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Enina E, Kondratyeva E, Zinchenko R, Starinova M, Vodovozova E, Ledeneva L, Kashirskaya N, Gorinova Y, Voronkova A, Krasovskyi S, Amelina E, Kirichenko N. P010 Genotype features in patients with cystic fibrosis in the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bruce EB, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Toklu HZ, Sumners C, Morgan D, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ, Carter CS. ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate reduces adiposity but preserves lean mass in young and old rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:133-140. [PMID: 30006298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is multi-generational and is particularly debilitating in the aging population, necessitating the use of pharmaceutical interventions. Recent evidence suggests that increasing the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 [ACE2]/angiotensin-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor (MasR) axis in obese animal models leads to significant reductions in body weight. It was hypothesized that activation of ACE2 via diminazene aceturate (DIZE) will significantly reduce body weight of rats fed a high fat diet. Young and old (4 and 23 months, respectively) male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats were fed 60% high fat diet for one week, and subsequently given either 15 mg/kg/day DIZE s.c. or vehicle for three weeks. DIZE treatment resulted in a significant reduction of food intake and body weight in both young and old animals. However, that decrease was so dramatic in the older animals that they all nearly stopped eating. Interestingly, the TD-NMR assessments revealed that the weight-loss was primarily a result of decreased body fat percentage, with a relative preservation of lean mass. Tissue weights confirm the significant loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), with no change in muscle weights. Gene expression and serum ACE2 activity analyses implied that increased activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis plays a role in reducing fat mass. Collectively, our results suggest that DIZE may be a useful tool in the study of obesity; however, caution is recommended when using this compound in older animals due to severe anorectic effects, although there is a mechanism by which muscle is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Bruce
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Toklu HZ, Yang Z, Oktay S, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Matheny MK, Muller-Delp J, Strang K, Scarpace PJ, Wang KK, Tümer N. Overpressure blast injury-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in rat frontal cortex and cerebellum. Behav Brain Res 2018; 340:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Toklu HZ, Bruce EB, Sakarya Y, Carter CS, Morgan D, Matheny MK, Kirichenko N, Scarpace PJ, Tümer N. Anorexic response to rapamycin does not appear to involve a central mechanism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:802-7. [PMID: 27232670 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors have previously demonstrated that a low and intermittent peripheral dose of rapamycin (1 mg/kg three times/week) to rats inhibited mTORC1 signalling, but avoided the hyperlipidemia and diabetes-like syndrome associated with higher doses of rapamycin. The dosing regimen reduced food intake, body weight, adiposity, serum leptin and triglycerides. mTORC1 signalling was inhibited in both liver and hypothalamus, suggesting some of the actions, in particular the decrease in food intake, may be the results of a central mechanism. To test this hypothesis, rapamycin (30 μg/day for 4 weeks) was infused into 23-25-month-old F344xBN rats by intracerebroventricular (icv) mini pumps. Our results demonstrated that central infusion did not alter food intake or body weight, although there was a tendency for a decrease in body weight towards the end of the study. mTORC1 signalling, evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of S6 protein at end of 4 weeks, was not activated in liver, hypothalamus or hindbrain. Fat and lean mass, sum of white adipose tissues, brown adipose tissue, serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels remained unchanged. Thus, these data suggest that the anorexic and body weight responses evident with peripheral rapamycin are not the result of direct central action. The tendency for decreased body weight towards the end of study, suggests that there is either a slow transport of centrally administered rapamycin into the periphery, or that there is delayed action of rapamycin at sites in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Z Toklu
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erin B Bruce
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael K Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Basgut B, Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Woods M, Erdos B, Scarpace PJ, Tümer N. Effect of High-Salt Diet on Age-Related High Blood Pressure and Hypothalamic Redox Signaling. Pharmacology 2017; 100:105-114. [DOI: 10.1159/000472259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high salt (HS) diet on age-related changes in blood pressure (BP) and the possible role played by regulatory central mechanisms. Methods: Young (5 months) and old (27 months) male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats were fed standard chow or 8% HS diet for 12 days. BP and heart rate (HR) were measured by telemetry. Results: Mean arterial BP (MAP) was significantly elevated in old rats during the day and night when compared with young animals. The HS diet further elevated MAP in both age groups, and the increase was more pronounced in the old animals, while HR was not altered by age or HS diet. In addition, cardiovascular responses to restraint stress were diminished in the old when compared with the young and were unchanged with HS diet in either age group. Both age and the HS diet elevated the adrenomedullary mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, an indicator for sympathoexcitation. HS diet enhanced intracerebroventricular angiotensin II (AngII)-induced BP and HR elevations in both age groups. AngII type 1 receptor mRNA increased significantly in the hypothalamus with age and HS diet. Furthermore, hypothalamic p22phox mRNA and gp91phox protein, subunits of NADPH oxidase, as well as NADPH oxidase activity increased with the HS diet in the old animals, whereas antioxidant enzymes that decreased with age yet remained unaltered with the HS diet. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that sensitivity of BP to HS diet increases with age, and that central AngII-induced pressor responses are diminished in old rats compared with the young both under control conditions and during HS diet treatment. These changes are paralleled by increases in the expression and NADPH oxidase activity in the hypothalamus, possibly leading to central oxidative stress-mediated sympathoexcitation and high BP.
