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Allard C, Miralpeix C, López-Gambero AJ, Cota D. mTORC1 in energy expenditure: consequences for obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:239-251. [PMID: 38225400 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (sometimes referred to as the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; mTORC1) orchestrates cellular metabolism in response to environmental energy availability. As a result, at the organismal level, mTORC1 signalling regulates the intake, storage and use of energy by acting as a hub for the actions of nutrients and hormones, such as leptin and insulin, in different cell types. It is therefore unsurprising that deregulated mTORC1 signalling is associated with obesity. Strategies that increase energy expenditure offer therapeutic promise for the treatment of obesity. Here we review current evidence illustrating the critical role of mTORC1 signalling in the regulation of energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis through its various effects in neuronal circuits, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Understanding how mTORC1 signalling in one organ and cell type affects responses in other organs and cell types could be key to developing better, safer treatments targeting this pathway in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Onyekweli CC, Ben-Azu B, Oyovwi OM, Nwangwa EK, Ovuakporaye IS, Moke GE, Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E, Onome BO, Emojevwe V, Rotu AR. Epigallocatechin-gallate attenuates rapamycin exacerbated high fat diet-induced autophagy, hormonal dysregulation, testicular and brain oxidative stress, and neurochemical changes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114340. [PMID: 38097001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) could counteract the detrimental effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats exposed to rapamycin-induced reproductive and neuronal changes. Six rats per treatment group (n = 6) were utilized, in which groups 1 and 2 had dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (0.1%) and EGCG (80 mg/kg) respectively. Group 3 received HFD + 0.1% DMSO daily for 56 days. Group 4 received HFD + rapamycin (1 mg/kg) orally for 56 days. Rats in group 5 received HFD for 56 days and EGCG (80 mg/kg, p.o.) from days 29-56. Group 6 received the combination of HFD + rapamycin (56 days) with EGCG (80 mg/kg) from days 29-56. Cognitive loss was assessed using Y-maze-test (YMT). Afterwards, serum sex hormones, insulin-glucose balance, serotonin concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, sperm features, antioxidants, and the markers of oxido-nitrergic, autophagy and apoptotic mediators were assessed. EGCG reversed rapamycin exacerbated HFD-induced alterations in spermatogenesis, insulin-glucose balance, reproductive hormones, oxido-nitrergic stress, and altered serotonin, acetylcholinesterase levels, and autophagic and apoptotic activities in rats' testes and brains respectively. EGCG significantly attenuated HFD-induced cognitive loss. The study showed that EGCG attenuated rapamycin-mediated HFD-induced spermatogenesis deficiency and cognitive impairment via normalization of reproductive hormones, testicular and brain oxidative stress, apoptotic, autophagic activities, with serotonin and cholinergic levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Charles Onyekweli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - O Mega Oyovwi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - E Kingsley Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - I Simon Ovuakporaye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ejime Agbonifo-Chijiokwu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - B Oghenetega Onome
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Emojevwe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - A Rume Rotu
- Department of Physiology, University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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3
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Rosiek V, Kos-Kudła B. Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3517. [PMID: 37444627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the possible connection between circulating adipokines and PanNENs are limited. This novel study aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and their ratio in patients with PanNENs and to evaluate the possible relationship between them and PanNEN's grade or stage, including the presence of metastases. The study group consisted of PanNENs (n = 83), and healthy controls (n = 39). Leptin and adiponectin measurement by an ELISA assay was undertaken in the entire cohort. The serum concentration of adiponectin was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin and adiponectin was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Anincreased leptin-adiponectin ratio was observed in well-differentiated PanNENs (G1) vs. moderatelydifferentiated PanNENs (G2) (p < 0.05). An increased leptin-adiponectin ratio was found in PanNENs with Ki-67 < 3% vs. Ki-67 ≥ 3% (p < 0.05). PanNENs with distal disease presented lower leptin levels (p < 0.001) and a decreased leptin-adiponectin ratio (p < 0.01) compared with the localized disease group. Leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for PanNENs. Leptin levels and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may play an important role as predictors of malignancy and metastasis in PanNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Malczewska-Herman
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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4
