1
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Gonçalves M, Weon BM. Limits to lifespan growth. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1037544. [PMID: 36684960 PMCID: PMC9853412 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1037544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing human lifespan debate is revival, and the consensus is yet to come on whether the maximum human lifespan is reaching a limit or not. This study discusses how mathematical constraints inherent in survival curves indicate a limit on maximum lifespans, implying that humans would have inevitable limits to lifespan growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Mook Weon
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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2
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Milholland B, Vijg J. Why Gilgamesh failed: the mechanistic basis of the limits to human lifespan. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:878-884. [PMID: 37118288 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this Perspective is to clarify for an interdisciplinary audience the fundamental concepts of human longevity and provide evidence for a limit to human lifespan. This observed limit is placed into a broader framework by showing how it has arisen through the process of evolution and by enumerating the molecular mechanisms that may enforce it. Finally, we look toward potential future developments and the prospects for possibly circumventing the current limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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3
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Camarda CG. The curse of the plateau. Measuring confidence in human mortality estimates at extreme ages. Theor Popul Biol 2022; 144:24-36. [PMID: 35101435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of describing mortality at the limits of the life span has led to a number of relevant and controversial studies. Whereas considerable efforts have been devoted to collecting data and estimating models on the oldest-old individuals, the testing of statistical confidence about the conclusions of analyses at extreme ages has been largely neglected. How certain can we be in saying that the risk of dying increases, levels out, or, paradoxically, decreases over age 105? Can we recognize particular mortality age patterns at such high ages? In this paper, it is shown that very little can be confidently asserted about mortality at extreme ages. Instead of analysing actual data, we perform a series of simulation studies mimicking actual scenarios from controlled mechanisms. Our findings are thus robust with respect to factors such as particular observation schemes, heterogeneity, and data quality issues. Given the sample sizes currently available and the levels of mortality experienced in present populations, we show that before age 110, only a Gompertzian increase of mortality may be detected. Afterwards a plateau will be regularly recognized as the most suitable pattern, regardless of the complexity of the true underlying mortality.
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4
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Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA. Are We Approaching a Biological Limit to Human Longevity? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1061-1067. [PMID: 31276575 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently human longevity records continued to grow in history, with no indication of approaching a hypothetical longevity limit. Also, earlier studies found that age-specific death rates cease to increase at advanced ages (mortality plateau) suggesting the absence of fixed limit to longevity too. In this study, we reexamine both claims with more recent and reliable data on supercentenarians (persons aged 110 years and older). We found that despite a dramatic historical increase in the number of supercentenarians, further growth of human longevity records in subsequent birth cohorts slowed down significantly and almost stopped for those born after 1879. We also found an exponential acceleration of age-specific death rates for persons older than 113 years in more recent data. Slowing down the historical progress in maximum reported age at death and accelerated growth of age-specific death rates after age 113 years in recent birth cohorts may indicate the need for more conservative estimates for future longevity records unless a scientific breakthrough in delaying aging would happen. The hypothesis of approaching a biological limit to human longevity has received some empirical support and it deserves further study and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Gavrilova
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leonid A Gavrilov
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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5
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De Larochelambert Q, Marc A, Antero J, Le Bourg E, Toussaint JF. Covid-19 Mortality: A Matter of Vulnerability Among Nations Facing Limited Margins of Adaptation. Front Public Health 2020; 8:604339. [PMID: 33330343 PMCID: PMC7710830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.604339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The human development territories have been severely constrained under the Covid-19 pandemic. A common dynamics has been observed, but its propagation has not been homogeneous over each continent. We aimed at characterizing the non-viral parameters that were most associated with death rate. Methods: We tested major indices from five domains (demography, public health, economy, politics, environment) and their potential associations with Covid-19 mortality during the first 8 months of 2020, through a Principal Component Analysis and a correlation matrix with a Pearson correlation test. Data of all countries, or states in federal countries, showing at least 10 fatality cases, were retrieved from official public sites. For countries that have not yet finished the first epidemic phase, a prospective model has been computed to provide options of death rates evolution. Results: Higher Covid death rates are observed in the [25/65°] latitude and in the [−35/−125°] longitude ranges. The national criteria most associated with death rate are life expectancy and its slowdown, public health context (metabolic and non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden vs. infectious diseases prevalence), economy (growth national product, financial support), and environment (temperature, ultra-violet index). Stringency of the measures settled to fight pandemia, including lockdown, did not appear to be linked with death rate. Conclusion: Countries that already experienced a stagnation or regression of life expectancy, with high income and NCD rates, had the highest price to pay. This burden was not alleviated by more stringent public decisions. Inherent factors have predetermined the Covid-19 mortality: understanding them may improve prevention strategies by increasing population resilience through better physical fitness and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andy Marc
