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Liang Y, Luo S, Wong THT, He B, Schooling CM, Au Yeung SL. Association of iron homeostasis biomarkers in type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1914-1925. [PMID: 37400992 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) studies show iron positively associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but included potentially biasing hereditary haemochromatosis variants and did not assess reverse causality. METHODS We assessed the relation of iron homeostasis with T2D and glycaemic traits bidirectionally, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of iron homeostasis biomarkers [ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT) (n ≤ 246 139)], T2D (DIAMANTE n = 933 970 and FinnGen n = 300 483), and glycaemic traits [fasting glucose (FG), 2-h glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin (FI) (n ≤ 209 605)]. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main analysis, supplemented with sensitivity analyses and assessment of mediation by hepcidin. RESULTS Iron homeostasis biomarkers were largely unrelated to T2D, although serum iron was potentially associated with higher T2D [odds ratio: 1.07 per standard deviation; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99 to 1.16; P-value: 0.078) in DIAMANTE only. Higher ferritin, serum iron, TSAT and lower TIBC likely decreased HbA1c, but were not associated with other glycaemic traits. Liability to T2D likely increased TIBC (0.03 per log odds; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05; P-value: 0.005), FI likely increased ferritin (0.29 per log pmol/L; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.47; P-value: 8.72 x 10-4). FG likely increased serum iron (0.06 per mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.12; P-value: 0.046). Hepcidin did not mediate these associations. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that ferritin, TSAT and TIBC cause T2D although an association for serum iron could not be excluded. Glycaemic traits and liability to T2D may affect iron homeostasis, but mediation by hepcidin is unlikely. Corresponding mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Luo
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tommy Hon Ting Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoting He
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Sun Z, Shao Y, Yan K, Yao T, Liu L, Sun F, Wu J, Huang Y. The Link between Trace Metal Elements and Glucose Metabolism: Evidence from Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese-Mediated Metabolic Regulation. Metabolites 2023; 13:1048. [PMID: 37887373 PMCID: PMC10608713 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace metal elements are of vital importance for fundamental biological processes. They function in various metabolic pathways after the long evolution of living organisms. Glucose is considered to be one of the main sources of biological energy that supports biological activities, and its metabolism is tightly regulated by trace metal elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the regulation of glucose metabolism by trace metal elements. In particular, the underlying mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current concepts and progress linking trace metal elements and glucose metabolism, particularly for the trace metal elements zinc, copper, manganese, and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuzhuo Shao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kunhao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tianzhao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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3
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Ivanova T, Churnosova M, Abramova M, Plotnikov D, Ponomarenko I, Reshetnikov E, Aristova I, Sorokina I, Churnosov M. Sex-Specific Features of the Correlation between GWAS-Noticeable Polymorphisms and Hypertension in Europeans of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097799. [PMID: 37175507 PMCID: PMC10178435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was directed at studying the sex-specific features of the correlation between genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-noticeable polymorphisms and hypertension (HTN). In two groups of European subjects of Russia (n = 1405 in total), such as men (n = 821 in total: n = 564 HTN, n = 257 control) and women (n = 584 in total: n = 375 HTN, n = 209 control), the distribution of ten specially selected polymorphisms (they have confirmed associations of GWAS level with blood pressure (BP) parameters and/or HTN in Europeans) has been considered. The list of studied loci was as follows: (PLCE1) rs932764 A > G, (AC026703.1) rs1173771 G > A, (CERS5) rs7302981 G > A, (HFE) rs1799945 C > G, (OBFC1) rs4387287 C > A, (BAG6) rs805303 G > A, (RGL3) rs167479 T > G, (ARHGAP42) rs633185 C > G, (TBX2) rs8068318 T > C, and (ATP2B1) rs2681472 A > G. The contribution of individual loci and their inter-locus interactions to the HTN susceptibility with bioinformatic interpretation of associative links was evaluated separately in men's and women's cohorts. The men-women differences in involvement in the disease of the BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs were detected. Among women, the HTN risk has been associated with HFE rs1799945 C > G (genotype GG was risky; ORGG = 11.15 ppermGG = 0.014) and inter-locus interactions of all 10 examined SNPs as part of 26 intergenic interactions models. In men, the polymorphism BAG6 rs805303 G > A (genotype AA was protective; ORAA = 0.30 ppermAA = 0.0008) and inter-SNPs interactions of eight loci in only seven models have been founded as HTN-correlated. HTN-linked loci and strongly linked SNPs were characterized by pronounced polyvector functionality in both men and women, but at the same time, signaling pathways of HTN-linked genes/SNPs in women and men were similar and were represented mainly by immune mechanisms. As a result, the present study has demonstrated a more pronounced contribution of BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs to the HTN susceptibility (due to weightier intergenic interactions) in European women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Abramova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Denis Plotnikov