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Côté I, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Morgan D, Carter CS, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ. Activation of the central melanocortin system chronically reduces body mass without the necessity of long-term caloric restriction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:206-214. [PMID: 28051332 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanotan II (MTII) is a potent appetite suppressor that rapidly reduces body mass. Given the rapid loss of anorexic response upon chronic MTII treatment, most investigations have focused on the initial physiological adaptations. However, other evidence supports MTII as a long-term modulator of energy balance that remains to be established. Therefore, we examined the chronic effects of MTII on energy homeostasis. MTII (high or low dose) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was infused into the lateral ventricle of the brain of 6-month-old F344BN rats (6-7/group) over 40 days. MTII suppressed appetite in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Although food intake promptly rose back to control level, body mass was persistently reduced in both MTII groups (P < 0.01). At day 40, both MTII groups displayed lower adiposity than the aCSF animals (P < 0.01). These results show that MTII chronically reduces body mass without the requirement of long-term caloric restriction. Our study proposes that food restriction helps initiate mass loss; however, combined with a secondary pharmacological approach preserving a negative energy balance state over time may help combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Côté
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Sakarya
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,b Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N Kirichenko
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,b Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Morgan
- c Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C S Carter
- d Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N Tümer
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,b Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P J Scarpace
- a Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Toklu HZ, Scarpace PJ, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Matheny M, Bruce EB, Carter CS, Morgan D, Tümer N. Intracerebroventricular tempol administration in older rats reduces oxidative stress in the hypothalamus but does not change STAT3 signalling or SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:59-67. [PMID: 28006433 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are believed to be mechanisms that contribute to obesity. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (tempol), a free radical scavenger, has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that brain infusion of tempol would reduce oxidative stress, and thus would reduce food intake and body weight and improve body composition in rats with age-related obesity and known elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, we predicted an associated increase in markers of leptin signalling, including the silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)/5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. For this purpose, osmotic minipumps were placed in the intracerebroventricular region of young (3 months) and aged (23 months) male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats for the continuous infusion of tempol or vehicle for 2 weeks. Tempol significantly decreased (p < 0.01) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in the hypothalamus but failed to reduce food intake or weight gain and did not alter body composition. SIRT1 activity and Acetyl p53 were decreased and phosphorylation of AMPK was increased with age, but they were unchanged with tempol. Basal phosphorylation of STAT3 was unchanged with age or tempol. These results indicate that tempol decreases oxidative stress but fails to alter feeding behaviour, body weight, or body composition. Moreover, tempol does not modulate the SIRT1/AMPK/p53 pathway and does not change leptin signalling. Thus, a reduction in hypothalamic oxidative stress is not sufficient to reverse age-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Z Toklu
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Matheny
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erin B Bruce
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- c Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Drake Morgan
- d Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nihal Tümer
- a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Whidden MA, Basgut B, Kirichenko N, Erdos B, Tümer N. Altered potassium ATP channel signaling in mesenteric arteries of old high salt-fed rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:58-64. [PMID: 27508155 PMCID: PMC4977904 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.06.20.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Both aging and the consumption of a high salt diet are associated with clear changes in the vascular system that can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease; however the mechanisms are not clearly understood. Therefore, we examined whether aging and the consumption of excess salt alters the function of potassium ATP-dependent channel signaling in mesenteric arteries [Methods] Young (7 months) and old (29 months) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats were fed a control or a high salt diet (8% NaCl) for 12 days and mesenteric arteries were utilized for vascular reactivity measurements. [Results] Acetylcholine-induced endothelium relaxation was significantly reduced in old arteries (81 ± 4%) when compared with young arteries (92 ± 2%). Pretreatment with the potassium-ATP channel blocker glibenclamide reduced relaxation to acetylcholine in young arteries but did not alter dilation in old arteries. On a high salt diet, endothelium dilation to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in old salt arteries (60 ± 3%) when compared with old control arteries (81 ± 4%). Glibenclamide reduced acetylcholine-induced dilation in young salt arteries but had no effect on old salt arteries. Dilation to cromakalim, a potassium-ATP channel opener, was reduced in old salt arteries when compared with old control arteries. [Conclusion] These findings demonstrate that aging impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries. Furthermore, a high salt diet alters the function of potassium-ATP-dependent channel signaling in old isolated mesenteric arteries and affects the mediation of relaxation stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Whidden