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Shaw BI, Lee HJ, Ettenger R, Grimm P, Reed EF, Sarwal M, Stempora L, Warshaw B, Zhao C, Martinez OM, MacIver NJ, Kirk AD, Chambers ET. Malnutrition and immune cell subsets in children undergoing kidney transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14371. [PMID: 35938682 PMCID: PMC9669171 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition, including obesity and undernutrition, among children is increasing in prevalence and is common among children on renal replacement therapy. The effect of malnutrition on the pre-transplant immune system and how the pediatric immune system responds to the insult of both immunosuppression and allotransplantation is unknown. We examined the relationship of nutritional status with post-transplant outcomes and characterized the peripheral immune cell phenotypes of children from the Immune Development of Pediatric Transplant (IMPACT) study. METHODS Ninety-eight patients from the IMPACT study were classified as having obesity, undernutrition, or normal nutrition-based pre-transplant measurements. Incidence of infectious and alloimmune outcomes at 1-year post-transplantation was compared between nutritional groups using Gray's test and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards model. Event-free survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups. Differences in immune cell subsets between nutritional groups over time were determined using generalized estimating equations accounting for the correlation between repeated measurements. RESULTS We did not observe that nutritional status was associated with infectious or alloimmune events or event-free survival post-transplant. We demonstrated that children with obesity had distinct T-and B-cell signatures relative to those with undernutrition and normal nutrition, even when controlling for immunosuppression. Children with obesity had a lower frequency of CD8 Tnaive cells 9-month post-transplant (p < .001), a higher frequency of CD4 CD57 + PD1- T cells, and lower frequencies of CD57-PD1+ CD8 and CD57-PD1- CD8 T cells at 12-month transplant (p < .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Children with obesity have distinct immunophenotypes that may influence the tailoring of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I Shaw
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hui-Jie Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC United States
| | - Robert Ettenger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul Grimm
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Minnie Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Linda Stempora
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Barry Warshaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Congwen Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC United States
| | - Olivia M Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, CA, United States
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5
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Kuo WW, Baskaran R, Lin JY, Day CH, Lin YM, Ho TJ, Chen RJ, Lin MY, Padma VV, Huang CY. Low-dose rapamycin prevents Ang-II-induced toxicity in Leydig cells and testicular dysfunction in hypertensive SHR model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23128. [PMID: 35698875 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic cardiovascular disease reported among both men and women. Hypertension in males affects the testis and reproduction function; however, the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Rapamycin has been reported to have a variety of beneficial pharmacological effects; however, high-doses rapamycin does have side effects such as immunosuppression. The present study investigates whether low-dose rapamycin can reduce the damage caused by hypertension to the testis of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and further examines molecular mechanism of low-dose rapamycin in preventing testicular toxicity induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Low rapamycin dose restores the testicle size, histological alterations, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) expression, and prevents apoptosis in SHR rats. Ang II downregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression through AT1R, p-ERK, and MAS receptor in LC-540 Leydig cells in a dose-dependent manner. Low doses of rapamycin effectively upregulate steroidogenic enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-HSD expression in Leydig cells. Rapamycin upregulates ACE2 expression through p-PKAc and p-PI3k in Ang II-treated cells. Further, rapamycin curbs mitochondrial superoxide generation and depleted mitochondrial membrane potential induced by Ang II through activation of Nrf2-mediated Gpx4 and superoxide dismutase 2 expression. Our results revealed the involvement of ACE2, AT1R, AT2R, PKAc, and oxidative stress in Ang-II-induced testicular toxicity, suggesting low-dose rapamycin could be a potential therapeutic candidate to attenuate testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Min Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Lin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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6