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Sorokina
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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4
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Timoteo VJ, Chiang KM, Yang HC, Pan WH. Common and ethnic-specific genetic determinants of hemoglobin concentration between Taiwanese Han Chinese and European Whites: findings from comparative two-stage genome-wide association studies. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109126. [PMID: 35964923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human iron nutrition is a result of interplays between genetic and environmental factors. However, there has been scarcity of data on the genetic variants associated with altered iron homeostasis and ethnic-specific associations are further lacking. In this study, we compared between the Taiwanese Han Chinese (HC) and European Whites the genetic determinants of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, a biochemical parameter that in part reflects the amount of functional iron in the body. Through sex-specific two-stage genome-wide association studies (2S-GWAS), we observed the consistent Hb-association of SNPs in TMPRSS6 (chr 22), ABO (chr 9), and PRKCE (chr 2) across sexes in both ethnic groups. Specific to the Taiwanese HC, the Hb-association of AXIN1, together with other loci near the chr 16 alpha-globin gene cluster, was found novel. On the other hand, majority of the Hb-associated SNPs among Europeans were identified along the chr 6 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, which has established roles in immune system control. We report here strong Hb-associations of HFE and members of gene families (SLC17; H2A, H2B, H3, H4, H1; TRIM; ZSCAN, ZKSCAN, ZNF; HLA; BTN, OR), numerous SNPs in/nearby CARMIL1, PRRC2A, PSORS1C1, NOTCH4, TSBP1, C6orf15, and distinct associations with non-coding RNA genes. Our findings provide evidence for both common and ethnic-specific genetic determinants of Hb between East Asians and Caucasians. These will help to further our understanding of the iron and/or erythropoiesis physiology in humans and to identify high risk subgroups for iron imbalances - a primary requirement to meet the goal of precision nutrition for optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Joy Timoteo
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Mao Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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5
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Abramova MY, Ponomarenko IV, Churnosov MI. The Polymorphic Locus rs167479 of the RGL3 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Severe Preeclampsia. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542212002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Wang C, Martins-Bach AB, Alfaro-Almagro F, Douaud G, Klein JC, Llera A, Fiscone C, Bowtell R, Elliott LT, Smith SM, Tendler BC, Miller KL. Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:818-831. [PMID: 35606419 PMCID: PMC9174052 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We present an open resource of QSM-based imaging measures of multiple brain structures in 35,273 individuals from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identify statistically significant associations of 251 phenotypes with magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations relate magnetic susceptibility to 76 replicating clusters of genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* signal decay time measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers worldwide, creating the potential to discover new, non-invasive markers of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Aurea B Martins-Bach
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Fiscone
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin C Tendler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Distribution and Associated Factors of Hepatic Iron-A Population-Based Imaging Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120871. [PMID: 34940629 PMCID: PMC8705957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic iron overload can cause severe organ damage; therefore, an early diagnosis and the identification of potential risk factors is crucial. We aimed to investigate the sex-specific distribution of hepatic iron content (HIC) in a population-based cohort and identify relevant associated factors from a panel of markers. We analyzed N = 353 participants from a cross-sectional sample (KORA FF4) who underwent whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. HIC was assessed by single-voxel spectroscopy with a high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo technique. A large panel of markers, including anthropometric, genetic, and laboratory values, as well as behavioral risk factors were assessed. Relevant factors associated with HIC were identified by variable selection based on LASSO regression with bootstrap resampling. HIC in the study sample (mean age at examination: 56.0 years, 58.4% men) was significantly lower in women (mean ± SD: 39.2 ± 4.1 s-1) than in men (41.8 ± 4.7 s-1, p < 0.001). Relevant factors associated with HIC were HbA1c as well as prediabetes for men and visceral adipose tissue as well as age for women. Hepatic fat, alcohol consumption, and genetic risk score for iron levels were associated with HIC in both sexes. In conclusion, there are sex-specific associations of HIC with markers of body composition, glucose metabolism, and alcohol consumption.
