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Wang J, Liu Y, Wu D, Tian C, Gao J, Yang Q, Hong X, Gu F, Zhang K, Hu Y, Xu S, Liu L, Zeng Y. OTUB1 Targets CHK1 for Deubiquitination and Stabilization to Facilitate Lung Cancer Progression and Radioresistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00246-3. [PMID: 38266782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.01.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioresistance of lung cancer poses a significant challenge when it comes to the treatment of advanced, recurrent, and metastatic cases. Ovarian tumor domain ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) is a key member of the deubiquitinase OTU superfamily. This protein is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, iron death, lipid metabolism, and cytokine secretion as well as immune response processes. However, its specific role and molecular mechanism in lung cancer radioresistance remain to be clarified. METHODS AND MATERIALS The expression levels of OTUB1 in paired lung cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of OTUB1 on the growth and proliferation of lung cancer. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting techniques were performed to examine the interaction between OTUB1 and CHK1. The DNA damage response was measured by comet tailing and immunofluorescence staining. KEGG pathways and Gene Ontology terms were analyzed based on RNA sequencing. RESULTS Our findings reveal a high frequency of OTUB1 overexpression, which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Through comprehensive investigations, we demonstrate that OTUB1 depletion impairs the process of DNA damage repair and overcomes radioresistance. In terms of the underlying mechanism, our study uncovers that OTUB1 deubiquitinates and stabilizes CHK1, which enhances CHK1 stability, thereby regulating DNA damage and repair. Additionally, we identify CHK1 as the primary downstream effector responsible for mediating the functional effects exerted by OTUB1 specifically in lung cancer. Importantly, OTUB1 has the potential to be a valuable marker for improving the efficacy of radiation therapy for lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These findings unveil a novel role for OTUB1 in enhancing radioresistance by deubiquitination and stabilization of the expression of CHK1 in lung cancer and indicate that targeting OTUB1 holds great potential as an effective therapeutic approach for enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Gu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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3
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Huang P, Wang Y, Zhang P, Li Q. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1: assessing its role in cancer therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2953-2966. [PMID: 37093451 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein ubiquitination represents an essential determinator of cellular homeostasis, and the ubiquitin-specific enzymes, particularly deubiquitinases (DUBs), are emerging as promising targets for drug development. DUBs are composed of seven different subfamilies, out of which ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the largest family with 56 members. One of the well-characterized USPs is USP1, which contributes to several cellular biological processes including DNA damage response, immune regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. USP1 levels and activity are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including transcription regulation, phosphorylation, autocleavage, and proteasomal degradation, ensuring that the cellular function of USP1 is performed in a suitably modulated spatio-temporal manner. Moreover, USP1 with deregulated expression and activity are found in several human cancers, indicating that targeting USP1 is a feasible therapeutic approach in anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the essential role of USP1 in cancer development and the regulatory landscape of USP1 activity, which might provide novel insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - YuHan Wang
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - PengFei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Li L, Wang L, Liu D, Zhao Y. BRD7 suppresses tumor chemosensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by inhibiting USP1-mediated deubiquitination of CHK1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:313. [PMID: 37626049 PMCID: PMC10457387 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key effector in the cellular response to DNA lesions, is a crucial component of all cell cycle checkpoints. Recent reports have revealed that CHK1 is highly expressed in numerous cancer types in the clinical settings. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CHK1 expression in tumor cells remain unclear. Here, we report that CHK1 is negatively regulated by the bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7). Specifically, BRD7 silencing increased CHK1 (but not CHK2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels, in a p53-independent manner in multiple tumor cell lines. Furthermore, BRD7 silencing stabilized CHK1 via reducing its ubiquitination. Mechanistically, BRD7 knockdown not only increased the levels of USP1, a deubiquitinase for CHK1, but also promoted the interaction between CHK1 and USP1, subsequently enhancing the de-ubiquitination of CHK1. USP1 knockdown abrogated BRD7 silencing-induced CHK1 induction. Biologically, the increased expression of CHK1 in tumor cells caused by BRD7 silencing significantly increased cell sensitivity to CHK1 inhibitors by enhancing tumor cell apoptosis, and this effect was reversed by the simultaneous knockdown of CHK1 or USP1. Taken together, our findings suggest that BRD7 is a potential genetic or drug target that may help to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs targeting CHK1 in combinatorial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Kerridge S, Fraser C, Hannaway NL, Luli S, Ivanova I, Brownridge PJ, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MSR, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Up-regulation of the PI3K/AKT and RHO/RAC/PAK signalling pathways in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells. Biochem J 2022; 479:2131-2151. [PMID: 36240067 PMCID: PMC9704644 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance and the activation of bypass pathway signalling represents a major problem for the clinical application of protein kinase inhibitors. While investigating the effect of either a c-Rel deletion or RelAT505A phosphosite knockin on the Eµ-Myc mouse model of B-cell lymphoma, we discovered that both NF-κB subunit mutations resulted in CHK1 inhibitor resistance, arising from either loss or alteration of CHK1 activity, respectively. However, since Eµ-Myc lymphomas depend on CHK1 activity to cope with high levels of DNA replication stress and consequent genomic instability, it was not clear how these mutant NF-κB subunit lymphomas were able to survive. To understand these survival mechanisms and to identify potential compensatory bypass signalling pathways in these lymphomas, we applied a multi-omics strategy. With c-Rel-/- Eµ-Myc lymphomas we observed high levels of Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT pathway activation. Moreover, treatment with the PI3K inhibitor Pictilisib (GDC-0941) selectively inhibited the growth of reimplanted c-Rel-/- and RelAT505A, but not wild type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas. We also observed up-regulation of a RHO/RAC pathway gene expression signature in both Eµ-Myc NF-κB subunit mutation models. Further investigation demonstrated activation of the RHO/RAC effector p21-activated kinase (PAK) 2. Here, the PAK inhibitor, PF-3758309 successfully overcame resistance of RelAT505A but not WT lymphomas. These findings demonstrate that up-regulation of multiple bypass pathways occurs in CHK1 inhibitor resistant Eµ-Myc lymphomas. Consequently, drugs targeting these pathways could potentially be used as either second line or combinatorial therapies to aid the successful clinical application of CHK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Callum Fraser
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Iglika Ivanova
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S. R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Level 6, Herschel Building, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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6
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Hunter JE, Campbell AE, Hannaway NL, Kerridge S, Luli S, Butterworth JA, Sellier H, Mukherjee R, Dhillon N, Sudhindar PD, Shukla R, Brownridge PJ, Bell HL, Coxhead J, Taylor L, Leary P, Hasoon MS, Collins I, Garrett MD, Eyers CE, Perkins ND. Regulation of CHK1 inhibitor resistance by a c-Rel and USP1 dependent pathway. Biochem J 2022; 479:2063-2086. [PMID: 36240066 PMCID: PMC9704646 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that deletion of c-Rel in the Eµ-Myc mouse model of lymphoma results in earlier onset of disease, a finding that contrasted with the expected function of this NF-κB subunit in B-cell malignancies. Here we report that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- cells have an unexpected and major defect in the CHK1 pathway. Total and phospho proteomic analysis revealed that Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas highly resemble wild-type (WT) Eµ-Myc lymphomas treated with an acute dose of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) CCT244747. Further analysis demonstrated that this is a consequence of Eµ-Myc/cRel-/- lymphomas having lost expression of CHK1 protein itself, an effect that also results in resistance to CCT244747 treatment in vivo. Similar down-regulation of CHK1 protein levels was also seen in CHK1i resistant U2OS osteosarcoma and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further investigation revealed that the deubiquitinase USP1 regulates CHK1 proteolytic degradation and that its down-regulation in our model systems is responsible, at least in part, for these effects. We demonstrate that treating WT Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells with the USP1 inhibitor ML323 was highly effective at reducing tumour burden in vivo. Targeting USP1 activity may thus be an alternative therapeutic strategy in MYC-driven tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hunter