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Hagan M, Shenkar R, Srinath A, Romanos SG, Stadnik A, Kahn ML, Marchuk DA, Girard R, Awad IA. Rapamycin in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: What Doses to Test in Mice and Humans. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:266-277. [PMID: 35592432 PMCID: PMC9112291 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are hemorrhagic neurovascular lesions that affect more than 1 million people in the United States. Rapamycin inhibits CCM development and bleeding in murine models. The appropriate dosage to modify disease phenotype remains unknown. Current approved indications by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and clinicaltrials.gov were queried for rapamycin human dosing for various indications. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed to investigate mouse dosimetry of rapamycin. In humans, low daily doses of <2 mg/day or trough level targets <15 ng/mL were typically used for benign indications akin to CCM disease, with relatively low complication rates. Higher oral doses in humans, used for organ rejection, result in higher complication rates. Oral dosing in mice, between 2 and 4 mg/kg/day, achieved blood trough levels in the 5-15 ng/mL range, a concentration likely to be targeted in human studies to treat CCM. Preclinical studies are needed utilizing dosing strategies which achieve blood levels corresponding to likely human dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Hagan
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sharbel G. Romanos
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Agnieszka Stadnik
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mark L. Kahn
- Department
of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Issam A. Awad
- Neurovascular
Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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7
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Faghfouri AH, Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Faghfuri E, Alivand M. PPAR-gamma agonists: Potential modulators of autophagy in obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174562. [PMID: 34655597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of some obesity related health problems. As obesity is a nutrient sufficiency condition, autophagy process can be altered in obesity through AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as the main modulator of adipogenesis process can be effective in the regulation of obesity related phenotypes. As well, it has been revealed that PPAR-gamma and its agonists can regulate autophagy in different normal or cancer cells. However, their effects on autophagy modulation in obesity have been investigated in the limited number of studies. In the current comprehensive mechanistic review, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of PPAR-gamma on the process of autophagy in obesity through narrating the effects of PPAR-gamma on autophagy in the non-obesity conditions. Moreover, mode of action of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy related implications comprehensively reviewed in the various studies. Understanding the different effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy in obesity can help to develop a new approach to management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang S. The Role of Rapamycin in Healthspan Extension via the Delay of Organ Aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101376. [PMID: 34089901 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging can not only shorten a healthy lifespan, but can also lead to multi-organ dysfunction and failure. Anti-aging is a complex and worldwide conundrum for eliminating the various pathologies of senility. The past decade has seen great progress in the understanding of the aging-associated signaling pathways and their application for developing anti-aging approaches. Currently, some drugs can improve quality of life. The activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the core and detrimental mechanisms related to aging; rapamycin can reduce the rate of aging, improve age-related diseases by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, and prolong lifespan and healthspan effectively. However, the current evidence for rapamycin in lifespan extension and organ aging is fragmented and scattered. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and safety of rapamycin in prolonging a healthy lifespan by systematically alleviating aging in multiple organ systems, i.e., the nervous, urinary, digestive, circulatory, motor, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary and immune systems, to provide a theoretical basis for the future clinical application of rapamycin in anti-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Glover ME, Cohen JL, Singer JR, Sabbagh MN, Rainville JR, Hyland MT, Morrow CD, Weaver CT, Hodes GE, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Examining the Role of Microbiota in Emotional Behavior: Antibiotic Treatment Exacerbates Anxiety in High Anxiety-Prone Male Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 459:179-197. [PMID: 33540050 PMCID: PMC7965353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota are essential for healthy gastrointestinal function and also broadly influence brain function and behavior, in part, through changes in immune function. Gastrointestinal disorders are highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders, although biological mechanisms linking these disorders are poorly understood. The present study utilized rats bred for distinct emotional behavior phenotypes to examine relationships between emotionality, the microbiome, and immune markers. Prior work showed that Low Novelty Responder (LR) rats exhibit high levels of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors as well as myriad neurobiological differences compared to High Novelty Responders (HRs). Here, we hypothesized that the divergent HR/LR phenotypes are accompanied by changes in fecal microbiome composition. We used next-generation sequencing to assess the HR/LR microbiomes and then treated adult HR/LR males with an antibiotic cocktail to test whether it altered behavior. Given known connections between the microbiome and immune system, we also analyzed circulating cytokines and metabolic factors to determine relationships between peripheral immune markers, gut microbiome components, and behavioral measures. There were no baseline HR/LR microbiome differences, and antibiotic treatment disrupted the microbiome in both HR and LR rats. Antibiotic treatment exacerbated aspects of HR/LR behavior, increasing LRs' already high levels of anxiety-like behavior while reducing passive stress coping in both strains. Our results highlight the importance of an individual's phenotype to their response to antibiotics, contributing to the understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbes, immune function, and an individual's emotional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - J L Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J R Singer