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester USA
| | - Bilgen Basgut
- Department of Pharmacology, Near East University, Northern Cyprus Turkey
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center GainesvilleUSA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, GainesvilleUSA
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington USA
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center GainesvilleUSA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, GainesvilleUSA
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Gocmez SS, Scarpace PJ, Whidden MA, Erdos B, Kirichenko N, Sakarya Y, Utkan T, Tumer N. Age Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation is improved by resveratrol in rat mesenteric arteries. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:41-8. [PMID: 27298812 PMCID: PMC4899900 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To determine whether resveratrol improves the adverse effects age on vascular function in mesenteric arteries (MAs), and diminishes the hyperactivity in adrenal gland with age. [Methods] Male F344 x Brown Norway rats were assigned to 6-month control (YC), 6-month resveratrol (YR), 24-month control (OC) and 24-month resveratrol (OR). Resveratrol (15 mg/kg) was provided to resveratrol groups in drinking water for 14 days. [Results] Concentration response curves to phenylephrine (PE, 10-9-10-5M), acetylcholine (Ach, 10-9-10-5M) and resveratrol (10-8-10-4M) were evaluated in pressurized isolated MAs. The Ach concentration-response curve was right shifted with maximal response diminished in OC compared with YC rats. These effects were reversed by resveratrol treatment. The resveratrol-mediated relaxant responses were unchanged with age or resveratrol suggesting an endothelium-independent mechanism. Resveratrol tended to increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase; caused no effect on copper-zinc superoxide dismutase; and normalized the age-related elevatation in DβH and NPY levels in adrenal medulla, two indicators of sympathetic activity [Conclusion] These data indicate that resveratrol reverses age-related dysfunction in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in MAs and partially reverses hyperactivity of adrenomedullary function with age. This treatment may have a therapeuticpotential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semil S Gocmez
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41380 Turkey
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 United States
| | - Melissa A Whidden
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383 United States
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 United States
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/ South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608United States; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610United States
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/ South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608United States; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610United States
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41380 Turkey
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, North Florida/ South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608United States; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610United States
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Toklu HZ, Muller-Delp J, Sakaraya Y, Oktay S, Kirichenko N, Matheny M, Carter CS, Morgan D, Strehler KYE, Tumer N, Scarpace PJ. High dietary fructose does not exacerbate the detrimental consequences of high fat diet on basilar artery function. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:205-216. [PMID: 27226180 PMCID: PMC5572808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of a high fat (HF) diet alone or with high fructose (HF/F) on functional and structural changes in the basilar arteries and cardiovascular health parameters in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either a HF (30%) or HF/F (30/40%) diet for 12 weeks. The basilar artery was cannulated in a pressurized system (90 cm H2O) and vascular responses to KCl (30 - 120 mM), endothelin (10(-11) - 10(-7) M), acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-10) - 10(-4) M), diethylamine (DEA)-NONO-ate (10(-10) - 10(-4) M), and papaverine (10(-10) - 10(-4) M) were evaluated. Rats were also monitored for food intake, body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate. At death, asymmetrical dimethyl arginine level (ADMA) and leptin were assayed in serum. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake, HF and HF/F diets increased body fat composition and decreased the lean mass. HF/F diet accelerated the development of dyslipidemia. Although resting blood pressure remained unchanged, stress caused a significant elevation in blood pressure and a modest increase in heart rate in HF fed rats. Both HF and HF/F diet resulted in decreased response to endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation, whereas increased basilar artery wall thickness was observed only in HF group. Serum leptin levels positively correlated with wall thickness. Moreover serum ADMA was increased and eNOS immunofluorescence was significantly decreased with both diets. These data suggest that the presence of high fructose in a HF diet does not exacerbate the detrimental consequences of a HF diet on basilar artery function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Y Sakaraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Oktay
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Kirichenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Y E Strehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N Tumer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Strehler KYE, Matheny M, Kirichenko N, Sakarya Y, Bruce E, Toklu HZ, Carter CS, Morgan D, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ. Onset of leptin resistance shows temporal differences related to dose or pulsed treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 779:177-85. [PMID: 27012992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptin administration results in leptin resistance presenting a significant barrier to therapeutic use of leptin. Consequently, we examined two hypotheses. The first examined the relationship between leptin dose and development of physiological and biochemical signs of leptin resistance. We hypothesized lower doses of leptin would produce proportional reductions in body weight without the adverse leptin-induced