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Liu X, Zhang J, Xiong X, Chen C, Xing Y, Duan Y, Xiao S, Yang B, Ma J. An Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and GWAS Data to Identify Potential Candidate Genes Influencing Meat Quality Traits in Pigs. Front Genet 2021; 12:748070. [PMID: 34745221 PMCID: PMC8567094 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.748070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors behind meat quality traits is of great significance to animal breeding and production. We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for meat quality traits in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 pig population using Illumina porcine 60K SNP data. Here, we further investigate the functional candidate genes and their network modules associated with meat quality traits by integrating transcriptomics and GWAS information. Quantitative trait transcript (QTT) analysis, gene expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed using the digital gene expression (DGE) data from 493 F2 pig's muscle and liver samples. Among the quantified 20,108 liver and 23,728 muscle transcripts, 535 liver and 1,014 muscle QTTs corresponding to 416 and 721 genes, respectively, were found to be significantly (p < 5 × 10-4) correlated with 22 meat quality traits measured on longissiums dorsi muscle (LM) or semimembranosus muscle (SM). Transcripts associated with muscle glycolytic potential (GP) and pH values were enriched for genes involved in metabolic process. There were 42 QTTs (for 32 genes) shared by liver and muscle tissues, of which 10 QTTs represent GP- and/or pH-related genes, such as JUNB, ATF3, and PPP1R3B. Furthermore, a genome-wide eQTL mapping revealed a total of 3,054 eQTLs for all annotated transcripts in muscle (p < 2.08 × 10-5), including 1,283 cis-eQTLs and 1771 trans-eQTLs. In addition, WGCNA identified five modules relevant to glycogen metabolism pathway and highlighted the connections between variations in meat quality traits and genes involved in energy process. Integrative analysis of GWAS loci, eQTL, and QTT demonstrated GALNT15/GALNTL2 and HTATIP2 as strong candidate genes for drip loss and pH drop from postmortem 45 min to 24 h, respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of meat quality traits and greatly expand the number of candidate genes that may be valuable for future functional analysis and genetic improvement of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Thompson A, King K, Morris AP, Pirmohamed M. Assessing the impact of alcohol consumption on the genetic contribution to mean corpuscular volume. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2040-2051. [PMID: 34104963 PMCID: PMC8522631 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the genetic loci that influence mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and those associated with excess alcohol drinking are unknown. We used white British participants from the UK Biobank (n = 362 595) to assess the association between alcohol consumption and MCV, and whether this was modulated by genetic factors. Multivariable regression was applied to identify predictors of MCV. GWAS, with and without stratification for alcohol consumption, determined how genetic variants influence MCV. SNPs in ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH1B were used to construct a genetic score to test the assumption that acetaldehyde formation is an important determinant of MCV. Additional investigations using mendelian randomisation and phenome-wide association analysis were conducted. Increasing alcohol consumption by 40 g/week resulted in a 0.30% (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.31%) increase in MCV (P < 1.0x10-320). Unstratified (irrespective of alcohol intake) GWAS identified 212 loci associated with MCV, of which 108 were novel. There was no heterogeneity of allelic effects by drinking status. No association was found between MCV and the genetic score generated from alcohol metabolising genes. Mendelian randomisation demonstrated a causal effect for alcohol on MCV. Seventy-one SNP-outcome pairs reached statistical significance in phenome-wide association analysis, with evidence of shared genetic architecture for MCV and thyroid dysfunction, and mineral metabolism disorders. MCV increases linearly with alcohol intake in a causal manner. Many genetic loci influence MCV, with new loci identified in this analysis that provide novel biological insights. However, there was no interaction between alcohol consumption and the allelic variants associated with MCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thompson
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katharine King
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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10
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Kang W, Barad A, Clark AG, Wang Y, Lin X, Gu Z, O'Brien KO. Ethnic Differences in Iron Status. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1838-1853. [PMID: 34009254 PMCID: PMC8483971 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is unique among all minerals in that humans have no regulatable excretory pathway to eliminate excess iron after it is absorbed. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when absorbed iron is not sufficient to meet body iron demands, whereas iron overload and subsequent deposition of iron in key organs occur when absorbed iron exceeds body iron demands. Over time, iron accumulation in the body can increase risk of chronic diseases, including cirrhosis, diabetes, and heart failure. To date, only ∼30% of the interindividual variability in iron absorption can be captured by iron status biomarkers or iron regulatory hormones. Much of the regulation of iron absorption may be under genetic control, but these pathways have yet to be fully elucidated. Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies have identified several genetic variants that are associated with variations in iron status, but the majority of these data were generated in European populations. The purpose of this review is to summarize genetic variants that have been associated with alterations in iron status and to highlight the influence of ethnicity on the risk of iron deficiency or overload. Using extant data in the literature, linear mixed-effects models were constructed to explore ethnic differences in iron status biomarkers. This approach found that East Asians had significantly higher concentrations of iron status indicators (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin) than Europeans, African Americans, or South Asians. African Americans exhibited significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations compared with other ethnic groups. Further studies of the genetic basis for ethnic differences in iron metabolism and on how it affects disease susceptibility among different ethnic groups are needed to inform population-specific recommendations and personalized nutrition interventions for iron-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhui Kang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Barad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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11
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Bell S, Rigas AS, Magnusson MK, Ferkingstad E, Allara E, Bjornsdottir G, Ramond A, Sørensen E, Halldorsson GH, Paul DS, Burgdorf KS, Eggertsson HP, Howson JMM, Thørner LW, Kristmundsdottir S, Astle WJ, Erikstrup C, Sigurdsson JK, Vuckovic D, Dinh KM, Tragante V, Surendran P, Pedersen OB, Vidarsson B, Jiang T, Paarup HM, Onundarson PT, Akbari P, Nielsen KR, Lund SH, Juliusson K, Magnusson MI, Frigge ML, Oddsson A, Olafsson I, Kaptoge S, Hjalgrim H, Runarsson G, Wood AM, Jonsdottir I, Hansen TF, Sigurdardottir O, Stefansson H, Rye D, Peters JE, Westergaard D, Holm H, Soranzo N, Banasik K, Thorleifsson G, Ouwehand WH, Thorsteinsdottir U, Roberts DJ, Sulem P, Butterworth AS, Gudbjartsson DF, Danesh J, Brunak S, Di Angelantonio E, Ullum H, Stefansson K. A genome-wide meta-analysis yields 46 new loci associating with biomarkers of iron homeostasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:156. [PMID: 33536631 PMCID: PMC7859200 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for many biological functions and iron deficiency and overload have major health implications. We performed a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies from Iceland, the UK and Denmark of blood levels of ferritin (N = 246,139), total iron binding capacity (N = 135,430), iron (N = 163,511) and transferrin saturation (N = 131,471). We found 62 independent sequence variants associating with iron homeostasis parameters at 56 loci, including 46 novel loci. Variants at DUOX2, F5, SLC11A2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron deficiency anemia, while variants at TF, HFE, TFR2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron overload. A HBS1L-MYB intergenic region variant associates both with increased risk of iron overload and reduced risk of iron deficiency anemia. The DUOX2 missense variant is present in 14% of the population, associates with all iron homeostasis biomarkers, and increases the risk of iron deficiency anemia by 29%. The associations implicate proteins contributing to the main physiological processes involved in iron homeostasis: iron sensing and storage, inflammation, absorption of iron from the gut, iron recycling, erythropoiesis and bleeding/menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bell
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas S Rigas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Elias Allara
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anna Ramond
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dirk S Paul
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Joanna M M Howson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lise W Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - William J Astle
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Dragana Vuckovic
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Khoa M Dinh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Helene M Paarup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Parsa Akbari
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Angela M Wood
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital MHC Sct. Hans, Roskilde, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Rye
- Department of Neurology and Program in Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James E Peters
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Westergaard
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karina Banasik
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Willem H Ouwehand
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David J Roberts
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John Danesh
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Søren Brunak
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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12