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M N Sabbagh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J R Rainville
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M T Hyland
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G E Hodes
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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10
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Gruenbaum BF, Sandhu MRS, Bertasi RAO, Bertasi TGO, Schonwald A, Kurup A, Gruenbaum SE, Freedman IG, Funaro MC, Blumenfeld H, Sanacora G. Absence seizures and their relationship to depression and anxiety: Evidence for bidirectionality. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1041-1056. [PMID: 33751566 PMCID: PMC8443164 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Absence seizures (AS), presenting as short losses of consciousness with staring spells, are a common manifestation of childhood epilepsy that is associated with behavioral, emotional, and social impairments. It has also been suggested that patients with AS are more likely to suffer from mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes human and animal models that investigated mood disorders and AS. Of the 1019 scientific publications identified, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. We found that patients with AS had greater odds of developing depression and anxiety when compared to controls (odds ratio = 4.93, 95% confidence interval = 2.91-8.35, p < .01). The included studies further suggest a strong correlation between AS and depression and anxiety in the form of a bidirectional relationship. The current literature emphasizes that these conditions likely share underlying mechanisms, such as genetic predisposition, neurophysiology, and anatomical pathways. Further research will clarify this relationship and ensure more effective treatment for AS and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mani Ratnesh S Sandhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raphael A O Bertasi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tais G O Bertasi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Antonia Schonwald
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anirudh Kurup
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaun E Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Isaac G Freedman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melissa C Funaro
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Martin B, Maudsley S. High-dimensionality Data Analysis of Pharmacological Systems Associated with Complex Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:191-217. [PMID: 31843941 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that molecular reductionist views of highly complex human physiologic activity, e.g., the aging process, as well as therapeutic drug efficacy are largely oversimplifications. Currently some of the most effective appreciation of biologic disease and drug response complexity is achieved using high-dimensionality (H-D) data streams from transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, or epigenomic pipelines. Multiple H-D data sets are now common and freely accessible for complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Over the last decade our ability to interrogate these high-dimensionality data streams has been profoundly enhanced through the development and implementation of highly effective bioinformatic platforms. Employing these computational approaches to understand the complexity of age-related diseases provides a facile mechanism to then synergize this pathologic appreciation with a similar level of understanding of therapeutic-mediated signaling. For informative pathology and drug-based analytics that are able to generate meaningful therapeutic insight across diverse data streams, novel informatics processes such as latent semantic indexing and topological data analyses will likely be important. Elucidation of H-D molecular disease signatures from diverse data streams will likely generate and refine new therapeutic strategies that will be designed with a cognizance of a realistic appreciation of the complexity of human age-related disease and drug effects. We contend that informatic platforms should be synergistic with more advanced chemical/drug and phenotypic cellular/tissue-based analytical predictive models to assist in either de novo drug prioritization or effective repurposing for the intervention of aging-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All diseases, as well as pharmacological mechanisms, are far more complex than previously thought a decade ago. With the advent of commonplace access to technologies that produce large volumes of high-dimensionality data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), it is now imperative that effective tools to appreciate this highly nuanced data are developed. Being able to appreciate the subtleties of high-dimensionality data will allow molecular pharmacologists to develop the most effective multidimensional therapeutics with effectively engineered efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:403-417. [PMID: 32095833 