leptin resistance. The second compared pulsed central leptin infusion to continuous leptin infusion. We hypothesized that pulsed infusion at specific times of the day would evoke favorable body weight reductions while tempering the development of leptin-induced leptin resistance. The first experiment examined leptin responsiveness, including food intake, body weight and hypothalamic STAT3 phosphorylation to increasing doses of viral gene delivery of leptin. Varying the dose proved inconsequential with respect to long-term therapy and demonstrated proportional development of leptin resistance. The second experiment examined leptin responsiveness to pulsed central leptin infusion, comparing pulsed versus constant infusion of 3μg/day leptin or a 2h morning versus a 2h evening pulsed leptin infusion. Pulsed delivery of the supramaximal dose of 3μg/day was not different than constant delivery. Morning pulsed infusion of the submaximal dose of 0.25μg reduces food intake only over subsequent immediate meal period and was associated with body weight reductions, but results in cellular leptin resistance. Evening pulsed infusion did not decrease food intake but reduces body weight and maintains full leptin signaling. The positive benefit for pulsed delivery remains speculative, yet potentially may provide an alternative mode of leptin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y E Strehler
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michael Matheny
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Erin Bruce
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hale Zerrin Toklu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Christy S Carter
- Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Drake Morgan
- Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197, United States
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Fadieieva A, Prystupa L, Pogorelova O, Kirichenko N, Dudchenko I. [ROLE OF SLC2A9 AND ABCG2 GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN ORIGIN OF HYPERURICEMIA AND GOUT]. Georgian Med News 2016:79-83. [PMID: 27119840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphisms V253I, Q126X, Q141K of SLC2A9 and ABCG2 genes were characterized. GCA и GTC haplotypes of Q126X and Q141K variants can be predictors of gout. The relationship of these polymorphisms with hyperuricaemia according to gender, metabolic syndrome components, with the response to allopurinol was analyzed. It has been established that Q141K polymorphism can directly modulate BCRP-mediated allopurinol and oxypurinol efflux, the K allele is associated with a lower reduction in serum uric acid in response to allopurinol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fadieieva
- Sumy State University, Medical institute, Internal Medicine Department Postgraduate Course, Sumy, Ukraine The article provides modern information about influence of the most common SLC2A9 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms. These genes encode urate transporters (BCRP and GLUT9) that`s why associated with uric acid level and gout
| | - L Prystupa
- Sumy State University, Medical institute, Internal Medicine Department Postgraduate Course, Sumy, Ukraine The article provides modern information about influence of the most common SLC2A9 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms. These genes encode urate transporters (BCRP and GLUT9) that`s why associated with uric acid level and gout
| | - O Pogorelova
- Sumy State University, Medical institute, Internal Medicine Department Postgraduate Course, Sumy, Ukraine The article provides modern information about influence of the most common SLC2A9 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms. These genes encode urate transporters (BCRP and GLUT9) that`s why associated with uric acid level and gout
| | - N Kirichenko
- Sumy State University, Medical institute, Internal Medicine Department Postgraduate Course, Sumy, Ukraine The article provides modern information about influence of the most common SLC2A9 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms. These genes encode urate transporters (BCRP and GLUT9) that`s why associated with uric acid level and gout
| | - I Dudchenko
- Sumy State University, Medical institute, Internal Medicine Department Postgraduate Course, Sumy, Ukraine The article provides modern information about influence of the most common SLC2A9 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms. These genes encode urate transporters (BCRP and GLUT9) that`s why associated with uric acid level and gout
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Bruce E, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N, Toklu HZ, Morgan D, Tumer N, Carter CS, Scarpace PJ. Abstract P105: ACE2 Activator, Diminazene Aceturate, Reduces Adiposity, but Preserves Lean Mass in Young and Old Rats. Hypertension 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is severely debilitating, and increases the risk for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence suggests increased Ang-(1-7)/Mas activity in obese animal models leads to significant reductions in body weight. We hypothesize that activation of ACE2, via Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), will significantly reduce body weight of both young and aged rats fed 60% high fat diet.
Male Fisher 344 x Brown Norway rats, ages 4 (n=12) and 23 months (n=17) were fed 60% high fat diet for one week, whereupon, animals were further divided, and given either 15mg/kg/day DIZE s.c. (Young DIZE, n=6; Old DIZE, n=9) or vehicle (Young Control, n=6; Old Control, n=8). Body weight and food intake were measured throughout the experiment. Time Domain-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) was used to assess body composition 1 week and 3 weeks after the start of DIZE treatment.
DIZE treatment resulted in a significant reduction of food intake and change in body weight in both young and old animals. TD-NMR results determined the weight-loss was primarily a result of decreased body fat percentage, with a preservation of lean mass as indicated by a reduced fat/lean mass ratio. Tissue weights at the time of sacrifice confirm the significant loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), with no significant difference in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle weights. Importantly, when assessing heart weights, we observed a significant reduction in aged rats treated with DIZE when compared to age matched controls, suggesting a prevention of cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity. Our data suggests DIZE may be a useful tool in the treatment of obesity along with associated co-morbidities.