- EA7329, Institute for Research in bioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | - Juliana Antero
- EA7329, Institute for Research in bioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | - Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- EA7329, Institute for Research in bioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France.,CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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6
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Clerencia-Sierra M, Ioakeim-Skoufa I, Poblador-Plou B, González-Rubio F, Aza-Pascual-Salcedo M, Machón M, Gimeno-Miguel A, Prados-Torres A. Do Centenarians Die Healthier than Younger Elders? A Comparative Epidemiological Study in Spain. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051563. [PMID: 32455809 PMCID: PMC7291259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe the clinical course, drug use, and health services use characteristics during the last year of life of elders who die being centenarians and to identify key aspects differentiating them from elders who die at an earlier age, with a particular focus on sex differences. We conducted an observational, population-based study in the EpiChron Cohort (Aragón, Spain). The population was stratified by sex and into three age sub-populations (80-89, 90-99, and ≥100 years), and their characteristics were described and compared. Multimorbidity was the rule in our elders, affecting up to 3 in 4 centenarians and 9 in 10 octogenarians and nonagenarians. Polypharmacy was also observed in half of the centenarian population and in most of the younger elders. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (i.e., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes), cerebrovascular disease and dementia were amongst the most common chronic conditions in all age groups, whereas the gastroprotective drugs and antithrombotic agents were the most dispensed drugs. Centenarians presented in general lower morbidity and treatment burden and lower use of both primary and hospital healthcare services than octogenarians and nonagenarians, suggesting a better health status. Sex-differences in their clinical characteristics were more striking in octogenarians and tended to decrease with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Clerencia-Sierra
- Aragon Health Service (SALUD), EpiChron Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.G.-R.); (M.A.-P.-S.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | | | - Beatriz Poblador-Plou
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisca González-Rubio
- Aragon Health Service (SALUD), EpiChron Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.G.-R.); (M.A.-P.-S.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Mercedes Aza-Pascual-Salcedo
- Aragon Health Service (SALUD), EpiChron Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.G.-R.); (M.A.-P.-S.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
| | - Mónica Machón
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, Grupo de Atención Primaria, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud Kronikgune, 48902 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Antonio Gimeno-Miguel
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-765-500
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28222 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.-P.); (M.M.); (A.P.-T.)
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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James JE. Generational lifespan convergence and the longevity revolution: Are people truly living longer? Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13185. [PMID: 31747466 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack E James
- Deparetment of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland
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8
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Takeuchi T, Kitamura Y, Sado J, Hattori S, Kanemura Y, Naito Y, Nakajima K, Okuwaki T, Nakata K, Kawahara T, Sobue T. Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes: 1952-2017 cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000653. [PMID: 32206340 PMCID: PMC7078660 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate mortality among Japanese Olympic athletes compared with the general population and also evaluate their mortality based on total number of Olympics participation and intensity of sports disciplines. Methods Information on biography, vital status, date of birth, date of death and latest follow-up date on Japanese Olympians was retrieved from six online databases and compared. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was estimated according to observation periods and years from last participation in the Olympics. To further evaluate the association between mortality and total number of Olympics participation/intensity of sports disciplines within the study population, rate ratios (RRs) adjusted by sex, observation period and attained age group were estimated by a Poisson regression model. Results A total of 3381 Olympians were included in the analysis. The total person years was 94 076.82. The deaths of 153 (4.53%) Olympians were confirmed, and the overall SMR was 0.29 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.34). SMRs categorised by years from last participation did not differ significantly. Higher mortality was observed among those who participated in the Olympics twice (RR: 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.23) and three times or more (RR: 1.87; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.25) compared with those who participated just once. Compared with combination of low static and low dynamic intensity category, higher mortality was observed in most combinations of middle-intensity or high-intensity categories. Conclusion Japanese Olympians lived longer than the general population. More frequent participation in the Olympics and higher intensity of sports disciplines were associated with higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Takeuchi
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junya Sado
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kanemura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Naito
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
- Japanese Olympic Committee, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Okuwaki
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
- Japanese Olympic Committee, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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9