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Hannaway
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Scott Kerridge
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Saimir Luli
- Newcastle University Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Preclinical In Vivo Imaging (PIVI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jacqueline A. Butterworth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Helene Sellier
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Reshmi Mukherjee
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Nikita Dhillon
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Praveen D. Sudhindar
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Hayden L. Bell
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Leigh Taylor
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Peter Leary
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Megan S.R. Hasoon
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Michelle D. Garrett
- School of Biosciences, Stacey Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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7
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ML323, a USP1 inhibitor triggers cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2022; 27:545-560. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Li JT, Li KY, Su Y, Shen Y, Lei MZ, Zhang F, Yin M, Chen ZJ, Wen WY, Hu WG, Su D, Qu J, Lei QY. Diet high in branched-chain amino acid promotes PDAC development by USP1-mediated BCAT2 stabilization. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab212. [PMID: 35663242 PMCID: PMC9154341 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BCAT2-mediated branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is critical for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, especially at an early stage. However, whether a high-BCAA diet promotes PDAC development in vivo, and the underlying mechanism of BCAT2 upregulation, remain undefined. Here, we find that a high-BCAA diet promotes pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) progression in LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice. Moreover, we screened with an available deubiquitylase library which contains 31 members of USP family and identified that USP1 deubiquitylates BCAT2 at the K229 site. Furthermore, BCAA increases USP1 protein at the translational level via the GCN2-eIF2α pathway both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, USP1 inhibition recedes cell proliferation and clone formation in PDAC cells and attenuates pancreas tumor growth in an orthotopic transplanted mice model. Consistently, a positive correlation between USP1 and BCAT2 is found in KC; LSL-KrasG12D/+; p53flox/+; Pdx1-Cre mice and clinical samples. Thus, a therapeutic targeting USP1-BCAT2-BCAA metabolic axis could be considered as a rational strategy for treatment of PDAC and precisive dietary intervention of BCAA has potentially translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yue Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Su
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yu Wen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Guo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lead contact
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9
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Tyagi A, Haq S, Ramakrishna S. Redox regulation of DUBs and its therapeutic implications in cancer. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102194. [PMID: 34814083 PMCID: PMC8608616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a double-edged sword in cancer, where low levels of ROS are beneficial but excessive accumulation leads to cancer progression. Elevated levels of ROS in cancer are counteracted by the antioxidant defense system. An imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant system alters gene expression and cellular signaling, leading to cancer progression or death. Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation, play a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis by controlling ROS production and clearance. Recent evidence suggests that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)-mediated ubiquitin removal from substrates is regulated by ROS. ROS-mediated oxidation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys) of DUBs, leading to their reversible inactivation, has emerged as a key mechanism regulating DUB-controlled cellular events. A better understanding of the mechanism by which DUBs are susceptible to ROS and exploring the ways to utilize ROS to pharmacologically modulate DUB-mediated signaling pathways might provide new insight for anticancer therapeutics. This review assesses the recent findings regarding ROS-mediated signaling in cancers, emphasizes DUB regulation by oxidation, highlights the relevant recent findings, and proposes directions of future research based on the ROS-induced modifications of DUB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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10
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Stromberg BR, Singh M, Torres AE, Burrows AC, Pal D, Insinna C, Rhee Y, Dickson AS, Westlake CJ, Summers MK. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 enhances CHK1 activity to promote the cellular response to replication stress. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101184. [PMID: 34509474 PMCID: PMC8487067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 is known to contribute to timely onset of S phase and progression of mitosis. However, it is not clear if USP37 is required beyond S-phase entry despite expression and activity of USP37 peaking within S phase. We have utilized flow cytometry and microscopy to analyze populations of replicating cells labeled with thymidine analogs and monitored mitotic entry in synchronized cells to determine that USP37-depleted cells exhibited altered S-phase kinetics. Further analysis revealed that cells depleted of USP37 harbored increased levels of the replication stress and DNA damage markers γH2AX and 53BP1 in response to perturbed replication. Depletion of USP37 also reduced cellular proliferation and led to increased sensitivity to agents that induce replication stress. Underlying the increased sensitivity, we found that the checkpoint kinase 1 is destabilized in the absence of USP37, attenuating its function. We further demonstrated that USP37 deubiquitinates checkpoint kinase 1, promoting its stability. Together, our results establish that USP37 is required beyond S-phase entry to promote the efficiency and fidelity of replication. These data further define the role of USP37 in the regulation of cell proliferation and contribute to an evolving understanding of USP37 as a multifaceted regulator of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adrian E Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy C Burrows
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Debjani Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Insinna
- NCI-Frederick National Laboratory, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yosup Rhee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S Dickson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- NCI-Frederick National Laboratory, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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11
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A catalytic-independent function of human DNA polymerase Kappa controls the stability and abundance of the Checkpoint Kinase 1. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0009021. [PMID: 34398682 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00090-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase kappa (Pol κ) has been well documented thus far for its specialized DNA synthesis activity during translesion replication, progression of replication forks through regions difficult to replicate, restart of stalled forks and replication checkpoint efficiency. Pol κ is also required for the stabilization of stalled forks although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we unveiled an unexpected role for Pol κ in controlling the stability and abundance of Chk1, an important actor for the replication checkpoint and fork stabilization. We found that loss of Pol κ decreased the Chk1 protein level in the nucleus of four human cell lines. Pol κ and not the other Y-family polymerase members is required to maintain the Chk1 protein pool all along the cell cycle. We showed that Pol κ depletion affected the protein stability of Chk1 and protected it from proteasome degradation. Importantly, we also observed that the fork restart defects observed in Pol κ-depleted cells could be overcome by the re-expression of Chk1. Strikingly, this new function of Pol κ does not require its catalytic activity. We propose that Pol κ could contribute to the protection of stalled forks through Chk1 stability.
