1
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Walton A, Thomé V, Revinski D, Marchetto S, Puvirajesinghe TM, Audebert S, Camoin L, Bailly E, Kodjabachian L, Borg JP. A vertebrate Vangl2 translational variant required for planar cell polarity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:106792. [PMID: 38403249 PMCID: PMC11065751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
First described in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental process essential for embryogenesis and development of polarized structures in Metazoans. This signaling pathway involves a set of evolutionarily conserved genes encoding transmembrane (Vangl, Frizzled, Celsr) and cytoplasmic (Prickle, Dishevelled) molecules. Vangl2 is of major importance in embryonic development as illustrated by its pivotal role during neural tube closure in human, mouse, Xenopus, and zebrafish embryos. Here, we report on the molecular and functional characterization of a Vangl2 isoform, Vangl2-Long, containing an N-terminal extension of about 50 aa, which arises from an alternative near-cognate AUA translation initiation site, lying upstream of the conventional start codon. While missing in Vangl1 paralogs and in all invertebrates, including Drosophila, this N-terminal extension is conserved in all vertebrate Vangl2 sequences. We show that Vangl2-Long belongs to a multimeric complex with Vangl1 and Vangl2. Using morpholino oligonucleotides to specifically knockdown Vangl2-Long in Xenopus, we found that this isoform is functional and required for embryo extension and neural tube closure. Furthermore, both Vangl2 and Vangl2-Long must be correctly expressed for the polarized distribution of the PCP molecules Pk2 and Dvl1 and for centriole rotational polarity in ciliated epidermal cells. Altogether, our study suggests that Vangl2-Long significantly contributes to the pool of Vangl2 molecules present at the plasma membrane to maintain PCP in vertebrate tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Walton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Thomé
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Diego Revinski
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Marchetto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Tania M Puvirajesinghe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Bailly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Kodjabachian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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2
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Song S, Cho B, Weiner AT, Nissen SB, Ojeda Naharros I, Sanchez Bosch P, Suyama K, Hu Y, He L, Svinkina T, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Perrimon N, Axelrod JD. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates core PCP signaling. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56997. [PMID: 37975164 PMCID: PMC10702827 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes epithelial cells within the plane of an epithelium. Core PCP signaling components adopt asymmetric subcellular localizations within cells to both polarize and coordinate polarity between cells. Achieving subcellular asymmetry requires additional effectors, including some mediating post-translational modifications of core components. Identification of such proteins is challenging due to pleiotropy. We used mass spectrometry-based proximity labeling proteomics to identify such regulators in the Drosophila wing. We identified the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase1, Pp1-87B, and show that it regulates core protein polarization. Pp1-87B interacts with the core protein Van Gogh and at least one serine/threonine kinase, Dco/CKIε, that is known to regulate PCP. Pp1-87B modulates Van Gogh subcellular localization and directs its dephosphorylation in vivo. PNUTS, a Pp1 regulatory subunit, also modulates PCP. While the direct substrate(s) of Pp1-87B in control of PCP is not known, our data support the model that cycling between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of one or more core PCP components may regulate acquisition of asymmetry. Finally, our screen serves as a resource for identifying additional regulators of PCP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Song
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Present address:
GenScriptPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Alexis T Weiner
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Silas Boye Nissen
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Kaye Suyama
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Li He
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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3
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Yarikipati P, Jonusaite S, Pleinis JM, Dominicci Cotto C, Sanchez-Hernandez D, Morrison DE, Goyal S, Schellinger J, Pénalva C, Curtiss J, Rodan AR, Jenny A. Unanticipated domain requirements for Drosophila Wnk kinase in vivo. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010975. [PMID: 37819975 PMCID: PMC10593226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK (With no Lysine [K]) kinases have critical roles in the maintenance of ion homeostasis and the regulation of cell volume. Their overactivation leads to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (Gordon syndrome) characterized by hyperkalemia and high blood pressure. More recently, WNK family members have been shown to be required for the development of the nervous system in mice, zebrafish, and flies, and the cardiovascular system of mice and fish. Furthermore, human WNK2 and Drosophila Wnk modulate canonical Wnt signaling. In addition to a well-conserved kinase domain, animal WNKs have a large, poorly conserved C-terminal domain whose function has been largely mysterious. In most but not all cases, WNKs bind and activate downstream kinases OSR1/SPAK, which in turn regulate the activity of various ion transporters and channels. Here, we show that Drosophila Wnk regulates Wnt signaling and cell size during the development of the wing in a manner dependent on Fray, the fly homolog of OSR1/SPAK. We show that the only canonical RF(X)V/I motif of Wnk, thought to be essential for WNK interactions with OSR1/SPAK, is required to interact with Fray in vitro. However, this motif is unexpectedly dispensable for Fray-dependent Wnk functions in vivo during fly development and fluid secretion in the Malpighian (renal) tubules. In contrast, a structure function analysis of Wnk revealed that the less-conserved C-terminus of Wnk, that recently has been shown to promote phase transitions in cell culture, is required for viability in vivo. Our data thus provide novel insights into unexpected in vivo roles of specific WNK domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Yarikipati
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Sima Jonusaite
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John M. Pleinis
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carihann Dominicci Cotto
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - David Sanchez-Hernandez
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Daryl E. Morrison
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Suhani Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clothilde Pénalva
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Curtiss
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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4
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Weiner AT, Cho B, Suyama K, Axelrod JD. Cell autonomous polarization by the planar cell polarity signaling pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559449. [PMID: 37808631 PMCID: PMC10557733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes epithelial cells in a plane orthogonal to their apical-basal axis. A core PCP signaling module both generates molecular asymmetry within cells and coordinates the direction of polarization between neighboring cells. Two subcomplexes of core proteins segregate to opposite sides of the cell, defining a polarity axis. Homodimers of the atypical cadherin Flamingo are thought to be the scaffold upon which these subcomplexes assemble and are required for intercellular polarity signaling. The central role for Flamingo homodimers in scaffolding and intercellular communication suggests that cells in which intercellular signaling via Flamingo is disabled should fail to polarize. We show that cells lacking Flamingo, or bearing a truncated Flamingo that cannot homodimerize do in fact polarize. Cell polarization requires both positive and negative feedback, and in a multicellular tissue, feedback might involve both intracellular and intercellular pathways. We identify positive and negative feedback pathways that operate cell autonomously to drive polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis T Weiner
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaye Suyama
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Song S, Cho B, Weiner AT, Nissen SB, Naharros IO, Bosch PS, Suyama K, Hu Y, He L, Svinkina T, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Perrimon N, Axelrod JD. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates core PCP signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556998. [PMID: 37745534 PMCID: PMC10515792 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PCP signaling polarizes epithelial cells within the plane of an epithelium. Core PCP signaling components adopt asymmetric subcellular localizations within cells to both polarize and coordinate polarity between cells. Achieving subcellular asymmetry requires additional effectors, including some mediating post-translational modifications of core components. Identification of such proteins is challenging due to pleiotropy. We used mass spectrometry-based proximity labeling proteomics to identify such regulators in the Drosophila wing. We identified the catalytic subunit of Protein Phosphatase1, Pp1-87B, and show that it regulates core protein polarization. Pp1-87B interacts with the core protein Van Gogh and at least one Serine/Threonine kinase, Dco/CKIε, that is known to regulate PCP. Pp1-87B modulates Van Gogh subcellular localization and directs its dephosphorylation in vivo. PNUTS, a Pp1 regulatory subunit, also modulates PCP. While the direct substrate(s) of Pp1-87B in control of PCP is not known, our data support the model that cycling between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of one or more core PCP components may regulate acquisition of asymmetry. Finally, our screen serves as a resource for identifying additional regulators of PCP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Song
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Present Address: GenScript, 860 Centennial Avenue, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexis T. Weiner
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silas Boye Nissen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Pablo Sanchez Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaye Suyama
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Present Address: School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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6
