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Assessment of Communication Quality through Work Authorization between Dentists and Dental Technicians in Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a clinically successful dental prosthesis requires clear and effective communication between dentists and dental technicians. Adequate completion of work authorization by dentists provides a means for increased professional quality assurance and satisfaction in dental prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of communication between dentists and dental technicians via work authorization for fixed and removable dental prosthesis in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months to assess the quality of communication between dentists and dental technicians. A well-constructed questionnaire regarding work authorization of removable and fixed prostheses was used as a tool to collect data from 453 dentists. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of the independent and dependent variables. A p value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was observed that 92.1% of the dentists leave removable partial denture design to the dental technicians. About 56.5% of the dentists indicated information about base retention of partial dentures in work authorization. The majority of the dentists (56.5%) mentioned the material to be used for the construction of casting partial dentures. Nearly 66% of the dentists indicated the design of margins, and 44.6% of the dentists did not select the shade for fixed prostheses. Nearly 43% of the dentists did not draw the design of restoration, 21.9% chose to draw the design on paper, and 32.2% of the dentists drew the design on the cast. Meanwhile, 76.8% of the participants chose to directly communicate with their dental technicians personally. Nearly 41% of the dentists were satisfied with the restoration design, and 13.5% of the participants were not satisfied with the designs. Poor communication between dentists and technicians was observed, as the majority of the design decisions were left to the dental technicians. Therefore, communication between dentists and dental technicians should be improved by conducting combined workshops for the successful construction of dental prostheses.
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Relationship of coronary heart disease and comorbide dental background. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has serious economic and social consequences that affect people, health systems and societies around the world. Ischemic heart disease is one of the main global causes of death of the population, and its growth is predicted in the coming years. This fact continues to be of serious concern to health, social and economic services. Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death, and age-standardized rates are higher for men than for women. Cardiovascular comorbidity increases significantly with age.The combination of ischemic heart disease and comorbid pathology is noted in cancer incidence, bronchial asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontal disease, etc. It is necessary to analyze the existing disease with past diseases, risk factors and predictors available in the patient. The presence of concomitant diseases quite often requires additional diagnostic methods and changes in the tactics of treating coronary heart disease due to the fact that some of them are a contraindication to the use of certain groups of drugs. Periodontal disease includes a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, which can lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Periodontal disease is associated with several systemic diseases, one of which is coronary artery disease. It is imperative that clinicians understand the link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Comprehensive treatment of periodontitis and restoration of a healthy periodontium can help reduce overall inflammation in the body and reduce the risks of coronary heart disease.
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Edomwonyi AI, Adeniyi AA, Adedigba MA, Oyapero A. Use of teachers as agents of oral health education: Intervention study among public secondary school pupils in Lagos. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2806-2813. [PMID: 32984130 PMCID: PMC7491855 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1269_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Common oral diseases are preventable and if detected early are reversible and schools provide a setting in which the oral health behavior of pupils can be influenced. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of using teachers in place of oral health professionals to deliver oral health education (OHE) in public secondary schools in Lagos State. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in four phases from September 2016-April 2017. A multistage sampling method was adopted to enlist the research participants from four enlisted schools, which were randomly assigned into two groups. Trained dentists delivered OHE in the first group of schools while trained teachers did in the second group and the impact of the intervention was assessed over six months. P values for significant differences were set at 0.05. Results: At the 3 months evaluation, the mean oral health knowledge (OHK) scores were higher among pupils in the Teachers Intervention Schools (TIS) (71.3 ± 19.3) than that in the Dentist Intervention Schools (DIS) (61.3 ± 17.7) (P = 0.023). Subsequent evaluation sessions from baseline revealed a gradual increase in the proportion of pupils with positive oral health attitude scores; with a higher proportion of pupils in the DIS (34.5%) compared to the TIS (34.0%) at 6 months assessment time. At 6 months evaluation, the proportion of pupils with poor oral health practices decreased in both groups of schools (P = 0.104). Conclusion: The proportion of pupils with good OHK was higher in the TIS at post-intervention periods; this difference was statistically significant at 3 months. This result suggests that teachers are as effective as dentists in delivering OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Adedigba
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Frequency of Complete and Removable Partial Denture Treatment in the Primary Health Centres in Three Different Regions of Kosovo from 2002 to 2013. Zdr Varst 2019; 58:104-111. [PMID: 31275437 PMCID: PMC6598391 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Edentulism and prosthodontic care are very common, especially in the elderly. The study investigated the treatment with complete dentures (CDs) and acrylic removable partial dentures (ARPDs) among people receiving new prosthodontic treatment in the Primary Health Centres of the three regions in Kosovo from 2002 to 2013. Methods The data on ARPDs delivery and CDs delivery was obtained from the archives of primary health centres from three Kosovo regions (Prizren, Peje, Ferizaj) from 2002 to 2013. The data was analysed concerning year of treatment, type of dentures, jaw, age, gender and urban or rural origin of the patients. The trend of treatment was determined, and the binomial logistic regression model was used for predicting odds of ARPD versus CD treatment by year of treatment and patient characteristics. Results From 2002 to 2013, 9,478 patients received 11,655 CDs and 4,401 ARPDs. Delivery of CDs significantly increased by 57.45 dentures per year (R2=0.609) and delivery of ARPDs by 30.39 dentures per year (R2=0.569). Each year the odds for ARPD versus CD increased by 4.2% (95% CI: 3.0%-5.4%). Younger patients have higher odds for ARPD rather than CD and odds for ARPD are decreasing as the age of patients rises. The gender, residence, and jaw all had a significant impact on prosthodontic treatment too. Conclusions In Primary Health Centres of Kosovo, there is a trend for higher frequencies of both dentures (more obvious for ARPD), and the frequency is highly dependent on the age of patients.
