1
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Hildebrandt ER, Sarkar A, Ravishankar R, Kim JH, Schmidt WK. Evaluating protein prenylation of human and viral CaaX sequences using a humanized yeast system. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050516. [PMID: 38818856 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenylated proteins are prevalent in eukaryotic biology (∼1-2% of proteins) and are associated with human disease, including cancer, premature aging and infections. Prenylated proteins with a C-terminal CaaX sequence are targeted by CaaX-type prenyltransferases and proteases. To aid investigations of these enzymes and their targets, we developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that express these human enzymes instead of their yeast counterparts. These strains were developed in part to explore human prenyltransferase specificity because of findings that yeast FTase has expanded specificity for sequences deviating from the CaaX consensus (i.e. atypical sequence and length). The humanized yeast strains displayed robust prenyltransferase activity against CaaX sequences derived from human and pathogen proteins containing typical and atypical CaaX sequences. The system also recapitulated prenylation of heterologously expressed human proteins (i.e. HRas and DNAJA2). These results reveal that substrate specificity is conserved for yeast and human farnesyltransferases but is less conserved for type I geranylgeranyltransferases. These yeast systems can be easily adapted for investigating the prenylomes of other organisms and are valuable new tools for helping define the human prenylome, which includes physiologically important proteins for which the CaaX modification status is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hildebrandt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anushka Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rajani Ravishankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - June H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Walter K Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Tiwari V, Alam MJ, Bhatia M, Navya M, Banerjee SK. The structure and function of lamin A/C: Special focus on cardiomyopathy and therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2024; 341:122489. [PMID: 38340979 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lamins are inner nuclear membrane proteins that belong to the intermediate filament family. Lamin A/C lie adjacent to the heterochromatin structure in polymer form, providing skeletal to the nucleus. Based on the localization, lamin A/C provides nuclear stability and cytoskeleton to the nucleus and modulates chromatin organization and gene expression. Besides being the structural protein making the inner nuclear membrane in polymer form, lamin A/C functions as a signalling molecule involved in gene expression as an enhancer inside the nucleus. Lamin A/C regulates various cellular pathways like autophagy and energy balance in the cytoplasm. Its expression is highly variable in differentiated tissues, higher in hard tissues like bone and muscle cells, and lower in soft tissues like the liver and brain. In muscle cells, including the heart, lamin A/C must be expressed in a balanced state. Lamin A/C mutation is linked with various diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and cardiomyopathies. It has been observed that a good number of mutations in the LMNA gene impact cardiac activity and its function. Although several works have been published, there are still several unexplored areas left regarding the lamin A/C function and structure in the cardiovascular system and its pathological state. In this review, we focus on the structural organization, expression pattern, and function of lamin A/C, its interacting partners, and the pathophysiology associated with mutations in the lamin A/C gene, with special emphasis on cardiovascular diseases. With the recent finding on lamin A/C, we have summarized the possible therapeutic interventions to treat cardiovascular symptoms and reverse the molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India; Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhavi Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Malladi Navya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India.
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3
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Odinammadu KO, Shilagardi K, Tuminelli K, Judge DP, Gordon LB, Michaelis S. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib improves nuclear morphology in ZMPSTE24-deficient fibroblasts from patients with the progeroid disorder MAD-B. Nucleus 2023; 14:2288476. [PMID: 38050983 PMCID: PMC10730222 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2288476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several related progeroid disorders are caused by defective post-translational processing of prelamin A, the precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. Prelamin A undergoes farnesylation and additional modifications at its C-terminus. Subsequently, the farnesylated C-terminal segment is cleaved off by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and a related progeroid disease, mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD-B), are caused by mutations in LMNA and ZMPSTE24, respectively, that result in failure to process the lamin A precursor and accumulate permanently farnesylated forms of prelamin A. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib is known to correct the aberrant nuclear morphology of HGPS patient cells and improves lifespan in children with HGPS. Importantly, and in contrast to a previous report, we show here that FTI treatment also improves the aberrant nuclear phenotypes in MAD-B patient cells with mutations in ZMPSTE24 (P248L or L425P). As expected, lonafarnib does not correct nuclear defects for cells with lamin A processing-proficient mutations. We also examine prelamin A processing in fibroblasts from two individuals with a prevalent laminopathy mutation LMNA-R644C. Despite the proximity of residue R644 to the prelamin A cleavage site, neither R644C patient cell line shows a prelamin A processing defect, and both have normal nuclear morphology. This work clarifies the prelamin A processing status and role of FTIs in a variety of laminopathy patient cells and supports the FDA-approved indication for the FTI Zokinvy for patients with processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies, but not for patients with processing-proficient laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamsi O. Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel P. Judge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leslie B. Gordon
- The Progeria Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Worman HJ, Michaelis S. Prelamin A and ZMPSTE24 in premature and physiological aging. Nucleus 2023; 14:2270345. [PMID: 37885131 PMCID: PMC10730219 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2270345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As human longevity increases, understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive aging becomes ever more critical to promote health and prevent age-related disorders. Premature aging disorders or progeroid syndromes can provide critical insights into aspects of physiological aging. A major cause of progeroid syndromes which result from mutations in the genes LMNA and ZMPSTE24 is disruption of the final posttranslational processing step in the production of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. LMNA encodes the lamin A precursor, prelamin A and ZMPSTE24 encodes the prelamin A processing enzyme, the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. Progeroid syndromes resulting from mutations in these genes include the clinically related disorders Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), mandibuloacral dysplasia-type B, and restrictive dermopathy. These diseases have features that overlap with one another and with some aspects of physiological aging, including bone defects resembling osteoporosis and atherosclerosis (the latter primarily in HGPS). The progeroid syndromes have ignited keen interest in the relationship between defective prelamin A processing and its accumulation in normal physiological aging. In this review, we examine the hypothesis that diminished processing of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24 is a driver of physiological aging. We review features a new mouse (LmnaL648R/L648R) that produces solely unprocessed prelamin A and provides an ideal model for examining the effects of its accumulation during aging. We also discuss existing data on the accumulation of prelamin A or its variants in human physiological aging, which call out for further validation and more rigorous experimental approaches to determine if prelamin A contributes to normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Kaufmann L, Pilic J, Auinger L, Mayer AL, Blatterer J, Semmler-Bruckner J, Abbas S, Rehman K, Ayaz M, Graier WF, Malli R, Petek E, Wagner K, Al Kaissi A, Khan MA, Windpassinger C. Analysis of a non-lethal biallelic frameshift mutation in ZMPSTE24 reveals utilization of alternative translation initiation codons. Clin Genet 2023; 104:491-496. [PMID: 37270786 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a lethal condition caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in ZMPSTE24, whereas mutations preserving residual enzymatic activity of the ZMPSTE24 protein lead to the milder mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy (MADB) phenotype. Remarkably, we identified a homozygous, presumably loss-of-function mutation in ZMPSTE24 [c.28_29insA, p.(Leu10Tyrfs*37)] in two consanguineous Pakistani families segregating MADB. To clarify how lethal consequences are prevented in affected individuals, functional analysis was performed. Expression experiments supported utilization of two alternative translation initiation sites, preventing complete loss of protein function consistent with the relatively mild phenotypic outcome in affected patients. One of these alternative start codons is newly formed at the insertion site. Our findings indicate that the creation of new potential start codons through N-terminal mutations in other disease-associated genes should generally be taken into consideration in the variant interpretation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kaufmann
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Auinger
- Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena Mayer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Blatterer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Semmler-Bruckner
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Petek
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Al Kaissi
- Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Speising Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Christian Windpassinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Hildebrandt ER, Sarkar A, Ravishankar R, Kim JH, Schmidt WK. A Humanized Yeast System for Evaluating the Protein Prenylation of a Wide Range of Human and Viral CaaX Sequences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558494. [PMID: 37786692 PMCID: PMC10541624 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal CaaX sequence (cysteine-aliphatic-aliphatic-any of several amino acids) is subject to isoprenylation on the conserved cysteine and is estimated to occur in 1-2% of proteins within yeast and human proteomes. Recently, non-canonical CaaX sequences in addition to shorter and longer length CaX and CaaaX sequences have been identified that can be prenylated. Much of the characterization of prenyltransferases has relied on the yeast system because of its genetic tractability and availability of reporter proteins, such as the a-factor mating pheromone, Ras GTPase, and Ydj1 Hsp40 chaperone. To compare the properties of yeast and human prenyltransferases, including the recently expanded target specificity of yeast farnesyltransferase, we have developed yeast strains that express human farnesyltransferase or geranylgeranyltransferase-I in lieu of their yeast counterparts. The humanized yeast strains display robust prenyltransferase activity that functionally replaces yeast prenyltransferase activity in a wide array of tests, including the prenylation of a wide variety of canonical and non-canonical human CaaX sequences, virus encoded CaaX sequences, non-canonical length sequences, and heterologously expressed human proteins HRas and DNAJA2. These results reveal highly overlapping substrate specificity for yeast and human farnesyltransferase, and mostly overlapping substrate specificity for GGTase-I. This yeast system is a valuable tool for further defining the prenylome of humans and other organisms, identifying proteins for which prenylation status has not yet been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushka Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia
| | | | - June H. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia
