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Wei XJ, Huang YL, Chen TQ, Yang XJ. Inhibitory effect of telocyte-induced M1 macrophages on endometriosis: Targeting angiogenesis and invasion. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152099. [PMID: 37813067 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of stromal cells found in tissues, induce macrophage differentiation into classically activated macrophages (M1) types and enhance their phagocytic function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of TC-induced M1 macrophages on endometriosis (EMs). METHODS mouse uterine primary TCs and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated and identified using double immunofluorescence staining. For the in vitro study, ESCs were treated with TC-induced M1 macrophages, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) genes were identified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blotting (WB). For the in vivo study, an EMs mouse model received TC-conditioned medium (TCM) via abdominal administration, and characterized the inhibitory effects on growth (lesion weight, volume, and pathology), tissue-resident macrophages differentiation by immunostaining, angiogenic capacity (CD31 and VEGF), invasive capacity (MMP9), and NF-κb expression within EMs lesions. RESULTS immunofluorescent staining showed that uterine TCs expressed CD34+ and vimentin+, whereas ESCs expressed vimentin+ and cytokeratin-. At the cellular level, TC-induced M1 macrophages can significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF and MMP9 in ESCs through WB or qRT-PCR, possibly by suppressing the NF-κb pathway. The in vivo study showed that macrophages switch from the alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in untreated EMs lesions to the M1 subtype after TCM exposure. Thereby, TC-induced M1 macrophages contributed to the inhibition of EMs lesions. More importantly, this effect may be achieved by suppressing the expression of NF-κb to inhibit angiogenesis (CD31 and VEGF) and invasion (MMP9) in the tissue. CONCLUSION TC-induced M1 macrophages play a prevailing role in suppressing EMs by inhibiting angiogenic and invasive capacity through the NF-κb pathway, which provides a promising therapeutic approach for EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China
| | - Yue-Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550000, PR China
| | - Tian-Quan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215006, PR China.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang X. An Update on the Multifaceted Role of NF-kappaB in Endometriosis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4400-4413. [PMID: 35864971 PMCID: PMC9295070 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis remains a common but challenging gynecological disease among reproductive-aged women with an unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that NF-κB signaling, a major regulator of inflammatory responses, is overactive in endometriotic lesions and contributes to the onset, progression, and recurrence of endometriosis. Several factors, such as estrogen, progesterone, oxidative stress, and noncoding RNAs, can regulate NF-κB signaling in endometriosis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms by which these factors regulate NF-κB during endometriosis progression and provide an update on the role of NF-κB in affecting endometriotic cells, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) as well as endometriosis-related symptoms, such as pain and infertility. Furthermore, the preclinical drugs for blocking NF-κB signaling in endometriosis are summarized, including plant-derived medicines, NF-κB inhibitors, other known drugs, and the potential anti-NF-κB drugs predicted through the Drug-Gene Interaction Database. The present review discusses most of the studies concerning the multifaceted role of NF-κB signaling in endometriosis and provides a summary of NF-κB-targeted treatment in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Effect of Neiyi Prescription of QIU on autophagy and angiogenic ability of endometriosis via the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:533-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Shan S, Yang Y, Jiang J, Yang B, Yang Y, Sun F, Zhang J, Lin Y, Xu H. Extracellular vesicle-derived lncRNAs as circulating biomarkers for endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:923-933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jiang JY, Liu DJ, Liu MX. The protective effect of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor PDTC on mice with chronic atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1131-1139. [PMID: 34310252 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1953130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the protective effect of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) on mice with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). METHODS Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection combined with high-salt diet was used to construct the CAG mouse model, and 100 or 200 mg/kg/day PDTC was intragastrically treated for 8 weeks. Then, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining were used to observe the pathology of gastric mucosa, while immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were determined to detect the expression of related molecules. RESULTS The nuclear content of NF-κB p65 in the gastric mucosa of the CAG mice was increased accompanying by the structural disorder of the gastric mucosal epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration, intestinal metaplasia, and increased MUC2 expression, but the symptoms were alleviated after PDTC treatment. In addition, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX2 in the gastric mucosa and serum of CAG mice were higher than those control mice, which were reduced in CAG mice treated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg PDTC. Furthermore, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg PDTC treatments reduced the serum PGE2 in CAG mice with the decreased PCNA and Ki-67 expression in gastric mucosa. The therapeutic effect of 200 mg/kg PDTC was significantly better than that of 100 mg/kg PDTC. CONCLUSION PDTC inhibited inflammation and the excessive proliferation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, thereby exerting a potential therapeutic effect on CAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan'an District People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Dai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Central Hospital (Chongqing Emergency Medical Center), Chongqing, China
| | - Mao-Xia Liu
- Outpatient Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital (Chongqing Emergency Medical Center), Chongqing, China
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Minko Essono S, Mvondo MA, Ngadjui E, Kemka Nguimatio FX, Watcho P. The Ethanol Extract of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8521831. [PMID: 32774432 PMCID: PMC7397419 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8521831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p < 0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p < 0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p < 0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p < 0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Minko Essono