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12
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Lemonidis K, Arkinson C, Rennie ML, Walden H. Mechanism, specificity, and function of FANCD2-FANCI ubiquitination and deubiquitination. FEBS J 2021; 289:4811-4829. [PMID: 34137174 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in any of the currently 22 known FA genes. The products of these genes, along with other FA-associated proteins, participate in a biochemical pathway, known as the FA pathway. This pathway is responsible for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) and the maintenance of genomic stability in response to replication stress. At the center of the pathway is the monoubiquitination of two FA proteins, FANCD2 and FANCI, on two specific lysine residues. This is achieved by the combined action of the UBE2T ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and a large multicomponent E3 ligase, known as the FA-core complex. This E2-E3 pair specifically targets the FANCI-FANCD2 heterodimer (ID2 complex) for ubiquitination on DNA. Deubiquitination of both FANCD2 and FANCI, which is also critical for ICL repair, is achieved by the USP1-UAF1 complex. Recent work suggests that FANCD2 ubiquitination transforms the ID2 complex into a sliding DNA clamp. Further, ID2 ubiquitination on FANCI does not alter the closed ID2 conformation observed upon FANCD2 ubiquitination and the associated ID2Ub complex with high DNA affinity. However, the resulting dimonoubiquitinated complex is highly resistant to USP1-UAF1 deubiquitination. This review will provide an update on recent work focusing on how specificity in FANCD2 ubiquitination and deubiquitination is achieved. Recent findings shedding light to the mechanisms, molecular functions, and biological roles of FANCI/FANCD2 ubiquitination and deubiquitination will be also discussed. ENZYMES: UBA1 (6.2.1.45), UBE2T (2.3.2.23), FANCL (2.3.2.27), USP1 (3.4.19.12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Lemonidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Connor Arkinson
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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13
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Li Y, Yuan J. Role of deubiquitinating enzymes in DNA double-strand break repair. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:63-72. [PMID: 33448188 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It is essential for maintaining accurate transmission of genetic information. In the life cycle, DNA replication, cell division, or genome damage, including that caused by endogenous and exogenous agents, may cause DNA aberrations. Of all forms of DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most serious. If the repair function is defective, DNA damage may cause gene mutation, genome instability, and cell chromosome loss, which in turn can even lead to tumorigenesis. DNA damage can be repaired through multiple mechanisms. Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are the two main repair mechanisms for DNA DSBs. Increasing amounts of evidence reveal that protein modifications play an essential role in DNA damage repair. Protein deubiquitination is a vital post-translational modification which removes ubiquitin molecules or polyubiquitinated chains from substrates in order to reverse the ubiquitination reaction. This review discusses the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in repairing DNA DSBs. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of DUB regulation in DSB repair will provide new insights to combat human diseases and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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14
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Tu Y, Li X, Zhu X, Liu X, Guo C, Jia D, Tang TS. Determining the Fate of Neurons in SCA3: ATX3, a Rising Decision Maker in Response to DNA Stresses and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619911. [PMID: 33425926 PMCID: PMC7793700 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) and apoptosis are reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders, such as Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and Huntington's disease (HD). Consistently, an increasing body of studies provide compelling evidence for the crucial roles of ATX3, whose polyQ expansion is defined as the cause of SCA3, in the maintenance of genome integrity and regulation of apoptosis. The polyQ expansion in ATX3 seems to affect its physiological functions in these distinct pathways. These advances have expanded our understanding of the relationship between ATX3's cellular functions and the underlying molecular mechanism of SCA3. Interestingly, dysregulated DDR pathways also contribute to the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorder such as HD, which presents a common molecular mechanism yet distinct in detail among different diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current studies about the physiological roles of ATX3 in DDR and related apoptosis, highlighting the crosslinks between these impaired pathways and the pathogenesis of SCA3. Moreover, whether these mechanisms are shared in other neurodegenerative diseases are analyzed. Finally, the preclinical studies targeting DDR and related apoptosis for treatment of polyQ disorders including SCA3 and HD are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (China National Center for Bioinformation), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Kuang X, Xiong J, Lu T, Wang W, Zhang Z, Wang J. Inhibition of USP1 induces apoptosis via ID1/AKT pathway in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:245-255. [PMID: 33390793 PMCID: PMC7738972 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) has been reported to be aberrantly overexpressed in cancers, and it plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. However, the role of USP1 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains largely undefined. USP1 expression in 30 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients was detected by real-time PCR and western blot. We found that USP1 was generally upregulated in the bone marrow cells derived from B-ALL patients. Knockdown of USP1 by siRNA decreased B-ALL cell growth and induced apoptosis. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of USP1 by SJB3-019A significantly repressed cell proliferation and triggered B-ALL cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that inhibition of USP1 downregulated the expression of ID1 and p-AKT, and upregulated ID1 expression could reverse the suppressive effects of USP1 inhibitor in B-ALL cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that USP1 promote B-ALL progression at least partially via the ID1/AKT signaling pathway, and USP1 inhibitors might be promising therapeutic application for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
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16
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Panagopoulos A, Altmeyer M. The Hammer and the Dance of Cell Cycle Control. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:301-314. [PMID: 33279370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints secure ordered progression from one cell cycle phase to the next. They are important to signal cell stress and DNA lesions and to stop cell cycle progression when severe problems occur. Recent work suggests, however, that the cell cycle control machinery responds in more subtle and sophisticated ways when cells are faced with naturally occurring challenges, such as replication impediments associated with endogenous replication stress. Instead of following a stop and go approach, cells use fine-tuned deceleration and brake release mechanisms under the control of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinase (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) to more flexibly adapt their cell cycle program to changing conditions. We highlight emerging examples of such intrinsic cell cycle checkpoint regulation and discuss their physiological and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Panagopoulos
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Kaushal K, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating Enzyme-Mediated Signaling Networks in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3253. [PMID: 33158118 PMCID: PMC7694198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate and contribute to multiple tumor properties, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. Thus, CSCs are considered to be promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. The function of CSCs can be regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins related to the specific stemness of the cells executing various stem cell fate choices. To regulate the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes, the disassembly of ubiquitin chains from specific substrates by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is crucial. Several key developmental and signaling pathways have been shown to play essential roles in this regulation. Growing evidence suggests that overactive or abnormal signaling within and among these pathways may contribute to the survival of CSCs. These signaling pathways have been experimentally shown to mediate various stem cell properties, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the DUBs involved in CSCs signaling pathways, which are vital in regulating their stem-cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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18
