1
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Kawaguchi K, Fujita N. Shaping transverse-tubules: central mechanisms that play a role in the cytosol zoning for muscle contraction. J Biochem 2024; 175:125-131. [PMID: 37848047 PMCID: PMC10873525 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A transverse-tubule (T-tubule) is an invagination of the plasma membrane penetrating deep into muscle cells. An extensive membrane network of T-tubules is crucial for rapid and synchronized signal transmission from the cell surface to the entire sarcoplasmic reticulum for Ca2+ release, leading to muscle contraction. T-tubules are also indispensable for the formation and positioning of other muscle organelles. Their structure and physiological roles are relatively well established; however, the mechanisms shaping T-tubules require further elucidation. Centronuclear myopathy (CNM), an inherited muscular disorder, accompanies structural defects in T-tubules. Membrane traffic-related genes, including MTM1 (Myotubularin 1), DNM2 (Dynamin 2), and BIN1 (Bridging Integrator-1), were identified as causative genes of CNM. In addition, causative genes for other muscle diseases are also reported to be involved in the formation and maintenance of T-tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of how T-tubule formation and maintenance is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawaguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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2
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Endo Y, Groom L, Wang SM, Pannia E, Griffiths NW, Van Gennip JLM, Ciruna B, Laporte J, Dirksen RT, Dowling JJ. Two zebrafish cacna1s loss-of-function variants provide models of mild and severe CACNA1S-related myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:254-269. [PMID: 37930228 PMCID: PMC10800018 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CACNA1S-related myopathy, due to pathogenic variants in the CACNA1S gene, is a recently described congenital muscle disease. Disease associated variants result in loss of gene expression and/or reduction of Cav1.1 protein stability. There is an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease pathomechanisms and no effective therapies are currently available. A barrier to the study of this myopathy is the lack of a suitable animal model that phenocopies key aspects of the disease. To address this barrier, we generated knockouts of the two zebrafish CACNA1S paralogs, cacna1sa and cacna1sb. Double knockout fish exhibit severe weakness and early death, and are characterized by the absence of Cav1.1 α1 subunit expression, abnormal triad structure, and impaired excitation-contraction coupling, thus mirroring the severe form of human CACNA1S-related myopathy. A double mutant (cacna1sa homozygous, cacna1sb heterozygote) exhibits normal development, but displays reduced body size, abnormal facial structure, and cores on muscle pathologic examination, thus phenocopying the mild form of human CACNA1S-related myopathy. In summary, we generated and characterized the first cacna1s zebrafish loss-of-function mutants, and show them to be faithful models of severe and mild forms of human CACNA1S-related myopathy suitable for future mechanistic studies and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Endo
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Sabrina M Wang
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Nigel W Griffiths
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jenica L M Van Gennip
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, Cnrs UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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3
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Karuppasamy M, English KG, Henry CA, Manzini MC, Parant JM, Wright MA, Ruparelia AA, Currie PD, Gupta VA, Dowling JJ, Maves L, Alexander MS. Standardization of zebrafish drug testing parameters for muscle diseases. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050339. [PMID: 38235578 PMCID: PMC10820820 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscular diseases predominantly affect skeletal and cardiac muscle, resulting in muscle weakness, impaired respiratory function and decreased lifespan. These harmful outcomes lead to poor health-related quality of life and carry a high healthcare economic burden. The absence of promising treatments and new therapies for muscular disorders requires new methods for candidate drug identification and advancement in animal models. Consequently, the rapid screening of drug compounds in an animal model that mimics features of human muscle disease is warranted. Zebrafish are a versatile model in preclinical studies that support developmental biology and drug discovery programs for novel chemical entities and repurposing of established drugs. Due to several advantages, there is an increasing number of applications of the zebrafish model for high-throughput drug screening for human disorders and developmental studies. Consequently, standardization of key drug screening parameters, such as animal husbandry protocols, drug compound administration and outcome measures, is paramount for the continued advancement of the model and field. Here, we seek to summarize and explore critical drug treatment and drug screening parameters in the zebrafish-based modeling of human muscle diseases. Through improved standardization and harmonization of drug screening parameters and protocols, we aim to promote more effective drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine G. English