| | - Walter K. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia
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7
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Baltoumas FA, Sofras D, Apostolakou AE, Litou ZI, Iconomidou VA. NucEnvDB: A Database of Nuclear Envelope Proteins and Their Interactions. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 36676869 PMCID: PMC9861991 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a double-membrane system surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A large number of proteins are localized in the NE, performing a wide variety of functions, from the bidirectional exchange of molecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus to chromatin tethering, genome organization, regulation of signaling cascades, and many others. Despite its importance, several aspects of the NE, including its protein-protein interactions, remain understudied. In this work, we present NucEnvDB, a publicly available database of NE proteins and their interactions. Each database entry contains useful annotation including a description of its position in the NE, its interactions with other proteins, and cross-references to major biological repositories. In addition, the database provides users with a number of visualization and analysis tools, including the ability to construct and visualize protein-protein interaction networks and perform functional enrichment analysis for clusters of NE proteins and their interaction partners. The capabilities of NucEnvDB and its analysis tools are showcased by two informative case studies, exploring protein-protein interactions in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria and during SARS-CoV-2 infection at the level of the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis A. Baltoumas
- Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 34 Fleming St., 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sofras
- Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31—Box 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Avgi E. Apostolakou
- Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi I. Litou
- Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A. Iconomidou
- Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
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8
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Shilagardi K, Spear ED, Abraham R, Griffin DE, Michaelis S. The Integral Membrane Protein ZMPSTE24 Protects Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection and Syncytia Formation. mBio 2022; 13:e0254322. [PMID: 36197088 PMCID: PMC9601121 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02543-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating impact on global public health, emphasizing the importance of understanding innate immune mechanisms and cellular restriction factors that cells can harness to fight viral infections. The multimembrane-spanning zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is one such restriction factor. ZMPSTE24 has a well-characterized proteolytic role in the maturation of prelamin A, precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. An apparently unrelated role for ZMPSTE24 in viral defense involves its interaction with the interferon-inducible membrane proteins (IFITMs), which block virus-host cell fusion by rigidifying cellular membranes and thereby prevent viral infection. ZMPSTE24, like the IFITMs, defends cells against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, its ability to protect against coronaviruses has never been examined. Here, we show that overexpression of ZMPSTE24 reduces the efficiency of cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus and that genetic knockout or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous ZMPSTE24 enhances infectivity. We further demonstrate a protective role for ZMPSTE24 in a Spike-ACE2-dependent cell-cell fusion assay. In both assays, a catalytic dead version of ZMPSTE24 is equally as protective as the wild-type protein, indicating that ZMPSTE24's proteolytic activity is not required for defense against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we demonstrate by plaque assays that Zmpste24-/- mouse cells show enhanced infection by a genuine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). This study extends the range of viral protection afforded by ZMPSTE24 to include coronaviruses and suggests that targeting ZMPSTE24's mechanism of viral defense could have therapeutic benefit. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the importance of understanding intrinsic cellular components that can be harnessed as the cell's first line of defense to fight against viral infection. Our paper focuses on one such protein, the integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24, which interacts with interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). IFITMs interfere with virus entry by inhibiting fusion between viral and host cell membranes, and ZMPSTE24 appears to contribute to this inhibitory activity. ZMPSTE24 has been shown to defend cells against several, but not all, enveloped viruses. In this study, we extend ZMPSTE24's reach to include coronaviruses, by showing that ZMPSTE24 protects cells from SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, Spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, and infection by the mouse coronavirus MHV. This work lays the groundwork for further studies to decipher the mechanistic role of ZMPSTE24 in blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D. Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachy Abraham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Schaflinger E, Blatterer J, Khan AS, Kaufmann L, Auinger L, Tatrai B, Abbasi SW, Zeeshan Ali M, Abbasi AA, Al Kaissi A, Petek E, Wagner K, Ahmad Khan M, Windpassinger C. An exceptional biallelic N-terminal frame shift mutation in ZMPSTE24 leads to non-lethal progeria due to possible utilization of a downstream alternative start codon. Gene 2022; 833:146582. [PMID: 35597529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in ZMPSTE24 are known to be associated with autosomal recessive mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy (MADB) and lethal restrictive dermopathy (RD), respectively. Disease manifestation is depending on the remaining enzyme activity of the mutated ZMPSTE24 protein. To date, complete loss of function has exclusively been reported in RD cases. In this study, we identified a novel N-terminal homozygous frameshift mutation (c.28_29insA) in a consanguineous family segregating with MADB. An in-depth analysis of the mutated sequence revealed, that the one base pair insertion creates a novel downstream in-frame start codon, which supposedly serves as an alternative translation initiation site (TIS). This possible rescue mechanism would explain the relatively mild clinical outcome in the studied individuals. Our findings demonstrate the necessity for careful interpretation of N-terminal variants potentially effecting translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schaflinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jasmin Blatterer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Aiman Saeed Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lukas Kaufmann
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lisa Auinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Benjamin Tatrai
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- NUMS Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Ahmad Abbasi
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Petek
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Klaus Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Christian Windpassinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
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Sikder S, Arunkumar G, Melters DP, Dalal Y. Breaking the aging epigenetic barrier. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943519. [PMID: 35966762 PMCID: PMC9366916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inexorable event occurring universally for all organisms characterized by the progressive loss of cell function. However, less is known about the key events occurring inside the nucleus in the process of aging. The advent of chromosome capture techniques and extensive modern sequencing technologies have illuminated a rather dynamic structure of chromatin inside the nucleus. As cells advance along their life cycle, chromatin condensation states alter which leads to a different epigenetic landscape, correlated with modified gene expression. The exact factors mediating these changes in the chromatin structure and function remain elusive in the context of aging cells. The accumulation of DNA damage, reactive oxygen species and loss of genomic integrity as cells cease to divide can contribute to a tumor stimulating environment. In this review, we focus on genomic and epigenomic changes occurring in an aged cell which can contribute to age-related tumor formation.
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Hsu T, Yu P, Chang Y, Guevara BEK, Tsai M, Yang M, Tsai P, Lee JY, Chao S, Hsu C. Novel compound heterozygous indel
ZMPSTE24
mutations in a Taiwanese male infant with restrictive dermopathy. J Dermatol 2022; 49:e280-e282. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Chien Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsiu Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kuo General Hospital Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Han Chang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR) National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Bryan Edgar K. Guevara
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology Southern Philippines Medical Center Davao Philippines
| | - Meng‐Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Hui Yang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yin Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu‐Yun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Sheau‐Chiou Chao
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chao‐Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR) National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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12
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Abolishing the prelamin A ZMPSTE24 cleavage site leads to progeroid phenotypes with near-normal longevity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118695119. [PMID: 35197292 PMCID: PMC8892526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118695119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 removes the last 15 amino acids of prelamin A, including a farnesylated cysteine, to produce mature lamin A. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by a permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant lacking the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site. ZMPSTE24 loss of function leads to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A and causes progeroid disorders. Some studies have implicated prelamin A in physiological aging. We describe mice with an amino acid substitution in prelamin A that blocks the ZMPSTE24-catalyzed cleavage. These mice develop progeroid phenotypes but, in contrast to those modeling Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome or ZMPSTE24 deficiency, have near-normal lifespans, thus providing a model to study the effects of farnesylated prelamin A during aging. Prelamin A is a farnesylated precursor of lamin A, a nuclear lamina protein. Accumulation of the farnesylated prelamin A variant progerin, with an internal deletion including its processing site, causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in ZMPSTE24, which encodes the prelamin A processing enzyme, lead to accumulation of full-length farnesylated prelamin A and cause related progeroid disorders. Some data suggest that prelamin A also accumulates with physiological aging. Zmpste24−/− mice die young, at ∼20 wk. Because ZMPSTE24 has functions in addition to prelamin A processing, we generated a mouse model to examine effects solely due to the presence of permanently farnesylated prelamin A. These mice have an L648R amino acid substitution in prelamin A that blocks ZMPSTE24-catalyzed processing to lamin A. The LmnaL648R/L648R mice express only prelamin and no mature protein. Notably, nearly all survive to 65 to 70 wk, with ∼40% of male and 75% of female LmnaL648R/L648R mice having near-normal lifespans of 90 wk (almost 2 y). Starting at ∼10 wk of age, LmnaL648R/L648R mice of both sexes have lower body masses than controls. By ∼20 to 30 wk of age, they exhibit detectable cranial, mandibular, and dental defects similar to those observed in Zmpste24−/− mice and have decreased vertebral bone density compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Cultured embryonic fibroblasts from LmnaL648R/L648R mice have aberrant nuclear morphology that is reversible by treatment with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor. These novel mice provide a model to study the effects of farnesylated prelamin A during physiological aging.