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Zhao Y, Xue C, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Li L. Comprehensive analysis of ubiquitin-specific protease 1 reveals its importance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12908. [PMID: 32951278 PMCID: PMC7574869 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we comprehensively analysed the role of ubiquitin‐specific protease 1(USP1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using data from a set of public databases. Materials and Methods We analysed the mRNA expression of USP1 in HCC and subgroups of HCC using Oncomine and UALCAN. Survival analysis of USP1 in HCC was conducted with the Kaplan‐Meier Plotter database. The mutations of USP1 in HCC were analysed using cBioPortal and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database. Differential genes correlated with USP1 and WD repeat domain 48 (WDR48) were obtained using LinkedOmics. USP1 was knocked down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacologically inhibited by ML‐323 in MHCC97H or SK‐Hep‐1 cell lines for function analysis. Results High USP1 expression predicted unfavourable overall survival in HCC patients. USP1 showed positive correlations with the abundances of macrophages and neutrophils. We identified 98 differential genes that were positively correlated with both USP1 and WDR48. These genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, aldosterone synthesis and secretion and oestrogen signalling pathways. Interactions between USP1 and WDR 48 were confirmed using co‐immunoprecipitation. USP1 knockdown or ML‐323 treatment reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. Conclusions Overall, USP1 is a promising target for HCC treatment with good prognostic value. USP1 and WDR48 function together in regulating cancer cell proliferation via the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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20
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The FANC/BRCA Pathway Releases Replication Blockades by Eliminating DNA Interstrand Cross-Links. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050585. [PMID: 32466131 PMCID: PMC7288313 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent a major barrier blocking DNA replication fork progression. ICL accumulation results in growth arrest and cell death—particularly in cell populations undergoing high replicative activity, such as cancer and leukemic cells. For this reason, agents able to induce DNA ICLs are widely used as chemotherapeutic drugs. However, ICLs are also generated in cells as byproducts of normal metabolic activities. Therefore, every cell must be capable of rescuing lCL-stalled replication forks while maintaining the genetic stability of the daughter cells in order to survive, replicate DNA and segregate chromosomes at mitosis. Inactivation of the Fanconi anemia/breast cancer-associated (FANC/BRCA) pathway by inherited mutations leads to Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare developmental, cancer-predisposing and chromosome-fragility syndrome. FANC/BRCA is the key hub for a complex and wide network of proteins that—upon rescuing ICL-stalled DNA replication forks—allows cell survival. Understanding how cells cope with ICLs is mandatory to ameliorate ICL-based anticancer therapies and provide the molecular basis to prevent or bypass cancer drug resistance. Here, we review our state-of-the-art understanding of the mechanisms involved in ICL resolution during DNA synthesis, with a major focus on how the FANC/BRCA pathway ensures DNA strand opening and prevents genomic instability.
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Yu X, Li W, Liu H, Deng Q, Wang X, Hu H, Xu-Monette ZY, Xiong W, Lu Z, Young KH, Wang W, Li Y. Ubiquitination of the DNA-damage checkpoint kinase CHK1 by TRAF4 is required for CHK1 activation. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:40. [PMID: 32357935 PMCID: PMC7193419 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of DNA damage response (DDR) is a major cause of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). CHK1 is upregulated in CRC and contributes to therapeutic resistance. We investigated the upstream signaling pathways governing CHK1 activation in CRC. METHODS We identified CHK1-binding proteins by mass spectrometry analysis. We analyzed the biologic consequences of knockout or overexpression of TRAF4 using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. CHK1 and TRAF4 ubiquitination was studied in vitro and in vivo. We tested the functions of TRAF4 in CHK1 phosphorylation and CRC chemoresistance by measuring cell viability and proliferation, anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, and mouse xenograft tumorigenesis. We analyzed human CRC specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TRAF4 catalyzed the ubiquitination of CHK1 in multiple CRC cell lines. Following DNA damage, ubiquitination of CHK1 at K132 by TRAF4 is required for CHK1 phosphorylation and activation mediated by ATR. Notably, TRAF4 was highly expressed in chemotherapy-resistant CRC specimens and positively correlated with phosphorylated CHK1. Furthermore, depletion of TRAF4 impaired CHK1 activity and sensitized CRC cells to fluorouracil and other chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal two novel steps required for CHK1 activation in which TRAF4 serves as a critical intermediary and suggest that inhibition of the ATR-TRAF4-CHK1 signaling may overcome CRC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haidan Liu
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qipan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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22
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Cartel M, Didier C. Regulation of CHK1 by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. FEBS J 2020; 287:1982-1984. [PMID: 31904911 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a master regulator of genome integrity in vertebrate cells. Despite its important cell cycle functions, its regulation is still incompletely understood. Cassidy et al. provide novel insights on the regulation of the CHK1 abundance by the HECT E3 ligase HUWE1 during unperturbed cell cycle as well as in response to replicative stress. These results may help us to apprehend the underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Cartel
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, France.,Équipe Labellisée 2016, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Didier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, France.,Équipe Labellisée 2016, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
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23
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Fanconi anemia proteins counteract the implementation of the oncogene-induced senescence program. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17024. [PMID: 31745226 PMCID: PMC6863893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA), due to the loss-of-function of the proteins that constitute the FANC pathway involved in DNA replication and genetic stability maintainance, is a rare genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and cancer predisposition. Similar clinical stigmas have also been associated with alterations in the senescence program, which is activated in physiological or stress situations, including the unscheduled, chronic, activation of an oncogene (oncogene induced senescence, OIS). Here, we wanted to determine the crosstalk, if any, between the FANC pathway and the OIS process. OIS was analyzed in two known cellular models, IMR90-hTERT/ER:RASG12V and WI38-hTERT/ER:GFP:RAF1, harboring 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible oncogenes. We observed that oncogene activation induces a transitory increase of both FANCA and FANCD2 as well as FANCD2 monoubiquitination, readout of FANC pathway activation, followed by their degradation. FANCD2 depletion, which leads to a pre-senescent phenotype, anticipates OIS progression. Coherently, FANCD2 overexpression or inhibition of its proteosomal-dependent degradation slightly delays OIS progression. The pro-senescence protease cathepsin L, which activation is anticipated during OIS in FANCD2-depleted cells, also participates to FANCD2 degradation. Our results demonstrate that oncogene activation is first associated with FANCD2 induction and activation, which may support initial cell proliferation, followed by its degradation/downregulation when OIS proceeds.