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clarissa A. Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Melissa A. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Avnika A. Ruparelia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vandana A. Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J. Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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4
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de Carvalho Neves J, Moschovaki-Filippidou F, Böhm J, Laporte J. DNM2 levels normalization improves muscle phenotypes of a novel mouse model for moderate centronuclear myopathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:321-334. [PMID: 37547294 PMCID: PMC10400865 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is a ubiquitously expressed GTPase regulating membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics. Heterozygous dominant mutations in DNM2 cause centronuclear myopathy (CNM), associated with muscle weakness and atrophy and histopathological hallmarks as fiber hypotrophy and organelles mis-position. Different severities range from the severe neonatal onset form to the moderate form with childhood onset and to the mild adult onset form. No therapy is approved for CNM. Here we aimed to validate and rescue a mouse model for the moderate form of DNM2-CNM harboring the common DNM2 R369W missense mutation. Dnm2R369W/+ mice presented with increased DNM2 protein level in muscle and moderate CNM-like phenotypes with force deficit, muscle and fiber hypotrophy, impaired mTOR signaling, and progressive mitochondria and nuclei mis-position with age. Molecular analyses revealed a fiber type switch toward oxidative metabolism correlating with decreased force and alteration of mitophagy markers paralleling mitochondria structural defects. Normalization of DNM2 levels through intramuscular injection of AAV-shDnm2 targeting Dnm2 mRNA significantly improved histopathology and muscle and myofiber hypotrophy. These results showed that the Dnm2R369W/+ mouse is a faithful model for the moderate form of DNM2-CNM and revealed that DNM2 normalization after a short 4-week treatment is sufficient to improve the CNM phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Carvalho Neves
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Foteini Moschovaki-Filippidou
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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5
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Lescouzères L, Bordignon B, Bomont P. Development of a high-throughput tailored imaging method in zebrafish to understand and treat neuromuscular diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:956582. [PMID: 36204134 PMCID: PMC9530744 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.956582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate species offering multitude of advantages for the study of conserved biological systems in human and has considerably enriched our knowledge in developmental biology and physiology. Being equally important in medical research, the zebrafish has become a critical tool in the fields of diagnosis, gene discovery, disease modeling, and pharmacology-based therapy. Studies on the zebrafish neuromuscular system allowed for deciphering key molecular pathways in this tissue, and established it as a model of choice to study numerous motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle diseases. Starting with the similarities of the zebrafish neuromuscular system with the human system, we review disease models associated with the neuromuscular system to focus on current methodologies employed to study them and outline their caveats. In particular, we put in perspective the necessity to develop standardized and high-resolution methodologies that are necessary to deepen our understanding of not only fundamental signaling pathways in a healthy tissue but also the changes leading to disease phenotype outbreaks, and offer templates for high-content screening strategies. While the development of high-throughput methodologies is underway for motility assays, there is no automated approach to quantify the key molecular cues of the neuromuscular junction. Here, we provide a novel high-throughput imaging methodology in the zebrafish that is standardized, highly resolutive, quantitative, and fit for drug screening. By providing a proof of concept for its robustness in identifying novel molecular players and therapeutic drugs in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) disease, we foresee that this new tool could be useful for both fundamental and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Bomont,
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6
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Li Q, Lin J, Widrick JJ, Luo S, Li G, Zhang Y, Laporte J, Perrella MA, Liu X, Agrawal PB. Dynamin-2 reduction rescues the skeletal myopathy of SPEG-deficient mouse model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157336. [PMID: 35763354 PMCID: PMC9462472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a myosin light chain kinase, is mutated in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and/or dilated cardiomyopathy. No precise therapies are available for this disorder, and gene replacement therapy is not a feasible option due to the large size of SPEG. We evaluated the potential of dynamin-2 (DNM2) reduction as a potential therapeutic strategy because it has been shown to revert muscle phenotypes in mouse models of CNM caused by MTM1, DNM2, and BIN1 mutations. We determined that SPEG-β interacted with DNM2, and SPEG deficiency caused an increase in DNM2 levels. The DNM2 reduction strategy in Speg-KO mice was associated with an increase in life span, body weight, and motor performance. Additionally, it normalized the distribution of triadic proteins, triad ultrastructure, and triad number and restored phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels in SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles. Although DNM2 reduction rescued the myopathy phenotype, it did not improve cardiac dysfunction, indicating a differential tissue-specific function. Combining DNM2 reduction with other strategies may be needed to target both the cardiac and skeletal defects associated with SPEG deficiency. DNM2 reduction should be explored as a therapeutic strategy against other genetic myopathies (and dystrophies) associated with a high level of DNM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Gu Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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7