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13
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Kawakami S, Yoshitane H, Morimura T, Kimura W, Fukada Y. Diurnal shift of mouse activity by the deficiency of an aging-related gene Lmna. J Biochem 2022; 171:509-518. [PMID: 35137145 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamina is a fundamental structure of the cell nucleus and regulates a wide range of molecular pathways. Defects of components of the nuclear lamina cause aging-like physiological disorders, called laminopathy. Generally, aging and diseases are often associated with perturbation of various time-of-day-dependent regulations, but it remains still elusive whether laminopathy induces any changes of the circadian clock and physiological rhythms. Here we demonstrated that deficiency of Lmna gene in mice caused an obvious shift of locomotor activities to the daytime. The abnormal activity profile was accompanied by a remarkable change in phase-angle between the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and lung peripheral clocks, leaving the phase of the SCN clock unaffected by the mutation. These observations suggest that Lmna deficiency causes a change of the habitat from nocturnal to diurnal behaviors. On the other hand, molecular oscillation and its phase resetting mechanism were intact in both the Lmna-deficient cells and progeria-mimicking cells. Intriguingly, high-fat diet feeding extended the short lifespan and ameliorated the abnormalities of the behaviors and the phase of the peripheral clock in the Lmna-deficient mice. The present study supports the important contribution of the energy conditions to a shift between the diurnal and nocturnal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakami
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Taiki Morimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minamimachi 2-2-3, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Circadian Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Abstract
The nuclear envelope is composed of the nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. Laminopathies are diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding protein components of the lamina and these other nuclear envelope substructures. Mutations in the single gene encoding lamin A and C, which are expressed in most differentiated somatic cells, cause diseases affecting striated muscle, adipose tissue, peripheral nerve, and multiple systems with features of accelerated aging. Mutations in genes encoding other nuclear envelope proteins also cause an array of diseases that selectively affect different tissues or organs. In some instances, the molecular and cellular consequences of laminopathy-causing mutations are known. However, even when these are understood, mechanisms explaining specific tissue or organ pathology remain enigmatic. Current mechanistic hypotheses focus on how alterations in the nuclear envelope may affect gene expression, including via the regulation of signaling pathways, or cellular mechanics, including responses to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J. Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Coppedè F. Mutations Involved in Premature-Ageing Syndromes. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:279-295. [PMID: 34103969 PMCID: PMC8180271 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s273525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Premature-ageing syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders resembling features of accelerated ageing and resulting from mutations in genes coding for proteins required for nuclear lamina architecture, DNA repair and maintenance of genome stability, mitochondrial function and other cellular processes. Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) are two of the best-characterized progeroid syndromes referred to as childhood- and adulthood-progeria, respectively. This article provides an updated overview of the mutations leading to HGPS, WS, and to the spectrum of premature-ageing laminopathies ranging in severity from congenital restrictive dermopathy (RD) to adult-onset atypical WS, including RD-like laminopathies, typical and atypical HGPS, more and less severe forms of mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD), Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome (NGPS), atypical WS, and atypical progeroid syndromes resembling features of HGPS and/or MAD but resulting from impaired DNA repair or mitochondrial functions, including mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome and mandibuloacral dysplasia associated to MTX2 (MADaM). The overlapping signs and symptoms among different premature-ageing syndromes, resulting from both a large genetic heterogeneity and shared pathological pathways underlying these conditions, require an expert clinical evaluation in specialized centers paralleled by next-generation sequencing of panels of genes involved in these disorders in order to establish as early as possible an accurate clinical and molecular diagnosis for a proper patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Structure-Function Characterization of the Conserved Regulatory Mechanism of the Escherichia coli M48 Metalloprotease BepA. J Bacteriol 2020; 203:JB.00434-20. [PMID: 33106348 PMCID: PMC7950410 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00434-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
M48 metalloproteases are widely distributed in all domains of life. E. coli possesses four members of this family located in multiple cellular compartments. The functions of these proteases are not well understood. Recent investigations revealed that one family member, BepA, has an important role in the maturation of a central component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biogenesis machinery. Here, we present the structure of BepA and the results of a structure-guided mutagenesis strategy, which reveal the key residues required for activity that inform how all M48 metalloproteases function. The asymmetric Gram-negative outer membrane (OM) is the first line of defense for bacteria against environmental insults and attack by antimicrobials. The key component of the OM is lipopolysaccharide, which is transported to the surface by the essential lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) system. Correct folding of the Lpt system component LptD is regulated by a periplasmic metalloprotease, BepA. Here, we present the crystal structure of BepA from Escherichia coli, solved to a resolution of 2.18 Å, in which the M48 protease active site is occluded by an active-site plug. Informed by our structure, we demonstrate that free movement of the active-site plug is essential for BepA function, suggesting that the protein is autoregulated by the active-site plug, which is conserved throughout the M48 metalloprotease family. Targeted mutagenesis of conserved residues reveals that the negative pocket and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) cavity are required for function and degradation of the BAM complex component BamA under conditions of stress. Last, we show that loss of BepA causes disruption of OM lipid asymmetry, leading to surface exposed phospholipid. IMPORTANCE M48 metalloproteases are widely distributed in all domains of life. E. coli possesses four members of this family located in multiple cellular compartments. The functions of these proteases are not well understood. Recent investigations revealed that one family member, BepA, has an important role in the maturation of a central component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biogenesis machinery. Here, we present the structure of BepA and the results of a structure-guided mutagenesis strategy, which reveal the key residues required for activity that inform how all M48 metalloproteases function.
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18
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Wood KM, Spear ED, Mossberg OW, Odinammadu KO, Xu W, Michaelis S. Defining substrate requirements for cleavage of farnesylated prelamin A by the integral membrane zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239269. [PMID: 33315887 PMCID: PMC7735620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 plays a key role in the proteolytic processing of farnesylated prelamin A, the precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. Failure of this processing step results in the accumulation of permanently farnesylated forms of prelamin A which cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), as well as related progeroid disorders, and may also play a role in physiological aging. ZMPSTE24 is an intriguing and unusual protease because its active site is located inside of a closed intramembrane chamber formed by seven transmembrane spans with side portals in the chamber permitting substrate entry. The specific features of prelamin A that make it the sole known substrate for ZMPSTE24 in mammalian cells are not well-defined. At the outset of this work it was known that farnesylation is essential for prelamin A cleavage in vivo and that the C-terminal region of prelamin A (41 amino acids) is sufficient for recognition and processing. Here we investigated additional features of prelamin A that are required for cleavage by ZMPSTE24 using a well-established humanized yeast system. We analyzed the 14-residue C-terminal region of prelamin A that lies between the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site and the farnesylated cysteine, as well 23-residue region N-terminal to the cleavage site, by generating a series of alanine substitutions, alanine additions, and deletions in prelamin A. Surprisingly, we found that there is considerable flexibility in specific requirements for the length and composition of these regions. We discuss how this flexibility can be reconciled with ZMPSTE24’s selectivity for prelamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Wood
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Otto W. Mossberg
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kamsi O. Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Babatz TD, Spear ED, Xu W, Sun OL, Nie L, Carpenter EP, Michaelis S. Site specificity determinants for prelamin A cleavage by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100165. [PMID: 33293369 PMCID: PMC7948416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is important for human health and longevity. ZMPSTE24 performs a key proteolytic step in maturation of prelamin A, the farnesylated precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. Mutations in the genes encoding either prelamin A or ZMPSTE24 that prevent cleavage cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid disorders. ZMPSTE24 has a novel structure, with seven transmembrane spans that form a large water-filled membrane chamber whose catalytic site faces the chamber interior. Prelamin A is the only known mammalian substrate for ZMPSTE24; however, the basis of this specificity remains unclear. To define the sequence requirements for ZMPSTE24 cleavage, we mutagenized the eight residues flanking the prelamin A scissile bond (TRSY↓LLGN) to all other 19 amino acids, creating a library of 152 variants. We also replaced these eight residues with sequences derived from putative ZMPSTE24 cleavage sites from amphibian, bird, and fish prelamin A. Cleavage of prelamin A variants was assessed using an in vivo yeast assay that provides a sensitive measure of ZMPSTE24 processing efficiency. We found that residues on the C-terminal side of the cleavage site are most sensitive to changes. Consistent with other zinc metalloproteases, including thermolysin, ZMPSTE24 preferred hydrophobic residues at the P1’ position (Leu647), but in addition, showed a similar, albeit muted, pattern at P2’. Our findings begin to define a consensus sequence for ZMPSTE24 that helps to clarify how this physiologically important protease functions and may ultimately lead to identifying additional substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Babatz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia L Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Laiyin Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA.