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24
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital defects, inability to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and cancer predisposition. FA presents two seemingly opposite characteristics: (a) massive cell death of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment due to extensive genomic instability, leading to BMF, and (b) uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to FA-associated malignancies. The canonical function of the FA proteins is to collaborate with several other DNA repair proteins to eliminate clastogenic (chromosome-breaking) effects of DNA ICLs. Recent discoveries reveal that the FA pathway functions in a critical tumor-suppressor network to preserve genomic integrity by stabilizing replication forks, mitigating replication stress, and regulating cytokinesis. Homozygous germline mutations (biallelic) in 22 FANC genes cause FA, whereas heterozygous germline mutations in some of the FANC genes (monoallelic), such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, do not cause FA but significantly increase cancer susceptibility sporadically in the general population. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the functions of the FA pathway in the maintenance of genomic stability, and we present an overview of the prevalence and clinical relevance of somatic mutations in FA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Niraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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25
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Cheung RS, Castella M, Abeyta A, Gafken PR, Tucker N, Taniguchi T. Ubiquitination-Linked Phosphorylation of the FANCI S/TQ Cluster Contributes to Activation of the Fanconi Anemia I/D2 Complex. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of interstrand crosslinks by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway requires both monoubiquitination and de-ubiquitination of the FANCI/FANCD2 (FANCI/D2) complex. In the standing model, the phosphorylation of six sites in the FANCI S/TQ cluster domain occurs upstream of, and promotes, FANCI/D2 monoubiquitination. We generated phospho-specific antibodies against three different S/TQ cluster sites (serines 556, 559, and 565) on human FANCI and found that, in contrast to the standing model, distinct FANCI sites were phosphorylated either predominantly upstream (ubiquitination independent; serine 556) or downstream (ubiquitination-linked; serines 559 and 565) of FANCI/D2 monoubiquitination. Ubiquitination-linked FANCI phosphorylation inhibited FANCD2 de-ubiquitination and bypassed the need to de-ubiquitinate FANCD2 to achieve effective interstrand crosslink repair. USP1 depletion suppressed ubiquitination-linked FANCI phosphorylation despite increasing FANCI/D2 monoubiquitination, providing an explanation of why FANCD2 de-ubiquitination is important for function of the FA pathway. Our work results in a refined model of how FANCI phosphorylation activates the FANCI/D2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Cheung
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maria Castella
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Antonio Abeyta
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Philip R Gafken
- Proteomics Core Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nyka Tucker
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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26
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Gorrepati KDD, Lupse B, Annamalai K, Yuan T, Maedler K, Ardestani A. Loss of Deubiquitinase USP1 Blocks Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting DNA Damage Response. iScience 2018; 1:72-86. [PMID: 30227958 PMCID: PMC6135944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired pancreatic β-cell survival contributes to the reduced β-cell mass in diabetes, but underlying regulatory mechanisms and key players in this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) as an important player in the regulation of β-cell apoptosis under diabetic conditions. Genetic silencing and pharmacological suppression of USP1 blocked β-cell death in several experimental models of diabetes in vitro and ex vivo without compromising insulin content and secretion and without impairing β-cell maturation/identity genes in human islets. Our further analyses showed that USP1 inhibition attenuated DNA damage response (DDR) signals, which were highly elevated in diabetic β-cells, suggesting a USP1-dependent regulation of DDR in stressed β-cells. Our findings highlight a novel function of USP1 in the control of β-cell survival, and its inhibition may have a potential therapeutic relevance for the suppression of β-cell death in diabetes. Genetic and chemical inhibition of USP1 promoted β-cell survival USP1 inhibitors blocked β-cell death in human islets without affecting β-cell function USP1 inhibition reduced DDR signals in stressed β-cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaka Durga Devi Gorrepati
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
More than a decade after a Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and clinical approval of proteasome and ubiquitin E3 ligase inhibitors, first-generation deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) inhibitors are now approaching clinical trials. However, although our knowledge of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of DUBs has evolved tremendously, the clinical development of selective DUB inhibitors has been challenging. In this Review, we discuss these issues and highlight recent advances in our understanding of DUB enzymology and biology as well as technological improvements that have contributed to the current interest in DUBs as therapeutic targets in diseases ranging from oncology to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine A. Harrigan
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
| | - Xavier Jacq
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
| | - Niall M. Martin
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
- Present Address: and Department of Biochemistry, The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Present address: Artios Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Maia, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK,
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
- Present Address: and Department of Biochemistry, The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Present address: Artios Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Maia, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK,
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28
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Tu Y, Liu H, Zhu X, Shen H, Ma X, Wang F, Huang M, Gong J, Li X, Wang Y, Guo C, Tang TS. Ataxin-3 promotes genome integrity by stabilizing Chk1. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4532-4549. [PMID: 28180282 PMCID: PMC5416811 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chk1 protein is essential for genome integrity maintenance and cell survival in eukaryotic cells. After prolonged replication stress, Chk1 can be targeted for proteasomal degradation to terminate checkpoint signaling after DNA repair finishes. To ensure proper activation of DNA damage checkpoint and DNA repair signaling, a steady-state level of Chk1 needs to be retained under physiological conditions. Here, we report a dynamic signaling pathway that tightly regulates Chk1 stability. Under unperturbed conditions and upon DNA damage, ataxin-3 (ATX3) interacts with Chk1 and protects it from DDB1/CUL4A- and FBXO6/CUL1-mediated polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation, thereby promoting DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. Under prolonged replication stress, ATX3 dissociates from Chk1, concomitant with a stronger binding between Chk1 and its E3 ligase, which causes Chk1 proteasomal degradation. ATX3 deficiency results in pronounced reduction of Chk1 abundance, compromised DNA damage response, G2/M checkpoint defect and decreased cell survival after replication stress, which can all be rescued by ectopic expression of ATX3. Taken together, these findings reveal ATX3 to be a novel deubiquitinase of Chk1, providing a new mechanism of Chk1 stabilization in genome integrity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- These authors contributed equally to the work as first authors
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- These authors contributed equally to the work as first authors
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- These authors contributed equally to the work as first authors
| | - Hongyan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juanjuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 64807296; Fax: +86 10 64807313; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Caixia Guo. Tel: +86 10 84097646; Fax: +86 10 84097720;
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 64807296; Fax: +86 10 64807313; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Caixia Guo. Tel: +86 10 84097646; Fax: +86 10 84097720;
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29