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Endo Y, Groom L, Celik A, Kraeva N, Lee CS, Jung SY, Gardner L, Shaw MA, Hamilton SL, Hopkins PM, Dirksen RT, Riazi S, Dowling JJ. Variants in ASPH cause exertional heat illness and are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3403. [PMID: 35697689 PMCID: PMC9192596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exertional heat illness (EHI) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) are life threatening conditions associated with muscle breakdown in the setting of triggering factors including volatile anesthetics, exercise, and high environmental temperature. To identify new genetic variants that predispose to EHI and/or MH, we performed genomic sequencing on a cohort with EHI/MH and/or abnormal caffeine-halothane contracture test. In five individuals, we identified rare, pathogenic heterozygous variants in ASPH, a gene encoding junctin, a regulator of excitation-contraction coupling. We validated the pathogenicity of these variants using orthogonal pre-clinical models, CRISPR-edited C2C12 myotubes and transgenic zebrafish. In total, we demonstrate that ASPH variants represent a new cause of EHI and MH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Endo
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Alper Celik
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Centre for Computation Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Natalia Kraeva
- grid.417184.f0000 0001 0661 1177Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lois Gardner
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marie-Anne Shaw
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan L. Hamilton
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Philip M. Hopkins
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK ,grid.443984.60000 0000 8813 7132Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Sheila Riazi
- grid.417184.f0000 0001 0661 1177Malignant Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - James J. Dowling
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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8
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Fujise K, Noguchi S, Takeda T. Centronuclear Myopathy Caused by Defective Membrane Remodelling of Dynamin 2 and BIN1 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116274. [PMID: 35682949 PMCID: PMC9181712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital myopathy characterised by centralised nuclei in skeletal myofibers. T-tubules, sarcolemmal invaginations required for excitation-contraction coupling, are disorganised in the skeletal muscles of CNM patients. Previous studies showed that various endocytic proteins are involved in T-tubule biogenesis and their dysfunction is tightly associated with CNM pathogenesis. DNM2 and BIN1 are two causative genes for CNM that encode essential membrane remodelling proteins in endocytosis, dynamin 2 and BIN1, respectively. In this review, we overview the functions of dynamin 2 and BIN1 in T-tubule biogenesis and discuss how their dysfunction in membrane remodelling leads to CNM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Fujise
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA;
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7125; Fax: +81-86-235-7126
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9
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Espinosa KG, Geissah S, Groom L, Volpatti J, Scott IC, Dirksen RT, Zhao M, Dowling JJ. Characterization of a novel zebrafish model of SPEG-related centronuclear myopathy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275324. [PMID: 35293586 PMCID: PMC9118044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital neuromuscular disorder caused by pathogenic variation in genes associated with membrane trafficking and excitation–contraction coupling (ECC). Bi-allelic autosomal-recessive mutations in striated muscle enriched protein kinase (SPEG) account for a subset of CNM patients. Previous research has been limited by the perinatal lethality of constitutive Speg knockout mice. Thus, the precise biological role of SPEG in developing skeletal muscle remains unknown. To address this issue, we generated zebrafish spega, spegb and spega;spegb (speg-DKO) mutant lines. We demonstrated that speg-DKO zebrafish faithfully recapitulate multiple phenotypes associated with CNM, including disruption of the ECC machinery, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis during ECC and impairment of muscle performance. Taking advantage of zebrafish models of multiple CNM genetic subtypes, we compared novel and known disease markers in speg-DKO with mtm1-KO and DNM2-S619L transgenic zebrafish. We observed Desmin accumulation common to all CNM subtypes, and Dnm2 upregulation in muscle of both speg-DKO and mtm1-KO zebrafish. In all, we establish a new model of SPEG-related CNM, and identify abnormalities in this model suitable for defining disease pathomechanisms and evaluating potential therapies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: We created a novel zebrafish Speg mutant model of centronuclear myopathy that recapitulates key features of the human disorder and provides insight into pathomechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Espinosa