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Tumer N, Toklu HZ, Muller-Delp J, Sakarya Y, Oktay S, Kirichenko N, Matheny M, Carter C, Morgan D, Strehler K, Scarpace PJ. Abstract 167: High Dietary Fructose Does not Exacerbate the Detrimental Consequences of a HF Diet on Basilar Artery Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong correlation between the consumption of sugar- or fructose-enriched products and obesity. Moreover, high dietary fructose without added fat and in the absence of obesity induces leptin resistance and exacerbates subsequent HF-induced obesity. Elevated leptin is associated with arterial stiffness. Thus, we hypothesized that the consequences of a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/F) diet would be more detrimental than a high-fat (HF) or chow diet on functional and structural changes in the basilar arteries. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either with chow, HF (30%) or HF/F (30%/44%) diets for 12 weeks (N=8-10/group). The basilar artery was cannulated in a pressurized system (90cm H2O) and vascular contractile responses to KCl (30-120 mM) and endothelin (10-11-10-7 M), and relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) (10-10-10-4 M), and diethylamine (DEA)-NONO-ate (10-10-10-4 M) evaluated and artery wall thickness and eNOS immunofluroescence determined. At death, leptin, blood lipids, and asymetricaldiamethyl arginine level (ADMA) were assayed in serum. Basilar artery contractility was unchanged, but both HF and HF/F diets resulted in decreased relaxation responses compared with chow to endothelium dependent (Ach logEC50: -6.48, chow; -5.65, HF; 5.79HF/F, p<0.05) and endothelium independent relaxation (DEA: -5.94;-4.45;-4.49, p<.05). Increased basilar artery wall thickness was observed only in HF group (22±1.2 vs 27±1.6μm, p<.05). Both diets increased serum ADMA levels (.36±.03 HF; .42±.05 HF/F vs .26±.02 chow, p<.05), 50% decreased eNOS immunofluorescence (arbitrary units, p<.05), and increased adipose tissue (10.7±.5 HF; 12.7±.8 HF/F vs 7.8±.3 chow, p<.05). HF/F increased triglycerides (157±32 mg/dl) and leptin (10.4±1.8ng/ml) greater than with HF (65±15; 6.6±.6) or chow diet (63±14; 4.1±.3). In conclusion, both HF diets impaired basilar artery relaxation, potentially due to decreased eNOS synthesis and increased ADMA. Although, leptin and triglycerides were greater with HF/F diet only the HF increased wall thickness. These data suggest that the presence of high fructose in a HF diet does not exacerbate the detrimental consequences of a HF diet on basilar artery function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Michael Matheny
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christy Carter
- Aging and Geriatric Rsch, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Kevin Strehler
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Bruce E, Sakarya Y, Matheny M, Kirichenko N, Toklu H, Morgan D, Tumer N, Carter C, Scarpace P. Rapamycin as a Potential Treatment for Obesity. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.818.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bruce
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Yasemin Sakarya
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Michael Matheny
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Hale Toklu
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Drake Morgan
- PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Christy Carter
- Aging and Geriatric ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Philip Scarpace
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
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Scarpace PJ, Matheny M, Strehler KYE, Toklu HZ, Kirichenko N, Carter CS, Morgan D, Tümer N. Rapamycin Normalizes Serum Leptin by Alleviating Obesity and Reducing Leptin Synthesis in Aged Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:891-9. [PMID: 25617379 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation examines whether a low intermittent dose of rapamycin will avoid the hyperlipidemia and diabetes-like syndrome associated with rapamycin while still decreasing body weight and adiposity in aged obese rats. Furthermore, we examined if the rapamycin-mediated decrease in serum leptin was a reflection of decreased adiposity, diminished leptin synthesis, or both. To these ends, rapamycin (1mg/kg) was administered three times a week to 3 and 24-month old rats. Body weight, food intake, body composition, mTORC1 signaling, markers of metabolism, as well as serum leptin levels and leptin synthesis in adipose tissue were examined and compared to that following a central infusion of rapamycin. Our data suggest that the dosing schedule of rapamycin acts on peripheral targets to inhibit mTORC1 signaling, preferentially reducing adiposity and sparing lean mass in an aged model of obesity resulting in favorable outcomes on blood triglycerides, increasing lean/fat ratio, and normalizing elevated serum leptin with age. The initial mechanism underlying the rapamycin responses appears to have a peripheral action and not central. The peripheral rapamycin responses may communicate an excessive nutrients signal to the hypothalamus that triggers an anorexic response to reduce food consumption. This coupled with potential peripheral mechanism serves to decrease adiposity and synthesis of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Michael Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kevin Y E Strehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hale Zerrin Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Carter CS, Khamiss D, Matheny M, Toklu HZ, Kirichenko N, Strehler KYE, Tümer N, Scarpace PJ, Morgan D. Rapamycin Versus Intermittent Feeding: Dissociable Effects on Physiological and Behavioral Outcomes When Initiated Early and Late in Life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:866-75. [PMID: 25617380 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, has been shown to increase mammalian life span; less is known concerning its effect on healthspan. The primary aim of this study was to examine rapamycin's role in the alteration of several physiological and behavioral outcomes compared with the healthspan-inducing effects of intermittent feeding (IF), another life-span-enhancing intervention. Male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats (6 and 25 months of age) were treated with rapamycin or IF for 5 weeks. IF and rapamycin reduced food consumption and body weight. Rapamycin increased relative lean mass and decreased fat mass. IF failed to alter fat mass but lowered relative lean mass. Behaviorally, rapamycin resulted in high activity levels in old animals, IF increased levels of "anxiety" for both ages, and grip strength was not significantly altered by either treatment. Rapamycin, not IF, decreased circulating leptin in older animals to the level of young animals. Glucose levels were unchanged with age or treatment. Hypothalamic AMPK and pAMPK levels decreased in both