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Ishiai M, Sato K, Tomida J, Kitao H, Kurumizaka H, Takata M. Activation of the FA pathway mediated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Mutat Res 2017; 803-805:89-95. [PMID: 28552166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a devastating hereditary condition that impacts genome integrity, leading to clinical features such as skeletal and visceral organ malformations, attrition of bone marrow stem cells, and carcinogenesis. At least 21 proteins, when absent or defective, have been implicated in this disorder, and they together constitute the FA pathway, which functions in detection and repair of, and tolerance to, endogenous DNA damage. The damage primarily handled by the FA pathway has been assumed to be related to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). The FA pathway is activated upon ICL damage, and a hallmark of this activation is the mono-ubiquitination events of the key FANCD2-FANCI protein complex. Recent data have revealed unexpectedly complex details in the regulation of FA pathway activation by ICLs. In this short review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated over the years regarding how the FA pathway is activated via protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ishiai
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tomida
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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30
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Qiu GZ, Sun W, Jin MZ, Lin J, Lu PG, Jin WL. The bad seed gardener: Deubiquitinases in the cancer stem-cell signaling network and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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He M, Zhou Z, Shah AA, Zou H, Tao J, Chen Q, Wan Y. The emerging role of deubiquitinating enzymes in genomic integrity, diseases, and therapeutics. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:62. [PMID: 28031783 PMCID: PMC5168870 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of mono-ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chain to signaling proteins in response to DNA damage signal is thought to be a critical event that facilitates the recognition of DNA damage lesion site, the activation of checkpoint function, termination and checkpoint response and the recruitment of DNA repair proteins. Despite the ubiquitin modifiers, removal of ubiquitin from the functional proteins by the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an important role in orchestrating DNA damage response as well as DNA repair processes. Deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination could lead to genome instability that in turn causes tumorigenesis. Recent TCGA study has further revealed the connection between mutations in alteration of DUBs and various types of tumors. In addition, emerging drug design based on DUBs provides a new avenue for anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of deubiquitination and specificity of DUBs, and highlight the recent discoveries of DUBs in the modulation of ubiquitin-mediated DNA damage response and DNA damage repair. We will furthermore discuss the DUBs involved in the tumorigenesis as well as interception of deubiquitination as a novel strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Anil A Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Haojing Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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32
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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Abstract
Deubiquitinases are deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from proteins, thus regulating their proteasomal degradation, localization and activity. Here, we discuss DUBs as anti-cancer drug targets.
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Kim M, Kim JM. The role of USP1 autocleavage in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:340-8. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
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Tan X, Liang RY, Chuang SM. hHR23A is required to control the basal turnover of Chk1. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee JK, Chang N, Yoon Y, Yang H, Cho H, Kim E, Shin Y, Kang W, Oh YT, Mun GI, Joo KM, Nam DH, Lee J. USP1 targeting impedes GBM growth by inhibiting stem cell maintenance and radioresistance. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:37-47. [PMID: 26032834 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical benefits from standard therapies against glioblastoma (GBM) are limited in part due to intrinsic radio- and chemoresistance of GBM and inefficient targeting of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). Novel therapeutic approaches that overcome treatment resistance and diminish stem-like properties of GBM are needed. METHODS We determined the expression levels of ubiquitination-specific proteases (USPs) by transcriptome analysis and found that USP1 is highly expressed in GBM. Using the patient GBM-derived primary tumor cells, we inhibited USP1 by shRNA-mediated knockdown or its specific inhibitor pimozide and evaluated the effects on stem cell marker expression, proliferation, and clonogenic growth of tumor cells. RESULTS USP1 was highly expressed in gliomas relative to normal brain tissues and more preferentially in GSC enrichment marker (CD133 or CD15) positive cells. USP1 positively regulated the protein stability of the ID1 and CHEK1, critical regulators of DNA damage response and stem cell maintenance. Targeting USP1 by RNA interference or treatment with a chemical USP1 inhibitor attenuated clonogenic growth and survival of GSCs and enhanced radiosensitivity of GBM cells. Finally, USP1 inhibition alone or in combination with radiation significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION USP1-mediated protein stabilization promotes GSC maintenance and treatment resistance, thereby providing a rationale for USP1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ku Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Nakho Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Heejin Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Yongjae Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Wonyoung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Gyeong In Mun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (J.-K.L., Y.Y., H.Y., W.K., D.-H.N.); Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (N.C., H.C., Y.T.O., Y.Y., D.-H.N.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (K.M.J.); Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (E.K., Y.S., G.I.M., J.L.)
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Renaudin X, Guervilly JH, Aoufouchi S, Rosselli F. Proteomic analysis reveals a FANCA-modulated neddylation pathway involved in CXCR5 membrane targeting and cell mobility. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3546-54. [PMID: 25015289 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify novel substrates of the FANCcore complex, the inactivation of which leads to the genetic disorder Fanconi anemia, which is associated with bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to cancer. Eight FANC proteins participate in the nuclear FANCcore complex, which functions as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that monoubiquitylates FANCD2 and FANCI in response to replicative stress. Here, we use mass spectrometry to compare proteins from FANCcore-complex-deficient cells to those of rescued control cells after treatment with hydroxyurea, an inducer of FANCD2 monoubiquitylation. FANCD2 and FANCI appear to be the only targets of the FANCcore complex. We identify other proteins that are post-translationally modified in a FANCA- or FANCC-dependent manner. The majority of these potential targets localize to the cell membrane. Finally, we demonstrate that (a) the chemokine receptor CXCR5 is neddylated; (b) FANCA but not FANCC appears to modulate CXCR5 neddylation through an unknown mechanism; (c) CXCR5 neddylation is involved in targeting the receptor to the cell membrane; and (d) CXCR5 neddylation stimulates cell migration and motility. Our work has uncovered a pathway involving FANCA in neddylation and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Renaudin
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France CNRS UMR 8200 - Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, 75013 Paris
| | - Jean-Hugues Guervilly
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France CNRS UMR 8200 - Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, 75013 Paris
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France CNRS UMR 8200 - Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France CNRS UMR 8200 - Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, 75013 Paris
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Cell death and deubiquitinases: perspectives in cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:435197. [PMID: 25121098 PMCID: PMC4119901 DOI: 10.1155/2014/435197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell death has important physiological implications. At the organism level it is mostly involved in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. At the cellular level, the strategies of cell death may be categorized as either suicide or sabotage. The mere fact that many of these processes are programmed and that these are often deregulated in pathological conditions is seed to thought. The various players that are involved in these pathways are highly regulated. One of the modes of regulation is via post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination. In this review, we have first dealt with the different modes and pathways involved in cell death and then we have focused on the regulation of several proteins in these signaling cascades by the different deubiquitinating enzymes, in the perspective of cancer. The study of deubiquitinases is currently in a rather nascent stage with limited knowledge both in vitro and in vivo, but the emerging roles of the deubiquitinases in various processes and their specificity have implicated them as potential targets from the therapeutic point of view. This review throws light on another aspect of cancer therapeutics by targeting the deubiquitinating enzymes.