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Timmer T, Tanck M, Penkett C, Stirrups K, Gleadall N, de Kort W, van der Schoot E, van den Hurk K. Genetic determinants of ferritin, haemoglobin levels and haemoglobin trajectories: results from Donor InSight. Vox Sang 2021; 116:755-765. [PMID: 33491795 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood donors might develop iron deficiency as approximately 250 mg of iron is lost with every donation. Susceptibility to iron deficiency and low haemoglobin levels differs between individuals, which might be due to genetic variation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haemoglobin trajectories, haemoglobin levels and ferritin levels in blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2655 donors participating in the observational cohort study Donor InSight-III (2015-2017), haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured in venous EDTA whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Haemoglobin trajectories (stable/declining) were determined by fitting growth-mixture models on repeated pre-donation capillary haemoglobin measurements. Genotyping was done using the UK Biobank - version 2 Axiom Array. Single SNP analyses adopting an additive genetic model on imputed genetic variants were performed for haemoglobin trajectories, haemoglobin levels and ferritin levels. Conditional analyses identified independent SNPs. RESULTS Twelve, twenty and twenty-four independent SNPs were associated with haemoglobin trajectories, haemoglobin levels and ferritin levels respectively (P < 1 x 10-5 ). Rs112016443 reached genome-wide significance for ferritin levels, which influences WDSUB1 expression. CONCLUSION Rs112016443 was genome-wide significantly associated with ferritin levels in Dutch donors. Further validation studies are needed, as well as studies towards underlying mechanisms and predicting iron deficiency using SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Timmer
- Department of Donor Medicine Research - Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Penkett
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Gleadall
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Biomedical Campus, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wim de Kort
- Department of Donor Medicine Research - Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research - Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32557-32565. [PMID: 33277433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013773117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction.
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14
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Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2738. [PMID: 32911778 PMCID: PMC7551697 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has caused shock waves in many countries, producing a global health crisis worldwide. Lack of knowledge of the biological mechanisms of viruses, plus the absence of effective treatments against the disease (COVID-19) and/or vaccines have pulled factors that can compromise the proper functioning of the immune system to fight against infectious diseases into the spotlight. The optimal status of specific nutrients is considered crucial to keeping immune components within their normal activity, helping to avoid and overcome infections. Specifically, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated and deems six vitamins (D, A, C, Folate, B6, B12) and four minerals (zinc, iron, copper and selenium) to be essential for the normal functioning of the immune system, due to the scientific evidence collected so far. In this report, an update on the evidence of the contribution of nutritional factors as immune-enhancing aspects, factors that could reduce their bioavailability, and the role of the optimal status of these nutrients within the COVID-19 pandemic context was carried out. First, a non-systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of an optimal nutritional status of these nutrients on the proper functioning of the immune system as well as their potential role in COVID-19 prevention/treatment was carried out by searching for available scientific evidence in PubMed and LitCovid databases. Second, a compilation from published sources and an analysis of nutritional data from 10 European countries was performed, and the relationship between country nutritional status and epidemiological COVID-19 data (available in the Worldometers database) was evaluated following an ecological study design. Furthermore, the potential effect of genetics was considered through the selection of genetic variants previously identified in Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAs) as influencing the nutritional status of these 10 considered nutrients. Therefore, access to genetic information in accessible databases (1000genomes, by Ensembl) of individuals from European populations enabled an approximation that countries might present a greater risk of suboptimal status of the nutrients studied. Results from the review approach show the importance of maintaining a correct nutritional status of these 10 nutrients analyzed for the health of the immune system, highlighting the importance of Vitamin D and iron in the context of COVID-19. Besides, the ecological study demonstrates that intake levels of relevant micronutrients-especially Vitamins D, C, B12, and iron-are inversely associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and/or mortality, particularly in populations genetically predisposed to show lower micronutrient status. In conclusion, nutrigenetic data provided by joint assessment of 10 essential nutrients for the functioning of the immune system and of the genetic factors that can limit their bioavailability can be a fundamental tool to help strengthen the immune system of individuals and prepare populations to fight against infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (A.P.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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15