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Esther Ngadjui
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Pierre Watcho
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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Celik O, Saglam A, Baysal B, Derwig IE, Celik N, Ak M, Aslan SN, Ulas M, Ersahin A, Tayyar AT, Duran B, Aydin S. Factors preventing materno-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Placenta 2020; 97:1-5. [PMID: 32501218 PMCID: PMC7258816 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although many pregnant women have been infected by coronavirus, the presence of intrauterine vertical transmission has not been conclusively reported yet. What prevents this highly contagious virus from reaching the fetus? Is it only the presence of a strong placental barrier, or is it the natural absence of the some receptor that the viruses use for transmission? We, therefore, need to comprehensively understand the mechanism of action of the mammalian epithelial barriers located in two different organs with functional similarity. The barriers selected as potential targets by SARS-CoV-2 are the alveolo-capillary barrier (ACB), and the syncytio-capillary barrier (SCB). Caveolae are omega-shaped structures located on the cell membrane. They consist of caveolin-1 protein (Cav-1) and are involved in the internalisation of some viruses. By activating leukocytes and nuclear factor-κB, Cav-1 initiates inflammatory reactions. The presence of more than one Cav-1 binding sites on coronavirus is an important finding supporting the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung injury. While the ACB cells express Cav-1 there is no caveolin expression in syncytiotrophoblasts. In this short review, we will try to explain our hypothesis that the lack of caveolin expression in the SCB is one of the most important physiological mechanisms that prevents vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Since the physiological Cav-1 deficiency appears to prevent acute cell damage treatment algorithms could potentially be developed to block this pathway in the non-pregnant population affected by SARS-CoV-2. Syncytiotrophoblasts do not express caveolin. SARS-CoV-2 does not bind to syncytiotrophoblasts. Placental barrier does not allow passage of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Private Clinic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Aylin Saglam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aksaray University School of Medicine, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Bora Baysal
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Iris E Derwig
- Chelsea Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Nilufer Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selma N Aslan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Department of Physiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aynur Ersahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahter T Tayyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Duran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adatıp Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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Surgical Removal of Hydrosalpinx Improves Endometrium Receptivity by Decreasing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Expression. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:787-792. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Lavogina D, Samuel K, Lavrits A, Meltsov A, Sõritsa D, Kadastik Ü, Peters M, Rinken A, Salumets A. Chemosensitivity and chemoresistance in endometriosis – differences for ectopic versus eutopic cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:556-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chadchan SB, Cheng M, Parnell LA, Yin Y, Schriefer A, Mysorekar IU, Kommagani R. Antibiotic therapy with metronidazole reduces endometriosis disease progression in mice: a potential role for gut microbiota. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:1106-1116. [PMID: 31037294 PMCID: PMC6554192 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does altering gut microbiota with antibiotic treatment have any impact on endometriosis progression? SUMMARY ANSWER Antibiotic therapy reduces endometriosis progression in mice, possibly by reducing specific gut bacteria. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis, a chronic condition causing abdominal pain and infertility, afflicts up to 10% of women between the ages of 25 and 40, ~5 million women in the USA. Current treatment strategies, including hormone therapy and surgery, have significant side effects and do not prevent recurrences. We have little understanding of why some women develop endometriosis and others do not. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics or metronidazole, subjected to surgically-induced endometriosis and assayed after 21 days. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The volumes and weights of endometriotic lesions and histological signatures were analysed. Proliferation and inflammation in lesions were assessed by counting cells that were positive for the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the macrophage marker Iba1, respectively. Differences in faecal bacterial composition were assessed in mice with and without endometriosis, and faecal microbiota transfer studies were performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin, neomycin, metronidazole and ampicillin), endometriotic lesions were significantly smaller (~ 5-fold; P < 0.01) with fewer proliferating cells (P < 0.001) than those in mice treated with vehicle. Additionally, inflammatory responses, as measured by the macrophage marker Iba1 in lesions and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid, were significantly reduced in mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (P < 0.05). In mice treated with metronidazole only, but not in those treated with neomycin, ectopic lesions were significantly (P < 0.001) smaller in volume than those from vehicle-treated mice. Finally, oral gavage of faeces from mice with endometriosis restored the endometriotic lesion growth and inflammation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in metronidazole-treated mice. LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These findings are from a mouse model of surgically-induced endometriosis. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which gut bacteria promote inflammation, identify bacterial genera or species that promote disease progression and assess the translatability of these findings to humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings suggest that gut bacteria promote endometriosis progression in mice. This finding if translated to humans, could aid in the development of improved diagnostic tools and personalised treatment strategies. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded, in part, by: a National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant (R00HD080742) to RK; Washington University School of Medicine start-up funds to RK; an Endometriosis Foundation of America Research Award to R.K.; and an NIH/NICHD grant (R01HD091218) to IUM. The authors report no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangappa B Chadchan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsay A Parnell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Schriefer