older treated groups. This pattern of results suggests that rapamycin has more selective and healthspan-inducing effects when initiated late in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | | | | | - Nihal Tümer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Drake Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Kochueva M, Sukhonos V, Shalimova A, Psareva V, Kirichenko N. State of integral remodeling parameters of target organs in patients with essential hypertension and obesity. Georgian Med News 2014:26-30. [PMID: 25020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension combined with obesity is a very common form of comorbid disease in most countries all over the world. The combination of these diseases is characterized by mutual burdening of remodelling processes in important target organs, what greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and death. The mechanisms of injury progression to vital organs in essential hypertension (EH) and obesity have some common features. The most important risk factors of target organs damage are hemodynamic and neurohumoral: inflammatory, effectors of the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system, insulin resistance and others. Polyethiologic remodelling, lack of knowledge concerning violations in structural and functional status of important target organs and mechanisms of the interactions of their progression with this comorbidity require further study of these issues. The objective of the study was the comparative study of the state of integral indicators of structural and functional state of the heart, blood vessels and liver in patients with EH second stage with normal body weight and with concomitant obesity I and II degrees. This study found that the presence of obesity I and II in patients with EH stage II is associated with the concentric type of left ventricular hypertrophy, saved by its ejection fraction and impaired diastolic filling processes. For the patients with EH in the early stages of obesity the following characteristics are quite typical: considerable increase of intima media thickness in the carotid arteries, increasing the stiffness in the main arteries and liver parenchyma, impaired of the functional state of endothelial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kochueva
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Sumy Outpatient hospital №3; Sumy State University, Ukraine
| | - V Sukhonos
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Sumy Outpatient hospital №3; Sumy State University, Ukraine
| | - A Shalimova
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Sumy Outpatient hospital №3; Sumy State University, Ukraine
| | - V Psareva
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Sumy Outpatient hospital №3; Sumy State University, Ukraine
| | - N Kirichenko
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Sumy Outpatient hospital №3; Sumy State University, Ukraine
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Toklu HZ, Kwon OS, Sakarya Y, Powers SK, Llinas K, Kirichenko N, Sollanek KJ, Wiggs MP, Smuder AJ, Talbert EE, Scarpace PJ, Tümer N. The effects of enalapril and losartan on mechanical ventilation–induced sympathoadrenal activation and oxidative stress in rats. J Surg Res 2014; 188:510-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kobeissy F, Mondello S, Tümer N, Toklu HZ, Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Zhang Z, Prima V, Yassin W, Anagli J, Chandra N, Svetlov S, Wang KKW. Assessing neuro-systemic & behavioral components in the pathophysiology of blast-related brain injury. Front Neurol 2013; 4:186. [PMID: 24312074 PMCID: PMC3836009 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the U.S. military personnel, blast injury is among the leading causes of brain injury. During the past decade, it has become apparent that even blast injury as a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may lead to multiple different adverse outcomes, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms and long-term cognitive disability. Blast injury is characterized by blast overpressure, blast duration, and blast impulse. While the blast injuries of a victim close to the explosion will be severe, majority of victims are usually at a distance leading to milder form described as mild blast TBI (mbTBI). A major feature of mbTBI is its complex manifestation occurring in concert at different organ levels involving systemic, cerebral, neuronal, and neuropsychiatric responses; some of which are shared with other forms of brain trauma such as acute brain injury and other neuropsychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. The pathophysiology of blast injury exposure involves complex cascades of chronic psychological stress, autonomic dysfunction, and neuro/systemic inflammation. These factors render blast injury as an arduous challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment as well as identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers distinguishing mTBI from other non-TBI pathologies and from neuropsychiatric disorders with similar symptoms. This is due to the “distinct” but shared and partially identified biochemical pathways and neuro-histopathological changes that might be linked to behavioral deficits observed. Taken together, this article aims to provide an overview of the current status of the cellular and pathological mechanisms involved in blast overpressure injury and argues for the urgent need to identify potential biomarkers that can hint at the different mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Neuroproteomics & Biomarker Research, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut , Lebanon
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Tümer N, Svetlov S, Whidden M, Kirichenko N, Prima V, Erdos B, Sherman A, Kobeissy F, Yezierski R, Scarpace PJ, Vierck C, Wang KKW. Overpressure blast-wave induced brain injury elevates oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and catecholamine biosynthesis in the rat adrenal medulla. Neurosci Lett 2013; 544:62-7. [PMID: 23570732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Explosive overpressure brain injury (OBI) impacts the lives of both military and civilian population. We hypothesize that a single exposure to OBI results in increased hypothalamic expression of oxidative stress and activation of the sympatho-adrenal medullary axis. Since a key component of blast-induced organ injury is the primary overpressure wave, we assessed selective biochemical markers of autonomic function and oxidative stress in male Sprague Dawley rats subjected to head-directed overpressure insult. Rats were subjected to single head-directed OBI with a 358kPa peak overpressure at the target. Control rats were exposed to just noise signal being placed at ~2m distance from the shock tube nozzle. Sympathetic nervous system activation of the adrenal medullae (AM) was evaluated at 6h following blast injury by assessing the expression