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Berthault C, Staels W, Scharfmann R. Purification of pancreatic endocrine subsets reveals increased iron metabolism in beta cells. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101060. [PMID: 32763423 PMCID: PMC7498953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The main endocrine cell types in pancreatic islets are alpha, beta, and delta cells. Although these cell types have distinct roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, inadequate purification methods preclude the study of cell type-specific effects. We developed a reliable approach that enables simultaneous sorting of live alpha, beta, and delta cells from mouse islets for downstream analyses. Methods We developed an antibody panel against cell surface antigens to enable isolation of highly purified endocrine subsets from mouse islets based on the specific differential expression of CD71 on beta cells and CD24 on delta cells. We rigorously demonstrated the reliability and validity of our approach using bulk and single cell qPCR, immunocytochemistry, reporter mice, and transcriptomics. Results Pancreatic alpha, beta, and delta cells can be separated based on beta cell-specific CD71 surface expression and high expression of CD24 on delta cells. We applied our new sorting strategy to demonstrate that CD71, which is the transferrin receptor mediating the uptake of transferrin-bound iron, is upregulated in beta cells during early postnatal weeks. We found that beta cells express higher levels of several other genes implicated in iron metabolism and iron deprivation significantly impaired beta cell function. In human beta cells, CD71 is similarly required for iron uptake and CD71 surface expression is regulated in a glucose-dependent manner. Conclusions This study provides a novel and efficient purification method for murine alpha, beta, and delta cells, identifies for the first time CD71 as a postnatal beta cell-specific marker, and demonstrates a central role of iron metabolism in beta cell function. CD71 is a marker that is highly expressed in murine pancreatic beta-cells. CD71 and CD24 can be used to purify live murine alpha-, beta-, and delta-cells. Iron metabolism in murine beta-cells is increased compared to that in alpha-, and delta-cells. Human beta-cells regulate CD71 surface expression in a glucose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berthault
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - W Staels
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, Belgium
| | - R Scharfmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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16
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Manning AK, Goustin AS, Kleinbrink EL, Thepsuwan P, Cai J, Ju D, Leong A, Udler MS, Brown JB, Goodarzi MO, Rotter JI, Sladek R, Meigs JB, Lipovich L. A Long Non-coding RNA, LOC157273, Is an Effector Transcript at the Chromosome 8p23.1- PPP1R3B Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Locus. Front Genet 2020; 11:615. [PMID: 32754192 PMCID: PMC7367044 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Causal transcripts at genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mostly unknown. The chr8p23.1 variant rs4841132, associated with an insulin-resistant diabetes risk phenotype, lies in the second exon of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene, LOC157273, located 175 kilobases from PPP1R3B, which encodes a key protein regulating insulin-mediated hepatic glycogen storage in humans. We hypothesized that LOC157273 regulates expression of PPP1R3B in human hepatocytes. METHODS We tested our hypothesis using Stellaris fluorescent in situ hybridization to assess subcellular localization of LOC157273; small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of LOC157273, followed by RT-PCR to quantify LOC157273 and PPP1R3B expression; RNA-seq to quantify the whole-transcriptome gene expression response to LOC157273 knockdown; and an insulin-stimulated assay to measure hepatocyte glycogen deposition before and after knockdown. RESULTS We found that siRNA knockdown decreased LOC157273 transcript levels by approximately 80%, increased PPP1R3B mRNA levels by 1.7-fold, and increased glycogen deposition by >50% in primary human hepatocytes. An A/G heterozygous carrier (vs. three G/G carriers) had reduced LOC157273 abundance due to reduced transcription of the A allele and increased PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition. CONCLUSION We show that the lncRNA LOC157273 is a negative regulator of PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition in human hepatocytes and a causal transcript at an insulin-resistant T2D risk locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K. Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anton Scott Goustin
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Erica L. Kleinbrink
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Pattaraporn Thepsuwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Juan Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Donghong Ju
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aaron Leong
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Bentley Brown
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Computational Biosciences Group, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James B. Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Moon JY, Louie TL, Jain D, Sofer T, Schurmann C, Below JE, Lai CQ, Aviles-Santa ML, Talavera GA, Smith CE, Petty LE, Bottinger EP, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Wang T, Tucker KL, Ordovás JM, Hanis CL, Loos RJF, Schneiderman N, Rotter JI, Kaplan RC, Qi Q. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Blood Disorder-Related Variants Influencing Hemoglobin A 1c With Implications for Glycemic Status in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1784-1791. [PMID: 31213470 PMCID: PMC6702612 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-associated genetic variants and examine their implications for glycemic status evaluated by HbA1c in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos with diverse genetic ancestries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HbA1c in 9,636 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos without diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, followed by a replication among 4,729 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos from three independent studies. RESULTS Our GWAS and replication analyses showed 10 previously known and novel loci associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance levels (P < 5.0 × 10-8). In particular, two