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Kommagani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO 63110, USA
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Wang D, Jiang Y, Yang X, Wei Q, Wang H. 6-Shogaol reduces progression of experimental endometriosis in vivo and in vitro via regulation of VGEF and inhibition of COX-2 and PGE2-mediated inflammatory responses. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:627-636. [PMID: 30402023 PMCID: PMC6205945 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is one of the most common gynaecological disorder affecting women in their reproductive age. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of EM remains poorly understood, however inflammatory responses have been reported to be significantly involved. The efficacy of 6-shogaol on proliferation of endometriotic lesions and inflammatory pathways in experimentally-induced EM model was explored in this study. EM was stimulated in Sprague-Dawley rats by implantation of autologous endometrium onto the peritoneum abdominal wall. Separate groups were treated with 6-shogaol (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg b.wt/day) via oral gavage for one month period. Gestrinone (GTN) group received GTN (0.5 mg/kg/day) as positive control. Five weeks after implantation, the spherical volume of ecto-uterine tissues was determined. Treatment with 6-shogaol significantly reduced the implant size. Histological analysis reported atrophy and regression of the lesions. 6-shogaol administration effectively down-regulated NF-κB signaling, VEGF and VEGFR-2 (Flk-1) expression in the endometriotic lesions. Excess production of IL-1β and IL-6 (pro-inflammatory cytokines), PGE2 and nitric oxide (NO) were reduced. Overall, the results of the study reveal the efficacy of 6-shogaol against endometriosis via effectively suppressing proliferation of the lesions and modulating angiogenesis and COX-2/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiling Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430074, China
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Cho YJ, Lee JE, Park MJ, O'Malley BW, Han SJ. Bufalin suppresses endometriosis progression by inducing pyroptosis and apoptosis. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:255-269. [PMID: 29636364 PMCID: PMC5943165 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 isoform/estrogen receptor (ER)-β axis has an essential role in endometriosis progression. In this context, therefore, bufalin was employed as a 'tool compound' to evaluate inhibitors of SRC in alternative endometriosis treatment. Bufalin effectively suppressed the growth of primary human endometrial stroma cells isolated from endometriosis patients compared to women without endometriosis and immortalized human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells expressing the SRC-1 isoform compared to their parental cells in vitroIn vivo, compared to the vehicle, bufalin treatment significantly suppressed the growth of endometriotic lesions in mice with surgically induced endometriosis because bufalin disrupted the functional axis of SRC-1 isoform/ERβ by increasing SRC-1 isoform protein stability, hyperactivating the transcriptional activity of the SRC-1 isoform and degrading the ERβ protein by proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2 in endometriotic lesions. Bufalin treatment elevated the apoptosis signaling in epithelial cells of endometriotic lesions. In stromal cells of endometriotic lesions, bufalin treatment increased the levels of pyroptosis markers (caspase 1 and the active form of interleukin 1β) and reduced proliferation. In addition, bufalin treatment increased the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ERS) markers (PKR-like ER kinase, protein disulfide isomerase and binding immunoglobulin) in endometriotic lesions. Collectively, the bufalin-induced disruption of the SRC-1 isoform/ERβ axis might induce apoptosis, pyroptosis and ERS signaling in endometriotic lesions, causing the suppression of endometriosis. Therefore, future generations of SRC-modulators could be employed as an alternative medical approach for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jean Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeun E Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Usta A, Turan G, Altun E, Hocaoglu M, Bulbul CB, Adali E. The Usefulness of CD34, PCNA Immunoreactivity, and Histopathological Findings for Prediction of Pain Persistence After the Removal of Endometrioma. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:269-277. [PMID: 29642800 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118768697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that causes infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Ovarian endometrioma is the most common form of endometriosis, and conservative surgery is the main preferred therapeutic approach for endometrioma-associated symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of cyclic and noncyclic pelvic pain (NCPP) after endometrioma excision and their relationship to clinical and histopathological findings. In this prospective observational study, 41 symptomatic patients were evaluated for the presence of pain symptoms 3 to 6 months after endometrioma excision. Tissue specimens of endometrioma were collected during the operation and embedded in paraffin. The persistence of pain was 41.4%. Surgical excision of endometrioma significantly decreased NCPP and dysmenorrhea, but not dyspareunia ( P < .0001, P = .0001, and P = .25, respectively). Histopathological changes, including depth of endometriosis penetration into the cyst wall, the presence of macrophage infiltration, and vascularity of endometrioma cyst walls were significantly higher in patients with pain persistence than in patients without pain persistence ( P = .0034, P = .0042, and P = .0007, respectively). Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD34 immunoreactivity in both glandular and stromal cells and vascular endothelium were significantly higher in patients with pain persistence ( P = .0079 and P = .0025, respectively). Additionally, these histopathological changes and PCNA and CD34 immunoreactivity were significantly correlated with the persistence of NCPP and dysmenorrhea. The discovered differences in patients with endometrioma with or without pain persistence may indicate a possible relationship between endometrioma-associated pain and histopathological variability of endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Usta
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Gulay Turan
- 2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Eren Altun