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Stephens R, White BA. Oral health status of adults in North Carolina assisted living facilities. J Public Health Dent 2019; 79:198-206. [PMID: 30741490 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The specific aims of this study were to describe the baseline oral health status of persons residing in North Carolina assisted living facilities and determine how identified oral health problems vary according to resident and facility demographic variables. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiologic study used a statewide random sample of 40 assisted living facilities and a convenience sample of 854 assisted living residents. Dental hygienists and dentists conducted oral screenings on residents using the Association of State and Territorial Dental Director's Basic Screening Survey for Older Adults tool. RESULTS Nearly one-third of participants were younger than 65. Overall, poorer oral health was noted for non-Hispanic black residents, Medicaid recipients, residents of small facilities (20-60 beds), and residents of facilities located in the Coastal Plains region of the state. Oral health also worsened with increasing length of residence yet seemed to improve with age. The overall rate of edentulism was 29 percent, half of whom did not have complete dentures. Nearly half (48.6 percent) of residents had untreated decay. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for policy and public health programming that addresses the broad racial and socioeconomic factors that contribute to disparities among the institutionalized. Furthermore, the oral health disparities between institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults reflect the need for policy that requires and ensures access to a minimum level of oral health care throughout the duration of a resident's stay. Programming to support such policy should include development of an oral health workforce that is competent in geriatric oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Stephens
- Oral Health Section, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Alex White
- Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Pentapati KC, Siddiq H, Yeturu SK. Global and regional estimates of the prevalence of root caries - Systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2018; 31:3-15. [PMID: 30705564 PMCID: PMC6349959 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the pooled prevalence of root caries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A keyword search was done in Scopus, Pubmed and CINAHL databases using all the synonyms of root caries in the published literature (till January 1st, 2018). The search was supplemented with standard Boolean operators and other keywords like prevalence, epidemiology in the title, abstract and MeSH terms. Data was extracted and exported to Covidence software for screening and removal of duplicates. Results The search revealed a total of 492 documents from Scopus (n = 95), Pubmed (n = 220) and CINAHL (n = 177). Random effects model was used as there was a high degree of heterogeneity was seen among the studies published (I2 = 99.62%). A total of 74 publications were included in the analysis of the pooled prevalence of root caries which yielded a prevalence of 41.5 (36.9–46.1). Conclusion Root caries is a significant problem, and four out of ten adults might be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Yeturu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Viswavidya Peetham, Kochi, India
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Tulbah H, AlHamdan E, AlQahtani A, AlShahrani A, AlShaye M. Quality of communication between dentists and dental laboratory technicians for fixed prosthodontics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2017; 29:111-116. [PMID: 28725128 PMCID: PMC5502910 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of a clinically acceptable dental prosthesis requires proper communication between the dentist and the dental technician. Prosthodontic educators have been concerned with this interaction and communication. Fixed prosthodontics laboratories revealed that the technicians are often dissatisfied with the information provided in work authorizations. Objective To evaluate the quality of communication between dentists and laboratory technicians via work authorizations for fixed prosthodontics in both governmental and private dental laboratories in Riyadh area from the technician’s perspective. Methods A sample of 66 dental laboratories, including all government dental laboratories and a selected number of randomly chosen private dental laboratories from each district of Riyadh (40%), participated in the survey. A questionnaire was developed to include questions related to the following areas of work authorization: clarity and accuracy of instructions, patient information, type of prosthesis, choice of materials, design and shade of the prosthesis and type of porcelain glaze. The questionnaire was answered in a face-to-face interview by technicians who were qualified in fixed prosthetic work. Data were analyzed through parametric tests (T-test and one-way ANOVA) to identify significant values (P < 0.05). Results This survey showed a lack of communication between dentists and dental laboratories regarding the following: marginal design, pontic design, staining diagram, type of porcelain and glaze needed for the prosthesis. Significant differences were observed between the government and private dental laboratories. There was a greater lack of communication between the dentists and government laboratory technicians in Riyadh. There was no statistically significant difference between private laboratories of different areas in Riyadh city (P < 0.05). Conclusion The quality of communication between dentists and dental technicians in Riyadh can sometimes be inadequate, and governmental laboratories have a lower level of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Tulbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman AlHamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal AlQahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma AlShahrani
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona AlShaye
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Jayachandran S, Bhandal BS, Hill KB, Walmsley AD. Maintaining dental implants – do general dental practitioners have the necessary knowledge? Br Dent J 2015; 219:25-8. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ben-Gal G, Herskowitz HD, Beyth N, Weiss EI. Teaching New Materials and Techniques for Fixed Dental Prostheses in Dental Schools in the United States and Canada: A Survey. J Prosthodont 2015; 24:598-601. [PMID: 25605572 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) remain an extensive therapeutic option, with new materials and a digital fabrication process gradually replacing traditional methods. The variety of advances calls for dental schools to expand the teaching of this field. Our aim was to examine the nature and the amount of theoretical and practical training in clinical FDP courses, and the extent to which new methods and innovations in the field are being integrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected using an online questionnaire including theoretical and practical teaching regarding clinical courses, restorative materials, and new fabrication methods, which was sent to 58 dental schools in North America. RESULTS A total of 36 schools responded to the survey for a response rate of 62.1%. All the schools teach theoretical and practical porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations, and almost all the schools teach full-metal FDPs. In more than half (57.1%) of the schools, zirconia-based FDPs are placed by students. Students place partial veneer FDPs in less than one-fifth (17.9%) of the schools. The average number of restorations required for completion of the clinical course is 7.3 FDP units. The respondents assessed that of the total FDPs placed by students in the clinical course, tooth-color coping (zirconia/alumina/porcelain) FDPs constituted 16.2%. None of the schools produce computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing copings or crowns within the school. CONCLUSIONS All North American dental schools include teaching and placement of PFM restorations in their curriculum, but only one-third teach ceramic-based crowns. The low average number of required crowns may lead to graduates not being exposed to and trained in up-to-date dental restorative materials and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Ben-Gal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hani D Herskowitz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ervin I Weiss