African ancestry-specific variants, HBB-rs334 and G6PD-rs1050828, which are causal mutations for sickle cell disease and G6PD deficiency, respectively, had ∼10 times larger effect sizes on HbA1c levels (β = -0.31% [-3.4 mmol/mol]) and -0.35% [-3.8 mmol/mol] per minor allele, respectively) compared with other HbA1c-associated variants (0.03-0.04% [0.3-0.4 mmol/mol] per allele). A novel Amerindian ancestry-specific variant, HBM-rs145546625, was associated with HbA1c and hematologic traits but not with fasting glucose. The prevalence of hyperglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) defined using fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test 2-h glucose was similar between carriers of HBB-rs334 or G6PD-rs1050828 HbA1c-lowering alleles and noncarriers, whereas the prevalence of hyperglycemia defined using HbA1c was significantly lower in carriers than in noncarriers (12.2% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). After recalibration of the HbA1c level taking HBB-rs334 and G6PD-rs1050828 into account, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in carriers was similar to noncarriers (31.3% vs. 28.4%, P = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS This study in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos found several ancestry-specific alleles associated with HbA1c through erythrocyte-related rather than glycemic-related pathways. The potential influences of these nonglycemic-related variants need to be considered when the HbA1c test is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tin L Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gregory A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.,IMDEA Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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18
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ZRANB3 is an African-specific type 2 diabetes locus associated with beta-cell mass and insulin response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3195. [PMID: 31324766 PMCID: PMC6642147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome analysis of diverse human populations has contributed to the identification of novel genomic loci for diseases of major clinical and public health impact. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in sub-Saharan Africans, an understudied ancestral group. We analyze ~18 million autosomal SNPs in 5,231 individuals from Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. We identify a previously-unreported genome-wide significant locus: ZRANB3 (Zinc Finger RANBP2-Type Containing 3, lead SNP p = 2.831 × 10−9). Knockdown or genomic knockout of the zebrafish ortholog results in reduction in pancreatic β-cell number which we demonstrate to be due to increased apoptosis in islets. siRNA transfection of murine Zranb3 in MIN6 β-cells results in impaired insulin secretion in response to high glucose, implicating Zranb3 in β-cell functional response to high glucose conditions. We also show transferability in our study of 32 established T2D loci. Our findings advance understanding of the genetics of T2D in non-European ancestry populations. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is prevalent in populations worldwide, however, mostly studied in European and mixed-ancestry populations. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for T2D in over 5,000 sub-Saharan Africans and identify a locus, ZRANB3, that is specific for this population.
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19
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Leong A, Chen J, Wheeler E, Hivert MF, Liu CT, Merino J, Dupuis J, Tai ES, Rotter JI, Florez JC, Barroso I, Meigs JB. Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Hemoglobin A 1c as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1202-1208. [PMID: 30659074 PMCID: PMC6609962 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies show that higher hemoglobin A1c (A1C) predicts coronary artery disease (CAD). It remains unclear whether this association is driven entirely by glycemia. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to test whether A1C is causally associated with CAD through glycemic and/or nonglycemic factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To examine the association of A1C with CAD, we selected 50 A1C-associated variants (log10 Bayes factor ≥6) from an A1C genome-wide association study (GWAS; n = 159,940) and performed an inverse-variance weighted average of variant-specific causal estimates from CAD GWAS data (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D; 60,801 CAD case subjects/123,504 control subjects). We then replicated results in UK Biobank (18,915 CAD case subjects/455,971 control subjects) and meta-analyzed all results. Next, we conducted analyses using two subsets of variants, 16 variants associated with glycemic measures (fasting or 2-h glucose) and 20 variants associated with erythrocyte indices (e.g., hemoglobin [Hb]) but not glycemic measures. In additional MR analyses, we tested the association of Hb with A1C and CAD. RESULTS Genetically increased A1C was associated with higher CAD risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.40, 1.84] per %-unit, P = 6.9 × 10-12). Higher A1C was associated with increased CAD risk when using only glycemic variants (OR 2.23 [1.73, 2.89], P = 1.0 × 10-9) and when using only erythrocytic variants (OR 1.30 [1.08, 1.57], P = 0.006). Genetically decreased Hb, with concomitantly decreased mean corpuscular volume, was associated with higher A1C (0.30 [0.27, 0.33] %-unit, P = 2.9 × 10-6) per g/dL and higher CAD risk (OR 1.19 [1.04, 1.37], P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Genetic evidence supports a causal link between higher A1C and higher CAD risk. This relationship is driven not only by glycemic but also by erythrocytic, glycemia-independent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Leong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ji Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | - James B Meigs