- 2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Hocaoglu
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagla Bahar Bulbul
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ertan Adali
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Lousse JC, Defrère S, Ramos RG, Van Langendonckt A, Colette S, Donnez J. Involvement of Iron, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) and Prostaglandins in the Pathogenesis of Peritoneal Endometriosis-Associated Inflammation: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/228402650900100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal endometriosis is a chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, characterized by increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages and their secreted products such as cytokines, growth and angiogenic factors in peritoneal fluid. Inflammation plays a major role in pain and infertility associated with endometriosis, but is also extensively involved in the molecular and cellular processes that lead to peritoneal endometriotic lesion development. Several inflammatory mediators have therefore been studied in the context of endometriosis over the last few years. The aim of this review is to focus on three that have been clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and may be linked: peritoneal iron metabolism, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Peritoneal iron overload has been conclusively demonstrated in endometriosis patients and may induce oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are well known to be potent activators of the NF-κB pathway, which has recently been implicated in peritoneal endometriosis. Induced NF-κB activation leads to expression of numerous proinflammatory genes such as cytokines, which may provide positive feedback to the pathway, self-perpetuating the inflammatory response. Other important NF-κB-regulated molecules are prostaglandin biosynthesis enzymes, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in particular. Increased concentrations of prostaglandins have been evidenced in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients and COX-2 inhibitors have proved to be effective in ‘in vitro’ and ‘in vivo’ experimental models. In the light of available data collected from patient biopsies, as well as ‘in vitro’ and ‘in vivo’ studies, the respective implication and potential molecular association of iron, NF-κB and prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of endometriosis are discussed. The key role of peritoneal macrophages is emphasized and potential therapeutic targets are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Defrère
- Department of Gynecology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels - Belgium
| | | | | | - Sébastien Colette
- Department of Gynecology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels - Belgium
| | - Jacques Donnez
- Department of Gynecology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels - Belgium
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Xiao H, Yang L, Liu J, Jiao Y, Lu L, Zhao H. Protein-protein interaction analysis to identify biomarker networks for endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4647-4654. [PMID: 29201163 PMCID: PMC5704338 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers and their interaction network involved in the processes of endometriosis is a critical step in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease. The aim of the present study was to construct biomarker networks of endometriosis that integrated human protein-protein interactions and known disease-causing genes. Endometriosis-associated genes were extracted from Genotator and DisGeNet and biomarker network and pathway analyses were constructed using atBioNet. Of 100 input genes, 96 were strongly mapped to six major modules. The majority of the pathways in the first module were associated with the proliferation of cancer cells, the enriched pathways in module B were associated with the immune system and infectious diseases, module C included pathways related to immune and metastasis, the enriched pathways in module D were associated with inflammatory processes, and the majority of the pathways in module E were related to replication and repair. The present approach identified known and potential biomarkers in endometriosis. The identified biomarker networks are highly enriched in biological pathways associated with endometriosis, which may provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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McKinnon BD, Kocbek V, Nirgianakis K, Bersinger NA, Mueller MD. Kinase signalling pathways in endometriosis: potential targets for non-hormonal therapeutics. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:382-403. [PMID: 26740585 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis, the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, is associated with chronic pelvic pain, subfertility and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Current treatments include the surgical removal of the lesions or the induction of a hypoestrogenic state. However, a reappearance of the lesion after surgery is common and a hypoestrogenic state is less than optimal for women of reproductive age. Additional approaches are required. Endometriosis lesions exist in a unique microenvironment characterized by increased concentrations of hormones, inflammation, oxidative stress and iron. This environment influences cell survival through the binding of membrane receptors and a subsequent cascading activation of intracellular kinases that stimulate a cellular response. Many of these kinase signalling pathways are constitutively activated in endometriosis. These pathways are being investigated as therapeutic targets in other diseases and thus may also represent a target for endometriosis treatment. METHODS To identify relevant English language studies published up to 2015 on kinase signalling pathways in endometriosis, we searched the Pubmed database using the following search terms in various combinations; 'endometriosis', 'inflammation', 'oxidative stress', 'iron', 'kinase', 'NF kappa', 'mTOR', 'MAPK' 'p38', 'JNK', 'ERK' 'estrogen' and progesterone'. Further citing references were identified using the Scopus database and finally current clinical trials were searched on the clinicaltrials.gov trial registry. RESULTS The current literature on intracellular kinases activated by the endometriotic environment can be summarized into three main pathways that could be targeted for treatments: the canonical IKKβ/NFκB pathway, the MAPK pathways (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. A number of pharmaceutical compounds that target these pathways have been successfully trialled in in vitro and animal models of endometriosis, although they have not yet proceeded to clinical trials. The current generation of kinase inhibitors carry a potential for adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS Kinase signalling pathways represent viable targets for endometriosis treatment. At present, however, further improvements in clinical efficacy and the profile of adverse effects are required before these compounds can be useful for long-term endometriosis treatment. A better understanding of the molecular activity of these kinases, including the specific extracellular compounds that lead to their activation in endometriotic cells specifically should facilitate their improvement and could potentially lead to new, non-hormonal treatments of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D McKinnon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Vida Kocbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Kostantinos Nirgianakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Nick A Bersinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
