low expression of SLF1 protein resulting in deficient DNA repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yinchen Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Qiaoyun Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yongkun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted DrugsBeijing 100021, China
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25
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Nearchou IP, Ueno H, Kajiwara Y, Lillard K, Mochizuki S, Takeuchi K, Harrison DJ, Caie PD. Automated Detection and Classification of Desmoplastic Reaction at the Colorectal Tumour Front Using Deep Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071615. [PMID: 33807394 PMCID: PMC8036363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The categorisation of desmoplastic reaction (DR) present at the colorectal cancer (CRC) invasive front into mature, intermediate or immature type has been previously shown to have high prognostic significance. However, the lack of an objective and reproducible assessment methodology for the assessment of DR has been a major hurdle to its clinical translation. In this study, a deep learning algorithm was trained to automatically classify immature DR on haematoxylin and eosin digitised slides of stage II and III CRC cases (n = 41). When assessing the classifier's performance on a test set of patient samples (n = 40), a Dice score of 0.87 for the segmentation of myxoid stroma was reported. The classifier was then applied to the full cohort of 528 stage II and III CRC cases, which was then divided into a training (n = 396) and a test set (n = 132). Automatically classed DR was shown to have superior prognostic significance over the manually classed DR in both the training and test cohorts. The findings demonstrated that deep learning algorithms could be applied to assist pathologists in the detection and classification of DR in CRC in an objective, standardised and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines P. Nearchou
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (D.J.H.); (P.D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1334-463-603; Fax: +44-(0)-1334-467-470
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.U.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.U.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Kate Lillard
- Indica Labs, Inc., 2469 Corrales Rd Bldg A-3, Corrales, NM 87048, USA;
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (H.U.); (Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - David J. Harrison
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (D.J.H.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Peter D. Caie
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (D.J.H.); (P.D.C.)
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26
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Nearchou IP, Soutar DA, Ueno H, Harrison DJ, Arandjelovic O, Caie PD. A Comparison of Methods for Studying the Tumor Microenvironment's Spatial Heterogeneity in Digital Pathology Specimens. J Pathol Inform 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 34012710 PMCID: PMC8112337 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous, and it is understood to affect tumor progression and patient outcome. A number of studies have reported the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor budding in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the significance of the intratumoral heterogeneity present in the spatial distribution of these features within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has not been previously reported. Evaluating this intratumoral heterogeneity may aid the understanding of the TIME's effect on patient prognosis as well as identify novel aggressive phenotypes which can be further investigated as potential targets for new treatment. Methods: In this study, we propose and apply two spatial statistical methodologies for the evaluation of the intratumor heterogeneity present in the distribution of CD3 + and CD8 + lymphocytes and tumor buds (TB) in 232 Stage II CRC cases. Getis-Ord hotspot analysis was applied to quantify the cold and hotspots, defined as regions with a significantly low or high number of each feature of interest, respectively. A novel spatial heatmap methodology for the quantification of the cold and hotspots of each feature of interest, which took into account both the interpatient heterogeneity and the intratumor heterogeneity, was further developed. Results: Resultant data from each analysis, characterizing the spatial intratumor heterogeneity of lymphocytes and TBs were used for the development of two new highly prognostic risk models. Conclusions: Our results highlight the value of applying spatial statistics for the assessment of the intratumor heterogeneity. Both Getis-Ord hotspot and our proposed spatial heatmap analysis are broadly applicable across other tissue types as well as other features of interest. Availability: The code underpinning this publication can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17630/c2306fe9-66e2-4442-ad89-f986220053e2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - David James Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.,Lothian University Hospitals, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ognjen Arandjelovic
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter David Caie
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
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27