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Han SY, Kim CS. Does denture-wearing status in edentulous South Korean elderly persons affect their nutritional intakes? Gerodontology 2014; 33:169-76. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Han
- Research Institute for Dental Care Policy; Korean Dental Association; Seoul Korea
| | - Cheoul Sin Kim
- Research Institute for Dental Care Policy; Korean Dental Association; Seoul Korea
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Muñoz-Torres FJ, Jiménez MC, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Joshipura KJ. Associations between measures of central adiposity and periodontitis among older adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 42:170-7. [PMID: 24010953 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between measures of adiposity and periodontitis among older Puerto Rican adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 representative adults ≥70 years living in the San Juan metropolitan area. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured by trained personnel. Periodontal probing depth and attachment loss (AL) were measured by calibrated examiners. Periodontitis was classified according to the Center for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP) definitions and using tertiles of mean AL and percent of sites with AL ≥3 mm. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, smoking, education, diabetes status, physical activity, and total fruit and vegetable intake were used to model associations between WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and periodontitis. RESULTS High WC (men: ≥102 cm versus <102 cm, women: ≥88 cm versus <88 cm) compared with normal showed nonsignificant associations with severe (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 0.76-8.67), moderate periodontitis (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.65-3.60), and upper tertile of mean AL (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 0.83-6.23). Elevated WHR versus normal (men: ≥0.95 versus <0.95, women: ≥0.88 versus <0.88) was associated with moderate periodontitis (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.01-5.52) and showed a borderline significant association with the upper tertile of mean AL (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.96-6.63, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Central adiposity was associated with a greater risk of periodontitis in this population of older adults, although analyses were underpowered. These results hold important public health implications given the high prevalence of adiposity and periodontitis among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Muñoz-Torres
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, School of Dental Medicine University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Martinez-Mier EA, Zandona AF. The impact of gender on caries prevalence and risk assessment. Dent Clin North Am 2013; 57:301-315. [PMID: 23570807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries remains a common disease worldwide. There is evidence indicating that many caries risk factors provide a gender bias, placing women at a higher caries risk. Generally, dental caries disproportionally affects the poor and racial or ethnic minorities worldwide, with women suffering more from the disease. Differences in access to care as reflected by untreated caries rates also reflect gender disparities. There is a lack of evidence in regard to gender differences and dental caries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the evidence necessary to meet the oral health needs of both women and men worldwide.
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Chi DL, Tucker-Seeley R. Gender-stratified models to examine the relationship between financial hardship and self-reported oral health for older US men and women. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:1507-15. [PMID: 23327271 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between financial hardship and self-reported oral health for older men and women. METHODS We focused on adults in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (n = 1,359). The predictor variables were 4 financial hardship indicators. We used Poisson regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio of poor self-reported oral health. RESULTS In the non-gender-stratified model, number of financial hardships was not significantly associated with self-reported oral health. Food insecurity was associated with a 12% greater prevalence of poor self-reported oral health (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.21). In the gender-stratified models, women with 3 or more financial hardships had a 24% greater prevalence of poor self-reported oral health than women with zero (95% CI = 1.09, 1.40). Number of hardships was not associated with self-reported oral health for men. For men, skipping medications was associated with 50% lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health (95% CI = 0.32, 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Number of financial hardships was differentially associated with self-reported oral health for older men and women. Most financial hardship indicators affected both genders similarly. Future interventions to improve vulnerable older adults' oral health should account for gender-based heterogeneity in financial hardship experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, USA.
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DeWitte SN. Sex differences in periodontal disease in catastrophic and attritional assemblages from medieval london. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:405-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bokhari SAH, Khan AA, Ansari JA, Alam R. Tooth loss in institutionalized coronary heart disease patients of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2012; 2:51-6. [PMID: 23856398 PMCID: PMC7320361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To observe frequency and possible association of tooth loss with prevalent coronary heart disease in Pakistani population. Methodology: Angiographically determined coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan, and healthy individuals were enrolled for status of tooth loss. Results: Nine hundred and thirty six CHD patients and 595 healthy subjects with mean age of 51.9 ± 8.4 years were examined. Mean (±SD) tooth loss was significantly (P ⩽ 0.001) higher in cardiac patients (9.8 ± 9.2) than healthy subjects (6.8 ± 6.9) with odds ratio (OR) = 1.543 (95%CI = 1.985–2.851). Tooth loss was significantly (P ⩽ 0.001) associated with CHD males and females and cardiac patients with diabetes and smoking. After adjustment of age, gender, diabetes and smoking, subjects with CHD were more likely to have higher tooth loss. Conclusion: Tooth loss was significantly associated with prevalent CHD independent of classic risk factors of age, gender, smoking and diabetes in this study sample.
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Shetty S, Kohad R, Yeltiwar R, Shetty K. Gingival Blood Glucose Estimation With Reagent Test Strips: A Method to Detect Diabetes in a Periodontal Population. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1548-55. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McCreary C, Ní Ríordáin R. Oral medicine and the elderly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 38:30-2, 34-6. [PMID: 21366153 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2011.38.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A focus often exists in dental practice on the maintenance and management of the dentition and the periodontium, however, conditions of the oral mucosa and orofacial pain can cause significant problems for older patients. Oral mucosal conditions are more prevalent in older patients and many orofacial pain disorders, such as burning mouth syndrome and trigeminal neuralgia, are more common in patients over the age of 50 years. Although these conditions may not be routinely managed in general practice, identification of these patients in primary care and appropriate referral will lead to more prompt and effective treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dental practitioners need to be able to identify what is considered to be within the normal physiological limits of the ageing oral tissue and hence what is abnormal and requires further investigation to facilitate appropriate referral.