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Cetera M, Sharan R, Hayward-Lara G, Phillips B, Biswas A, Halley M, Beall E, vonHoldt B, Devenport D. Region-specific reversal of epidermal planar polarity in the rosette fancy mouse. Development 2023; 150:dev202078. [PMID: 37622728 PMCID: PMC10499026 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway collectively orients cells with respect to a body axis. Hair follicles of the murine epidermis provide a striking readout of PCP activity in their uniform alignment across the skin. Here, we characterize, from the molecular to tissue-scale, PCP establishment in the rosette fancy mouse, a natural variant with posterior-specific whorls in its fur, to understand how epidermal polarity is coordinated across the tissue. We find that rosette hair follicles emerge with reversed orientations specifically in the posterior region, creating a mirror image of epidermal polarity. The rosette trait is associated with a missense mutation in the core PCP gene Fzd6, which alters a consensus site for N-linked glycosylation, inhibiting its membrane localization. Unexpectedly, the Fzd6 trafficking defect does not block asymmetric localization of the other PCP proteins. Rather, the normally uniform axis of PCP asymmetry rotates where the PCP-directed cell movements that orient follicles are reversed, suggesting the PCP axis rotates 180°. Collectively, our multiscale analysis of epidermal polarity reveals PCP patterning can be regionally decoupled to produce posterior whorls in the rosette fancy mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Cetera
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - Brooke Phillips
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Madalene Halley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evalyn Beall
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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7
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Cetera M, Sharan R, Hayward-Lara G, Phillips B, Biswas A, Halley M, Beall E, vonHoldt B, Devenport D. Region-specific reversal of epidermal planar polarity in the fancy rosette mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550849. [PMID: 37546950 PMCID: PMC10402159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway collectively orients thousands of cells with respect to a body axis to direct cellular behaviors that are essential for embryonic morphogenesis. Hair follicles of the murine epidermis provide a striking readout of PCP activity in their uniform alignment along the entire skin surface. Here, we characterize, from the molecular to tissue-scale, PCP establishment in the rosette fancy mouse, a natural variant with posterior-specific whorls in its fur, to understand how epidermal polarity is coordinated across the tissue. We find that embryonic hair follicles of rosette mutants emerge with reversed orientations specifically in the posterior region, creating a mirror image of epidermal polarity. The rosette trait is associated with a missense mutation in the core PCP gene Fzd6 , which alters a consensus site for N-linked glycosylation and inhibits its membrane localization. Unexpectedly, this defect in Fzd6 trafficking, observed across the entire dorsal epidermis, does not interfere with the ability of other core PCP proteins to localize asymmetrically. Rather, the normally uniform axis of PCP asymmetry is disrupted and rotated in the posterior region such that polarity is reflected on either side of a transition zone. The result is a reversal of polarized cell movements that orient nascent follicles, specifically in the posterior of the embryo. Collectively, our multiscale analysis of epidermal polarity reveals PCP patterning can be regionally decoupled to produce the unique posterior whorls of the fancy rosette mouse. Summary Region-specific rotation of the Planar Cell Polarity axis reverses posterior hair follicles in the fancy rosette mouse.
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8
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Humphries AC, Molina-Pelayo C, Sil P, Hazelett CC, Devenport D, Mlodzik M. A Van Gogh/Vangl tyrosine phosphorylation switch regulates its interaction with core Planar Cell Polarity factors Prickle and Dishevelled. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010849. [PMID: 37463168 PMCID: PMC10381084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues can be polarized along two axes: in addition to apical-basal polarity they are often also polarized within the plane of the epithelium, known as planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP depends upon the conserved Wnt/Frizzled (Fz) signaling factors, including Fz itself and Van Gogh (Vang/Vangl in mammals). Here, taking advantage of the complementary features of Drosophila wing and mouse skin PCP establishment, we dissect how Vang/Vangl phosphorylation on a specific conserved tyrosine residue affects its interaction with two cytoplasmic core PCP factors, Dishevelled (Dsh/Dvl1-3 in mammals) and Prickle (Pk/Pk1-3). We demonstrate that Pk and Dsh/Dvl bind to Vang/Vangl in an overlapping region centered around this tyrosine. Strikingly, Vang/Vangl phosphorylation promotes its binding to Prickle, a key effector of the Vang/Vangl complex, and inhibits its interaction with Dishevelled. Thus phosphorylation of this tyrosine appears to promote the formation of the mature Vang/Vangl-Pk complex during PCP establishment and conversely it inhibits the Vang interaction with the antagonistic effector Dishevelled. Intriguingly, the phosphorylation state of this tyrosine might thus serve as a switch between transient interactions with Dishevelled and stable formation of Vang-Pk complexes during PCP establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Humphries
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudia Molina-Pelayo
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Parijat Sil
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - C. Clayton Hazelett
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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9
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Hu Z, Xie Y, Lu J, Yang J, Zhang J, Jiang H, Li H, Zhang Y, Wu D, Zeng K, Bai X, Yu X. VANGL2 inhibits antiviral IFN-I signaling by targeting TBK1 for autophagic degradation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2339. [PMID: 37352355 PMCID: PMC10289648 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Stringent control of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is critical to potent innate immune responses against viral infection, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we found that Van Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) acts as an IFN-inducible negative feedback regulator to suppress IFN-I signaling during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Mechanistically, VANGL2 interacted with TBK1 and promoted the selective autophagic degradation of TBK1 via K48-linked polyubiquitination at Lys372 by the E3 ligase TRIP, which serves as a recognition signal for the cargo receptor OPTN. Furthermore, myeloid-specific deletion of VANGL2 in mice showed enhanced IFN-I production against VSV infection and improved survival. In general, these findings revealed a negative feedback loop of IFN-I signaling through the VANGL2-TRIP-TBK1-OPTN axis and highlighted the cross-talk between IFN-I and autophagy in preventing viral infection. VANGL2 could be a potential clinical therapeutic target for viral infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchao Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansen Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwu Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaji Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Yue Bei People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Ayukawa T, Akiyama M, Hozumi Y, Ishimoto K, Sasaki J, Senoo H, Sasaki T, Yamazaki M. Tissue flow regulates planar cell polarity independently of the Frizzled core pathway. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111388. [PMID: 36130497 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates the orientation of external structures. A core group of proteins that includes Frizzled forms the heart of the PCP regulatory system. Other PCP mechanisms that are independent of the core group likely exist, but their underlying mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that tissue flow is a mechanism governing core group-independent PCP on the Drosophila notum. Loss of core group function only slightly affects bristle orientation in the adult central notum. This near-normal PCP results from tissue flow-mediated rescue of random bristle orientation during the pupal stage. Manipulation studies suggest that tissue flow can orient bristles in the opposite direction to the flow. This process is independent of the core group and implies that the apical extracellular matrix functions like a "comb" to align bristles. Our results reveal the significance of cooperation between tissue dynamics and extracellular substances in PCP establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Ayukawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masakazu Akiyama
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan; Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hozumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kenta Ishimoto
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Haruki Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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11
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Corgiat EB, List SM, Rounds JC, Yu D, Chen P, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The Nab2 RNA-binding protein patterns dendritic and axonal projections through a planar cell polarity-sensitive mechanism. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac100. [PMID: 35471546 PMCID: PMC9157165 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins support neurodevelopment by modulating numerous steps in post-transcriptional regulation, including splicing, export, translation, and turnover of mRNAs that can traffic into axons and dendrites. One such RNA-binding protein is ZC3H14, which is lost in an inherited intellectual disability. The Drosophila melanogaster ZC3H14 ortholog, Nab2, localizes to neuronal nuclei and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules and is required for olfactory memory and proper axon projection into brain mushroom bodies. Nab2 can act as a translational repressor in conjunction with the Fragile-X mental retardation protein homolog Fmr1 and shares target RNAs with the Fmr1-interacting RNA-binding protein Ataxin-2. However, neuronal signaling pathways regulated by Nab2 and their potential roles outside of mushroom body axons remain undefined. Here, we present an analysis of a brain proteomic dataset that indicates that multiple planar cell polarity proteins are affected by Nab2 loss, and couple this with genetic data that demonstrate that Nab2 has a previously unappreciated role in restricting the growth and branching of dendrites that elaborate from larval body-wall sensory neurons. Further analysis confirms that Nab2 loss sensitizes sensory dendrites to the genetic dose of planar cell polarity components and that Nab2-planar cell polarity genetic interactions are also observed during Nab2-dependent control of axon projection in the central nervous system mushroom bodies. Collectively, these data identify the conserved Nab2 RNA-binding protein as a likely component of post-transcriptional mechanisms that limit dendrite growth and branching in Drosophila sensory neurons and genetically link this role to the planar cell polarity pathway. Given that mammalian ZC3H14 localizes to dendritic spines and controls spine density in hippocampal neurons, these Nab2-planar cell polarity genetic data may highlight a conserved path through which Nab2/ZC3H14 loss affects morphogenesis of both axons and dendrites in diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin B Corgiat