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Parisi E, Sorolla A, Montal R, González-Resina R, Novell A, Salud A, Sorolla MA. Prognostic Factors Involved in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Colorectal Cancer Have a Preponderant Role in Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3330. [PMID: 33187205 PMCID: PMC7697515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most accepted mechanisms leading to metastasis, which is responsible for most of the cancer-related deaths. In order to identify EMT-related biomarkers able to predict clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors associated to overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) was conducted. The systematic literature search included studies from June 2014 to June 2019 available at PubMed and Scopus databases. Meta-analysis was performed for those markers appearing in minimum three works with a total number of 8656 participants. The rest were enlisted and subjected to functional enrichment. We identified nine clinical biomarkers and 73 EMT-related molecular biomarkers associated to OS and/or PFS in CRC. The significant enrichment of biomarkers found involved in cellular oxidoreductase activity suggests that ROS generation plays an active role in the EMT process. Clinical practice needs new biomarkers with a reliable prognostic value able to predict clinical outcomes in CRC. Our integrative work supports the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and EMT progress highlighting the importance of deciphering this specific mechanism to get a better understanding of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert Montal
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Rita González-Resina
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Novell
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.P.); (R.M.); (R.G.-R.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
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28
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Johnstone SE, Reyes A, Qi Y, Adriaens C, Hegazi E, Pelka K, Chen JH, Zou LS, Drier Y, Hecht V, Shoresh N, Selig MK, Lareau CA, Iyer S, Nguyen SC, Joyce EF, Hacohen N, Irizarry RA, Zhang B, Aryee MJ, Bernstein BE. Large-Scale Topological Changes Restrain Malignant Progression in Colorectal Cancer. Cell 2020; 182:1474-1489.e23. [PMID: 32841603 PMCID: PMC7575124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Widespread changes to DNA methylation and chromatin are well documented in cancer, but the fate of higher-order chromosomal structure remains obscure. Here we integrated topological maps for colon tumors and normal colons with epigenetic, transcriptional, and imaging data to characterize alterations to chromatin loops, topologically associated domains, and large-scale compartments. We found that spatial partitioning of the open and closed genome compartments is profoundly compromised in tumors. This reorganization is accompanied by compartment-specific hypomethylation and chromatin changes. Additionally, we identify a compartment at the interface between the canonical A and B compartments that is reorganized in tumors. Remarkably, similar shifts were evident in non-malignant cells that have accumulated excess divisions. Our analyses suggest that these topological changes repress stemness and invasion programs while inducing anti-tumor immunity genes and may therefore restrain malignant progression. Our findings call into question the conventional view that tumor-associated epigenomic alterations are primarily oncogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Johnstone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yifeng Qi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luli S Zou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yotam Drier
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vivian Hecht
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Noam Shoresh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin K Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Son C Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric F Joyce
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rafael A Irizarry
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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29
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Ye SB, Cheng YK, Zhang L, Zou YF, Chen P, Deng YH, Huang Y, Peng JH, Wu XJ, Lan P. Association of mismatch repair status with survival and response to neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy in rectal cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:26. [PMID: 32964128 PMCID: PMC7477257 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior reports have indicated that defective mismatch repair (MMR) has a favorable impact on outcome in colorectal cancer patients treated with surgery, immunotherapy, or adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the impact of MMR status on response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer is not well understood. Here we report that dMMR was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.034) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Patients with dMMR tumors who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) achieved significantly worse DFS (P = 0.026) than those treated with NCT. Conversely, NCRT improved DFS (P = 0.043) in patients with pMMR tumors, especially for stage III disease with improved DFS (P = 0.02). The presence of dMMR was associated with better prognosis in rectal cancer patients treated with NCT. NCT benefited patients with dMMR tumors; while NCRT benefited patients with stage III disease and pMMR tumors. Patients stratified by MMR status may provide a more tailored approach to rectal cancer neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Biao Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kan Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
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30