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the underlying mechanisms of adipose inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and critically describes their role in diabetic kidney disease. This in-depth understanding of adipose inflammation and its impact on diabetic kidney disease highlights the need for novel interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Lin H, Wang T, Ruan Y, Liu K, Li H, Wang S, Li M, Liu J. Rapamycin Supplementation May Ameliorate Erectile Function in Rats With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Corporal Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2019; 15:1246-1259. [PMID: 30224017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED), which is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), seriously affects quality of life. Previous studies on the treatment of DM-induced ED (DMED) involve autophagy, but the specific effect and mechanism of treatment are not yet clear. AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, in ameliorating DMED. METHODS 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were used in the experiment. 8 rats were randomly selected as the control group; the other rats were treated with streptozotocin to induce type 1 DM. After 10 weeks, an apomorphine test was used to confirm DMED. Rats with DMED were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin or vehicle for 3 weeks. Rats in the control group were injected with saline. Erectile function in rats was measured by electrically stimulating the cavernous nerve. The penises were then harvested for histologic examinations, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein levels of related factors by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Erectile function was evaluated by maximum intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure. Penile tissues were used to perform histologic examinations and to determine the RNA and protein levels. RESULTS Erectile function, which was impaired in rats with DMED, was significantly ameliorated in the DMED + rapamycin group. The nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway was inhibited in the DMED group, and rapamycin significantly reduced this inhibition. The DMED group showed increased autophagy and apoptosis level compared with the non-diabetic group, and rapamycin increased the autophagy level and decreased the apoptosis level in the penis. Penile fibrosis was more severe in the DMED group than in the control group and was partially but significantly improved in the DMED + rapamycin group compared with the DMED group. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were activated, and the mTOR (regulatory associated protein of mTOR, complex 1 [raptor])/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway was inhibited in the DMED group. Compared with DMED group, rapamycin led to lower AMPK/mTOR and AKT/mTOR pathways expression, a higher degree of mTOR (raptor)/p70S6K pathway inhibition, and no change in the mTORC2-related pathway. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Rapamycin was effective in restoring erectile function in type 1 DMED models. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS This study suggested for the first time that rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, is effective in restoring erectile function in rats with diabetes. However, the rat model might not represent the human condition. CONCLUSION Rapamycin improved erectile function in rats with DMED, likely by promoting autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis and fibrotic activity, and ameliorating endothelial function. These findings provide evidence of a potential treatment option for DMED. Lin H, Wang T, Ruan Y, et al. Rapamycin supplementation may ameliorate erectile function in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, and corporal fibrosis. J Sex Med 2018;15:1246-1259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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14
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Local and systemic effects of aging on acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2019; 19:638-645. [PMID: 31204259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Objectives: Evaluation of the local and systemic effects of aging on the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in an experimental rat model in elderly animals. METHODS AP was induced in Wistar rats by intraductal 2.5% taurocholate injection and divided into two groups: Young (3 month old) and Aged (18 month old). Two and 24 h after AP induction blood samples were collected for determinations of amylase, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, glucose, and of plasma I-FABP. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were determined in serum and ascitic fluid. Liver mitochondrial function and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, pancreas histological analysis, and pulmonar myeloperoxidade (MPO) activity were performed. Bacterial translocation was evaluated by bacterial cultures of pancreas. RESULTS A significant increase in serum amylase, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, glucose, I-FABP, and IL-6 levels, and a reduction in serum and ascitic fluid TNF-α levels were observed in the aged group compared to the young group. Liver mitochondrial dysfunction, MDA contents, and pulmonary MPO activity were increased in the Aged AP group compared to the Young AP group. Positive bacterial cultures obtained from pancreas tissue in aged group were significantly increased compared to the young group. Acinar necrosis was also increased in aged AP group when compared to young AP group. CONCLUSION Aging worsens the course of acute pancreatitis evidenced by increased local and systemic lesions and increased bacterial translocation.