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Salma Geissah
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Development and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mo Zhao
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Room 1436D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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10
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Trochet D, Prudhon B, Mekzine L, Lemaitre M, Beuvin M, Julien L, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Bui MT, Romero N, Bitoun M. Benefits of therapy by dynamin-2-mutant-specific silencing are maintained with time in a mouse model of dominant centronuclear myopathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1179-1190. [PMID: 35282416 PMCID: PMC8889367 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dominant dynamin 2 (DNM2) mutations are responsible for the autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM), a rare progressive neuromuscular disorder ranging from severe neonatal to mild adult forms. We previously demonstrated that mutant-specific RNA interference is an efficient therapeutic strategy to rescue the muscle phenotype at the onset of the symptoms in the AD-CNM knockin-Dnm2 R465W/+ mouse model. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term benefit of the treatment along with the disease time course. We demonstrate here that the complete rescue of the muscle phenotype is maintained for at least 1 year after a single injection of adeno-associated virus expressing the mutant-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). This was achieved by a maintained reduction of the mutant Dnm2 transcript. Moreover, this long-term study uncovers a pathological accumulation of DNM2 protein occurring with age in the mouse model and prevented by the treatment. Conversely, a physiological DNM2 protein decrease with age was observed in muscles from wild-type mice. Therefore, this study highlights a new potential pathophysiological mechanism linked to mutant protein accumulation and underlines the importance of DNM2 protein expression level for proper muscle function. Overall, these results strengthen the allele-specific silencing approach as a robust, safe, and efficient therapy for AD-CNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Trochet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Prudhon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lylia Mekzine
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mai Thao Bui
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Norma Romero
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
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11
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Smith SJ, Fabian L, Sheikh A, Noche R, Cui X, Moore SA, Dowling JJ. Lysosomes and the pathogenesis of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:733-747. [PMID: 34568901 PMCID: PMC9989739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), the most common congenital muscular dystrophy in Western countries, is caused by recessive mutations in LAMA2, the gene encoding laminin alpha 2. Currently, no cure or disease modifying therapy has been successfully developed for MDC1A. Examination of patient muscle biopsies revealed altered distribution of lysosomes. We hypothesized that this redistribution was a novel and potentially druggable aspect of disease pathogenesis. We explored this hypothesis using candyfloss (caf), a zebrafish model of MDC1A. We found that lysosome distribution in caf zebrafish was also abnormal. This altered localization was significantly associated with fiber detachment and could be prevented by blocking myofiber detachment. Overexpression of transcription factor EB, a transcription factor that promotes lysosomal biogenesis, led to increased lysosome content and decreased fiber detachment. We conclude that genetic manipulation of the lysosomal compartment is able to alter the caf zebrafish disease process, suggesting that lysosome function may be a target for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2R 0X7, Alberta
| | - Lacramioara Fabian
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Adeel Sheikh
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ramil Noche
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiucheng Cui
- Zebrafish Genetics and Disease Models Core Facility, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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12
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Abstract
The mechanoenzyme dynamin 2 (DNM2) is crucial for intracellular organization and trafficking. DNM2 is mutated in dominant centronuclear myopathy (DNM2-CNM), a muscle disease characterized by defects in organelle positioning in myofibers. It remains unclear how the in vivo functions of DNM2 are regulated in muscle. Moreover, there is no therapy for DNM2-CNM to date. Here, we overexpressed human amphiphysin 2 (BIN1), a membrane remodeling protein mutated in other CNM forms, in Dnm2 RW/+ and Dnm2 RW/RW mice modeling mild and severe DNM2-CNM, through transgenesis or with adeno-associated virus (AAV). Increasing BIN1 improved muscle atrophy and main histopathological features of Dnm2 RW/+ mice and rescued the perinatal lethality and survival of Dnm2 RW/RW mice. In vitro experiments showed that BIN1 binds and recruits DNM2 to membrane tubules, and that the BIN1-DNM2 complex regulates tubules fission. Overall, BIN1 is a potential therapeutic target for dominant centronuclear myopathy linked to DNM2 mutations.