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Ke J, Liu XH, Jiang XF, He Z, Xiao J, Zheng B, Chen YF, Cai ZR, Zheng XB, Zou YF, Lan P, Wu XJ, Gao F. Immune-related gene signature in predicting prognosis of early-stage colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:e62-e70. [PMID: 32863096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Immune-related genes are associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an immune-related gene signature (IRGS) in predicting the prognosis of early-stage CRC patients. METHODS In total, 309 CRC patients were selected for the identification of prognostic IRGS using the CIT/GSE39582 microarray dataset. Five independent datasets including 1587 CRC patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 566) and two validation cohorts (n = 624 in validation-1 and n = 397 in meta-validation). Prognostic analyses were performed to test the predictive value of IRGS. RESULTS A prognostic IRGS that included 23 immune-related genes was constructed and significantly stratified patients into immune low-vs. high-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival using patients with early-stage disease (I or II) in the training cohort. Similarly, a higher IRGS was correlated with significantly worse prognosis of early-stage patients in validation-1 and meta-validation cohorts. Compared with Oncotype DX colon, we found that IRGS exhibited an improved survival correlation in the training cohort. After integration with clinical characteristics, IRGS remained as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, IRGS-stratified immune low-risk group patients gained less benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in the validation-1 cohort. Several biological processes, including inflammatory response, were enriched among genes in identified the immune high-risk group. Consistent with this finding, the IRGS-identified immune high-risk group exhibited significantly increased immune and stromal cell infiltration. CONCLUSION The proposed prognostic IRGS is a promising system for estimating DFS of colorectal cancer patients, especially those with early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Rong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Nearchou IP, Gwyther BM, Georgiakakis ECT, Gavriel CG, Lillard K, Kajiwara Y, Ueno H, Harrison DJ, Caie PD. Spatial immune profiling of the colorectal tumor microenvironment predicts good outcome in stage II patients. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:71. [PMID: 32435699 PMCID: PMC7229187 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular subpopulations within the colorectal tumor microenvironment (TME) include CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, and tumor buds (TBs), all of which have known prognostic significance in stage II colorectal cancer. However, the prognostic relevance of their spatial interactions remains unknown. Here, by applying automated image analysis and machine learning approaches, we evaluate the prognostic significance of these cellular subpopulations and their spatial interactions. Resultant data, from a training cohort retrospectively collated from Edinburgh, UK hospitals (n = 113), were used to create a combinatorial prognostic model, which identified a subpopulation of patients who exhibit 100% survival over a 5-year follow-up period. The combinatorial model integrated lymphocytic infiltration, the number of lymphocytes within 50-μm proximity to TBs, and the CD68+/CD163+ macrophage ratio. This finding was confirmed on an independent validation cohort, which included patients treated in Japan and Scotland (n = 117). This work shows that by analyzing multiple cellular subpopulations from the complex TME, it is possible to identify patients for whom surgical resection alone may be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines P. Nearchou
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Bethany M. Gwyther
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Elena C. T. Georgiakakis
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Christos G. Gavriel
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Kate Lillard
- Indica Labs, Inc, 2469 Corrales Rd Bldg A-3, Corrales, NM 87048 USA
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513 Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513 Japan
| | - David J. Harrison
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
- Lothian University Hospitals, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
| | - Peter D. Caie
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
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32
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Panjeta A, Preet S. Anticancer potential of human intestinal defensin 5 against 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride induced colon cancer: A therapeutic approach. Peptides 2020; 126:170263. [PMID: 31981594 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The escalating predicament of multidrug resistant cancer cells and associated side effects of conventional chemotherapy necessitates the exploration of alternative anticancer therapies. The present study evaluated anticancer therapeutic potential of human defensin 5 (HD-5) against colon cancer. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of HD-5 against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer was elucidated in terms of tumor biostatistics, number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), in situ apoptosis assay,changes in morphological as well as histological architecture of colon(s). The direct interaction of peptide was investigated by incubating peptide with normal and/or cancerous colonocytes followed by phase contrast, Hoechst 3342 and AO/PI staining as well as confocal microscopy. Changes in membrane dynamics were evaluated by MC 540 and N-NBD-PE staining. In vivo decrease(s) in tumor parameters, number of aberrant crypt foci along with marked increase in the rate of apoptosis was observed.H&E staining revealed neutrophils infiltration and restoration of normal architecture in treated colon(s) which was consistent with scanning electron microscopic observations. Furthermore, non-membranolytic mechanism was found to be acquired by peptide as it could traverse cell membrane gaining access to nucleus and cytoplasm thereby disintegrating cellular architecture. MC 540 and NBD-PE staining revealed that peptide could bind to cancerous cells by taking advantage of altered fluidity levels. Our results indicated that HD-5 exhibited strong cancer cell killing and does not affect normal host cells. The peptide can be exploited as promising option to combat developing menace of colon cancer and/or can at least be used as an adjunct to present day chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Panjeta