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15
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Singh AK, Singh S, Tripathi VK, Bissoyi A, Garg G, Rizvi SI. Rapamycin Confers Neuroprotection Against Aging-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegeneration in Old Rats Through Activation of Autophagy. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:60-70. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, , India
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, , India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, , India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, , India
| | - Geetika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, , India
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16
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Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
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Deng ZJ, Liu RX, Li AR, Guo JW, Zeng QP. How Do Structurally Distinct Compounds Exert Functionally Identical Effects in Combating Obesity? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29467658 PMCID: PMC5808319 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of inflammatory obesity remains to be widely accepted, a plethora of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, mitochondrial uncouplers, and other structurally distinct compounds with unknown mechanisms have been demonstrated to exert functionally identical effects on weight reduction. Here we summarize a universal mechanism in which weight loss is modulated by mitochondrial biogenesis, which is correlated with conversion from the mitochondria-insufficient white adipose tissue to the mitochondria-abundant brown adipose tissue. This mechanistic description of inflammatory obesity may prove useful in the future for guiding pathology-based drug discovery for weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Deng
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Liu
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - A-Rong Li
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wen Guo
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ping Zeng
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Toklu HZ, Bruce EB, Sakarya Y, Carter CS, Morgan D, Matheny MK, Kirichenko N, Scarpace PJ, Tümer N. Anorexic response to rapamycin does not appear to involve a central mechanism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:802-7. [PMID: 27232670 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors have previously demonstrated that a low and intermittent peripheral dose of rapamycin (1 mg/kg three times/week) to rats inhibited mTORC1 signalling, but avoided the hyperlipidemia and diabetes-like syndrome associated with higher doses of rapamycin. The dosing regimen reduced food intake, body weight, adiposity, serum leptin and triglycerides. mTORC1 signalling was inhibited in both liver and hypothalamus, suggesting some of the actions, in particular the decrease in food intake, may be the results of a central mechanism. To test this hypothesis, rapamycin (30 μg/day for 4 weeks) was infused into 23-25-month-old F344xBN rats by intracerebroventricular (icv) mini pumps. Our results demonstrated that central infusion did not alter food intake or body weight, although there was a tendency for a decrease in body weight towards the end of the study. mTORC1 signalling, evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of S6 protein at end of 4 weeks, was not activated in liver, hypothalamus or hindbrain. Fat and lean mass, sum of white adipose tissues, brown adipose tissue, serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels remained unchanged. Thus, these data suggest that the anorexic and body weight responses evident with peripheral rapamycin are not the result of direct central action. The tendency for decreased body weight towards the end of study, suggests that there is either a slow transport of centrally administered rapamycin into the periphery, or that there is delayed action of rapamycin at sites in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Z Toklu
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erin B Bruce
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael K Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Diet-induced obesity impairs spermatogenesis: a potential role for autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43475. [PMID: 28276438 PMCID: PMC5343591 DOI: 10.1038/srep43475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a crucial role in maintaining a series of cellular functions. It has been found that autophagy is closely involved in the physiological process of spermatogenesis and the regulation of sperm survival and motility. However, the role of autophagy in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced impaired spermatogenesis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of autophagy in HFD-induced spermatogenesis deficiency and employed chloroquine (CQ) to inhibit autophagy and rapamycin (RAP) to induce autophagy. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and CQ were administered via intratesticular injection in vivo. The effects of CQ and 3-MA on the parameters of spermatozoa co-cultured with palmitic acid (PA) in vitro were also investigated. Human semen samples from obese, subfertile male patients were also collected to examine the level of autophagy. The results suggested that HFD mice subjected to CQ showed improved spermatogenesis. Inhibiting autophagy with CQ improved the decreased fertility of HFD male mice. Moreover, the in vivo and in vitro results indicated that both CQ and 3-MA could suppress the pathological changes in spermatozoa caused by HFD or PA treatment. Additionally, the excessive activation of autophagy was also observed in sperm samples from obese, subfertile male patients.
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20
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López-Lluch G. Mitochondrial activity and dynamics changes regarding metabolism in ageing and obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hosoi T, Suyama Y, Kayano T, Ozawa K. Flurbiprofen Ameliorates Glucose Deprivation-Induced Leptin Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:354. [PMID: 27746736 PMCID: PMC5042967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin resistance is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. The present study showed that glucose deprivation inhibited leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in neuronal cells. Flurbiprofen reversed glucose deprivation-mediated attenuation of STAT3, but not STAT5 activation, in leptin-treated cells. Glucose deprivation increased C/EBP-homologous protein and glucose regulated protein 78 induction, indicating the activation of unfolded protein responses (UPR). Flurbiprofen did not affect the glucose deprivation-induced activation of UPR, but did attenuate the glucose deprivation-mediated induction of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Flurbiprofen may ameliorate glucose deprivation-induced leptin resistance in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hosoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Suyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kayano