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Jacq X, Kemp M, Martin NMB, Jackson SP. Deubiquitylating enzymes and DNA damage response pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:25-43. [PMID: 23712866 PMCID: PMC3756857 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like factors has emerged as a general mechanism to regulate myriad intra-cellular processes. The addition and removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins from factors has recently been demonstrated as a key mechanism to modulate DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. It is thus, timely to evaluate the potential for ubiquitin pathway enzymes as DDR drug targets for therapeutic intervention. The synthetic lethal approach provides exciting opportunities for the development of targeted therapies to treat cancer: most tumours have lost critical DDR pathways, and thus rely more heavily on the remaining pathways, while normal tissues are still equipped with all DDR pathways. Here, we review key deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) involved in DDR pathways, and describe how targeting DUBs may lead to selective therapies to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Jacq
- MISSION Therapeutics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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Liang Q, Dexheimer TS, Zhang P, Rosenthal AS, Villamil MA, You C, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ott CA, Sun H, Luci DK, Yuan B, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Xiao H, Wang Y, Maloney DJ, Zhuang Z. A selective USP1-UAF1 inhibitor links deubiquitination to DNA damage responses. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:298-304. [PMID: 24531842 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination are central to the control of a large number of cellular pathways and signaling networks in eukaryotes. Although the essential roles of ubiquitination have been established in the eukaryotic DNA damage response, the deubiquitination process remains poorly defined. Chemical probes that perturb the activity of deubiquitinases (DUBs) are needed to characterize the cellular function of deubiquitination. Here we report ML323 (2), a highly potent inhibitor of the USP1-UAF1 deubiquitinase complex with excellent selectivity against human DUBs, deSUMOylase, deneddylase and unrelated proteases. Using ML323, we interrogated deubiquitination in the cellular response to UV- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage and revealed new insights into the requirement of deubiquitination in the DNA translesion synthesis and Fanconi anemia pathways. Moreover, ML323 potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer and osteosarcoma cells. Our findings point to USP1-UAF1 as a key regulator of the DNA damage response and a target for overcoming resistance to the platinum-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Andrew S Rosenthal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Villamil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Changjun You
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Christine A Ott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane K Luci
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bifeng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Kim HS, Mendiratta S, Kim J, Pecot CV, Larsen JE, Zubovych I, Seo BY, Kim J, Eskiocak B, Chung H, McMillan E, Wu S, De Brabander J, Komurov K, Toombs JE, Wei S, Peyton M, Williams N, Gazdar AF, Posner BA, Brekken RA, Sood AK, Deberardinis RJ, Roth MG, Minna JD, White MA. Systematic identification of molecular subtype-selective vulnerabilities in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell 2013; 155:552-66. [PMID: 24243015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Context-specific molecular vulnerabilities that arise during tumor evolution represent an attractive intervention target class. However, the frequency and diversity of somatic lesions detected among lung tumors can confound efforts to identify these targets. To confront this challenge, we have applied parallel screening of chemical and genetic perturbations within a panel of molecularly annotated NSCLC lines to identify intervention opportunities tightly linked to molecular response indicators predictive of target sensitivity. Anchoring this analysis on a matched tumor/normal cell model from a lung adenocarcinoma patient identified three distinct target/response-indicator pairings that are represented with significant frequencies (6%-16%) in the patient population. These include NLRP3 mutation/inflammasome activation-dependent FLIP addiction, co-occurring KRAS and LKB1 mutation-driven COPI addiction, and selective sensitivity to a synthetic indolotriazine that is specified by a seven-gene expression signature. Target efficacies were validated in vivo, and mechanism-of-action studies informed generalizable principles underpinning cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zhang Y, Hunter T. Roles of Chk1 in cell biology and cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1013-23. [PMID: 23613359 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoints preserve genome integrity. Central to these genome surveillance pathways is a protein kinase, Chk1. DNA damage induces activation of Chk1, which then transduces the checkpoint signal and facilitates cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. Significant progress has been made recently toward our understanding of Chk1 regulation and its implications in cancer etiology and therapy. Specifically, a model that involves both spatiotemporal and conformational changes of proteins has been proposed for Chk1 activation. Further, emerging evidence suggests that Chk1 does not appear to be a tumor suppressor; instead, it promotes tumor growth and may contribute to anticancer therapy resistance. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that activating, but not inhibiting, Chk1 in the absence of chemotherapy might represent an innovative approach to suppress tumor growth. These findings suggest unique regulation of Chk1 in cell biology and cancer etiology, pointing to novel strategies for targeting Chk1 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a key regulator of most complex cellular processes. It may rival phosphorylation in scope and exceed it in complexity. The dynamic nature of ubiquitylation events is important for governing protein stability, maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis and controlling ubiquitin-dependent signalling pathways. The human genome encodes ~80 active deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs, also referred to as deubiquitinases), which exhibit distinct specificity profiles towards the various ubiquitin chain topologies. As a result of their ability to reverse ubiquitylation, these enzymes control a broad range of key cellular processes. In this Commentary we discuss the cellular functions of DUBs, such as their role in governing membrane traffic and protein quality control. We highlight two key signalling pathways--the Wnt and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways, for which dynamic ubiquitylation has emerged as a key regulator. We also discuss the roles of DUBs in the nucleus, where they govern transcriptional activity and DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Clague
- Physiological Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK.