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13
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Fujise K, Okubo M, Abe T, Yamada H, Takei K, Nishino I, Takeda T, Noguchi S. Imaging-based evaluation of pathogenicity by novel DNM2 variants associated with centronuclear myopathy. Hum Mutat 2021; 43:169-179. [PMID: 34837441 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a group of inherited congenital diseases showing clinically progressive muscle weakness associated with the presence of centralized myonuclei, diagnosed by genetic testing and muscle biopsy. The gene encoding dynamin 2, DNM2, has been identified as a causative gene for an autosomal dominant form of CNM. However, the information of a DNM2 variant alone is not always sufficient to gain a definitive diagnosis as the pathogenicity of many gene variants is currently unknown. In this study, we identified five novel DNM2 variants in our cohort. To establish the pathogenicity of these variants without using clinicopathological information, we used a simple in cellulo imaging-based assay for T-tubule-like structures to provide quantitative data that enable objective determination of pathogenicity by novel DNM2 variants. With this assay, we demonstrated that the phenotypes induced by mutant dynamin 2 in cellulo are well correlated with biochemical gain-of-function features of mutant dynamin 2 as well as the clinicopathological phenotypes of each patient. Our approach of combining an in cellulo assay with clinical information of the patients also explains the course of a disease progression by the pathogenesis of each variant in DNM2-associated CNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Fujise
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mariko Okubo
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:713-732. [PMID: 34257452 PMCID: PMC9686310 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders comprise a diverse group of human inborn diseases that arise from defects in the structure and/or function of the muscle tissue - encompassing the muscle cells (myofibres) themselves and their extracellular matrix - or muscle fibre innervation. Since the identification in 1987 of the first genetic lesion associated with a neuromuscular disorder - mutations in dystrophin as an underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy - the field has made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases, with pathogenic variants in more than 500 genes now identified as underlying causes of neuromuscular disorders. The subset of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle are referred to as myopathies or muscular dystrophies, and are due to variants in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these proteins provide structural stability to the myofibres or function in regulating sarcolemmal integrity, whereas others are involved in protein turnover, intracellular trafficking, calcium handling and electrical excitability - processes that ensure myofibre resistance to stress and their primary activity in muscle contraction. In this Review, we discuss how defects in muscle proteins give rise to muscle dysfunction, and ultimately to disease, with a focus on pathologies that are most common, best understood and that provide the most insight into muscle biology.
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15
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Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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16
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Tassin TC, Barylko B, Hedde PN, Chen Y, Binns DD, James NG, Mueller JD, Jameson DM, Taussig R, Albanesi JP. Gain-of-Function Properties of a Dynamin 2 Mutant Implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:745940. [PMID: 34744632 PMCID: PMC8563704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.745940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2), a GTPase that catalyzes membrane constriction and fission, are associated with two autosomal-dominant motor disorders, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM), which affect nerve and muscle, respectively. Many of these mutations affect the pleckstrin homology domain of DNM2, yet there is almost no overlap between the sets of mutations that cause CMT or CNM. A subset of CMT-linked mutations inhibit the interaction of DNM2 with phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, which is essential for DNM2 function in endocytosis. In contrast, CNM-linked mutations inhibit intramolecular interactions that normally suppress dynamin self-assembly and GTPase activation. Hence, CNM-linked DNM2 mutants form abnormally stable polymers and express enhanced assembly-dependent GTPase activation. These distinct effects of CMT and CNM mutations are consistent with current findings that DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM are loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases, respectively. In this study, we present evidence that at least one CMT-causing DNM2 mutant (ΔDEE; lacking residues 555DEE557) forms polymers that, like the CNM mutants, are resistant to disassembly and display enhanced GTPase activation. We further show that the ΔDEE mutant undergoes 2-3-fold higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylation than wild-type DNM2. These results suggest that molecular mechanisms underlying the absence of pathogenic overlap between DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM should be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Tassin
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Derk D. Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas G. James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joachim D. Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ronald Taussig