of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) along with plasma norepinephrine (NE). TH, DβH and NPY expression increased 20%, 25%, and 91% respectively, following OBI (P<0.05). Plasma NE was also significantly elevated by 23% (P<0.05) following OBI. OBI significantly elevated TH (49%, P<0.05) in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brain stem while AT1 receptor expression and NADPH oxidase activity, a marker of oxidative stress, was elevated in the hypothalamus following OBI. Collectively, the increased levels of TH, DβH and NPY expression in the rat AM, elevated TH in NTS along with increased plasma NE suggest that single OBI exposure results in increased sympathoexcitation. The mechanism may involve the elevated AT1 receptor expression and NADPH oxidase levels in the hypothalamus. Taken together, such effects may be important factors contributing to pathology of brain injury and autonomic dysfunction associated with the clinical profile of patients following OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Tümer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Dutta D, Xu J, Leeuwenburgh C, Tumer N. Caloric restriction and resveratrol attenuate doxorubicin‐induced vascular dysfunction in old rat mesenteric arteries. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1195.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Veteran Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Jinze Xu
- Aging and GeriatricsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Nihal Tumer
- Veteran Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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Scarpace PJ, Matheny M, Kirichenko N, Gao YX, Tümer N, Zhang Y. Leptin overexpression in VTA trans-activates the hypothalamus whereas prolonged leptin action in either region cross-desensitizes. Neuropharmacology 2013; 65:90-100. [PMID: 22982569 PMCID: PMC3521099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-fat feeding or CNS leptin overexpression in chow-fed rats results in a region-specific cellular leptin resistance in medial basal hypothalamic regions and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The present investigation examined the effects of targeted chronic leptin overexpression in the VTA as compared with the medial basal hypothalamus on long-term body weight homeostasis. The study also examined if this targeted intervention conserves regional leptin sensitivity or results in localized leptin resistance. Cellular leptin resistance was assessed by leptin-stimulated phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Tyrosine hydroxylase was measured in hypothalamus and VTA along with brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1. Leptin overexpression in VTA tempered HF-induced obesity, but to a slightly lesser extent than that with leptin overexpression in the hypothalamus. Moreover, the overexpression of leptin in the VTA stimulated cellular STAT3 phosphorylation in several regions of the medial basal hypothalamus, whereas verexpression in the hypothalamus did not activate STAT3 signaling in the VTA. This unidirectional trans-stimulation did not appear to involve migration of either the vector or the gene product. Long-term leptin overexpression in either the medial basal hypothalamus or VTA caused desensitization of leptin signaling in the treated region and cross-desensitization of leptin signaling in the untreated region. These results demonstrate a role of leptin receptors in the VTA in long-term body weight regulation, but the trans-activation of the hypothalamus following VTA leptin stimulation suggests that an integrative response involving both brain regions may account for the observed physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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25
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Tümer N, Svetlov S, Kirichenko N, Whidden M, Erdos B, Prima V, Sherman A, Kobeissy F, Yezierski R, Vierck CC, Wang K. Blast brain injury elevates catecholamine biosynthesis in the rat adrenal medulla. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1094.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Tümer
- VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- PharmacologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- PharmacologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa Whidden
- VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- West Chester UniversityWest ChesterPA
| | - Benedek Erdos
- VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
- PhysiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | | | - Robert Yezierski
- OrthodonticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- NeuroscienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Kevin Wang
- NeuroscienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Banyan Biomarkers IncAlachuaFL
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26
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Erdos B, Kirichenko N, Whidden M, Basgut B, Woods M, Cudykier I, Tawil R, Scarpace PJ, Tumer N. Effect of age on high-fat diet-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H164-72. [PMID: 21551274 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01289.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging and obesity both have a significant impact on central blood pressure (BP) regulation, and previous studies indicated that changes in central redox signaling with age may affect high-fat (HF) diet-induced cardiovascular responses. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 60% HF feeding on BP regulation in young adult (5 mo) and old (26 mo) Fischer-344 × Brown-Norway rats. Radiotelemetric transmitters were implanted to measure BP, heart rate (HR), locomotor activity, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. Expression and activity of NADPH oxidase and ANG II type 1 receptor were assessed in the hypothalamus and in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Old animals gained more weight on HF diet compared with young, whereas central NADPH oxidase expression and activity elevated similarly in the two age groups. After an initial hypotensive and tachycardic response during the first week of HF feeding, BP in young animals increased and became significantly elevated after 6 wk of HF feeding. In contrast, BP in old animals remained depressed. Nighttime HR and locomotor activity decreased in both young and old rats fed with HF diet, but these changes were more significant in young rats. As a result, amplitudes of circadian variation of BP, HR, and activity that were originally higher in young rats declined significantly and became similar in the two age groups. In conclusion, our experiments led to the surprising finding that HF diet has a more serious impact on cardiovascular regulation in young animals compared with old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Erdos
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Univ. of Florida, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA.