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Antero J, Saulière G, Marck A, Toussaint JF. A Medal in the Olympics Runs in the Family: A Cohort Study of Performance Heritability in the Games History. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1313. [PMID: 30283357 PMCID: PMC6157334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Elite performance in sports is known to be influenced by heritable components, but the magnitude of such an influence has never been quantified. Hypothesis/Objectives: We hypothesized that having a former world-class champion in the family increases the chances of an athlete to repeat the achievement of her or his kinship. We aimed to measure the heritability of a medal in the Olympic Games (OG) among Olympians and to estimate the percentage of the genetic contribution to such a heritance. Study Design: Twin-family study of a retrospective cohort. Methods: All the 125,051 worldwide athletes that have participated in the OG between 1896 and 2012 were included. The expected probability to win a medal in the OG was defined as the frequency of medallists among Olympians without any blood kinship in the OG. This expected probability was compared with the probability to win a medal for Olympians having a kinship (grandparent, aunt/uncle, parent, or siblings) with a former Olympian that was a (1) non-medallist or (2) medallist. The heritability of the genetically determined phenotype (h2) was assessed by probandwise concordance rates among dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (n = 90). Results: The expected probability to win a medal in the OG was 20.4%. No significant difference of medal probability was found in the subgroups of Olympians with a Non-medallist kinship, except among siblings for whom this probability was lower: 13.3% (95% CI 11.2–14.8). The medal probability was significantly greater among Olympians having a kinship with a former Olympic Medallist: 44.4% for niece/nephew (33.7–54.2); 43.4% for offspring (37.4–48.6); 64.8% for siblings (61.2–68.8); 75.5% for DZ twins (63.3–86.6); and 85.7% for MZ twins (63.6–96.9); with significantly greater concordance between MZ than DZ (p = 0.01) and h2 estimated at 20.5%. Conclusion: Having a kinship with a former Olympic medallist is associated with a greater probability for an Olympian to also become a medallist, the closer an athlete is genetically to such kinship the greater this probability. Once in the OG, the genetic contribution to win a medal is estimated to be 20.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Saulière
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France.,EA 7329, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique, Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Marck A, Antero J, Berthelot G, Johnson S, Sedeaud A, Leroy A, Marc A, Spedding M, Di Meglio JM, Toussaint JF. Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:591-599. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris
| | - Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Geoffroy Berthelot
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Stacey Johnson
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Arthur Leroy
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Andy Marc
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
| | | | - Jean-Marc Di Meglio
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d’Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l’Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris
- Centre d’Investigations en Médecine du Sport (CIMS), Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Marck A, Antero J, Berthelot G, Saulière G, Jancovici JM, Masson-Delmotte V, Boeuf G, Spedding M, Le Bourg É, Toussaint JF. Are We Reaching the Limits of Homo sapiens? Front Physiol 2017; 8:812. [PMID: 29123486 PMCID: PMC5662890 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Echoing scientific and industrial progress, the Twentieth century was an unprecedented period of improvement for human capabilities and performances, with a significant increase in lifespan, adult height, and maximal physiological performance. Analyses of historical data show a major slow down occurring in the most recent years. This triggered large and passionate debates in the academic scene within multiple disciplines; as such an observation could be interpreted as our upper biological limits. Such a new phase of human history may be related to structural and functional limits determined by long term evolutionary constraints, and the interaction between complex systems and their environment. In this interdisciplinary approach, we call into question the validity of subsequent forecasts and projections through innovative and related biomarkers such as sport, lifespan, and height indicators. We set a theoretical framework based on biological and environmental relevance rather than using a typical single-variable forecasting approach. As demonstrated within the article, these new views will have major social, economical, and political implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES) EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 Université Paris Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES) EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Berthelot
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES) EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Group Adaptation and Prospective, High Council of Public Health, Paris, France.,Research Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Studies, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Saulière
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES) EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Masson-Delmotte
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Boeuf
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Éric Le Bourg