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Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Ferrero S. An overview of early drug development for endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 25:227-47. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Che XH, Chen YC, Chen CL, Ye XL, Zhu H. Non-hormonal targets underlying endometriosis: A focus on molecular mechanisms. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:410-31. [PMID: 25982890 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Che
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Yi-chen Chen
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
| | - Chun-lin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
| | - Xiao-lei Ye
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current medical treatments for endometriosis-associated pain, including oral contraceptives, progestins and GnRH agonists, are partially effective and have significant side-effects. The purpose of this review is to present new hormonal and nonhormonal treatment for endometriosis. RECENT FINDINGS At present, the ideal drug that can prevent, inhibit or stop development of endometriosis, reduce associated pain or infertility and allow conception does not exist. New drugs in development for endometriosis modulate GnRH, estrogen and/or progesterone receptors, or target endometriosis-associated inflammation, angiogenesis, adhesion and/or tissue invasion. Most have been tested in rodents, and have been evaluated in more relevant animal models like nonhuman primates (baboons), but only a few, that is GnRH antagonists, have been tested in human randomized controlled trials. Important safety and efficacy issues remain a concern, as steroid receptors, inflammation, adhesion, angiogenesis and tissue invasion are key factors in physiological events like ovulation, menstruation and embryo implantation. SUMMARY New drugs for the medical treatment of endometriosis targeting both hormonal (GnRH, estrogen and progesterone receptors) and nonhormonal pathways (inflammation, angiogenesis, adhesions, tissue invasion) are promising, but their efficacy and safety need to be established in randomized human trials before they can be used in clinical practice.
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Sahin L, Bozkurt M, Celik O, Çelik N, Aydin S, Gencdal S. Serum salusins levels are increased and correlated positively with cyst size in ovarian endometrioma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:639-42. [PMID: 26008602 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1029446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate plasma concentrations of salusin-α and salusin-β levels in women with endometrioma and non-endometriotic benign ovarian cysts. METHOD Endometrioma patients (n = 14), non-endometriotic ovarian cysts (n = 14), and age-matched normal healthy fertile subjects (n = 14) participated in this study. Plasma salusin-α and salusin-β levels at the time of mid-luteal phase before and 3 months after L/S cystectomy were measured using ELISA and EIA tests, and their relation with demographic parameters was also assessed. RESULTS The mean salusin-α and salusin-β levels were significantly higher in women with endometrioma before the removal of cyst compared with cases with non-endometriotic cyst and fertile cases. Surgical removal of the endometrioma decreased the mean salusin-α and salusin-β levels to the level of those with non-endometriotic cyst before and after the cystectomy and fertile women, in both unilateral and bilateral endometrioma cases. Plasma salusin-β concentrations were found to be positively correlated with age, size of cyst, bilaterality, and salusin-α levels. Salusin-β values showed no correlations to BMI and size of the ovarian cysts. CONCLUSIONS Plasma salusin-α and salusin-β levels are increased in endometrioma patients and positively correlated with endometrioma size. Laparoscopic removal of the endometrioma by stripping technique decreases the salusin levels to a similar level of fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Sahin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
| | - Murat Bozkurt
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
| | - Onder Celik
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çelik
- c Department of Biochemistry , Behcet Uz Children Hospital , Izmir , Turkey , and
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- d Department of Biochemistry , Firat University School of Medicine , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Servet Gencdal
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
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Iron overload-modulated nuclear factor kappa-B activation in human endometrial stromal cells as a mechanism postulated in endometriosis pathogenesis. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:439-47. [PMID: 25500022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of iron overload on nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University hospital research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Ten healthy women. INTERVENTION(S) Isolated ESCs from endometrial biopsies were incubated with 50 μM FeSO(4) or vehicle. The NF-κB inhibitor [5-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-ureido] thiophene-3-carboxamide (TPCA-1), which inhibits IKKβ, the kinase of IκBα (inhibitory protein of NF-κB), was used to prevent iron overload-stimulated NF-κB changes in ESCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) NF-κB activation was assessed by p65:DNA-binding activity immunodetection assay. IκBα, p65, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 proteins expression was evaluated by Western blots. ESC soluble ICAM (sICAM)-1 secretion was measured by ELISA using conditioned medium. RESULT(S) Iron overload increased p65:DNA-binding activity and decreased IκBα and p65 cytoplasmic expression in ESCs after 30 minutes of incubation as compared with the basal condition. ESC ICAM-1 expression and sICAM-1 secretion were higher after 24 hours of iron overload treatment than in the absence of treatment. TPCA-1 prevented the iron overload-induced increase of p65:DNA binding and IκBα degradation. CONCLUSION(S) Iron overload activates IKKβ in ESCs, stimulating the NF-κB pathway and increasing ICAM-1 expression and sICAM-1 secretion. These results suggest that iron overload induces a proendometriotic phenotype on healthy ESCs, which could participate in endometriosis pathogenesis and development.