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sara M List
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - J Christopher Rounds
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Carraway KL. Vangl as a Master Scaffold for Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887100. [PMID: 35646914 PMCID: PMC9130715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of polarity within tissues and dynamic cellular morphogenetic events are features common to both developing and adult tissues, and breakdown of these programs is associated with diverse human diseases. Wnt/Planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling, a branch of non-canonical Wnt signaling, is critical to the establishment and maintenance of polarity in epithelial tissues as well as cell motility events critical to proper embryonic development. In epithelial tissues, Wnt/PCP-mediated planar polarity relies upon the asymmetric distribution of core proteins to establish polarity, but the requirement for this distribution in Wnt/PCP-mediated cell motility remains unclear. However, in both polarized tissues and migratory cells, the Wnt/PCP-specific transmembrane protein Vangl is required and appears to serve as a scaffold upon which the core pathway components as well as positive and negative regulators of Wnt/PCP signaling assemble. The current literature suggests that the multiple interaction domains of Vangl allow for the binding of diverse signaling partners for the establishment of context- and tissue-specific complexes. In this review we discuss the role of Vangl as a master scaffold for Wnt/PCP signaling in epithelial tissue polarity and cellular motility events in developing and adult tissues, and address how these programs are dysregulated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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13
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Cho B, Song S, Wan JY, Axelrod JD. Prickle isoform participation in distinct polarization events in the Drosophila eye. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262328. [PMID: 35148314 PMCID: PMC8836327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling regulates several polarization events during development of ommatidia in the Drosophila eye, including directing chirality by polarizing a cell fate choice and determining the direction and extent of ommatidial rotation. The pksple isoform of the PCP protein Prickle is known to participate in the R3/R4 cell fate decision, but the control of other polarization events and the potential contributions of the three Pk isoforms have not been clarified. Here, by characterizing expression and subcellular localization of individual isoforms together with re-analyzing isoform specific phenotypes, we show that the R3/R4 fate decision, its coordination with rotation direction, and completion of rotation to a final ±90° rotation angle are separable polarization decisions with distinct Pk isoform requirements and contributions. Both pksple and pkpk can enforce robust R3/R4 fate decisions, but only pksple can correctly orient them along the dorsal-ventral axis. In contrast, pksple and pkpk can fully and interchangeably sustain coordination of rotation direction and rotation to completion. We propose that expression dynamics and competitive interactions determine isoform participation in these processes. We propose that the selective requirement for pksple to orient the R3/R4 decision and their interchangeability for coordination and completion of rotation reflects their previously described differential interaction with the Fat/Dachsous system which is known to be required for orientation of R3/R4 decisions but not for coordination or completion of rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Song Song
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Joy Y. Wan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Payankaulam S, Hickey SL, Arnosti DN. Cell cycle expression of polarity genes features Rb targeting of Vang. Cells Dev 2022; 169:203747. [PMID: 34583062 PMCID: PMC8934252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Specification of cellular polarity is vital to normal tissue development and function. Pioneering studies in Drosophila and C. elegans have elucidated the composition and dynamics of protein complexes critical for establishment of cell polarity, which is manifest in processes such as cell migration and asymmetric cell division. Conserved throughout metazoans, planar cell polarity (PCP) genes are implicated in disease, including neural tube closure defects associated with mutations in VANGL1/2. PCP protein regulation is well studied; however, relatively little is known about transcriptional regulation of these genes. Our earlier study revealed an unexpected role for the fly Rbf1 retinoblastoma corepressor protein, a regulator of cell cycle genes, in transcriptional regulation of polarity genes. Here we analyze the physiological relevance of the role of E2F/Rbf proteins in the transcription of the key core polarity gene Vang. Targeted mutations to the E2F site within the Vang promoter disrupts binding of E2F/Rbf proteins in vivo, leading to polarity defects in wing hairs. E2F regulation of Vang is supported by the requirement for this motif in a reporter gene. Interestingly, the promoter is repressed by overexpression of E2F1, a transcription factor generally identified as an activator. Consistent with the regulation of this polarity gene by E2F and Rbf factors, expression of Vang and other polarity genes is found to peak in G2/M phase in cells of the embryo and wing imaginal disc, suggesting that cell cycle signals may play a role in regulation of these genes. These findings suggest that the E2F/Rbf complex mechanistically links cell proliferation and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Payankaulam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hickey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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15
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Sheng X, Gao S, Sheng Y, Xie X, Wang J, He Y. Vangl2 participates in the primary ciliary assembly under low fluid shear stress in hUVECs. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:95-109. [PMID: 34738156 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of blood fluid shear stress (FSS) is considered the main factor that affects ciliogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs), the underlying mechanism is unclear. Microfluidic chamber experiments were carried out to load hUVECs with low fluid shear stress (LSS, 0.1 dynes/cm2) or high fluid shear stress (HSS, 15 dynes/cm2). Van Gogh2 (Vangl2), a core protein in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, was silenced and overexpressed in hUVECs. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that primary cilia assemble under LSS while disassembling under HSS. Vangl2 expression was consistent with cilia assembly, and its localization showed a polar distribution under LSS. Furthermore, the average number of ciliated cells and primary cilia length were increased in the Vangl2 overexpressing cell lines (the OE group) but decreased in the Vangl2 silenced cell lines (the SH group). When these cells were loaded with different FSS, more ciliated cells with longest primary cilia were observed in the LSS loaded OE group compared with those in the other groups. Immunoprecipitation showed that the interaction between Bardet-Biedl syndrome 8 (BBS8) and Vangl2 was enhanced following LSS loading compared to that under HSS. However, the interactions between phosphorylated dishevelled segment polarity protein 2 (pDvl2), kinesin family member 2a (Kif2a), and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Vangl2 were restrained following LSS loading. Overall, the results indicated that Vangl2 played a significant role during LSS-induced primary cilia assembly by recruiting BBS to promote the apical docking of basal bodies and by restraining Dvl2 phosphorylation from reducing primary cilia disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuanglin Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Morphology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiadan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
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16
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Bell IJ, Horn MS, Van Raay TJ. Bridging the gap between non-canonical and canonical Wnt signaling through Vangl2. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:37-44. [PMID: 34736823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-canonical Wnt signaling (encompassing Wnt/PCP and WntCa2+) has a dual identity in the literature. One stream of research investigates its role in antagonizing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer, typically through Ca2+, while the other stream investigates its effect on polarity in development, typically through Vangl2. Rarely do these topics intersect or overlap. What has become clear is that Wnt5a can mobilize intracellular calcium stores to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin in cancer cells but there is no evidence that Vangl2 is involved in this process. Conversely, Wnt5a can independently activate Vangl2 to affect polarity and migration but the role of calcium in this process is also limited. Further, Vangl2 has also been implicated in inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development. The consensus is that a cell can differentiate between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling when presented with a choice, always choosing non-canonical at the expense of canonical Wnt signaling. However, these are rare events in vivo. Given the shared resources between non-canonical and canonical Wnt signaling it is perplexing that there is not more in vivo evidence for cross talk between these two pathways. In this review we discuss the intersection of non-canonical Wnt, with a focus on Wnt/PCP, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an attempt to shed some light on pathways that rarely meet at a crossroads in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Matthew Sheldon Horn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Terence John Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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17