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Residual cardiovascular disease risk and increasing metabolic syndrome risk underscores a need for novel therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism in humans. Unbiased human genetic screens have proven powerful in identifying novel genomic loci, and this review discusses recent developments in such discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Recent human genome-wide association studies have been completed in incredibly large, detailed cohorts, allowing for the identification of more than 300 genomic loci that participate in the regulation of plasma lipid metabolism. However, the discovery of these loci has greatly outpaced the elucidation of the underlying functional mechanisms. The identification of novel roles for long noncoding RNAs, such as CHROME, LeXis, and MeXis, in lipid metabolism suggests that noncoding RNAs should be included in the functional translation of GWAS loci. SUMMARY Unbiased genetic studies appear to have unearthed a great deal of novel biology with respect to lipid metabolism, yet translation of these findings into actionable mechanisms has been slow. Increased focus on the translation, rather than the discovery, of these loci, with new attention paid to lncRNAs, can help spur the development of novel therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Ha
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Andrew G. Van Camp
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
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21
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Grinde KE, Qi Q, Thornton TA, Liu S, Shadyab AH, Chan KHK, Reiner AP, Sofer T. Generalizing polygenic risk scores from Europeans to Hispanics/Latinos. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:50-62. [PMID: 30368908 PMCID: PMC6330129 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are weighted sums of risk allele counts of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a disease or trait. PRSs are typically constructed based on published results from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs), and the majority of which has been performed in large populations of European ancestry (EA) individuals. Although many genotype-trait associations have generalized across populations, the optimal choice of SNPs and weights for PRSs may differ between populations due to different linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequency patterns. We compare various approaches for PRS construction, using GWAS results from both large EA studies and a smaller study in Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, n = 12 , 803 ). We consider multiple approaches for selecting SNPs and for computing SNP weights. We study the performance of the resulting PRSs in an independent study of Hispanics/Latinos from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI, n = 3 , 582 ). We support our investigation with simulation studies of potential genetic architectures in a single locus. We observed that selecting variants based on EA GWASs generally performs well, except for blood pressure trait. However, the use of EA GWASs for weight estimation was suboptimal. Using non-EA GWAS results to estimate weights improved results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Grinde
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Hang K. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Tao Y, Huang X, Xie Y, Zhou X, He X, Tang S, Liao M, Chen Y, Tan A, Chen Y, Wang Q, Mo Z. Genome-wide association and gene-environment interaction study identifies variants in ALDH2 associated with serum ferritin in a Chinese population. Gene 2019; 685:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Volani C, Paglia G, Smarason SV, Pramstaller PP, Demetz E, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Weiss G. Metabolic Signature of Dietary Iron Overload in a Mouse Model. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120264. [PMID: 30544931 PMCID: PMC6315421 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential co-factor for several metabolic processes, including the Krebs cycle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate iron balance is essential to ensure sufficient energy production and to avoid excessive reactive oxygen species formation. Iron overload impairs mitochondrial fitness; however, little is known about the associated metabolic changes. Here we aimed to characterize the metabolic signature triggered by dietary iron overload over time in a mouse model, where mice received either a standard or a high-iron diet. Metabolic profiling was assessed in blood, plasma and liver tissue. Peripheral blood was collected by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS). Extracted blood and tissue metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined to high resolution mass spectrometry. Upon dietary iron loading we found increased glucose, aspartic acid and 2-/3-hydroxybutyric acid levels but low lactate and malate levels in peripheral blood and plasma, pointing to a re-programming of glucose homeostasis and the Krebs cycle. Further, iron loading resulted in the stimulation of the urea cycle in the liver. In addition, oxidative stress was enhanced in circulation and coincided with increased liver glutathione and systemic cysteine synthesis. Overall, iron supplementation affected several central metabolic circuits over time. Hence, in vivo investigation of metabolic signatures represents a novel and useful tool for getting deeper insights into iron-dependent regulatory circuits and for monitoring of patients with primary and secondary iron overload, and those ones receiving iron supplementation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Sigurdur V Smarason
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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