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Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Halici Z, Erdos B, Foster TC, Tümer N. Lifelong caloric restriction prevents age-induced oxidative stress in the sympathoadrenal system of Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:454-8. [PMID: 21527245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with oxidative damage and an imbalance in redox signaling in a variety of tissues, yet little is known about the extent of age-induced oxidative stress in the sympathoadrenal system. Lifelong caloric restriction has been shown to lower levels of oxidative stress and slow the aging process. Therefore, the aims of this study were twofold: (1) to investigate the effect of aging on oxidative stress in the adrenal medulla and hypothalamus and (2) determine if lifelong 40% caloric restriction (CR) reverses the adverse effects of age-induced oxidative stress in the sympathetic adrenomedullary system. Adult (18months) and very old (38months) male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats were divided into ad libitum or 40% CR groups and parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed in the adrenal medulla and the hypothalamus. A significant age-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation (+20%, P<0.05) and tyrosine nitration (+111%, P<0.001) were observed in the adrenal medulla while age resulted in a reduction in the protein expression of key antioxidant enzymes, CuZnSOD (-27%, P<0.01) and catalase (-27%, P<0.05) in the hypothalamus. Lifelong CR completely prevented the age-induced increase in lipid peroxidation in the adrenal medulla and restored the age-related decline in antioxidant enzymes in the hypothalamus. These data indicate that aging results in a significant increase in oxidative stress in the sympathoadrenal system. Importantly, lifelong CR restored the age-related changes in oxidative stress in the adrenal medulla and hypothalamus. Caloric restriction could be a potential non-pharmacological intervention to prevent increased oxidative stress in the sympathetic adrenomedullary system with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Whidden
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
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Gocmez SS, Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Erdos B, Sakarya Y, Funeus W, Jean M, Tumer N. Effects of resveratrol on age‐related changes in adrenomedullary catecholamine biosynthesis. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1075.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Selcen Gocmez
- PharmacologyNamik Kemal UniversityTekirdagTurkey
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa A. Whidden
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | - Marcus Jean
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Tumer N, Erdos B, Whidden MA, Yezierski RP, Vierck CJ, Thompson FJ, Kirichenko N, Nelson R, Bose P. Traumatic Brain Injury elevates catecholamine biosynthesis in the rat adrenal medulla. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1075.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa A. Whidden
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | - Floyd J. Thompson
- NeuroscienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | - Prodip Bose
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Whidden MA, Basgut B, Kirichenko N, Erdos B, Tumer N. Potassium ATP channel function is altered in mesenteric arteries of old high salt fed rats. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.860.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Whidden
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Bilgen Basgut
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- PharmacologyGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Basgut B, Whidden MA, Kirichenko N, Woods M, Erdos B, Tumer N. The role of central oxidative stress in age‐related, salt‐sensitive sympathoexcitation. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1075.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilgen Basgut
- PharmacologyGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa A. Whidden
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Mary Woods
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Erdos B, Basgut B, Whidden M, Kirichenko N, Tumer N. Age‐related changes in stress‐induced cardiovascular and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity responses. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.594.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Erdos
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Bilgen Basgut
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa Whidden
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Basgut B, Erdos B, Whidden M, Kirichenko N, Woods M, Tumer N. Effects of high salt diet on age‐related hypertension and central AngII‐induced cardiovascular responses. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.594.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilgen Basgut
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Department of PharmacologyGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Benedek Erdos
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Melissa Whidden
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nataliya Kirichenko
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Mary Woods
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
| | - Nihal Tumer
- Dept. of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- GRECCDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFL
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Abstract
In an operationally straightforward and efficient method, amidrazones and amidoximes are prepared in yields of 65-87% from imidoylbenzotriazoles by microwave heating for 5-20 min with the appropriate hydrazine or hydroxylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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Katritzky A, Kirichenko N, Rogovoy B, Kister J, Tao H. Synthesis of Mono- and N,N-Disubstituted Thioureas and N-Acylthioureas. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-829127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
(Benzotriazol-1-yl)carboximidamides were applied for the preparation of polysubstituted acylguanidines and guanylureas. The reaction sequence utilized mild conditions and gave high yields for final compounds and intermediates. The protocol developed allows for variation of the substituents at all positions of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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Katritzky AR, Kirichenko N, Rogovoy BV, He HY. Facile N-Derivatization of α-Amino Esters and Amides via Benzotriazolylmethyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9088-92. [PMID: 14604385 DOI: 10.1021/jo026622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-(N-substituted amino)esters were prepared in a two-step procedure from available unsubstituted alpha-amino esters. alpha-Amino esters are first converted into the corresponding N-benzotriazolylmethyl derivatives; in the second step, the benzotriazole group is substituted by various nucleophiles with or without the presence of a Lewis acid to give substituted alpha-amino esters in high overall yield under mild conditions with no signs of racemization. Boc-protected amino acids were converted into alpha-amino amides; subsequent deprotection allowed the conversion into N-substituted derivatives analogously to the alpha-amino esters, without racemization in high yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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Katritzky AR, Kirichenko N, Rogovoy BV. Efficient Conversions of Carboxylic Acids intoO-Alkyl,N-Alkyl andO,N-Dialkylhydroxamic Acids. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Wang resin linked amines were efficiently converted into amides using acylbenzotriazoles. Cleavage of resins gave the desired amides 7Aa-Gf in 30-99% yields with good to excellent purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-7200, USA.
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