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Corgiat EB, List SM, Rounds JC, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The RNA-binding protein Nab2 regulates the proteome of the developing Drosophila brain. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100877. [PMID: 34139237 PMCID: PMC8260979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ZC3H14 gene, which encodes a ubiquitously expressed polyadenosine zinc finger RNA-binding protein, is mutated in an inherited form of autosomal recessive, nonsyndromic intellectual disability. To gain insight into neurological functions of ZC3H14, we previously developed a Drosophila melanogaster model of ZC3H14 loss by deleting the fly ortholog, Nab2. Studies in this invertebrate model revealed that Nab2 controls final patterns of neuron projection within fully developed adult brains, but the role of Nab2 during development of the Drosophila brain is not known. Here, we identify roles for Nab2 in controlling the dynamic growth of axons in the developing brain mushroom bodies, which support olfactory learning and memory, and regulating abundance of a small fraction of the total brain proteome. The group of Nab2-regulated brain proteins, identified by quantitative proteomic analysis, includes the microtubule-binding protein Futsch, the neuronal Ig-family transmembrane protein turtle, the glial:neuron adhesion protein contactin, the Rac GTPase-activating protein tumbleweed, and the planar cell polarity factor Van Gogh, which collectively link Nab2 to the processes of brain morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation, circadian sleep/wake cycles, and synaptic development. Overall, these data indicate that Nab2 controls the abundance of a subset of brain proteins during the active process of wiring the pupal brain mushroom body and thus provide a window into potentially conserved functions of the Nab2/ZC3H14 RNA-binding proteins in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin B Corgiat
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara M List
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J Christopher Rounds
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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18
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Gong Y, Li Z, Zou S, Deng D, Lai P, Hu H, Yao Y, Hu L, Zhang S, Li K, Wei T, Zhao X, Xiao G, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Bai X, Zou Z. Vangl2 limits chaperone-mediated autophagy to balance osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2103-2120.e9. [PMID: 34214490 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are the recycling center and nutrient signaling hub of the cell. Here, we show that lysosomes also control mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation by proteomic reprogramming. The chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) lysosome subgroup promotes osteogenesis, while suppressing adipogenesis, by selectively removing osteogenesis-deterring factors, especially master transcriptional factors, such as adipogenic TLE3, ZNF423, and chondrogenic SOX9. The activity of the CMA-committed lysosomes in MSCs are controlled by Van-Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) at lysosomes. Vangl2 directly binds to lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP-2A) and targets it for degradation. MSC-specific Vangl2 ablation in mice increases LAMP-2A expression and CMA-lysosome numbers, promoting bone formation while reducing marrow fat. The Vangl2:LAMP-2A ratio in MSCs correlates inversely with the capacity of the cells for osteoblastic differentiation in humans and mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for lysosomes in MSC lineage acquisition and establish Vangl2-LAMP-2A signaling as a critical control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shitian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daizhao Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pinglin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hongling Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongzhou Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Le Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zifeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Panyu District Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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19
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Feng D, Wang J, Yang W, Li J, Lin X, Zha F, Wang X, Ma L, Choi NT, Mii Y, Takada S, Huen MSY, Guo Y, Zhang L, Gao B. Regulation of Wnt/PCP signaling through p97/VCP-KBTBD7-mediated Vangl ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabg2099. [PMID: 33990333 PMCID: PMC8121430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The four-pass transmembrane proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2 are dedicated core components of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling that critically regulate polarized cell behaviors in many morphological and physiological processes. Here, we found that the abundance of Vangl proteins is tightly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The key ERAD component p97/VCP directly binds to Vangl at a highly conserved VCP-interacting motif and recruits the E3 ligase KBTBD7 via its UBA-UBX adaptors to promote Vangl ubiquitination and ERAD. We found that Wnt5a/CK1 prevents Vangl ubiquitination and ERAD by inducing Vangl phosphorylation, which facilitates Vangl export from the ER to the plasma membrane. We also provide in vivo evidence that KBTBD7 regulates convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation and functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by promoting Vangl degradation. Our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of Wnt/PCP signaling through the p97/VCP-KBTBD7-mediated ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangzi Zha
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nga Ting Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yusuke Mii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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20
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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21
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Zeng Y, Zhang B, Liu X, He L, Wang T, Yu X, Kang Y, Li S. Astragaloside IV alleviates puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte cytoskeleton injury through the Wnt/PCP pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3512-3521. [PMID: 32774716 PMCID: PMC7407721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common cause of massive proteinuria. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been reported to protect podocytes in diabetic models. However, the effects and potential mechanism of AS-IV on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of AS-IV on PAN-induced podocyte injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, we induced a podocytic-injury model in rats via a single tail vein injection of PAN. The rats in the treatment group received AS-IV intragastrically (i.g.) at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, 24 h urine, serum and kidney samples were collected for examination. In vitro, we injured podocytes with 30 μg/ml PAN and treated them with AS-IV at concentrations of 5, 25 and 50 μg/ml. Next, we analyzed podocyte protein expression and the Wnt/planar-cell polarity (PCP) pathway using western blot and immunofluorescence (IF). Our results showed that AS-IV decreased proteinuria in PAN-injured rats, and restored specific protein expression in podocytes. In PAN-induced injuries to human podocytes, AS-IV restored the expression and distribution of F-actin and synaptopodin, and repaired the morphology of the actin-based cytoskeleton. Notably, AS-IV could activate the Wnt/PCP pathway by promoting expression of Wnt5a, protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (p-JNK) in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AS-IV alleviated PAN-induced injury to the podocyte cytoskeleton, partially by activating the Wnt/PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangping He
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo District in ChongqingChongqing 400000, China
| | - Taifen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Kang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
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22
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Vu HTK, Mansour S, Kücken M, Blasse C, Basquin C, Azimzadeh J, Myers EW, Brusch L, Rink JC. Dynamic Polarization of the Multiciliated Planarian Epidermis between Body Plan Landmarks. Dev Cell 2020; 51:526-542.e6. [PMID: 31743666 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polarity is a universal design principle of biological systems that manifests at all organizational scales, yet its coordination across scales remains poorly understood. Here, we make use of the extreme anatomical plasticity of planarian flatworms to probe the interplay between global body plan polarity and local cell polarity. Our quantitative analysis of ciliary rootlet orientation in the epidermis reveals a dynamic polarity field with head and tail as independent determinants of anteroposterior (A/P) polarization and the body margin as determinant of mediolateral (M/L) polarization. Mathematical modeling rationalizes the global polarity field and its response to experimental manipulations as superposition of separate A/P and M/L fields, and we identify the core PCP and Ft/Ds pathways as their molecular mediators. Overall, our study establishes a framework for the alignment of cellular polarity vectors relative to planarian body plan landmarks and establishes the core PCP and Ft/Ds pathways as evolutionarily conserved 2D-polarization module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi-Kim Vu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Mansour
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kücken
- Technische Universität Dresden, Zentrum für Informationsdienste und Hochleistungsrechnen (ZIH), Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Blasse
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cyril Basquin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Juliette Azimzadeh
- Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Eugene Wimberly Myers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Zentrum für Informationsdienste und Hochleistungsrechnen (ZIH), Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jochen Christian Rink
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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23