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RICE JA, LYNCH CD, McANDREW R, MILWARD PJ. Tooth preparation for rest seats for cobalt-chromium removable partial dentures completed by general dental practitioners. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 38:72-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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LYNCH CD, SINGHRAO H, ADDY LD, GILMOUR ASM. The teaching of fixed partial dentures in undergraduate dental schools in Ireland and the United Kingdom. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:908-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moeller JF, Chen H, Manski RJ. Investing in preventive dental care for the Medicare population: a preliminary analysis. Am J Public Health 2010; 100:2262-9. [PMID: 20864712 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.184747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We estimated the use of preventive dental care services by the US Medicare population, and we assessed whether money spent on preventive dental care resulted in less money being spent on expensive nonpreventive procedures. METHODS We used data from the 2002 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate a multinomial logistic model to analyze the influence of predisposing, enabling, and need variables in identifying those beneficiaries who used preventive dental care, only nonpreventive dental care, or no dental care in a multiple-variable context. We used regression models with similar controls to estimate the influence of preventive care on the utilization and cost of nonpreventive dental care and all dental care. RESULTS Our analyses showed that beneficiaries who used preventive dental care had more dental visits but fewer visits for expensive nonpreventive procedures and lower dental expenses than beneficiaries who saw the dentist only for treatment of oral problems. CONCLUSIONS Adding dental coverage for preventive care to Medicare could pay off in terms of both improving the oral health of the elderly population and limiting the costs of expensive nonpreventive dental care for the dentate beneficiary population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Moeller
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Hatherell S, Lynch CD, Burke FM, Ericson D, Gilmour ASM. Attitudes of final-year dental students to bleaching of vital and non-vital teeth in Cardiff, Cork, and Malmö. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 38:263-9. [PMID: 20819136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of final-year dental students in Cardiff, Cork and Malmö towards tooth whitening. Following receipt of ethical approval, pre-piloted questionnaires were distributed to final-year dental students in Cork, Cardiff, and Malmö as close as possible to graduation. The questionnaire sought information relating to various opinions and attitudes towards the use of bleaching techniques including safety of bleaching, confidence in the provision of bleaching, recommendations to patients, teaching received, awareness of restrictions on the use of bleaching products and management of simulated clinical scenarios. Eighty three per cent (n = 116) of questionnaires were returned. Cork dental students had the most didactic teaching (2-h vital, 1-h non-vital bleaching) compared to Cardiff or Malmö students (0 h each). More Cork students regarded bleaching as safe (76%, n = 28) than Cardiff (70%, n = 32) or Malmö (36%, n = 12) students. More than 50% of Cork students feel they know enough about bleaching to provide it in practice, significantly more than Cardiff (< 25%) or Malmö (< 25%) students. The majority of students would provide vital bleaching after qualification (100% (n = 37) Cork; 82% (n = 27) Malmö; 76% (n = 35) Cardiff). In simulated clinical scenarios, more Cork students would propose bleaching treatments (89%n = 33) than Malmö (64%n = 21) or Cardiff (48%n= 22) students. Variations exist in the attitudes and approaches of three European dental schools towards bleaching. Dental students need to be best prepared to meet the needs of their future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hatherell
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University Tissue Engineering & Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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PATEL PM, LYNCH CD, SLOAN AJ, GILMOUR ASM. Treatment planning for replacing missing teeth in UK general dental practice: current trends. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:509-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Strauss SM, Wheeler AJ, Russell SL, Brodsky A, Davidson RM, Gluzman R, Li L, Malo RG, Salis B, Schoor R, Tzvetkova K. The potential use of gingival crevicular blood for measuring glucose to screen for diabetes: an examination based on characteristics of the blood collection site. J Periodontol 2009; 80:907-14. [PMID: 19485820 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined conditions under which gingival crevicular blood (GCB) could be used to obtain a useful glucose reading to screen for undiagnosed diabetes during routine dental visits. METHODS GCB and capillary finger-stick blood (CFB) glucose readings obtained with a glucometer were compared for 46 patients recruited from an urban university dental clinic. Study participants were divided into two groups based on probing depth or bleeding on probing (BOP) at the site of collection of the GCB sample. Group 1 participants had blood collected from sites with adequate BOP to obtain a sample without touching the tooth or gingival margin, whereas group 2 participants had blood collected from sites with little or no bleeding. For each group, Pearson correlations were calculated for glucose readings obtained using GCB and CFB samples, and the limits of agreement between the two samples were examined. RESULTS For group 1 participants, correlations between CFB and GCB glucose readings were high (0.89), and the limits of agreement were acceptable (-27.1 to 29.7). By contrast, for participants in group 2, correlations between the glucose readings were lower (0.78), and limits of agreement were much broader (-25.1 to 80.5). CONCLUSION GCB samples were suitable to screen for diabetes in persons with sufficient BOP to obtain a sample without touching the tooth or gingival margin (i.e., in patients having the basic clinical signs of gingivitis or periodontal disease).