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20
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D’Apice MR, De Dominicis A, Murdocca M, Amati F, Botta A, Sangiuolo F, Lattanzi G, Federici M, Novelli G. Cutaneous and metabolic defects associated with nuclear abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model expressing R527H lamin A mutation causing mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) syndrome. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:320-335. [PMID: 33458588 PMCID: PMC7783430 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes for lamin A/C, attractive proteins linked to nuclear structure and functions. When mutated, it causes different rare diseases called laminopathies. In particular, an Arginine change in Histidine in position 527 (p.Arg527His) falling in the C-terminal domain of lamin A precursor form (prelamin A) causes mandibuloacral dysplasia Type A (MADA), a segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by skin, bone and metabolic anomalies. The well-characterized cellular models made difficult to assess the tissue-specific functions of 527His prelamin A. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a MADA transgenic mouse overexpressing 527His LMNA gene, encoding mutated prelamin A. Bodyweight is slightly affected, while no difference in lifespan was observed in transgenic animals. Mild metabolic anomalies and thinning and loss of hairs from the back were the other observed phenotypic MADA manifestations. Histological analysis of tissues relevant for MADA syndrome revealed slight increase in adipose tissue inflammatory cells and a reduction of hypodermis due to a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. At cellular levels, transgenic cutaneous fibroblasts displayed nuclear envelope aberrations, presence of prelamin A, proliferation, and senescence rate defects. Gene transcriptional pattern was found differentially modulated between transgenic and wildtype animals, too. In conclusion, the presence of 527His Prelamin A accumulation is further linked to the appearance of mild progeroid features and metabolic disorder without lifespan reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Neuromed IRCCS Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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21
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D'Apice MR, De Dominicis A, Murdocca M, Amati F, Botta A, Sangiuolo F, Lattanzi G, Federici M, Novelli G. Cutaneous and metabolic defects associated with nuclear abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model expressing R527H lamin A mutation causing mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) syndrome. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39. [PMID: 33458588 PMCID: PMC7783430 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-036&set/a 907644967+854571971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes for lamin A/C, attractive proteins linked to nuclear structure and functions. When mutated, it causes different rare diseases called laminopathies. In particular, an Arginine change in Histidine in position 527 (p.Arg527His) falling in the C-terminal domain of lamin A precursor form (prelamin A) causes mandibuloacral dysplasia Type A (MADA), a segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by skin, bone and metabolic anomalies. The well-characterized cellular models made difficult to assess the tissue-specific functions of 527His prelamin A. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a MADA transgenic mouse overexpressing 527His LMNA gene, encoding mutated prelamin A. Bodyweight is slightly affected, while no difference in lifespan was observed in transgenic animals. Mild metabolic anomalies and thinning and loss of hairs from the back were the other observed phenotypic MADA manifestations. Histological analysis of tissues relevant for MADA syndrome revealed slight increase in adipose tissue inflammatory cells and a reduction of hypodermis due to a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. At cellular levels, transgenic cutaneous fibroblasts displayed nuclear envelope aberrations, presence of prelamin A, proliferation, and senescence rate defects. Gene transcriptional pattern was found differentially modulated between transgenic and wildtype animals, too. In conclusion, the presence of 527His Prelamin A accumulation is further linked to the appearance of mild progeroid features and metabolic disorder without lifespan reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neuromed IRCCS Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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22
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Marcelot A, Worman HJ, Zinn-Justin S. Protein structural and mechanistic basis of progeroid laminopathies. FEBS J 2020; 288:2757-2772. [PMID: 32799420 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progeroid laminopathies are characterized by the premature appearance of certain signs of physiological aging in a subset of tissues. They are caused by mutations in genes coding for A-type lamins or lamin-binding proteins. Here, we review how different mutations causing progeroid laminopathies alter protein structure or protein-protein interactions and how these impact on mechanisms that protect cell viability and function. One group of progeroid laminopathies, which includes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, is characterized by accumulation of unprocessed prelamin A or variants. These are caused by mutations in the A-type lamin gene (LMNA), altering prelamin A itself, or in ZMPSTE24, encoding an endoprotease involved in its processing. The abnormally expressed farnesylated proteins impact on various cellular processes that may contribute to progeroid phenotypes. Other LMNA mutations lead to the production of nonfarnesylated A-type lamin variants with amino acid substitutions in solvent-exposed hot spots located mainly in coil 1B and the immunoglobulin fold domain. Dominant missense mutations might reinforce interactions between lamin domains, thus giving rise to excessively stabilized filament networks. Recessive missense mutations in A-type lamins and barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) causing progeroid disorders are found at the interface between these interacting proteins. The amino acid changes decrease the binding affinity of A-type lamins for BAF, which may contribute to lamina disorganization, as well as defective repair of mechanically induced nuclear envelope rupture. Targeting these molecular alterations in A-type lamins and associated proteins identified through structural biology studies could facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies to treat patients with rare but severe progeroid laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Marcelot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Uni Paris-Sud, Uni Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Uni Paris-Sud, Uni Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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23
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Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Lattanzi G. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101073. [PMID: 32446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Changes, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Hosomi A, Iida K, Cho T, Iida H, Kaneko M, Suzuki T. The ER-associated protease Ste24 prevents N-terminal signal peptide-independent translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10406-10419. [PMID: 32513868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble proteins destined for the secretory pathway contain an N-terminal signal peptide that induces their translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The importance of N-terminal signal peptides for ER translocation has been extensively examined over the past few decades. However, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a few proteins devoid of a signal peptide are still translocated into the ER and then N-glycosyl-ated. Using signal peptide-truncated reporter proteins, here we report the detection of significant translocation of N-terminal signal peptide-truncated proteins in a yeast mutant strain (ste24Δ) that lacks the endopeptidase Ste24 at the ER membrane. Furthermore, several ER/cytosolic proteins, including Sec61, Sec66, and Sec72, were identified as being involved in the translocation process. On the basis of screening for 20 soluble proteins that may be N-glycosylated in the ER in the ste24Δ strain, we identified the transcription factor Rme1 as a protein that is partially N-glycosylated despite the lack of a signal peptide. These results clearly indicate that some proteins lacking a signal peptide can be translocated into the ER and that Ste24 typically suppresses this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hosomi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuko Iida
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Cho
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Iida
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kaneko