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Hing H, Reger N, Snyder J, Fradkin LG. Interplay between axonal Wnt5-Vang and dendritic Wnt5-Drl/Ryk signaling controls glomerular patterning in the Drosophila antennal lobe. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008767. [PMID: 32357156 PMCID: PMC7219789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of dendritic targeting in neural circuit assembly, the mechanisms by which it is controlled still remain incompletely understood. We previously showed that in the developing Drosophila antennal lobe, the Wnt5 protein forms a gradient that directs the ~45˚ rotation of a cluster of projection neuron (PN) dendrites, including the adjacent DA1 and VA1d dendrites. We report here that the Van Gogh (Vang) transmembrane planar cell polarity (PCP) protein is required for the rotation of the DA1/VA1d dendritic pair. Cell type-specific rescue and mosaic analyses showed that Vang functions in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), suggesting a codependence of ORN axonal and PN dendritic targeting. Loss of Vang suppressed the repulsion of the VA1d dendrites by Wnt5, indicating that Wnt5 signals through Vang to direct the rotation of the DA1 and VA1d glomeruli. We observed that the Derailed (Drl)/Ryk atypical receptor tyrosine kinase is also required for the rotation of the DA1/VA1d dendritic pair. Antibody staining showed that Drl/Ryk is much more highly expressed by the DA1 dendrites than the adjacent VA1d dendrites. Mosaic and epistatic analyses showed that Drl/Ryk specifically functions in the DA1 dendrites in which it antagonizes the Wnt5-Vang repulsion and mediates the migration of the DA1 glomerulus towards Wnt5. Thus, the nascent DA1 and VA1d glomeruli appear to exhibit Drl/Ryk-dependent biphasic responses to Wnt5. Our work shows that the final patterning of the fly olfactory map is the result of an interplay between ORN axons and PN dendrites, wherein converging pre- and postsynaptic processes contribute key Wnt5 signaling components, allowing Wnt5 to orient the rotation of nascent synapses through a PCP mechanism. During brain development, the processes of nerve cells, axons and dendrites, grow over long distances to find and connect with each other to form synapses in precise locations. Understanding the mechanisms that control the growth of these neurites is important for understanding normal brain functions like neuronal plasticity and neural diseases like autism. Although much progress has been made by studying the development of axons and dendrites separately, the mechanisms that guide neuronal processes to their final locations are still incompletely understood. In particular, careful observation of converging pre- and postsynaptic processes suggests that their targeting may be coordinated. Whether the final targeting of axons and dendrites are functionally linked and what molecular mechanisms may be involved are unknown. In this paper we show that, in the developing Drosophila olfactory circuit, coalescing axons and dendrites respond to the extracellular Wnt5 signal in a codependent manner. We demonstrate that the converging axons and dendrites contribute different signaling components to the Wnt5 pathway, the Vang Gogh and Derailed transmembrane receptors respectively, which allow Wnt5 to coordinately guide the targeting of the neurites. Our work thus reveals a novel mechanism of neural circuit patterning and the molecular mechanism that controls it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Hing
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Noah Reger
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Snyder
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
| | - Lee G. Fradkin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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24
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Humphries AC, Narang S, Mlodzik M. Mutations associated with human neural tube defects display disrupted planar cell polarity in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:e53532. [PMID: 32234212 PMCID: PMC7180057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are linked, with a subset of NTD patients found to harbor mutations in PCP genes, but there is limited data on whether these mutations disrupt PCP signaling in vivo. The core PCP gene Van Gogh (Vang), Vangl1/2 in mammals, is the most specific for PCP. We thus addressed potential causality of NTD-associated Vangl1/2 mutations, from either mouse or human patients, in Drosophila allowing intricate analysis of the PCP pathway. Introducing the respective mammalian mutations into Drosophila Vang revealed defective phenotypic and functional behaviors, with changes to Vang localization, post-translational modification, and mechanistic function, such as its ability to interact with PCP effectors. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how different mammalian mutations contribute to developmental disorders and strengthen the link between PCP and NTD. Importantly, analyses of the human mutations revealed that each is a causative factor for the associated NTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Humphries
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative BiologyNew YorkUnited States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sonali Narang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative BiologyNew YorkUnited States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative BiologyNew YorkUnited States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNew YorkUnited States
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25
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Williams ML, Solnica-Krezel L. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of convergence and extension in zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 136:377-407. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Fisher KH, Strutt D, Fletcher AG. Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Bidirectional Signaling via Core Planar Polarity Protein Complexes in Drosophila. iScience 2019; 17:49-66. [PMID: 31254741 PMCID: PMC6610702 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing tissues, sheets of cells become planar polarized, enabling coordination of cell behaviors. It has been suggested that "signaling" of polarity information between cells may occur either bidirectionally or monodirectionally between the molecules Frizzled (Fz) and Van Gogh (Vang). Using computational modeling we find that both bidirectional and monodirectional signaling models reproduce known non-autonomous phenotypes derived from patches of mutant tissue of key molecules but predict different phenotypes from double mutant tissue, which have previously given conflicting experimental results. Furthermore, we re-examine experimental phenotypes in the Drosophila wing, concluding that signaling is most likely bidirectional. Our modeling suggests that bidirectional signaling can be mediated either indirectly via bidirectional feedbacks between asymmetric intercellular protein complexes or directly via different affinities for protein binding in intercellular complexes, suggesting future avenues for investigation. Our findings offer insight into mechanisms of juxtacrine cell signaling and how tissue-scale properties emerge from individual cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Strutt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK; Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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27
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Huang S, Chen B, Su Y, Alex L, Humeres C, Shinde AV, Conway SJ, Frangogiannis NG. Distinct roles of myofibroblast-specific Smad2 and Smad3 signaling in repair and remodeling of the infarcted heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:84-97. [PMID: 31085202 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TGF-βs regulate fibroblast responses, by activating Smad2 or Smad3 signaling, or via Smad-independent pathways. We have previously demonstrated that myofibroblast-specific Smad3 is critically implicated in repair of the infarcted heart. However, the role of fibroblast Smad2 in myocardial infarction remains unknown. This study investigates the role of myofibroblast-specific Smad2 signaling in myocardial infarction, and explores the mechanisms responsible for the distinct effects of Smad2 and Smad3. In a mouse model of non-reperfused myocardial infarction, Smad2 activation in infarct myofibroblasts peaked 7 days after coronary occlusion. In vitro, TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3, but not angiotensin 2 and bone morphogenetic proteins-2, -4 and -7, activated fibroblast Smad2. Myofibroblast-specific Smad2 and Smad3 knockout mice (FS2KO, FS3KO) and corresponding control littermates underwent non-reperfused infarction. In contrast to the increase in rupture rates and adverse remodeling in FS3KO mice, FS2KO animals had mortality comparable to Smad2 fl/fl controls, and exhibited a modest but transient improvement in dysfunction after 7 days of coronary occlusion. At the 28 day timepoint, FS2KO and Smad2 fl/fl mice had comparable adverse remodeling. Although both FS3KO and FS2KO animals had increased myofibroblast density in the infarct, only FS3KO mice exhibited impaired scar organization, associated with perturbed alignment of infarct myofibroblasts. In vitro, Smad3 but not Smad2 knockdown downmodulated fibroblast α2 and α5 integrin expression. Moreover, Smad3 knockdown reduced expression of the GTPase RhoA, whereas Smad2 knockdown markedly increased fibroblast RhoA levels. Smad3-dependent integrin expression may be important for fibroblast activation, whereas RhoA may transduce planar cell polarity pathway signals, essential for fibroblast alignment. Myofibroblast-specific Smad3, but not Smad2 is required for formation of aligned myofibroblast arrays in the infarct. The distinct in vivo effects of myofibroblast Smad2 and Smad3 may involve Smad3-dependent integrin synthesis, and contrasting effects of Smad2 and Smad3 on RhoA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibo Huang
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Bijun Chen
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Simon J Conway
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
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28
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Panzica DA, Findlay AS, van Ladesteijn R, Collinson JM. The core planar cell polarity gene, Vangl2, maintains apical-basal organisation of the corneal epithelium. J Anat 2019; 234:106-119. [PMID: 28833131 PMCID: PMC6284432 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway protein, Vangl2, was investigated in the corneal epithelium of the mammalian eye, a paradigm anatomical model of planar cell migration. The gene was conditionally knocked out in vivo and knocked down by siRNA, followed by immunohistochemical, behavioural and morphological analysis of corneal epithelial cells. The primary defects observed in vivo were of apical-basal organisation of the corneal epithelium, with abnormal stratification throughout life, mislocalisation of the cell membrane protein, Scribble, to the basal side of cells, and partial loss of the epithelial basement membrane. Planar defects in migration after wounding and in the presence of an applied electric field were noted. However, knockdown of Vangl2 also retarded cell migration in individual cells that had no contact with their neighbours, which precluded a classic PCP mechanism. It is concluded that some of the planar polarity phenotypes in PCP mutants may arise from disruption of apical-basal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Alessio Panzica
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Amy S. Findlay
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - J. Martin Collinson
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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29
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Lawrence PA, Casal J. Planar cell polarity: two genetic systems use one mechanism to read gradients. Development 2018; 145:145/23/dev168229. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Our aim in this short Primer is to explain the principles of planar cell polarity (PCP) in animal development. The literature in this small field is complex and specialized, but we have extracted a simple and central story from it. We explain our hypothesis that polarity, initially cued by the direction of slope of a multicellular gradient, is interpreted at the cellular level so that each cell becomes molecularly polarised. The mechanism involves a comparison between a cell and its neighbours. To achieve this comparison there are (at least) two disparate and independent molecular systems, each depending on molecular bridges that span between neighbouring cells. Even though the two systems are made up of different molecules, we argue that both systems function in a logically equivalent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Lawrence
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - José Casal
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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30