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Urzúa B, Hermosilla G, Gamonal J, Morales-Bozo I, Canals M, Barahona S, Cóccola C, Cifuentes V. Yeast diversity in the oral microbiota of subjects with periodontitis: Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis colonize the periodontal pockets. Med Mycol 2009; 46:783-93. [PMID: 18608938 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The term periodontitis encompasses several polymicrobial infectious diseases, of multifactorial etiology, with chronic and aggressive forms. In spite of the etiopathogenic differences between these two forms of the disease, few studies have analyzed the subgingival colonization by yeast. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of the yeast microbiota present in the mucosa and subgingival sites of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. For this, samples were recovered from these two locations and the yeast recovered identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Patients with chronic periodontitis showed significant differences in relation to the other groups with respect to carrier status (69.2% versus 35.7% of healthy individuals; [chi(i)(2) test; p=0.014]), the total number of isolated colony forming units or CFU (mean and ranges 281.6 (0-6048) [K-W(2)=6.998; p=0.03]), the Simpson diversity index (I) in site b (I(b)=0.344 versus healthy subjet and aggresive periodontitis where I=0 [multiple t-test comparisons with the Bonferronni correction, p<0.05]), and the species profile. Interestingly, in spite of the varied profiles of the species present in the mucosa of the three groups analyzed we noted that only C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were capable of colonizing the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, while only C. albicans was identified in the subgingiva of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Urzúa
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas y Quimicas
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26
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BURKE FM, LYNCH CD, NÍ RÍORDÁIN R, HANNIGAN A. Technical quality of root canal fillings performed in a dental school and the associated retention of root-filled teeth: a clinical follow-up study over a 5-year period. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:508-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.01966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cobb CM, Williams KB, Gerkovitch MM. Is the prevalence of periodontitis in the USA in decline? Periodontol 2000 2009; 50:13-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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JENKINS SJ, LYNCH CD, SLOAN AJ, GILMOUR ASM. Quality of prescription and fabrication of single-unit crowns by general dental practitioners in Wales. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:150-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Humphrey LL, Fu R, Buckley DI, Freeman M, Helfand M. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23:2079-86. [PMID: 18807098 PMCID: PMC2596495 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is common among adults in the US and is a potential source of chronic inflammation. Recent data have suggested an important role for chronic inflammation in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). OBJECTIVE To aid the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in evaluating whether periodontal disease is an independent novel risk factor for incident CHD. METHODS Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966 through March 2008) and reviewing prior systematic reviews, reference lists, and consulting experts. Prospective cohort studies that assessed periodontal disease, Framingham risk factors, and coronary heart disease incidence in the general adult population without known CHD were reviewed and quality rated using criteria developed by the USPSTF. Meta-analysis of good and fair quality studies was conducted to determine summary estimates of the risk of CHD events associated with various categories of periodontal disease. RESULTS We identified seven articles of good or fair quality from seven cohorts. Several studies found periodontal disease to be independently associated with increased risk of CHD. Summary relative risk estimates for different categories of periodontal disease (including periodontitis, tooth loss, gingivitis, and bone loss) ranged from 1.24 (95% CI 1.01-1.51) to 1.34 (95% CI 1.10-1.63). Risk estimates were similar in subgroup analyses by gender, outcome, study quality, and method of periodontal disease assessment. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease is a risk factor or marker for CHD that is independent of traditional CHD risk factors, including socioeconomic status. Further research in this important area of public health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Humphrey
- Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
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Baran I, Nalçacı R. Self-reported denture hygiene habits and oral tissue conditions of complete denture wearers. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 49:237-241. [PMID: 18976822 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the influence of denture hygiene on the development and intensity of denture stomatitis and traumatic ulcers and their relationship to age, gender, educational level, smoking status, age of the denture, denture hygiene habits and denture-wearing behavior. The study population comprised 310 complete denture (CD) wearers (159 males and 151 females) aged 60-85 living in Kirikkale, Turkey. Denture hygiene habits were assessed and recorded, and any relationships between denture hygiene habits and the condition of oral tissue were assessed. The majority (48.4%) of participants reported cleaning their dentures with a toothbrush and toothpaste and 45.2% with a toothbrush only. Less than half (44.8%) removed their dentures overnight. Stomatitis was observed in 35.8% and traumatic ulcers in 29% of patients. A positive relationship was observed between poor denture hygiene habits and the presence of denture-related stomatitis and traumatic ulcers. The degree of denture hygiene was significantly associated with age, sex, education, general health status, smoking status, self-perception of halitosis, overnight denture removal and denture immersion habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgi Baran
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Yeni Dogan Mah, Mimar Sinan Cad, No. 25, 71100 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Rana Nalçacı
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Yeni Dogan Mah, Mimar Sinan Cad, No. 25, 71100 Kırıkkale, Turkey
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AL-AHMAR AO, LYNCH CD, LOCKE M, YOUNGSON CC. Quality of master impressions and related materials for fabrication of complete dentures in the UK1. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 35:111-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cunha-Cruz J, Nadanovsky P, Faerstein E, Lopes CS. Routine Dental Visits Are Associated with Tooth Retention in Brazilian Adults: the Pró-Saúde Study. J Public Health Dent 2007; 64:216-22. [PMID: 15562944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of routine visits for dental check-up on tooth loss. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of university employees, the Rio de Janeiro Pró-Saúde Study, tooth loss was measured as the reported number of missing teeth and routine dental visit as the reported pattern and frequency of visits to the dentist. RESULTS Data were obtained from 4,030 individuals (91% of eligible subjects). Odds ratio of excessive tooth loss ("many" or "all" teeth lost) was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.79, 2.72) for subjects who reported visiting the dentist only when in trouble and 1.17 (95% CI=0.90, 1.51) for subjects who reported visiting for routine dental checks every two years or less frequently, compared with those who reported visiting for dental checks at least annually, after controlling for age, sex, education, income, race, smoking, and diet. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive effect of routine visits for dental check-up on maintaining teeth. This effect was the same for one year and two years or longer intervals between check-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cunha-Cruz
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Adut R, Mann J, Sgan-Cohen HD. Past and Present Geographic Location as Oral Health Markers Among Older Adults. J Public Health Dent 2007; 64:240-3. [PMID: 15562948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association between oral health status of community-dwelling elderly adults visiting day health centers in Israel and geographic living location. METHODS Oral status was assessed through clinical examination, with additional data obtained using a questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, dental utilization, and perceived oral health needs. RESULTS A representative sample of 338 subjects was examined. Fifty-four percent of the sample was edentulous. Higher rates of edentulism were found among subjects living in urban areas compared to subjects living in rural areas (P<.01). More edentate subjects were found among European immigrants than among immigrants from North Africa or subjects born in Israel (P<.01). Among dentate subjects, the mean number of remaining teeth was 10.4. The mean periodontal loss of attachment was 5.8 mm. Less than 10 percent had mean attachment loss <4 mm. Among subjects living in rural areas, mean attachment loss was higher than among those living in urban areas (P=.05). The mean DF score was 1.9. Forty-seven percent had at least one tooth with untreated caries. Subjects living in urban areas tended to utilize dental services more than subjects living in rural areas (P<.01). CONCLUSION Results indicate that present (urban or rural) and past (country of origin) geographic location represented a significant oral health risk marker. The implementation of a comprehensive program for this target population was clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Adut
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Israel.