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Goblirsch BR, Wiener MC. Ste24: An Integral Membrane Protein Zinc Metalloprotease with Provocative Structure and Emergent Biology. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5079-5090. [PMID: 32199981 PMCID: PMC7172729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ste24, an integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease, is found in every kingdom of eukaryotes. It was discovered approximately 20 years ago by yeast genetic screens identifying it as a factor responsible for processing the yeast mating a-factor pheromone. In animals, Ste24 processes prelamin A, a component of the nuclear lamina; mutations in the human ortholog of Ste24 diminish its activity, giving rise to genetic diseases of accelerated aging (progerias). Additionally, lipodystrophy, acquired from the standard highly active antiretroviral therapy used to treat AIDS patients, likely results from off-target interactions of HIV (aspartyl) protease inhibitor drugs with Ste24. Ste24 possesses a novel “α-barrel” structure, consisting of a ring of seven transmembrane α-helices enclosing a large (> 12,000 Å3) interior volume that contains the active-site and substrate-binding region; this “membrane-interior reaction chamber” is unprecedented in integral membrane protein structures. Additionally, the surface of the membrane-interior reaction chamber possesses a strikingly large negative electrostatic surface potential, adding additional “functional mystery.” Recent publications implicate Ste24 as a key factor in several endoplasmic reticulum processes, including the unfolded protein response, a cellular stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum, and removal of misfolded proteins from the translocon. Ste24, with its provocative structure, enigmatic mechanism, and recently emergent new biological roles including “translocon unclogger” and (non-enyzmatic) broad-spectrum viral restriction factor, presents far differently than before 2016, when it was viewed as a “CAAX protease” responsible for cleavage of prenylated (farnesylated or geranylgeranylated) substrates. The emphasis of this review is on Ste24 of the “Post-CAAX-Protease Era.” Ste24 is a eukaryotic integral membrane protein of novel structure. Ste24 is a gluzincin ZMP whose structure/function relationships are poorly explored. ZMP core, ZMP accessory, and “ɑ-barrel modules form the Ste24 tripartite architecture. Emergent biology of Ste24 includes roles as a translocon unclogger and a viral restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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26
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Heizer PJ, Yang Y, Tu Y, Kim PH, Chen NY, Hu Y, Yoshinaga Y, de Jong PJ, Vergnes L, Morales JE, Li RL, Jackson N, Reue K, Young SG, Fong LG. Deficiency in ZMPSTE24 and resulting farnesyl-prelamin A accumulation only modestly affect mouse adipose tissue stores. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:413-421. [PMID: 31941672 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (ZMPSTE24) is essential for the conversion of farnesyl-prelamin A to mature lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. In the absence of ZMPSTE24, farnesyl-prelamin A accumulates in the nucleus and exerts toxicity, causing a variety of disease phenotypes. By ∼4 months of age, both male and female Zmpste24 -/- mice manifest a near-complete loss of adipose tissue, but it has never been clear whether this phenotype is a direct consequence of farnesyl-prelamin A toxicity in adipocytes. To address this question, we generated a conditional knockout Zmpste24 allele and used it to create adipocyte-specific Zmpste24-knockout mice. To boost farnesyl-prelamin A levels, we bred in the "prelamin A-only" Lmna allele. Gene expression, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that adipose tissue in these mice had decreased Zmpste24 expression along with strikingly increased accumulation of prelamin A. In male mice, Zmpste24 deficiency in adipocytes was accompanied by modest changes in adipose stores (an 11% decrease in body weight, a 23% decrease in body fat mass, and significantly smaller gonadal and inguinal white adipose depots). No changes in adipose stores were detected in female mice, likely because prelamin A expression in adipose tissue is lower in female mice. Zmpste24 deficiency in adipocytes did not alter the number of macrophages in adipose tissue, nor did it alter plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, or fatty acids. We conclude that ZMPSTE24 deficiency in adipocytes, and the accompanying accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A, reduces adipose tissue stores, but only modestly and only in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Heizer
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ye Yang
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Paul H Kim
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Natalie Y Chen
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yan Hu
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Pieter J de Jong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jazmin E Morales
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert L Li
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Karen Reue
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stephen G Young
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 .,Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Loren G Fong
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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27
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Goblirsch BR, Pryor EE, Wiener MC. The tripartite architecture of the eukaryotic integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease Ste24. Proteins 2019; 88:604-615. [PMID: 31644822 PMCID: PMC7168092 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ste24 enzymes, a family of eukaryotic integral membrane proteins, are zinc metalloproteases (ZMPs) originally characterized as “CAAX proteases” targeting prenylated substrates, including a‐factor mating pheromone in yeast and prelamin A in humans. Recently, Ste24 was shown to also cleave nonprenylated substrates. Reduced activity of the human ortholog, HsSte24, is linked to multiple disease states (laminopathies), including progerias and lipid disorders. Ste24 possesses a unique “α‐barrel” structure consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) α‐helices encircling a large intramembranous cavity (~14 000 Å3). The catalytic zinc, coordinated via a HExxH…E/H motif characteristic of gluzincin ZMPs, is positioned at one of the cavity's bases. The interrelationship between Ste24 as a gluzincin, a long‐studied class of soluble ZMPs, and as a novel cavity‐containing integral membrane protein protease has been minimally explored to date. Informed by homology to well‐characterized soluble, gluzincin ZMPs, we develop a model of Ste24 that provides a conceptual framework for this enzyme family, suitable for development and interpretation of structure/function studies. The model consists of an interfacial, zinc‐containing “ZMP Core” module surrounded by a “ZMP Accessory” module, both capped by a TM helical “α‐barrel” module of as yet unknown function. Multiple sequence alignment of 58 Ste24 orthologs revealed 38 absolutely conserved residues, apportioned unequally among the ZMP Core (18), ZMP Accessory (13), and α‐barrel (7) modules. This Tripartite Architecture representation of Ste24 provides a unified image of this enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edward E Pryor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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28
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Horvath S, Oshima J, Martin GM, Lu AT, Quach A, Cohen H, Felton S, Matsuyama M, Lowe D, Kabacik S, Wilson JG, Reiner AP, Maierhofer A, Flunkert J, Aviv A, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Li Y, Stewart JD, Whitsel EA, Ferrucci L, Matsuyama S, Raj K. Epigenetic clock for skin and blood cells applied to Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and ex vivo studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1758-1775. [PMID: 30048243 PMCID: PMC6075434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers of aging have been developed for many tissues and organs. However, these biomarkers have sub-optimal accuracy in fibroblasts and other cell types used in ex vivo studies. To address this challenge, we developed a novel and highly robust DNAm age estimator (based on 391 CpGs) for human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, buccal cells, endothelial cells, lymphoblastoid cells, skin, blood, and saliva samples. High age correlations can also be observed in sorted neurons, glia, brain, liver, and even bone samples. Gestational age correlates with DNAm age in cord blood. When used on fibroblasts from Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome patients, this age estimator (referred to as the skin & blood clock) uncovered an epigenetic age acceleration with a magnitude that is below the sensitivity levels of other DNAm-based biomarkers. Furthermore, this highly sensitive age estimator accurately tracked the dynamic aging of cells cultured ex vivo and revealed that their proliferation is accompanied by a steady increase in epigenetic age. The skin & blood clock predicts lifespan and it relates to many age-related conditions. Overall, this biomarker is expected to become useful for forensic applications (e.g. blood or buccal swabs) and for a quantitative ex vivo human cell aging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Austin Quach
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Howard Cohen
- Elizabeth House, Warlingham, Surrey CR6 9LF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Felton
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mieko Matsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Donna Lowe
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sylwia Kabacik
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna Maierhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Flunkert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Genetics, Biostatistics, Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shigemi Matsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (H.J.W.).
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.M.)