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Jessen TN, Jessen JR. VANGL2 protein stability is regulated by integrin αv and the extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:128-139. [PMID: 30472097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vang-like 2 (VANGL2) is a four-pass transmembrane protein required for a variety of polarized cell behaviors underlying embryonic development. Recent data show human VANGL2 interacts with integrin αv to control cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. The goal of this study was to further define the functional relationship between integrin αv and VANGL2. We demonstrate integrin αv regulates VANGL2 protein levels both in vitro and in the zebrafish embryo. While integrin αv knockdown reduces VANGL2 expression at membrane compartments, it does not affect VANGL2 transcription. Knockdown of integrin β5, but not β1 or β3, also decreases VANGL2 protein levels. Inhibition of protein translation using cycloheximide demonstrates that integrin αv knockdown cells have increased VANGL2 degradation while interference with either proteasome or lysosome function restores VANGL2. We further show integrin activation and stimulation of cell-matrix adhesion using MnCl2 fails to influence VANGL2. However, MnCl2 treatment stabilizes VANGL2 protein expression levels in the presence of cycloheximide. In the converse experiment, blockage of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion using a cyclic RGD peptide causes a reduction in VANGL2 protein levels. Together, our findings support a model where integrin αv and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix are required to maintain VANGL2 protein levels and thus function at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy N Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
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31
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Love AM, Prince DJ, Jessen JR. Vangl2-dependent regulation of membrane protrusions and directed migration requires a fibronectin extracellular matrix. Development 2018; 145:dev.165472. [PMID: 30327324 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During zebrafish gastrulation the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Vang-like 2 (Vangl2) regulates the polarization of cells that are engaged in directed migration. However, it is unclear whether Vangl2 influences membrane-protrusive activities in migrating gastrula cells and whether these processes require the fibronectin extracellular matrix. Here, we report that Vangl2 modulates the formation and polarization of actin-rich filopodia-like and large lamellipodia-like protrusions in ectodermal cells. By contrast, disrupted Glypican4/PCP signaling affects protrusion polarity but not protrusion number or directed migration. Analysis of fluorescent fusion protein expression suggests that there is widespread Vangl2 symmetry in migrating cells, but there is enrichment at membrane domains that are developing large protrusions compared with non-protrusive domains. We show that the fibronectin extracellular matrix is essential for cell-surface Vangl2 expression, membrane-protrusive activity and directed migration. Manipulation of fibronectin protein levels rescues protrusion and directed migration phenotypes in vangl2 mutant embryos, but it is not sufficient to restore either PCP, or convergence and extension movements. Together, our findings identify distinct roles for Vangl2 and Glypican4/PCP signaling during membrane protrusion formation and demonstrate that cell-matrix interactions underlie Vangl2-dependent regulation of protrusive activities in migrating gastrula cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Love
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Dianna J Prince
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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32
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Coordination of cell migration mediated by site-dependent cell-cell contact. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10678-10683. [PMID: 30275335 PMCID: PMC6196508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807543115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), the repulsive response of cells upon cell-cell contact, has been the predominant paradigm for contact-mediated responses. However, it is difficult for CIL alone to account for the complex behavior of cells within a multicellular environment, where cells often migrate in cohorts such as sheets, clusters, and streams. Although cell-cell adhesion and mechanical interactions play a role, how individual cells coordinate their migration within a multicellular environment remains unclear. Using micropatterned substrates to guide cell migration and manipulate cell-cell contact, we show that contacts between different regions of cells elicit different responses. Repulsive responses were limited to interaction with the head of a migrating cell, while contact with the tail of a neighboring cell promoted migration toward the tail. The latter behavior, termed contact following of locomotion (CFL), required the Wnt signaling pathway. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway disrupted not only CFL but also collective migration of epithelial cells, without affecting the migration of individual cells. In contrast, inhibition of myosin II with blebbistatin disrupted the migration of both individual epithelial cells and collectives. We propose that CFL, in conjunction with CIL, plays a major role in guiding and coordinating cell migration within a multicellular environment.
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33
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Casal J, Ibáñez-Jiménez B, Lawrence PA. Planar cell polarity: the prickle gene acts independently on both the Ds/Ft and the Stan/Fz systems. Development 2018; 145:dev.168112. [PMID: 30154173 PMCID: PMC6176928 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are polarised within the plane of the epithelium, forming oriented structures that have a coordinated and consistent polarity (planar cell polarity, PCP). In Drosophila, at least two separate molecular systems generate and interpret intercellular polarity signals: Dachsous/Fat, and the ‘core’ or Starry night/Frizzled system. Here, we study the prickle gene and its protein products Prickle and Spiny leg. Much research on PCP has focused on the asymmetric localisation of core proteins in the cell and as a result prickle was placed in the heart of the Starry night/Frizzled system. We investigate whether this view is correct and how the prickle gene relates to the two systems. We find that prickle can affect, separately, both systems; however, neither Prickle nor Spiny leg are essential components of the Dachsous/Fat or the Starry night/Frizzled system, nor do they act as a functional link between the two systems. Summary:Drosophilaprickle can affect, separately, both the Ds/Ft and the Stan/Fz PCP systems; however, Pk and Sple are not essential for either and do not act as a functional link between the two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Casal
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Peter A Lawrence
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Zhou L, Lim MYT, Kaur P, Saj A, Bortolamiol-Becet D, Gopal V, Tolwinski N, Tucker-Kellogg G, Okamura K. Importance of miRNA stability and alternative primary miRNA isoforms in gene regulation during Drosophila development. eLife 2018; 7:e38389. [PMID: 30024380 PMCID: PMC6066331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are processed from primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs), and their expression is controlled at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, how regulation at multiple levels achieves precise control remains elusive. Using published and new datasets, we profile a time course of mature and pri-miRNAs in Drosophila embryos and reveal the dynamics of miRNA production and degradation as well as dynamic changes in pri-miRNA isoform selection. We found that 5' nucleotides influence stability of mature miRNAs. Furthermore, distinct half-lives of miRNAs from the mir-309 cluster shape their temporal expression patterns, and the importance of rapid degradation of the miRNAs in gene regulation is detected as distinct evolutionary signatures at the target sites in the transcriptome. Finally, we show that rapid degradation of miR-3/-309 may be important for regulation of the planar cell polarity pathway component Vang. Altogether, the results suggest that complex mechanisms regulate miRNA expression to support normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratorySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mandy Yu Theng Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratorySingaporeSingapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Prameet Kaur
- Division of ScienceYale-NUS CollegeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Abil Saj
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified OncologyGenome Institute of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Vikneswaran Gopal
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nicholas Tolwinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of ScienceYale-NUS CollegeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Greg Tucker-Kellogg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Katsutomo Okamura
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratorySingaporeSingapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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35
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Diaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Ray RP, Ganguly PS, Alt S, Davis JR, Hoppe A, Tapon N, Salbreux G, Thompson BJ. Apical and Basal Matrix Remodeling Control Epithelial Morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2018; 46:23-39.e5. [PMID: 29974861 PMCID: PMC6035286 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues can elongate in two dimensions by polarized cell intercalation, oriented cell division, or cell shape change, owing to local or global actomyosin contractile forces acting in the plane of the tissue. In addition, epithelia can undergo morphogenetic change in three dimensions. We show that elongation of the wings and legs of Drosophila involves a columnar-to-cuboidal cell shape change that reduces cell height and expands cell width. Remodeling of the apical extracellular matrix by the Stubble protease and basal matrix by MMP1/2 proteases induces wing and leg elongation. Matrix remodeling does not occur in the haltere, a limb that fails to elongate. Limb elongation is made anisotropic by planar polarized Myosin-II, which drives convergent extension along the proximal-distal axis. Subsequently, Myosin-II relocalizes to lateral membranes to accelerate columnar-to-cuboidal transition and isotropic tissue expansion. Thus, matrix remodeling induces dynamic changes in actomyosin contractility to drive epithelial morphogenesis in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert P Ray
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Poulami S Ganguly
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Silvanus Alt
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, Berlin-Buch 13125, Germany
| | - John R Davis
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas Hoppe
- Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Nic Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Barry J Thompson
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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36
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Stoller ML, Roman O, Deans MR. Domineering non-autonomy in Vangl1;Vangl2 double mutants demonstrates intercellular PCP signaling in the vertebrate inner ear. Dev Biol 2018; 437:17-26. [PMID: 29510119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The organization of polarized stereociliary bundles is critical for the function of the inner ear sensory receptor hair cells that detect sound and motion, and these cells present a striking example of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP); the coordinated orientation of polarized structures within the plane of an epithelium. PCP is best understood in Drosophila where the essential genes regulating PCP were first discovered, and functions for the core PCP proteins encoded by these genes have been deciphered through phenotypic analysis of core PCP gene mutants. One illuminating phenotype is the domineering non-autonomy that is observed where abrupt disruptions in PCP signaling impacts the orientation of neighboring wild type cells, because this demonstrates local intercellular signaling mediated by the core PCP proteins. Using Emx2-Cre to generate an analogous mutant boundary in the mouse inner ear, we disrupted vertebrate PCP signaling in Vangl1;Vangl2 conditional knockouts. Due to unique aspects of vestibular anatomy, core PCP protein distribution along the mutant boundary generated in the utricle resembles the proximal side of vang mutant clones in the Drosophila wing, while the boundary in the saccule resembles and the distal side. Consistent with these protein distributions, a domineering non-autonomy phenotype occurs along the Emx2-Cre boundary in the mutant utricle that does not occur in the saccule. These results further support the hypothesis that core PCP function is conserved in vertebrates by demonstrating intercellular PCP signaling in the sensory epithelia of the mouse ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Stoller
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Orvelin Roman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Neurobiology&Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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37
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Humphries AC, Mlodzik M. From instruction to output: Wnt/PCP signaling in development and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 51:110-116. [PMID: 29289896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) provides positional information to direct tissue patterning and morphogenesis. While much of the molecular detail of the pathway has been delineated in Drosophila, ensuing studies have shown considerable conservation of both the components and mechanisms of signaling in vertebrates. A recognized feature of PCP is the asymmetric localization of components that translates a global directional cue into a polarized downstream output. Here we discuss recent advances in the PCP field, from the organization of these asymmetric complexes to their upstream directional regulation by Wnt ligands. We also discuss the impact of Wnt/PCP signaling in disease and more specifically an emerging role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Ceinwen Humphries
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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38
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Bailly E, Walton A, Borg JP. The planar cell polarity Vangl2 protein: From genetics to cellular and molecular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:62-70. [PMID: 29111415 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the capacity of a tissue, typically, but not exclusively, an epithelium, to transmit directional information across the tissue plane such that its cellular constituents can differentiate, divide or move in a coordinated manner and along a common axis, generally orthogonal to the apical-basal axis. PCP relies on a core module of highly conserved proteins originally identified in Drosophila which can act intra- and extracellularly. In this review, we focus on the vertebrate ortholog of one of these core PCP components, namely the Vangl2 protein. After a brief historical perspective, we discuss novel cellular settings for which a cellular Vangl2 requirement has been recently documented, with a particular emphasis on adult tissues that rely on Vangl2 for the maintenance of their regenerative capacity or their physiological functions. Finally we compile the most recent data about Vangl2 interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bailly
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France.
| | - Alexandra Walton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France.
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39
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Yang W, Garrett L, Feng D, Elliott G, Liu X, Wang N, Wong YM, Choi NT, Yang Y, Gao B. Wnt-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation is dose-dependently required for planar cell polarity in mammalian development. Cell Res 2017; 27:1466-1484. [PMID: 29056748 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an evolutionarily conserved essential mechanism that provides directional information to control and coordinate polarized cellular and tissue behavior during embryonic development. Disruption of PCP leads to severe morphological defects in vertebrates and its dysregulation results in a variety of human diseases such as neural tube defects and skeletal dysplasia. PCP is governed by a set of highly conserved core proteins that are asymmetrically localized at the cell surface throughout the polarized tissues. The uniform directionality of PCP is established by global cues, such as Wg/Wnt signaling gradients that break the original symmetrical localization of core PCP proteins including Vang/Vangl and Fz/Fzd. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that Vangl2 phosphorylation, which was previously identified to be induced by Wnt5a signaling, is required for Vangl2 functions in mammalian PCP in multiple tissues. The in vivo activities of Vangl2 are determined by its phosphorylation level. Phospho-mutant Vangl2 exhibits dominant negative effects, whereas Vangl2 with reduced phosphorylation is hypomorphic. We show that Vangl2 phosphorylation is essential for its uniform polarization pattern. Moreover, serine/threonine kinases CK1ɛ and CK1δ are redundantly required for Wnt5a-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation. Dvl family members are also required for Wnt5a-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation by enhancing the interaction of CK1 and Vangl2. These findings demonstrate that induction of Vangl protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in transducing Wnt5a signaling to establish PCP in mammalian development, suggesting a phosphorylation-regulated "Vangl activity gradient" model in addition to the well-documented "Fz activity gradient" model in Wnt/PCP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lisa Garrett
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Elliott
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xilin Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Ming Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nga Ting Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth & HKU-SUSTEC Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Integrating planar polarity and tissue mechanics in computational models of epithelial morphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Warrington SJ, Strutt H, Fisher KH, Strutt D. A Dual Function for Prickle in Regulating Frizzled Stability during Feedback-Dependent Amplification of Planar Polarity. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2784-2797.e3. [PMID: 28918952 PMCID: PMC5628951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The core planar polarity pathway coordinates epithelial cell polarity during animal development, and loss of its activity gives rise to a range of defects, from aberrant morphogenetic cell movements to failure to correctly orient structures, such as hairs and cilia. The core pathway functions via a mechanism involving segregation of its protein components to opposite cells ends, where they form asymmetric intracellular complexes that couple cell-cell polarity. This segregation is a self-organizing process driven by feedback interactions between the core proteins themselves. Despite intense efforts, the molecular pathways underlying feedback have proven difficult to elucidate using conventional genetic approaches. Here we investigate core protein function during planar polarization of the Drosophila wing by combining quantitative measurements of protein dynamics with loss-of-function genetics, mosaic analysis, and temporal control of gene expression. Focusing on the key core protein Frizzled, we show that its stable junctional localization is promoted by the core proteins Strabismus, Dishevelled, Prickle, and Diego. In particular, we show that the stabilizing function of Prickle on Frizzled requires Prickle activity in neighboring cells. Conversely, Prickle in the same cell has a destabilizing effect on Frizzled. This destabilizing activity is dependent on the presence of Dishevelled and blocked in the absence of Dynamin and Rab5 activity, suggesting an endocytic mechanism. Overall, our approach reveals for the first time essential in vivo stabilizing and destabilizing interactions of the core proteins required for self-organization of planar polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Warrington
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen Strutt
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katherine H Fisher
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Strutt
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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42
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Ebnet K, Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Singh A, Nakayama M, Matis M. Regulation of cell polarity by cell adhesion receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:2-12. [PMID: 28739340 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to polarize is an intrinsic property of almost all cells and is required for the devlopment of most multicellular organisms. To develop cell polarity, cells integrate various signals derived from intrinsic as well as extrinsic sources. In the recent years, cell-cell adhesion receptors have turned out as important regulators of cellular polarization. By interacting with conserved cell polarity proteins, they regulate the recruitment of polarity complexes to specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. By initiating intracellular signaling cascades at those sites, they trigger their specific subcellular activation. Not surprisingly, cell-cell adhesion receptors regulate diverse aspects of cell polarity, including apico-basal polarity in epithelial and endothelial cells, front-to-rear polarity in collectively migrating cells, and planar cell polarity during organ development. Here, we review the recent developments highlighting the central roles of cell-cell adhesion molecules in the development of cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Amrita Singh
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany.