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Atorvastatin exerts anti-nociceptive activity and decreases serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α in a rat endometriosis model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:999-1006. [PMID: 24913463 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of atorvastatin in the treatment of experimental endometriosis. METHODS Endometriosis was induced in 24 female rats. 4 weeks after the procedure dimensions of the foci were recorded. Rats were divided into three groups: in Group 1 (n = 8), a daily dose of 10 mg/kg atorvastatin was given for 14 days. In the second group (n = 8), a single dose of 1 mg/kg leuprolide acetate was injected intraperitoneally. The rats in Group 3 (n = 8) were received 1 mg/kg i.p. 0.9 % NaCl. At the end of the treatment, laparotomy was performed, and the dimensions of the endometriotic foci were recorded. Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed and nociception was compared in groups. RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment exhibited significant analgesic activity in hot plate model (P = 0.022). The serum hs-CRP and tumor necrosis TNF-α levels were similar between the Group 2 and Group 3 (P > 0.05); however atorvastatin caused significant decrease in both serum markers. The histological and immunohistochemical scores were also found to be markedly lower in Group 1 and Group 2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Atorvastatin treatment may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of endometriosis through its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties.
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Li B, Chen M, Liu X, Guo SW. Constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB in adenomyosis and its inhibition by andrographolide. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:568-77. [PMID: 23706331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the action of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in adenomyosis and evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of andrographolide on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of NF-κB-mediated genes cyclooxygease-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tissue factor (TF) in adenomyotic stromal cells. DESIGN Laboratory study using human tissues. SETTING Academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty-nine patients (cases) with histologically confirmed adenomyosis and 14 (controls) without adenomyosis or endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial stromal cells derived from tissue samples harvested from both cases and controls were subjected to electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and gene and protein expression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The NF-κB DNA-binding activity and protein levels of NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of NF-κB-mediated genes COX-2, VEGF, and TF in cases and controls, and their changes after stimulation with TNF-α and treatment with andrographolide. RESULT(S) The constitutive NF-κB DNA-binding activity and protein expression levels of p50 and p65, and mRNA and protein levels of COX-2, VEGF, and TF in cases were significantly higher than that of controls. The binding activity level correlated positively with dysmenorrhea severity in cases. The TNF-α stimulation further increased the binding activity, and the mRNA and protein levels of COX-2, VEGF, and TF, but treatment with andrographolide significantly reduced them. CONCLUSION(S) NF-κB may be a pivotal transcription factor involved in the development of adenomyosis. Targeting NF-κB with inhibitors, like andrographolide, may hold promises of treating adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
Among its many functions, the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates substrate-specific proteolysis during the cell cycle, apoptosis, and fertilization and in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and liver cirrhosis. Proteasomes are present in human and boar spermatozoa, but little is known about the interactions of proteasomal subunits with other sperm proteins or structures. We have created a transgenic boar with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged 20S proteasomal core subunit α-type 1 (PSMA1-GFP), hypothesizing that the PSMA1-GFP fusion protein will be incorporated into functional sperm proteasomes. Using direct epifluorescence imaging and indirect immunofluorescence detection, we have confirmed the presence of PSMA1-GFP in the sperm acrosome. Western blotting revealed a protein band corresponding to the predicted mass of PSMA1-GFP fusion protein (57 kDa) in transgenic spermatozoa. Transgenic boar fertility was confirmed by in vitro fertilization, resulting in transgenic blastocysts, and by mating, resulting in healthy transgenic offspring. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis revealed that PSMA1-GFP copurifies with several acrosomal membrane-associated proteins (e.g., lactadherin/milk fat globule E8 and spermadhesin alanine-tryptophan-asparagine). The interaction of MFGE8 with PSMA1-GFP was confirmed through cross-immunoprecipitation. The identified proteasome-interacting proteins may regulate sperm proteasomal activity during fertilization or may be the substrates of proteasomal proteolysis during fertilization. Proteomic analysis also confirmed the interaction/coimmunoprecipitation of PSMA1-GFP with 13/14 proteasomal core subunits. These results demonstrate that the PSMA1-GFP was incorporated in the assembled sperm proteasomes. This mammal carrying green fluorescent proteasomes will be useful for studies of fertilization and wherever the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in cellular function or pathology.