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30
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Östlund C, Chang W, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins and defective nucleocytoplasmic connections. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1333-1344. [PMID: 31299860 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219862243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to a broad range of inherited diseases affecting different tissues and organs. These diseases are often referred to as laminopathies. Scientists have yet to elucidate exactly how pathogenic mutations leading to alteration of a nuclear envelope protein cause disease. Our relatively recent research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may explain, at least in part, pathogenic mechanisms underlying laminopathies.Impact statementMutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to several diseases affecting different tissues and organs. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases, often called laminopathies, remain poorly understood. Increased knowledge of the functions of different nuclear envelope proteins and the interactions between them is crucial to elucidate these disease mechanisms. Our research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of laminopathies and provide novel targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Östlund
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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31
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Jiang Z, Chen W, Zhou J, Peng Q, Zheng H, Yuan Y, Cui H, Zhao W, Sun X, Zhou Z, Liu X. Identification of COMMD1 as a novel lamin A binding partner. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1790-1796. [PMID: 31257505 PMCID: PMC6625409 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A, which is encoded by the LMNA gene, regulates gene expression and genome stability through interactions with a variety of proteins. Mutations in LMNA lead to a diverse set of inherited human diseases, collectively referred to as laminopathies. To gain insight into the protein interactions of lamin A, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using the carboxy-terminus of lamin A. The screen identified copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 1 (COMMD1) as a novel lamin A binding partner. Colocalization experiments using fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that COMMD1 colocalized with lamin A in 293 cells. Furthermore, the COMMD1-lamin A protein interaction was also demonstrated in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Collectively, the present study demonstrated a physical interaction between COMMD1 and lamin A, which may aid to elucidate the mechanisms of lamin A in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jiang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Qi Peng
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Cui
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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32
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Fregno I, Molinari M. Proteasomal and lysosomal clearance of faulty secretory proteins: ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) pathways. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:153-163. [PMID: 31084437 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1610351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
About 40% of the eukaryotic cell's proteins are inserted co- or post-translationally in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they attain the native structure under the assistance of resident molecular chaperones and folding enzymes. Subsequently, these proteins are secreted from cells or are transported to their sites of function at the plasma membrane or in organelles of the secretory and endocytic compartments. Polypeptides that are not delivered within the ER (mis-localized proteins, MLPs) are rapidly destroyed by cytosolic proteasomes, with intervention of the membrane protease ZMPSTE24 if they remained trapped in the SEC61 translocation machinery. Proteins that enter the ER, but fail to attain the native structure are rapidly degraded to prevent toxic accumulation of aberrant gene products. The ER does not contain degradative devices and the majority of misfolded proteins generated in this biosynthetic compartment are dislocated across the membrane for degradation by cytosolic 26S proteasomes by mechanisms and pathways collectively defined as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Proteins that do not engage ERAD factors, that enter aggregates or polymers, are too large, display chimico/physical features that prevent dislocation across the ER membrane (ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins) are delivered to endo-lysosome for clearance, by mechanisms and pathways collectively defined as ER-to-lysosomes-associated degradation (ERLAD). Emerging evidences lead us to propose ERLAD as an umbrella term that includes the autophagic and non-autophagic pathways activated and engaged by ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins generated in the ER for delivery to degradative endo-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fregno
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona , Switzerland.,b School of Life Sciences , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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33
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Armando RG, Mengual Gomez DL, Maggio J, Sanmartin MC, Gomez DE. Telomeropathies: Etiology, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ethical and legal considerations. Clin Genet 2019; 96:3-16. [PMID: 30820928 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeropathies involve a wide variety of infrequent genetic diseases caused by mutations in the telomerase maintenance mechanism or the DNA damage response (DDR) system. They are considered a family of rare diseases that often share causes, molecular mechanisms and symptoms. Generally, these diseases are not diagnosed until the symptoms are advanced, diminishing the survival time of patients. Although several related syndromes may still be unrecognized this work describes those that are known, highlighting that because they are rare diseases, physicians should be trained in their early diagnosis. The etiology and diagnosis are discussed for each telomeropathy and the treatments when available, along with a new classification of this group of diseases. Ethical and legal issues related to this group of diseases are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina G Armando
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L Mengual Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Sanmartin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spear ED, Alford RF, Babatz TD, Wood KM, Mossberg OW, Odinammadu K, Shilagardi K, Gray JJ, Michaelis S. A humanized yeast system to analyze cleavage of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24. Methods 2019; 157:47-55. [PMID: 30625386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamins A, B, and C are intermediate filament proteins that form a nuclear scaffold adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane in higher eukaryotes, providing structural support for the nucleus. In the past two decades it has become evident that the final step in the biogenesis of the mature lamin A from its precursor prelamin A by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 plays a critical role in human health. Defects in prelamin A processing by ZMPSTE24 result in premature aging disorders including Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid diseases. Additional evidence suggests that defects in prelamin A processing, due to diminished ZMPSTE24 expression or activity, may also drive normal physiological aging. Because of the important connection between prelamin A processing and human aging, there is increasing interest in how ZMPSTE24 specifically recognizes and cleaves its substrate prelamin A, encoded by LMNA. Here, we describe two humanized yeast systems we have recently developed to examine ZMPSTE24 processing of prelamin A. These systems differ from one another slightly. Version 1.0 is optimized to analyze ZMPSTE24 mutations, including disease alleles that may affect the function or stability of the protease. Using this system, we previously showed that some ZMPSTE24 disease alleles that affect stability can be rescued by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which may have therapeutic implications. Version 2.0 is designed to analyze LMNA mutations at or near the ZMPSTE24 processing site to assess whether they permit or impede prelamin A processing. Together these systems offer powerful methodology to study ZMPSTE24 disease alleles and to dissect the specific residues and features of the lamin A tail that are required for recognition and cleavage by the ZMPSTE24 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca F Alford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tim D Babatz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Wood
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Otto W Mossberg
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kamsi Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Hsu ET, Vervacke JS, Distefano MD, Hrycyna CA. A Quantitative FRET Assay for the Upstream Cleavage Activity of the Integral Membrane Proteases Human ZMPSTE24 and Yeast Ste24. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2009:279-293. [PMID: 31152411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9532-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24 plays an important role in the lamin A maturation pathway. ZMPSTE24 is the only known enzyme to cleave the last 15 residues from the C-terminus of prelamin A, including a farnesylated and carboxyl methylated cysteine. Mutations in ZMPSTE24 lead to progeroid diseases with abnormal prelamin A accumulation in the nucleus. Ste24 is the yeast functional homolog of ZMPSTE24 and similarly cleaves the a-factor pheromone precursor during its posttranslational maturation. To complement established qualitative techniques used to detect the upstream enzymatic cleavage by ZMPSTE24 and Ste24, including gel-shift assays and mass spectrometry analyses, we developed an enzymatic in vitro FRET-based assay to quantitatively measure the upstream cleavage activities of these two enzymes. This assay uses either purified enzyme or enzyme in crude membrane preparations and a 33-amino acid a-factor analog peptide that is a substrate for both Ste24 and ZMPSTE24. This peptide contains a fluorophore (2-aminobenzoic acid-Abz) at its N-terminus and a quencher moiety (dinitrophenol-DNP) positioned four residues downstream from the cleavage site. Upon cleavage, a fluorescent signal is generated in real time at 420 nm that is proportional to cleavage of the peptide and these kinetic data are used to quantify activity. This assay should provide a useful tool for kinetic analysis and for studying the catalytic mechanism of both ZMPSTE24 and Ste24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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La Torre M, Merigliano C, Burla R, Mottini C, Zanetti G, Del Giudice S, Carcuro M, Virdia I, Bucciarelli E, Manni I, Vinciguerra GR, Piaggio G, Riminucci M, Cumano A, Bartolazzi A, Vernì F, Soddu S, Gatti M, Saggio I. Mice with reduced expression of the telomere-associated protein Ft1 develop p53-sensitive progeroid traits. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12730. [PMID: 29635765 PMCID: PMC6052474 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human AKTIP and mouse Ft1 are orthologous ubiquitin E2 variant proteins involved in telomere maintenance and DNA replication. AKTIP also interacts with A‐ and B‐type lamins. These features suggest that Ft1 may be implicated in aging regulatory pathways. Here, we show that cells derived from hypomorph Ft1 mutant (Ft1kof/kof) mice exhibit telomeric defects and that Ft1kof/kof animals develop progeroid traits, including impaired growth, skeletal and skin defects, abnormal heart tissue, and sterility. We also demonstrate a genetic interaction between Ft1 and p53. The analysis of mice carrying mutations in both Ft1 and p53 (Ft1kof/kof; p53ko/ko and Ft1kof/kof; p53+/ko) showed that reduction in p53 rescues the progeroid traits of Ft1 mutants, suggesting that they are at least in part caused by a p53‐dependent DNA damage response. Conversely, Ft1 reduction alters lymphomagenesis in p53 mutant mice. These results identify Ft1 as a new player in the aging process and open the way to the analysis of its interactions with other progeria genes using the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia La Torre