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43
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Cetera M, Leybova L, Woo FW, Deans M, Devenport D. Planar cell polarity-dependent and independent functions in the emergence of tissue-scale hair follicle patterns. Dev Biol 2017; 428:188-203. [PMID: 28599846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles of the mammalian epidermis display local order and global alignment, a complex pattern instructed by the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Here we address the contributions of core PCP genes, Van Gogh-like and Frizzled, to the establishment, local refinement, and global order of embryonic and postnatal hair follicles. We find that, similar to Fz6 mutants, the disordered hair patterns of Vangl2 mutants are refined over time and eventually corrected. In both mutants, we find that tissue-level reorientation occurs through locally coordinated follicle rotation at stereotyped locations. Strikingly, Vangl2 and Fz6 mutant follicles collectively rotate with opposing directionalities, suggesting that redundant core PCP signals contribute to their directed realignment. Consistently, global follicle alignment is not restored upon conditional ablation of both Vangl1 and Vangl2 genes. Instead, spatially distinct patterns of whorls and crosses emerge and persist even after a complete cycle of hair follicle regeneration. Thus, local refinement of hair follicles into higher order patterns can occur independently of the core PCP system, however, their global alignment with the body axes requires PCP function throughout morphogenesis, growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Cetera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Liliya Leybova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Frank W Woo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Deans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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44
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Oozeer F, Yates LL, Dean C, Formstone CJ. A role for core planar polarity proteins in cell contact-mediated orientation of planar cell division across the mammalian embryonic skin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1880. [PMID: 28500339 PMCID: PMC5431842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how cell division orientation is determined is fundamentally important for understanding tissue and organ shape in both healthy or disease conditions. Here we provide evidence for cell contact-dependent orientation of planar cell division in the mammalian embryonic skin. We propose a model where the core planar polarity proteins Celsr1 and Frizzled-6 (Fz6) communicate the long axis orientation of interphase basal cells to neighbouring basal mitoses so that they align their horizontal division plane along the same axis. The underlying mechanism requires a direct, cell surface, planar polarised cue, which we posit depends upon variant post-translational forms of Celsr1 protein coupled to Fz6. Our hypothesis has parallels with contact-mediated division orientation in early C. elegans embryos suggesting functional conservation between the adhesion-GPCRs Celsr1 and Latrophilin-1. We propose that linking planar cell division plane with interphase neighbour long axis geometry reinforces axial bias in skin spreading around the mouse embryo body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Oozeer
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunts House, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Laura L Yates
- MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Dean
- MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Caroline J Formstone
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunts House, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
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45
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Jussila M, Ciruna B. Zebrafish models of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28304136 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell-transplantation, and live-imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome-editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late-onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Butler MT, Wallingford JB. Planar cell polarity in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:375-388. [PMID: 28293032 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an essential feature of animal tissues, whereby distinct polarity is established within the plane of a cell sheet. Tissue-wide establishment of PCP is driven by multiple global cues, including gradients of gene expression, gradients of secreted WNT ligands and anisotropic tissue strain. These cues guide the dynamic, subcellular enrichment of PCP proteins, which can self-assemble into mutually exclusive complexes at opposite sides of a cell. Endocytosis, endosomal trafficking and degradation dynamics of PCP components further regulate planar tissue patterning. This polarization propagates throughout the whole tissue, providing a polarity axis that governs collective morphogenetic events such as the orientation of subcellular structures and cell rearrangements. Reflecting the necessity of polarized cellular behaviours for proper development and function of diverse organs, defects in PCP have been implicated in human pathologies, most notably in severe birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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47
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The PCP pathway regulates Baz planar distribution in epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33420. [PMID: 27624969 PMCID: PMC5022056 DOI: 10.1038/srep33420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The localisation of apico-basal polarity proteins along the Z-axis of epithelial cells is well understood while their distribution in the plane of the epithelium is poorly characterised. Here we provide a systematic description of the planar localisation of apico-basal polarity proteins in the Drosophila ommatidial epithelium. We show that the adherens junction proteins Shotgun and Armadillo, as well as the baso-lateral complexes, are bilateral, i.e. present on both sides of cell interfaces. In contrast, we report that other key adherens junction proteins, Bazooka and the myosin regulatory light chain (Spaghetti squash) are unilateral, i.e. present on one side of cell interfaces. Furthermore, we demonstrate that planar cell polarity (PCP) and not the apical determinants Crumbs and Par-6 control Bazooka unilaterality in cone cells. Altogether, our work unravels an unexpected organisation and combination of apico-basal, cytoskeletal and planar polarity proteins that is different on either side of cell-cell interfaces and unique for the different contacts of the same cell.
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Yang Y, Mlodzik M. Wnt-Frizzled/planar cell polarity signaling: cellular orientation by facing the wind (Wnt). Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 31:623-46. [PMID: 26566118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) in epithelial and mesenchymal cells is a critical, evolutionarily conserved process during development and organogenesis. Analyses in Drosophila and several vertebrate model organisms have contributed a wealth of information on the regulation of PCP. A key conserved pathway regulating PCP, the so-called core Wnt-Frizzled PCP (Fz/PCP) signaling pathway, was initially identified through genetic studies of Drosophila. PCP studies in vertebrates, most notably mouse and zebrafish, have identified novel factors in PCP signaling and have also defined cellular features requiring PCP signaling input. These studies have shifted focus to the role of Van Gogh (Vang)/Vangl genes in this molecular system. This review focuses on new insights into the core Fz/Vangl/PCP pathway and recent advances in Drosophila and vertebrate PCP studies. We attempt to integrate these within the existing core Fz/Vangl/PCP signaling framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
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Wu Z, Epasinghe DJ, He J, Li L, Green DW, Lee MJ, Jung HS. Altered tooth morphogenesis after silencing the planar cell polarity core component, Vangl2. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:617-621. [PMID: 27590885 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vangl2, one of the core components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, has an important role in the regulation of morphogenesis in several tissues. Although the expression of Vangl2 has been detected in the developing tooth, its role in tooth morphogenesis is not known. In this study, we show that Vangl2 is expressed in the inner dental epithelium (IDE) and in the secondary enamel knots (SEKs) of bell stage tooth germs. Inhibition of Vangl2 expression by siRNA treatment in in vitro-cultured tooth germs resulted in retarded tooth germ growth with deregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis. After kidney transplantation of Vangl2 siRNA-treated tooth germs, teeth were observed to be small and malformed. We also show that Vangl2 is required to maintain the proper pattern of cell alignment in SEKs, which maybe important for the function of SEKs as signaling centers. These results suggest that Vangl2 plays an important role in the morphogenesis of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wu
- Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Don Jeevanie Epasinghe
- Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - David W Green
- Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Huang H, Kornberg TB. Cells must express components of the planar cell polarity system and extracellular matrix to support cytonemes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27591355 PMCID: PMC5030081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila dorsal air sac development depends on Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) proteins produced by the wing imaginal disc and transported by cytonemes to the air sac primordium (ASP). Dpp and FGF signaling in the ASP was dependent on components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) system in the disc, and neither Dpp- nor FGF-receiving cytonemes extended over mutant disc cells that lacked them. ASP cytonemes normally navigate through extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of collagen, laminin, Dally and Dally-like (Dlp) proteins that are stratified in layers over the disc cells. However, ECM over PCP mutant cells had reduced levels of laminin, Dally and Dlp, and whereas Dpp-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dally layer and required Dally (but not Dlp), FGF-receiving ASP cytonemes navigated in the Dlp layer, requiring Dlp (but not Dally). These findings suggest that cytonemes interact directly and specifically with proteins in the stratified ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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