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
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Arriola Apelo SI, Lamming DW. Rapamycin: An InhibiTOR of Aging Emerges From the Soil of Easter Island. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:841-9. [PMID: 27208895 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a macrolide immunosuppressant that inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase and extends lifespan in model organisms including mice. Although rapamycin is an FDA-approved drug for select indications, a diverse set of negative side effects may preclude its wide-scale deployment as an antiaging therapy. mTOR forms two different protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2; the former is acutely sensitive to rapamycin whereas the latter is only chronically sensitive to rapamycin in vivo. Over the past decade, it has become clear that although genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan and delays aging, inhibition of mTORC2 has negative effects on mammalian health and longevity and is responsible for many of the negative side effects of rapamycin. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and physiological effects of rapamycin treatment, and we discuss how the use of alternative rapamycin treatment regimens or rapamycin analogs has the potential to mitigate the deleterious side effects of rapamycin treatment by more specifically targeting mTORC1. Although the side effects of rapamycin are still of significant concern, rapid progress is being made in realizing the revolutionary potential of rapamycin-based therapies for the treatment of diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Fan Y, Gan Y, Shen Y, Cai X, Song Y, Zhao F, Yao M, Gu J, Tu H. Leptin signaling enhances cell invasion and promotes the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer via increasing MMP-13 production. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16120-34. [PMID: 25948792 PMCID: PMC4599260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that leptin, an adipokine related to energy homeostasis, plays a role in cancer growth and metastasis. However, its impact on pancreatic cancer is rarely studied. In this study, we found that leptin's functional receptor Ob-Rb was expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Treatment with leptin enhanced the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells but did not affect the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells. Leptin up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The overexpression of leptin was shown to significantly promote tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in a subcutaneous model and an orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer, respectively. Furthermore, in human pancreatic cancer tissues, the expression of Ob-Rb was positively correlated with the MMP-13 level. The increased expression of either Ob-Rb or MMP-13 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and tended to be associated with the TNM stage in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our findings suggest that leptin enhances the invasion of pancreatic cancer through the increase in MMP-13 production, and targeting the leptin/MMP-13 axis could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Esophageal adenocarcinoma and obesity: peritumoral adipose tissue plays a role in lymph node invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11203-15. [PMID: 25857300 PMCID: PMC4484450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with cancer risk in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Adipose tissue directly stimulates tumor progression independently from body mass index (BMI), but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of peritumoral and distal adipose tissue of 60 patients with EAC, to investigate whether depot-specific differences affect tumor behavior. We observed that increased adipocyte size (a hallmark of obesity) was directly associated with leptin expression, angiogenesis (CD31) and lymphangiogenesis (podoplanin); however, these parameters were associated with nodal metastasis only in peritumoral but not distal adipose tissue of patients. We treated OE33 cells with conditioned media (CM) collected from cultured biopsies of adipose tissue and we observed increased mRNA levels of leptin and adiponectin receptors, as well as two key regulator genes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin. This effect was greater in cells treated with CM from peritumoral adipose tissue of patients with nodal metastasis and was partially blunted by a leptin antagonist. Therefore, peritumoral adipose tissue may exert a direct effect on the progression of EAC by secreting depot-specific paracrine factors, and leptin is a key player in this crosstalk.
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Carter CS, Khamiss D, Matheny M, Toklu HZ, Kirichenko N, Strehler KYE, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ, Morgan D. Rapamycin Versus Intermittent Feeding: Dissociable Effects on Physiological and Behavioral Outcomes When Initiated Early and Late in Life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:866-75. [PMID: 25617380 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, has been shown to increase mammalian life span; less is known concerning its effect on healthspan. The primary aim of this study was to examine rapamycin's role in the alteration of several physiological and behavioral outcomes compared with the healthspan-inducing effects of intermittent feeding (IF), another life-span-enhancing intervention. Male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats (6 and 25 months of age) were treated with rapamycin or IF for 5 weeks. IF and rapamycin reduced food consumption and body weight. Rapamycin increased relative lean mass and decreased fat mass. IF failed to alter fat mass but lowered relative lean mass. Behaviorally, rapamycin resulted in high activity levels in old animals, IF increased levels of "anxiety" for both ages, and grip strength was not significantly altered by either treatment. Rapamycin, not IF, decreased circulating leptin in older animals to the level of young animals. Glucose levels were unchanged with age or treatment. Hypothalamic AMPK and pAMPK levels decreased in both older treated groups. This pattern of results suggests that rapamycin has more selective and healthspan-inducing effects when initiated late in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | | | | | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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