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Romina Burla
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Carla Mottini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Simona Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Mariateresa Carcuro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Ilaria Virdia
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | | | - Isabella Manni
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | | | - Giulia Piaggio
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphopoiesis Unit; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | | | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Gatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR; Rome Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR; Rome Italy
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Goblirsch BR, Arachea BT, Councell DJ, Wiener MC. Phosphoramidon inhibits the integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2018; 74:739-747. [PMID: 30082509 PMCID: PMC6079626 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 possesses a completely novel structure, comprising seven long kinked transmembrane helices that encircle a voluminous 14 000 Å3 cavity within the membrane. Functionally conserved soluble zinc metalloprotease residues are contained within this cavity. As part of an effort to understand the structural and functional relationships between ZMPSTE24 and soluble zinc metalloproteases, the inhibition of ZMPSTE24 by phosphoramidon [N-(α-rhamnopyranosyl-oxyhydroxyphosphinyl)-Leu-Trp], a transition-state analog and competitive inhibitor of multiple soluble zinc metalloproteases, especially gluzincins, has been characterized functionally and structurally. The functional results, the determination of preliminary IC50 values by the use of an intramolecular quenched-fluorescence fluorogenic peptide assay, indicate that phosphoramidon inhibits ZMPSTE24 in a manner consistent with competitive inhibition. The structural results, a 3.85 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of a ZMPSTE24-phosphoramidon complex, indicate that the overall binding mode observed between phosphoramidon and soluble gluzincins is conserved. Based on the structural data, a significantly lower potency than that observed for soluble gluzincins such as thermolysin and neprilysin is predicted. These results strongly suggest a close relationship between soluble gluzincins and the integral membrane protein zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Goblirsch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0886, USA
| | - Buenafe T. Arachea
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0886, USA
| | - Daniel J. Councell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0886, USA
| | - Michael C. Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0886, USA
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Spear ED, Hsu ET, Nie L, Carpenter EP, Hrycyna CA, Michaelis S. ZMPSTE24 missense mutations that cause progeroid diseases decrease prelamin A cleavage activity and/or protein stability. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033670. [PMID: 29794150 PMCID: PMC6078402 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is an integral membrane protein crucial for the final step in the biogenesis of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. After farnesylation and carboxyl methylation of its C-terminal CAAX motif, the lamin A precursor (prelamin A) undergoes proteolytic removal of its modified C-terminal 15 amino acids by ZMPSTE24. Mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 that impede this prelamin A cleavage step cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), and the related progeroid disorders mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MAD-B) and restrictive dermopathy (RD). Here, we report the development of a ‘humanized yeast system’ to assay ZMPSTE24-dependent cleavage of prelamin A and examine the eight known disease-associated ZMPSTE24 missense mutations. All mutations show diminished prelamin A processing and fall into three classes, with defects in activity, protein stability or both. Notably, some ZMPSTE24 mutants can be rescued by deleting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Doa10, involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of misfolded membrane proteins, or by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. This finding may have important therapeutic implications for some patients. We also show that ZMPSTE24-mediated prelamin A cleavage can be uncoupled from the recently discovered role of ZMPSTE24 in clearance of ER membrane translocon-clogged substrates. Together with the crystal structure of ZMPSTE24, this humanized yeast system can guide structure-function studies to uncover mechanisms of prelamin A cleavage, translocon unclogging, and membrane protein folding and stability. Summary: The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 performs the final step of prelamin A processing. Here, a yeast-based system shows differences in protein stability and activity for alleles of ZMPSTE24 that cause progeria disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Laiyin Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wang LR, Radonjic A, Dilliott AA, McIntyre AD, Hegele RA. A De Novo POLD1 Mutation Associated With Mandibular Hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid Features, and Lipodystrophy Syndrome in a Family With Werner Syndrome. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018; 6:2324709618786770. [PMID: 30023403 PMCID: PMC6047234 DOI: 10.1177/2324709618786770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a recently recognized genetic disorder comprised of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy. It is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the POLD1 gene, with <20 genetically confirmed cases to date. Clinical overlap with other progeroid syndromes including Werner syndrome (WS) can present diagnostic challenges. Case. The proband is a 36-year-old male of Sicilian ancestry who was phenotypically normal at birth. Onset of lipodystrophic and progeroid features began at 18 months, with progressive loss of subcutaneous fat, prominent eyes, and pinched nose. Over the next 2 decades, he developed hearing loss, small fingers, joint contractures, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, and hypertriglyceridemia. Three of his 4 siblings had premature hair graying and loss, severe bilateral cataracts, skin changes, and varying degrees of age-related metabolic conditions, raising suspicion for a genetic progeroid syndrome. Genetic Analysis. A targeted sequencing panel identified a heterozygous WRN mutation in the proband’s genomic DNA. Sanger sequencing further revealed his parents and an asymptomatic brother to be carriers of this mutation, and in his 3 brothers affected with classic WS the mutation was identified in the homozygous state. Whole exome sequencing ultimately revealed the proband harbored the causative de novo in-frame deletion in POLD1 (p.Ser605del), which is the most common mutation in MDPL patients. Conclusion. We report the unusual convergence of 2 rare progeroid disorders in the same family: the proband displayed sporadic MDPL syndrome, while 3 brothers had classical autosomal recessive WS. Whole exome sequencing was invaluable in clarifying the molecular diagnoses in this family.
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A novel in-frame deletion in ZMPSTE24 is associated with autosomal recessive acrogeria (Gottron type) in an extended consanguineous family. Clin Dysmorphol 2018; 27:88-90. [PMID: 29595749 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Del Campo L, Hamczyk MR, Andrés V, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Mechanisms of vascular aging: What can we learn from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome? CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:120-132. [PMID: 29602596 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased prevalence of CVD is partly due to the global increase in life expectancy. In this context, it is essential to identify the mechanisms by which aging induces CVD, with the ultimate aim of reducing its incidence. Both atherosclerosis and heart failure significantly contribute to age-associated CVD morbidity and mortality. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the synthesis of progerin, which is noted for accelerated aging and CVD. This mutant form of prelamin A induces generalised atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities, leading to premature aging and death, mainly due to myocardial infarction and stroke. This review discusses the main vascular structural and functional abnormalities during physiological and premature aging, as well as the mechanisms involved in the exacerbated CVD and accelerated aging induced by the accumulation of progerin and prelamin A. Both proteins are expressed in non-HGPS individuals, and physiological aging shares many features of progeria. Research into HGPS could therefore shed light on novel mechanisms involved in the physiological aging of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España.
| | - José Martínez-González
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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Kayatekin C, Amasino A, Gaglia G, Flannick J, Bonner JM, Fanning S, Narayan P, Barrasa MI, Pincus D, Landgraf D, Nelson J, Hesse WR, Costanzo M, Myers CL, Boone C, Florez JC, Lindquist S. Translocon Declogger Ste24 Protects against IAPP Oligomer-Induced Proteotoxicity. Cell 2018. [PMID: 29526462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are thought to contribute to β cell dysfunction and death. To understand how IAPP harms cells and how this might be overcome, we created a yeast model of IAPP toxicity. Ste24, an evolutionarily conserved protease that was recently reported to degrade peptides stuck within the translocon between the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum, was the strongest suppressor of IAPP toxicity. By testing variants of the human homolog, ZMPSTE24, with varying activity levels, the rescue of IAPP toxicity proved to be directly proportional to the declogging efficiency. Clinically relevant ZMPSTE24 variants identified in the largest database of exomes sequences derived from T2D patients were characterized using the yeast model, revealing 14 partial loss-of-function variants, which were enriched among diabetes patients over 2-fold. Thus, clogging of the translocon by IAPP oligomers may contribute to β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Kayatekin
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Audra Amasino
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Giorgio Gaglia
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia M Bonner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Priyanka Narayan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - David Pincus
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Landgraf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justin Nelson
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - William R Hesse
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Costanzo
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Charles Boone
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jose C Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A premature ageing disease with aspects of physiological ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:1-13. [PMID: 29208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by bone abnormalities including localized osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, skin pigmentation, lipodystrophic signs and mildly accelerated ageing. The molecular defects associated with MAD are mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) gene, causing type A or type B MAD, respectively. Downstream of LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, is accumulated in cells and affects chromatin dynamics and stress response. A new form of mandibuloacral dysplasia has been recently associated with mutations in POLD1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase delta, a major player in DNA replication. Of note, involvement of prelamin A in chromatin dynamics and recruitment of DNA repair factors has been also determined under physiological conditions, at the border between stress response and cellular senescence. Here, we review current knowledge on MAD clinical and pathogenetic aspects and highlight aspects typical of physiological ageing.