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Vilstrup L, Holm-Pedersen P, Mortensen EL, Avlund K. Dental status and dental caries in 85-year-old Danes. Gerodontology 2007; 24:3-13. [PMID: 17302925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reports findings on the dental status and the prevalence of dental caries among a group of 85-year-old Danes from the Glostrup 1914 Cohort, Denmark. The purpose of the study was to analyse whether caries experience was related to number of teeth and to indicators of functional ability and cognitive function. METHODS A total of 191 individuals (78 men and 113 women) participated in a cross-sectional population study conducted in 2000. Using mobile dental equipment, a clinical oral examination and an interview were administered to all participants in their homes. Functional ability was measured by the Mob-H scale and cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS Fifty-nine per cent of the participants had their own natural teeth and for the dentate participants, the mean number of teeth was 13 (range 1-27). A high prevalence of active caries on coronal and root surfaces was observed. Older adults with few natural teeth had a higher prevalence of active coronal and root caries and a higher unmet treatment need than older adults with many teeth. Further, the study showed that 85-year-old persons with reduced functional ability and cognitive impairment tended to have more active caries than 85-year-olds with no impairment. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of 85-year-old individuals had retained a natural dentition; however, active dental caries is a problem of concern among the most elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Vilstrup
- Copenhagen Gerontological Oral Health Research Center, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Bernhardt O, Gesch D, Look JO, Hodges JS, Schwahn C, Mack F, Kocher T. The Influence of Dynamic Occlusal Interferences on Probing Depth and Attachment Level: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). J Periodontol 2006; 77:506-16. [PMID: 16512766 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between dynamic occlusal interferences and signs of periodontal disease in posterior teeth based on dental and medical measurements obtained from a population-based sample in the cross-sectional epidemiological study entitled, "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP). METHODS Medical history and dental and sociodemographic parameters of 2,980 representatively selected dentate subjects, 20 to 79 years of age, were collected. The analysis was performed on posterior teeth only using a mixed linear model that considers the clustered structure of the data. The model also was adjusted with respect to known risk factors for periodontal disease. RESULTS The presence of non-working side contacts only was significantly related to probing depth (P<0.0001) and attachment loss (P=0.001). The presence of non-working side contacts and working side contacts on the same tooth was significantly related to increased probing depth (P=0.004) but not attachment level. The effect magnitude was a mean increase of 0.13 mm for probing depth and 0.14 mm in attachment loss. Known risk factors for periodontal disease that also showed significant associations with probing depth and attachment loss included male gender, age, smoking, education, and plaque score. Other factors significantly related to probing depth and/or attachment loss were tilted teeth, restored occlusal surfaces versus sound surfaces, elongated teeth, and tooth type (molar versus premolar). CONCLUSION The effect of non-working contacts on periodontal disease status was discernible, but weak in terms of magnitude and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Bernhardt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
This review presents a selected overview of the literature concerning risk factors for periodontitis. That in some individuals gingivitis develops into periodontitis is still a matter of extensive research. Cross-sectional studies of clinical and microbiological factors can be meaningful. Longitudinal studies of the natural history allow analysis of potential factors and conditions that may have an impact on the disease process. At present, several possible risk factors for the initiation and progression of periodontitis have been identified: age, gender, plaque, calculus, existing attachment loss. A consistent finding appears to be genetic predisposition for the development of the disease. In terms of microbiology, several micro-organisms have been identified. The results of the Java Project on natural development of Periodontal Disease clearly pinpoint Actinobacillus actinimycetemcomitans as being associated with the onset of disease. The presence of subgingival calculus was found to be associated with onset and dental plaque with progression of disease. Consistent with literature males are more susceptible to disease. The presence of pockets > or = 5 mm appear to be a useful tool, since it was found to be a prognostic factor for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Timmerman
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nussbaum BL, Kilmartin E, Grunwald Z. LETTER TO THE EDITOR. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2006; 26:6-7; author reply 7. [PMID: 16703927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2006.tb01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cohen-Mansfield J, Jensen B. The Preference and Importance of Bathing, Toileting and Mouth Care Habits in Older Persons. Gerontology 2005; 51:375-85. [PMID: 16299418 DOI: 10.1159/000088701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to describe bathing, toileting, and mouth care habits and preferences of older persons, as well as the importance of such habits. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-eight community-dwelling older persons were administered the Self-maintenance Habits And Preferences in Elderly questionnaire (SHAPE) during a one-on-one interview with a research assistant. Preferences were described by frequency distributions and mean importance for each item was calculated. Gender differences in preferences were examined using chi(2) analyses, t tests were used to compare importance levels. RESULTS Women reported spending a longer time bathing, they were more likely to have privacy while bathing, to use a washcloth, a regular size towel, and less likely to use a large towel than were men. One-third of the women reported using some type of absorbent undergarment, while no men did so. Mouth care was the category that received the highest importance ratings. Although order of importance of items was similar across genders, women assigned higher levels of importance to these items than did men. Importance ratings given to atypical habits, such as unusually long or more than 1 bath/day, were higher than those attributed to more usual habits. IMPLICATIONS Knowledge of the range and importance of such self-care practices can provide information useful in the development of programs and for individualized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
- Department of Health Care Sciences and of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Medical Center, USA.