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Block II, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Block II, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Herold Z, Herold M, Lohinszky J, Dank M, Somogyi A. Personalized Indicator Thrombocytosis Shows Connection to Staging and Indicates Shorter Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030556. [PMID: 32121060 PMCID: PMC7139544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre- and postoperative thrombocytosis was reported to have significant effect on patient survival. However, the definition of thrombocytosis throughout the literature is not unified. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational study has been conducted with the inclusion of 150 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 100 control subjects. A new measure of platelet changes at an individual level, named personalized indicator thrombocytosis (PIT) was defined, including 4 anemia adjusted variants. Results: In concordance with the literature, PIT values of control subjects showed a slow decrease in platelet counts, while PIT values of CRC patients were significantly higher (p < 0.0001). More advanced staging (p < 0.0001) and both local (p ≤ 0.0094) and distant (p ≤ 0.0440) metastasis are associated with higher PIT values. Higher PIT values suggested shorter survival times (p < 0.0001). Compared to conventional, a PIT-based definition resulted in approximately 3-times more patients with thrombocytosis. 28% and 77% of the deceased patients had conventional- and PIT-based thrombocytosis, respectively. Conclusions: Compared to conventional thrombocytosis, as an individual metric, PIT values may indicate the condition of patients more precisely. Possible future applications of PIT may include its usage in therapy decision and early cancer detection; therefore, further investigations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Herold
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (J.L.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-126-60-926; Fax: +36-126-14-166
| | - Magdolna Herold
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (J.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Lohinszky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (J.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, Tomo u. 25-29., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (J.L.); (A.S.)
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Goldwag J, Marsicovetere P, Scalia P, Johnson HA, Durand MA, Elwyn G, Ivatury SJ. The impact of decision aids in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028379. [PMID: 31515416 PMCID: PMC6747873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the impact of patient decision aids (PDA) on patients facing treatment decisions for colorectal cancer. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Sources included Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from inception to June, 20, 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, mixed methods and case series in which a PDA for colorectal cancer treatment was used. Qualitative studies were excluded from our review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Following execution of the search strategy by a medical librarian, two blinded independent reviewers identified articles for inclusion. Two blinded reviewers were also responsible for data extraction, risk of bias and study quality assessments. Any conflict in article inclusion or extraction was resolved by discussion. RESULTS Out of 3773 articles identified, three met our inclusion criteria: one RCT, one before-and-after study and one mixed-method study. In these studies, the use of a PDA for colorectal cancer treatment was associated with increased patient knowledge, satisfaction and preparation for making a decision. On quality assessment, two of three studies were judged to be of low quality. CONCLUSION A paucity of evidence exists on the effect of PDA for colorectal cancer treatment with existing evidence being largely of low quality. Further investigation is required to determine the effect of decision aids for colorectal cancer treatment as well as reasons for the lack of PDA development and implementation in this area. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018095153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenaya Goldwag
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Clinical Education, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Priscilla Marsicovetere
- Clinical Education, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Master of Physician Assistant Studies Program, Franklin Pierce University, West Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Peter Scalia
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Heather A Johnson
- Clinical Education, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie-Anne Durand
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Glyn Elwyn
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Srinivas J Ivatury
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Clinical Education, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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