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Cassini TA, Robertson AK, Bican AG, Cogan JD, Hannig VL, Newman JH, Hamid R, Phillips JA. Phenotypic heterogeneity of ZMPSTE24 deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1175-1179. [PMID: 29341437 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old girl was referred to the Undiagnosed Diseases Network with a history of short stature, thin and translucent skin, macrocephaly, small hands, and camptodactyly. She had been diagnosed with possible Hallerman-Streiff syndrome. Her evaluation showed that she was mosaic for uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1, which harbored a pathogenic c.1077dupT variant in ZMPSTE24 which predicts p.(Leu362fsX18). ZMPSTE24 is a zinc metalloproteinase that is involved in processing farnesylated proteins and pathogenic ZMPSTE24 variants cause accumulation of abnormal farnesylated forms of prelamin A. This, in turn, causes a spectrum of disease severity which is based on enzyme activity. The current patient has an intermediate form, which is a genocopy of severe Progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Cassini
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy K Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna G Bican
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joy D Cogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vickie L Hannig
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John H Newman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John A Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Hamczyk MR, del Campo L, Andrés V. Aging in the Cardiovascular System: Lessons from Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 80:27-48. [PMID: 28934587 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aging, the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is becoming progressively more prevalent in our societies. A better understanding of how aging promotes CVD is therefore urgently needed to develop new strategies to reduce disease burden. Atherosclerosis and heart failure contribute significantly to age-associated CVD-related morbimortality. CVD and aging are both accelerated in patients suffering from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by the prelamin A mutant progerin. Progerin causes extensive atherosclerosis and cardiac electrophysiological alterations that invariably lead to premature aging and death. This review summarizes the main structural and functional alterations to the cardiovascular system during physiological and premature aging and discusses the mechanisms underlying exaggerated CVD and aging induced by prelamin A and progerin. Because both proteins are expressed in normally aging non-HGPS individuals, and most hallmarks of normal aging occur in progeria, research on HGPS can identify mechanisms underlying physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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46
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Janin A, Bauer D, Ratti F, Millat G, Méjat A. Nuclear envelopathies: a complex LINC between nuclear envelope and pathology. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:147. [PMID: 28854936 PMCID: PMC5577761 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disease causing mutation in the gene coding for emerin, a transmembrane protein of the inner nuclear membrane, hundreds of mutations and variants have been found in genes encoding for nuclear envelope components. These proteins can be part of the inner nuclear membrane (INM), such as emerin or SUN proteins, outer nuclear membrane (ONM), such as Nesprins, or the nuclear lamina, such as lamins A and C. However, they physically interact with each other to insure the nuclear envelope integrity and mediate the interactions of the nuclear envelope with both the genome, on the inner side, and the cytoskeleton, on the outer side. The core of this complex, called LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton) is composed of KASH and SUN homology domain proteins. SUN proteins are INM proteins which interact with lamins by their N-terminal domain and with the KASH domain of nesprins located in the ONM by their C-terminal domain.Although most of these proteins are ubiquitously expressed, their mutations have been associated with a large number of clinically unrelated pathologies affecting specific tissues. Moreover, variants in SUN proteins have been found to modulate the severity of diseases induced by mutations in other LINC components or interactors. For these reasons, the diagnosis and the identification of the molecular explanation of "nuclear envelopathies" is currently challenging.The aim of this review is to summarize the human diseases caused by mutations in genes coding for INM proteins, nuclear lamina, and ONM proteins, and to discuss their potential physiopathological mechanisms that could explain the large spectrum of observed symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janin
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Bauer
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francesca Ratti
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Millat
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Méjat
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,CNRS UMR 5310, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,INSERM U1217, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Nuclear Architecture Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 - Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Groupement Hospitalier Est - Centre de Biologie Est - Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, France.
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47
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Li S, Fu B, Wang L, Dorf ME. ZMPSTE24 Is Downstream Effector of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Antiviral Activity. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:513-517. [PMID: 28594571 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is a constitutively and ubiquitously expressed host restriction factor that is responsible for limiting infection by a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses, including influenza A, vesicular stomatitis, zika, ebola, Sindbis, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses, but not murine leukemia or adenovirus. Antiviral function is independent of ZMPSTE24 enzymatic activity. Protein interaction and genetic complementation studies indicate that ZMPSTE24 is a component of a common antiviral pathway that is associated with interferon-induced transmembrane proteins. In vivo studies with zmpste24-deficient mice demonstrate the importance of ZMPSTE24 for antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Li
- 1 Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Bishi Fu
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- 1 Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Martin E Dorf
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Tu Y, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Araújo-Vilar D, Fong LG, Young SG. LMNA missense mutations causing familial partial lipodystrophy do not lead to an accumulation of prelamin A. Nucleus 2017; 7:512-521. [PMID: 27841971 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1242542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of missense mutations in LMNA (the gene for lamin C and prelamin A) cause familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), a disease associated with reduced adipose tissue, particularly in the limbs. Several studies have reported that fibroblasts from FPLD subjects have an accumulation of prelamin A. Those findings were intriguing but also perplexing because many of the LMNA missense mutations associated with lipodystrophy are located in sequences distant from the sequences required for the farnesylation of prelamin A and ZMPSTE24-mediated conversion of prelamin A to mature lamin A. Here, we revisited the issue of prelamin A accumulation in the setting of FPLD mutations. We used western blots with lamin A/C antibodies and prelamin A-specific monoclonal antibodies to assess prelamin A levels in wild-type fibroblasts and fibroblasts carrying LMNA mutations associated with lipodystrophy (R482W, I299V, C591F, T528M). None of the mutant fibroblasts exhibited an accumulation of prelamin A. Also, the amount of prelamin A accumulation in response to lopinavir (an inhibitor of ZMPSTE24) was similar in wild-type and mutant fibroblasts. Thus, the LMNA lipodystrophy mutations that we examined did not lead to prelamin A accumulation, nor did they render those cells more susceptible to prelamin A accumulation when ZMPSTE24 was inhibited by lopinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Tu
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- c UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group , IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- c UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group , IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - Loren G Fong
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- a Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Abstract
Chromosome ends are complex structures, which require a panel of factors for their elongation, replication, and protection. We describe here the mechanics of mammalian telomeres, dynamics and maintainance in relation to lamins. Multiple biochemical connections, including association of telomeres to the nuclear envelope and matrix, of telomeric proteins to lamins, and of lamin-associated proteins to chromosome ends, underline the interplay between lamins and telomeres. Paths toward senescence, such as defective telomere replication, altered heterochromatin organization, and impaired DNA repair, are common to lamins' and telomeres' dysfunction. The convergence of phenotypes can be interpreted through a model of dynamic, lamin-controlled functional platforms dedicated to the function of telomeres as fragile sites. The features of telomeropathies and laminopathies, and of animal models underline further overlapping aspects, including the alteration of stem cell compartments. We expect that future studies of basic biology and on aging will benefit from the analysis of this telomere-lamina interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy.,c Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
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50
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Fu Y, Zhu JY, Richman A, Zhao Z, Zhang F, Ray PE, Han Z. A Drosophila model system to assess the function of human monogenic podocyte mutations that cause nephrotic syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:768-780. [PMID: 28164240 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic mutations have been identified as monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS), but important knowledge gaps exist in the roles of these genes in kidney cell biology and renal diseases. More animal models are needed to assess the functions of these genes in vivo, and to determine how they cause NS in a timely manner. Drosophila nephrocytes and human podocytes share striking similarities, but to what degree these known NS genes play conserved roles in nephrocytes remains unknown. Here we systematically studied 40 genes associated with NS, including 7 that have not previously been analysed for renal function in an animal model. We found that 85% of these genes are required for nephrocyte functions, suggesting that a majority of human genes known to be associated with NS play conserved roles in renal function from flies to humans. To investigate functional conservation in more detail, we focused on Cindr, the fly homolog of the human NS gene CD2AP. Silencing Cindr in nephrocytes led to dramatic nephrocyte functional impairment and shortened life span, as well as collapse of nephrocyte lacunar channels and effacement of nephrocyte slit diaphragms. These phenotypes could be rescued by expression of a wild-type human CD2AP gene, but not a mutant allele derived from a patient with CD2AP-associated NS. We conclude that the Drosophila nephrocyte can be used to elucidate clinically relevant molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of most monogenic forms of NS, and to efficiently generate personalized in vivo models of genetic renal diseases bearing patient-specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Richman
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Patricio E Ray
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health Systems, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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