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES) EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Group Adaptation and Prospective, High Council of Public Health, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigations en Médecine du Sport (CIMS), Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Radonić V, Kozmar D, Počanić D, Jerkić H, Bohaček I, Letilović T. Mortality and causes of death among Croatian male Olympic medalists. Croat Med J 2017; 58:263-269. [PMID: 28857519 PMCID: PMC5577651 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the overall and disease-specific mortality of Croatian male athletes who won one or more Olympic medals representing Yugoslavia from 1948 to 1988 or Croatia from 1992 to 2016, and the general Croatian male population standardized by age and time period. Methods All 233 Croatian male Olympic medalists were included in the study. Information on life duration and cause of death for the Olympic medalists who died before January 1, 2017, was acquired from their families and acquaintances. We asked the families and acquaintances to present medical documentation for the deceased. Data about the overall and disease-specific mortality of the Croatian male population standardized by age and time period were obtained from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Overall and disease-specific standard mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the mortality rates of athletes and general population. Results Among 233 Olympic medalists, 57 died before the study endpoint. The main causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (33.3%), neoplasms (26.3%), and external causes (17.6%). The overall mortality of the Olympic medalists was significantly lower than that of general population (SMR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.94, P = 0.013). Regarding specific causes of death, athletes’ mortality from cardiovascular diseases was significantly reduced (SMR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38-0.93, P = 0.021). Conclusions Croatian male Olympic medalists benefit from lower overall and cardiovascular mortality rates in comparison to the general Croatian male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Radonić
- Vedran Radonić, Institute for Emergency Medicine Sisak and Moslavina County, Ulica 1. svibnja 20, 44000 Sisak, Croatia,
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Rafi MA, Alavi A. Debate on human aging and lifespan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:135-137. [PMID: 29159140 PMCID: PMC5684504 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The issue of human lifespan has long been a matter of controversy among scientists. In spite of the recent claim by Dong et al that human lifespan is limited to 115 years, with the mounting improvements in biotechnology and scientific understanding of aging, we may be confident that aging will slow down over the course of the current century extending human longevity much longer than 115 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Rafi
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvanian, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Hughes BG, Hekimi S. Many possible maximum lifespan trajectories. Nature 2017; 546:E8-E9. [PMID: 28658230 DOI: 10.1038/nature22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan G Hughes
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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Gellert P, von Berenberg P, Oedekoven M, Klemt M, Zwillich C, Hörter S, Kuhlmey A, Dräger D. Centenarians Differ in Their Comorbidity Trends During The 6 Years Before Death Compared to Individuals Who Died in Their 80s or 90s. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:1357-1362. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra von Berenberg
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Oedekoven
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Klemt
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Zwillich
- Institute for Health Care Research of the Knappschaft, Knappschaft, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Hörter
- Institute for Health Care Research of the Knappschaft, Knappschaft, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Dräger
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Antero-Jacquemin J, Rey G, Marc A, Dor F, Haïda A, Marck A, Berthelot G, Calmat A, Latouche A, Toussaint JF. Mortality in female and male French Olympians: a 1948-2013 cohort study. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:1505-12. [PMID: 25813868 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515574691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas intense physical activity has been associated with deleterious effects on elite athletes' health, in particular due to cardiovascular anomalies, long-term follow-ups have suggested lower mortality rates among elite athletes. Causes of death for French Olympic athletes and female elite athletes have not been studied. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to measure overall and disease-specific mortality of French female and male Olympians compared with the French general population. We hypothesize that Olympians, both women and men, have lower mortality rates. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS French elite athletes (601 women and 1802 men) participating in summer or winter Olympic Games from 1948 to 2010 had their vital status verified by national sources and were followed until 2013. Causes of death were obtained via the National Death registry from 1968 to 2012. Overall and disease-specific mortalities of Olympians were compared with those of the French general population through standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% CIs. Olympians' observed and expected survivals were illustrated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS At the endpoint of the study, 13 women and 222 men had died. Overall mortality in Olympians compared with that of their compatriots was 51% lower (SMR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.85) among women and 49% lower (SMR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.45-0.59) among men. Olympic athletes' survival is significantly superior to that of the French general population (women, P = .03; men, P < .001). According to the total deaths occurring from 1968 to 2012 (12 among women, 202 among men), female Olympians died from neoplasm (50.0%), external causes (33.3%), and cardiovascular diseases (16.6%). The main causes of death among men were related to neoplasms (36.1%), cardiovascular diseases (24.3%), and external causes (14.4%). Regarding the main causes of mortality among male Olympic athletes, the SMRs were as follows: 0.55 for neoplasms (95% CI, 0.43-0.69), 0.55 for cardiovascular diseases (95% CI, 0.41-0.73), and 0.66 for external causes (95% CI, 0.44-0.94). CONCLUSION French Olympians live longer than their compatriots: A lower overall mortality of similar magnitude is observed among male and female athletes compared with the general population. The main causes of death in French Olympians are neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and external causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Antero-Jacquemin
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Rey
- INSERM, Centre for Epidemiology on Medical Causes of Death (CépiDc), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Andy Marc
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Dor
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Amal Haïda
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Berthelot
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alain Calmat
- Comité National Olympique Sportif Français (CNOSF), Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France Centre d'investigations en médécine du sport (CIMS), Paris, France
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