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Renaud E, Rosselli F. FANC pathway promotes UV-induced stalled replication forks recovery by acting both upstream and downstream Polη and Rev1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53693. [PMID: 23365640 PMCID: PMC3554758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with ultraviolet C (UVC)-stalled replication forks and restart DNA synthesis, cells either undergo DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) by specialised DNA polymerases or tolerate the lesions using homologous recombination (HR)-based mechanisms. To gain insight into how cells manage UVC-induced stalled replication forks, we analysed the molecular crosstalk between the TLS DNA polymerases Polη and Rev1, the double-strand break repair (DSB)-associated protein MDC1 and the FANC pathway. We describe three novel functional interactions that occur in response to UVC-induced DNA lesions. First, Polη and Rev1, whose optimal expression and/or relocalisation depend on the FANC core complex, act upstream of FANCD2 and are required for the proper relocalisation of monoubiquitinylated FANCD2 (Ub-FANCD2) to subnuclear foci. Second, during S-phase, Ub-FANCD2 and MDC1 relocalise to UVC-damaged nuclear areas or foci simultaneously but independently of each other. Third, Ub-FANCD2 and MDC1 are independently required for optimal BRCA1 relocalisation. While RPA32 phosphorylation (p-RPA32) and RPA foci formation were reduced in parallel with increasing levels of H2AX phosphorylation and MDC1 foci in UVC-irradiated FANC pathway-depleted cells, MDC1 depletion was associated with increased UVC-induced Ub-FANCD2 and FANCD2 foci as well as p-RPA32 levels and p-RPA32 foci. On the basis of the previous observations, we propose that the FANC pathway participates in the rescue of UVC-stalled replication forks in association with TLS by maintaining the integrity of ssDNA regions and by preserving genome stability and preventing the formation of DSBs, the resolution of which would require the intervention of MDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Renaud
- Université Paris Sud, UMR8200, « Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer », Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, UMR8200, « Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer », Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- Université Paris Sud, UMR8200, « Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer », Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, UMR8200, « Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer », Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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USP1 regulates AKT phosphorylation by modulating the stability of PHLPP1 in lung cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1231-8. [PMID: 22426999 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling is commonly associated with human tumors including lung cancers. PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), which terminates Akt signaling by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating Akt, has been identified as a tumor suppressor. The protein level of PHLPP1 is regulated by E3 ligase beta-TRCP, however, the deubiquitinase for PHLPP1 is still not known. METHODS The mRNA levels of USP1 and PHLPP1 in lung cancer cells and tissues were determined by real-time PCR. The half-life of PHLPP1 was detected by CHX assay. The interaction between USP1 and PHLPP1 was examined by immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assay. RESULTS Both USP1 and PHLPP1 are low expressed in lung cancer cells and tissues and silencing of USP1 by RNA interference significantly decreased the half-life of PHLPP1, which in turn amplified Akt1 phosphorylation. Our data identified a novel USP1-PHLPP1-Akt signaling axis, and decreased USP1 level in lung cancer cells may play an important role in lung cancer progress.
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Lee J, Zhou P. Pathogenic Role of the CRL4 Ubiquitin Ligase in Human Disease. Front Oncol 2012; 2:21. [PMID: 22649780 PMCID: PMC3355902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cullin 4-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) family employs multiple DDB1–CUL4 associated factors substrate receptors to direct the degradation of proteins involved in a wide spectrum of cellular functions. Aberrant expression of the cullin 4A (CUL4A) gene is found in many tumor types, while mutations of the cullin 4B (CUL4B) gene are causally associated with human X-linked mental retardation. This focused review will summarize our current knowledge of the two CUL4 family members in the pathogenesis of human malignancy and neuronal disease, and discuss their potential as new targets for cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
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Fraile JM, Quesada V, Rodríguez D, Freije JMP, López-Otín C. Deubiquitinases in cancer: new functions and therapeutic options. Oncogene 2011; 31:2373-88. [PMID: 21996736 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) have fundamental roles in the ubiquitin system through their ability to specifically deconjugate ubiquitin from targeted proteins. The human genome encodes at least 98 DUBs, which can be grouped into 6 families, reflecting the need for specificity in their function. The activity of these enzymes affects the turnover rate, activation, recycling and localization of multiple proteins, which in turn is essential for cell homeostasis, protein stability and a wide range of signaling pathways. Consistent with this, altered DUB function has been related to several diseases, including cancer. Thus, multiple DUBs have been classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors because of their regulatory functions on the activity of other proteins involved in tumor development. Therefore, recent studies have focused on pharmacological intervention on DUB activity as a rationale to search for novel anticancer drugs. This strategy may benefit from our current knowledge of the physiological regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes and the fact that growth of several tumors depends on the normal activity of certain DUBs. Further understanding of these processes may provide answers to multiple remaining questions on DUB functions and lead to the development of DUB-targeting strategies to expand the repertoire of molecular therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fraile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar stem cells (BASCs) located in the bronchoalveolar duct junction are thought to regenerate both bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium during homeostatic turnover and in response to injury. The mechanisms directing self-renewal in BASCs are poorly understood. Methods BASCs (Sca-1+, CD34+, CD31− and, CD45−) were isolated from adult mouse lung using FACS, and their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation were demonstrated by immunostaining. A transcription factor network of 53 genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells was assessed in BASCs, Kras-initiated lung tumor tissue, and lung organogenesis by real-time PCR. c-Myc was knocked down in BASCs by infection with c-Myc shRNA lentivirus. Comprehensive miRNA and mRNA profiling for BASCs was performed, and significant miRNAs and mRNAs potentially regulated by c-Myc were identified. We explored a c-Myc regulatory network in BASCs using a number of statistical and computational approaches through two different strategies; 1) c-Myc/Max binding sites within individual gene promoters, and 2) miRNA-regulated target genes. Results c-Myc expression was upregulated in BASCs and downregulated over the time course of lung organogenesis in vivo. The depletion of c-Myc in BASCs resulted in decreased proliferation and cell death. Multiple mRNAs and miRNAs were dynamically regulated in c-Myc depleted BASCs. Among a total of 250 dynamically regulated genes in c-Myc depleted BASCs, 57 genes were identified as potential targets of miRNAs through miRBase and TargetScan-based computational mapping. A further 88 genes were identified as potential downstream targets through their c-Myc binding motif. Conclusion c-Myc plays a critical role in maintaining the self-renewal capacity of lung bronchoalveolar stem cells through a combination of miRNA and transcription factor regulatory networks.
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Abstract
Mutation rates vary significantly within the genome and across species. Recent studies revealed a long suspected replication-timing effect on mutation rate, but the mechanisms that regulate the increase in mutation rate as the genome is replicated remain unclear. Evidence is emerging, however, that DNA repair systems, in general, are less efficient in late replicating heterochromatic regions compared to early replicating euchromatic regions of the genome. At the same time, mutation rates in both vertebrates and invertebrates have been shown to vary with generation time (GT). GT is correlated with genome size, which suggests a possible nucleotypic effect on species-specific mutation rates. These and other observations all converge on a role for DNA replication checkpoints in modulating generation times and mutation rates during the DNA synthetic phase (S phase) of the cell cycle. The following will examine the potential role of the intra-S checkpoint in regulating cell cycle times (GT) and mutation rates in eukaryotes. This article was published online on August 5, 2011. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected October 4, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Herrick
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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