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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17
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Rzepnikowska W, Kochański A. Models for IGHMBP2-associated diseases: an overview and a roadmap for the future. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1266-1278. [PMID: 34785121 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Models are practical tools with which to establish the basic aspects of a diseases. They allow systematic research into the significance of mutations, of cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, of therapeutic options and of functions of diseases associated proteins. Thus, disease models are an integral part of the study of enigmatic proteins such as immunoglobulin mu-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2). IGHMBP2 has been well defined as a helicase, however there is little known about its role in cellular processes. Notably, it is unclear why changes in such an abundant protein lead to specific neuronal disorders including spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2S (CMT2S). SMARD1 is caused by a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord that results in muscle atrophy and is accompanied by rapid respiratory failure. In contrast, CMT2S manifests as a severe neuropathy, but typically without critical breathing problems. Here, we present the clinical manifestation of IGHMBP2 mutations, function of protein and models that may be used for the study of IGHMBP2-associated disorders. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of specific models and discuss the orthologs of IGHMBP2 that are found in different systems with regard to their similarity to human IGHMBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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18
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L-Carnitine ameliorates congenital myopathy in a tropomyosin 3 de novo mutation transgenic zebrafish. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:8. [PMID: 33435938 PMCID: PMC7802209 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital myopathy (CM) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous muscle disorders, characterized by muscle weakness and hypotonia from birth. Currently, no definite treatment exists for CM. A de novo mutation in Tropomyosin 3-TPM3(E151G) was identified from a boy diagnosed with CM, previously TPM3(E151A) was reported to cause CM. However, the role of TPM3(E151G) in CM is unknown. Methods Histopathological, swimming behavior, and muscle endurance were monitored in TPM3 wild-type and mutant transgenic fish, modelling CM. Gene expression profiling of muscle of the transgenic fish were studied through RNAseq, and mitochondria respiration was investigated. Results While TPM3(WT) and TPM3(E151A) fish show normal appearance, amazingly a few TPM3(E151G) fish display either no tail, a crooked body in both F0 and F1 adults. Using histochemical staining for the muscle biopsy, we found TPM3(E151G) displays congenital fiber type disproportion and TPM3(E151A) resembles nemaline myopathy. TPM3(E151G) transgenic fish dramatically swimming slower than those in TPM3(WT) and TPM3(E151A) fish measured by DanioVision and T-maze, and exhibit weaker muscle endurance by swimming tunnel instrument. Interestingly, l-carnitine treatment on TPM3(E151G) transgenic larvae significantly improves the muscle endurance by restoring the basal respiration and ATP levels in mitochondria. With RNAseq transcriptomic analysis of the expression profiling from the muscle specimens, it surprisingly discloses large downregulation of genes involved in pathways of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, which can be rescued by l-carnitine treatment, fatty acid metabolism was differentially dysregulated in TPM3(E151G) fish and rescued by l-carnitine treatment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TPM3(E151G) and TPM3(E151A) exhibit different pathogenicity, also have distinct gene regulatory profiles but the ion channels were downregulated in both mutants, and provides a potential mechanism of action of TPM3 pathophysiology. Our results shed a new light in the future development of potential treatment for TPM3-related CM.
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19
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Fabian L, Dowling JJ. Zebrafish Models of LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (MDC1A). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:122. [PMID: 32742259 PMCID: PMC7364686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD; LAMA2-MD), also referred to as merosin deficient CMD (MDC1A), is a severe neonatal onset muscle disease caused by recessive mutations in the LAMA2 gene. LAMA2 encodes laminin α2, a subunit of the extracellular matrix (ECM) oligomer laminin 211. There are currently no treatments for MDC1A, and there is an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis. Zebrafish, due to their high degree of genetic conservation with humans, large clutch sizes, rapid development, and optical clarity, have emerged as an excellent model system for studying rare Mendelian diseases. They are particularly suitable as a model for muscular dystrophy because they contain at least one orthologue to all major human MD genes, have muscle that is similar to human muscle in structure and function, and manifest obvious and easily measured MD related phenotypes. In this review article, we present the existing zebrafish models of MDC1A, and discuss their contribution to the understanding of MDC1A pathomechanisms and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Fabian
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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