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders encompassing destructive and nondestructive diseases of the periodontal supporting tissues of teeth. Gingivitis is a nondestructive disease ubiquitous in populations of children and adults globally. Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by severe and rapid loss of periodontal attachment often commencing at or after the circumpubertal age and is more prevalent among Latin Americans and subjects of African descent, and least common among Caucasians. Chronic periodontitis is a common disease and may occur in most age groups, but is most prevalent among adults and seniors world-wide. Approximately 48% of United States adults have chronic periodontitis, and similar or higher rates have been reported in other populations. Moderate and advanced periodontitis is more prevalent among the older age groups, and rates of 70% or more have been reported in certain populations. Chronic and aggressive periodontitis are multifactorial diseases caused primarily by dental plaque microorganisms, and with important modifying effects from other local and systemic factors. The study of the significance of demographic, environmental, and biologic variables is important for risk assessment and the control of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology, Temple University School of Dentistry, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Hung HC, Colditz G, Joshipura KJ. The association between tooth loss and the self-reported intake of selected CVD-related nutrients and foods among US women. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33:167-73. [PMID: 15853839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have reported associations between oral health and cardiovascular diseases; poor nutritional status due to impaired dentition status has been suggested as a mediator. Our objective is to evaluate the associations between tooth loss and the self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables and selected CVD-related nutrients. METHODS A total of 83,104 US women who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1990 and 1994 and reported number of natural teeth in 1992, were included in a cross-sectional analysis relating dietary intake to number of natural teeth. A longitudinal analysis was also conducted to evaluate whether tooth loss in 1990-1992 was associated with change in diet between 1990 and 1994. RESULTS After adjusting for age, total calorie intake, smoking and physical activity, edentulous women appeared to have dietary intake associated with increased risk for CVD, including significantly higher intake of saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol and vitamin B12, and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat, fiber, carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, folate, potassium, vegetables, fruits, and fruits excluding juices compared with women with 25-32 teeth. In the longitudinal analyses, women who lost more teeth were more likely to change their diet in ways that would potentially increase risk for development of CVD. They also tended to avoid hard foods, such as raw carrot, fresh apple or pear. CONCLUSIONS Women with fewer teeth have unhealthier diets such as decreased intake of fruits and vegetables, which could increase CVD risk. Diet may partially explain associations between oral health and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chia Hung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kashiwazaki H, Tei K, Takashi N, Kasahara K, Totsuka Y, Inoue N. Relationship between bite force and body mass index in the institutionalized elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2005.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
This study reports on coronal and root caries incidence in elderly Iowans between 1987 and 1998. The sample consisted of 74 survivors of the Iowa 65+ Oral Health Study cohort who received oral examinations both in 1987 and between 1996-98. The study found that average untreated coronal and root increments were 0.96 and 0.69 surfaces, filled increments were 18.22 and 1.28 surfaces, and combined increments were 18.3 and 1.27 surfaces, respectively. Therefore, annualized untreated coronal and root increments were 0.10 and 0.07 surfaces, filled were 1.80 and 0.13 surfaces, and combined increments were 1.81 and 0.12 surfaces, respectively. The annualized attack rates were 2.13 for coronal and 0.80 for root caries. Approximately 93% of the subjects developed some new coronal and 43% some new root caries increment. Dental caries still constitute a significant problem since a large proportion of the elderly developed caries during this period. This suggests a need for improved preventive and treatment strategies for this aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Al-Hadi Hamasha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Lynch CD, Lynch D, Allen PF. Quality of written prescriptions and master impressions for fixed and removable prosthodontics: a comparative study. Br Dent J 2005; 198:17-20. [PMID: 15716882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4811947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM Various ethical and legal guidelines require dental practitioners to adequately design, prescribe and fabricate good quality prostheses. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the quality of written instructions and choice of impression trays and materials for both fixed and removable prosthodontics in Ireland and the United Kingdom. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pre-piloted questionnaire was distributed to a number of large commercial laboratories geographically distributed throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. Information was sought relating to the quality of written instructions and use of impression trays and materials for three forms of 'dental precision casting' - cobalt-chromium based removable partial dentures, full veneer porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, and conventional fixed bridges. RESULTS Six hundred questionnaires were distributed, and information was received relating to 447 items of prosthodontic treatment (response rate= 75%). Ninety-five per cent of cases were privately funded. Using pre-determined grading criteria, poor or no written instructions were provided in one-half of cases examined. One-half of master impressions were made using a plastic stock tray. The technician felt that material had been appropriately disinfected prior to being sent to the laboratory in only 57% of cases. CONCLUSION The written instructions and master impressions examined in this study failed to meet the relevant ethical and legal guidelines in approximately 50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Lynch
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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45
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Kocher T, Schwahn C, Gesch D, Bernhardt O, John U, Meisel P, Baelum V. Risk determinants of periodontal disease - an analysis of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP 0). J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:59-67. [PMID: 15642060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, risk determinants were determined for periodontal disease in the representative population sample (n=3146) of the Study of Health in Pomerania. METHODS After examining the net random sample (response 69%) and exclusion of edentulous cases and those with missing values, 2595 subjects remained. Using a multivariate, fully adjusted logistic regression, different definitions of "periodontally diseased/healthy" were examined as the dependent variable (extent of attachment loss (AL> or =4 mm, combined AL and tooth loss). The independent variables used were sociodemographic factors (age, gender, income, education), medical factors (systemic diseases, drugs), behavioral factors (regular dental checkup, smoking), and oral factors (presence of supragingival calculus and plaque). RESULTS The following risk determinants were found for AL: male gender, presence of supragingival plaque and calculus, smoking, low educational level. For the combination of AL and tooth loss, risk determinants were female gender, supragingival plaque, smoking, and low educational level. Consumption of antiallergic medications and regular dental checkups proved to be protective. Smoking was the most influential risk determinant. These parameters explained approximately 43-55% of the variation. CONCLUSION These results concur with those of the literature. In order to explain disease status further, host-response and microbiological factors must also be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kocher
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
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46
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Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Colditz G, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Willett WC. The association between tooth loss and coronary heart disease in men and women. J Public Health Dent 2004; 64:209-15. [PMID: 15562943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper evaluates the relation of tooth loss to incidence of coronary heart disease in two large cohort studies. METHODS Participants included 41,407 men and 58,974 women free of any cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We recorded 1,654 incident coronary heart disease events (562 fatal events) among men during 12 years of follow-up and 544 events (158 fatal events) among women during 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS After controlling for important cardiovascular risk factors, compared to men with 25-32 teeth at baseline, men with 0-10 teeth had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR]= 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.11, 1.67). The relative risk increased to 1.79 (95% CI=1.34, 2.40) when limited to fatal events. Women with 0-10 teeth were also at increased risk of coronary heart disease compared to women with 25-32 teeth (RR=1.64; 95% CI=1.31, 2.05). The association was similar for fatal events (RR= 1.65; 95% CI=1.11, 2.46). The association between number of teeth and incidence of coronary heart disease was similar between men with and without a history of periodontal disease, and there was no significant association between tooth loss during follow-up and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant association between number of teeth at baseline and risk of coronary heart disease and the mechanisms to explain this association should be further clarified.
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Marques da Silva R, Caugant DA, Josefsen R, Tronstad L, Olsen I. Characterization ofStreptococcus constellatusStrains Recovered From a Brain Abscess and Periodontal Pockets in an Immunocompromised Patient. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1720-3. [PMID: 15732877 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been a number of reports of brain abscesses suggesting an odontogenic etiology. However, no efforts have been made to compare brain abscess isolates with isolates from the oral cavity using highly discriminative methods. We report a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus in an immunocompromised patient where oral infection (periodontitis) was suspected to be implicated. METHODS The brain abscess and oral isolates were compared by means of one phenotypic and three genetic (restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP], ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD]) fingerprinting techniques. RESULTS The phenotypic method and RFLP showed identical profiles between brain and periodontal isolates, while ribotyping and RAPD showed very close similarity, with only one band difference in one of the three ribotypes and in one of the three polymorphic RAPD. CONCLUSIONS Gene transfer by genetic recombinational events in the periodontal pocket might have been responsible for the emergence of a strain variant of S. constellatus that had the potential to cause an abscess at a distant site (brain). The importance of odontogenic sources as potential foci of infection for brain abscesses is discussed.
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48
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Khader YS, Albashaireh ZSM, Alomari MA. Periodontal diseases and the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1046-53. [PMID: 15455730 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronary heart diseases (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in observational studies. METHODS This study was based on seven cohort studies and four studies of other designs that met prestated inclusion criteria. Information on study design, year of publication, study location, sample size, study population, participant characteristics, measurement of risk factors, exposure and outcome measures, matching, controlling for confounders, and risk estimates was abstracted independently by two investigators using a standard protocol. RESULTS Subjects with periodontitis had an overall adjusted risk of CHD that was 1.15 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.25; P = 0.001) the risk for healthy subjects. There was no heterogeneity among the studies in the overall relative risk estimate (P = 0.472). As compared to healthy subjects, those with periodontitis had an overall adjusted relative risk of CVD of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.27; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated that periodontal infection increases the risk of CHD and CVD. However, this meta-analysis provided no evidence for the existence of strong associations between periodontitis and CHD and CVD. Larger and better-controlled studies involving socially homogeneous populations and measuring specific periodontal pathogens are required to identify a definite association between periodontal disease and the risk of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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49
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Bailey RL, Ledikwe JH, Smiciklas-Wright H, Mitchell DC, Jensen GL. Persistent oral health problems associated with comorbidity and impaired diet quality in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 104:1273-6. [PMID: 15281046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chewing, swallowing, and mouth pain (CSP) are identified as indicators of nutritional risk in older adults. Previous research has shown that oral health problems in community-living older rural adults were associated with increased hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to characterize older adults with self-reported persistent CSP problems at baseline and one-year follow-up. Participants were from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study, either with persistent oral problems (PCSP; n=22) or without problems (NCSP; n=125). Demographic, health, and anthropometric data were collected via home visit; diet information was assessed by five, 24-hour recalls collected over 10 months. PCSP subjects reported almost twice the number of medications (4.2 vs 2.6, respectively, P=.008) and diseases (7.0 vs 4.2, respectively, P=.001), with higher occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcers/gastritis, and angina. PCSP participants had lower Healthy Eating Index scores (66.6 vs 70.6, respectively, P=.04), significantly lower intakes of vitamin A, and higher prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins B-6 and A. These results indicate that impaired intake of certain foods and nutrients is associated with persistent oral health problems. Oral status is an important component of overall health and should be monitored for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16801, USA.
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Mack F, Mojon P, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Kocher T, Splieth C, Schwahn C, Bernhardt O, Gesch D, Kordass B, John U, Biffar R. Caries and periodontal disease of the elderly in Pomerania, Germany: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania. Gerodontology 2004; 21:27-36. [PMID: 15074537 DOI: 10.1046/j.1741-2358.2003.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the oral health status of older adults living in northeastern Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS Representative samples of adults aged 60 years or older were examined as part of Study of the Health in Pomerania, a cross-sectional, population-based study. Data on 1446 subjects aged 60-79 years were evaluated for coronal caries using the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, root caries using the root caries index (RCI), calculus, plaque, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment loss. RESULTS The prevalence of edentulousness varied from 16% in the 60-65-year-old group to 30% in the 75-79-year-old group, whereas the median number of remaining natural teeth per subject varied from 14 in the youngest age group (60-65 years) to one in the oldest (75-79 years). Among subjects aged 60-69 years, a quarter (26%) of the teeth examined had coronal restoration against 17% in the oldest age group (70-79 years). Coronal caries was found in 2% of the teeth in both age groups. Among teeth with gingival recession, 6% had fillings on root surfaces and 2% had root caries, irrespective of age. In all, 11% of the subjects had at least one untreated coronal lesion and 27% had at least one untreated root caries lesion. Plaque score, calculus score and bleeding on probing were higher in the oldest age group (70-79 years). The prevalence of periodontal disease expressed as the presence of at least one periodontal pocket of 4 mm and more, was higher in men and among the younger subjects (men aged 60-69 years: 85% vs. 71% in 70-79-year-old men; women aged 60-69 years: 71% vs. 62% in 70-79-year-olds). The prevalence of attachment loss of 3 mm or more followed a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS It seems therefore that in this population, the major oral health concern is related to caries and the small number of teeth retained among the dentate subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mack
- Centre of Oral Health, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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