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Zhang Z, Hu C, Tang W, Gui T, Qian R, Xing Y, Cao P, Wan G. Therapeutic potential of Wenshen Xiaozheng tang, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, for treating endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1215-23. [PMID: 23536573 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113483008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Wenshen Xiaozheng Tang (WXT) on the development of endometriosis in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats in which endometriotic implants were induced were divided randomly into 3 groups. The rats in the low-dose and high-dose WXT groups were administered WXT 8.57 and 17.14 g/kg/d, respectively. The rats in the control groups received an equal volume of dissolvent, as did the sham-operated rats. After treatment for 4 weeks, WXT significantly decreased the mean lesion size as well as the peritoneal fluid and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were downregulated, and the mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 was upregulated in the endometriotic lesions of WXT versus control group. Our data suggested that WXT may suppress the development of endometriosis by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and regulating the expression of invasion-related genes in the endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- 1Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, The Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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Celik O, Celik E, Turkcuoglu I, Yilmaz E, Ulas M, Simsek Y, Karaer A, Celik N, Aydin NE, Ozerol I, Unlu C. Surgical Removal of Endometrioma Decreases the NF-kB1 (p50/105) and NF-kB p65 (Rel A) Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium During the Implantation Window. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:762-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719112466307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Celik
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ilgin Turkcuoglu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Simsek
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karaer
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nasuhi Engin Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozerol
- Department of Microbiology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cihat Unlu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pharmacologic therapies in endometriosis: a systematic review. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:529-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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González-Ramos R, Defrère S, Devoto L. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a main regulator of inflammation and cell survival in endometriosis pathophysiology. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:520-8. [PMID: 22771029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update, analyze, and summarize the literature concerning nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) participation in endometriosis pathophysiology. DESIGN Review. RESULT(S) Nuclear factor-kappaB is physiologically activated in the human endometrium, showing variable activity. A cyclic p65-DNA binding pattern was shown in the endometrium of healthy women. This cyclic pattern was altered in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis. Nuclear factor-kappaB is basally activated in peritoneal endometriotic lesions, showing higher p65 activity in red endometriotic lesions than in black lesions. In vivo and in vitro studies show up-regulation of inflammation and cell proliferation and down-regulation of apoptosis by NF-κB activity. Iron overload has been shown in the pelvic cavity of endometriosis patients, and iron overload and oxidative stress activate NF-κB in macrophages, which have been shown to participate in the endometriosis-associated inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION(S) Nuclear factor-kappaB activation dysregulation in the endometrium of endometriosis patients may explain some endometrial biological alterations associated with endometriosis. The scientific evidence strongly suggests that NF-κB activity in endometriotic cells stimulates inflammation and cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, favoring the development and maintenance of endometriosis. Iron overload in the pelvic cavity of endometriosis patients could be a main factor enhancing oxidative stress and activating NF-κB in a chronic manner, contributing to endometriosis establishment and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Therapeutic efficiency of Atosiban, an oxytocin receptor blocking agent in the treatment of experimental endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:777-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Burgova EN, Adamyan LV, Tkachev NA, Stepanyan AA, Vanin AF. Dinitrosyl iron complexes with cysteine suppress the development of experimental endometriosis in rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zheng Y, Liu X, Guo SW. Therapeutic potential of andrographolide for treating endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1300-13. [PMID: 22402211 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence shows that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in endometriosis. We therefore evaluated the therapeutic potential of andrographolide, an NF-κB inhibitor. METHODS Primary cell cultures were performed using ectopic endometrial tissue specimens and their homologous eutopic endometrial specimens from 16 women with endometriosis, as well as control samples from 4 women without endometriosis. Andrographolide was evaluated for an effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle, DNA-binding activity of NF-κB and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tissue factor (TF). In a rat model of endometriosis, andrographolide treatment was evaluated for an effect on lesion size, hotplate response latency and expression of phosphorylated p50 and p65, COX-2 and nerve growth factor (NGF) in ectopic endometrium. RESULTS Andrographolide dose dependently suppressed proliferation and cell cycle progression, attenuated DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in endometriotic stromal cells and inhibited COX-2 and TF expression. In the rat experiment, induced endometriosis resulted in reduced response latency. Andrographolide treatment significantly reduced lesion size in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increased response latency. Andrographolide treatment also significantly reduced immunoreactivity of COX-2, phosphorylated p50 and p65, and NGF in ectopic endometrium. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with andrographolide significantly suppresses the growth of ectopic endometrium in vitro and in vivo, and results in a significant improvement in generalized hyperalgesia in rats with induced endometriosis. Therefore, andrographolide may be cytoreductive and may relieve pain symptoms in women with endometriosis. With excellent safety and cost profiles, andrographolide could be a promising therapeutic agent for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Physiologic activation of nuclear factor kappa-B in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is altered in endometriosis patients. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:645-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang JJ, Xu ZM, Chang H, Zhang CM, Dai HY, Ji XQ, Li C, Wang XF. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates nuclear factor-ĸB activation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in human endometriotic epithelial cells. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2011; 72:163-8. [PMID: 21968252 DOI: 10.1159/000327934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activates many of the target genes that are critical to the initiation and establishment of endometriosis. We sought to examine the potential application of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a potent NF-κB inhibitor, in the treatment of endometriosis. METHODS The phosphorylation of IκB, expression of nuclear p65 protein and NF-κB DNA binding in endometriotic epithelial cells (EECs), endometriotic eutopic epithelial cells (EuECs) and normal epithelial cells (NECs) were detected by Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) gene and protein expressions in EECs were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production of EECs was measured by ELISA. RESULTS PDTC in the absence or presence of tumor necrosing factor-α (TNF-α) showed stronger inhibitory effects on IκB phosphorylation, expression of nuclear p65 protein and NF-κB DNA-binding activity in EECs than in EuECs or NECs. Pretreatment of EECs with PDTC resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the TNF-α-induced expressions of COX-2 at gene and protein levels, as well as a reduction of PGE(2) synthesis. CONCLUSION PDTC may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Ricci AG, Olivares CN, Bilotas MA, Meresman GF, Barañao RI. Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition on Endometrial Implant Development in a Murine Model of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:614-22. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110395406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Analía Gabriela Ricci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) − CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Noemí Olivares
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) − CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Andrea Bilotas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) − CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Fabiana Meresman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) − CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Inés Barañao
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) − CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ilad RS, Fleming SD, Murphy CR, Fazleabas AT. Immunohistochemical study of the ubiquitin-nuclear factor-kB pathway in the endometrium of the baboon (Papio anubis) with and without endometriosis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 22:1118-30. [PMID: 20797350 DOI: 10.1071/rd08086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to conduct a semiquantitative immunohistochemical investigation into the levels of intermediary proteins within the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway throughout the menstrual cycle in a non-human primate, namely the baboon (Papio anubis), with and without endometriosis. Formalin-fixed eutopic (n = 2-4) and ectopic (n = 6-7) endometrial tissues from baboons at the mid-luteal phase were embedded in paraffin and examined for NF-kappaB pathway components (i.e. IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha, IKKbeta, phosphorylated (phospho-) IkappaBalpha and phospho-NF-kappaB p65 subunit), ubiquitin, 19S proteasome and the NF-kappaB activator tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Similarly, endometrial tissues from baboons at the late follicular, mid-luteal and menses phase (n = 2-4) were investigated to determine the levels of these proteins throughout the menstrual cycle. Cytoplasmic stromal IKKalpha and glandular 19S proteasome immunostaining was elevated in the ectopic endometrium, whereas levels of ubiquitin, phospho-p65, IKKbeta, TNF-alpha and nuclear 19S proteasome were similar in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium. A significant decrease in phospho-IkappaBalpha nuclear immunostaining was observed within glandular cells of the ectopic endometrium. In the eutopic endometrium, IKKalpha, ubiquitin and 19S proteasome immunostaining was elevated in different phases of the menstrual cycle, whereas levels of phospho-p65, IKKbeta, phospho-IkappaBalpha and TNF-alpha remained unchanged. We have demonstrated that, in the baboon endometriosis model, levels of IKKalpha immunostaining are elevated, whereas those of phospho-IkappaBalpha are reduced, consistent with the hypothesis that excessive NF-kappaB activity plays a role in reducing ectopic endometrial apoptosis, which contributes to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Further studies are required to confirm a causal association between elevated IKKalpha levels and reduced endometrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S Ilad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Zhang JJ, Xu ZM, Zhang CM, Dai HY, Ji XQ, Wang XF, Li C. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits nuclear factor-κB pathway activation, and regulates adhesion, migration, invasion and apoptosis of endometriotic stromal cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 17:175-81. [PMID: 21030494 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been implicated in the development and progression of endometriosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential application of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a potent NF-κB inhibitor, in the treatment of endometriosis. NF-κB-DNA-binding activity, IκB phosphorylation and expression of nuclear p65 protein in endometriotic ectopic stromal cells (EcSCs), endometriotic eutopic stromal cells (EuSCs) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis. Adhesion, migration, invasion and apoptosis of EcSCs were observed by means of adhesion, migration, invasion and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labeling assay, respectively. Gene and protein expressions of CD44s, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and survivin in EcSCs were measured by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that PDTC in the absence or presence of interleukin (IL)-1β showed stronger inhibitory effects on NF-κB-DNA-binding activity, IκB phosphorylation and expression of nuclear p65 protein in EcSCs than those in EuSCs or NESCs. PDTC enhanced apoptosis, and suppressed IL-1β-induced cellular adhesion, migration and invasion of EcSCs. Pretreatment of EcSCs with PDTC attenuated IL-1β-induced expressions of CD44s, MMP-2, MMP-9 and survivin at gene and protein levels. All these findings suggest that PDTC induces apoptosis and down-regulates adhesion, migration and invasion of EcSCs through the suppression of various molecules. Therefore, PDTC could be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Zhang JJ, Xu ZM, Dai HY, Ji XQ, Duan YY, Zhang CM, Qin DY. Application of the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate for the treatment of endometriosis: an in vitro study. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:2942-4. [PMID: 20561612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a potent nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, showed stronger inhibitory effects on nuclear factor-κB activation in endometriotic stromal cells than in normal endometrial stromal cells as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot analysis. Pretreatment of endometriotic stromal cells with PDTC attenuated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expressions of CD44s, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor whereas reversed tumor necrosis factor-α-reduced expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 revealed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, suggesting that PDTC may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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González-Ramos R, Van Langendonckt A, Defrère S, Lousse JC, Colette S, Devoto L, Donnez J. Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1985-94. [PMID: 20188363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. DESIGN A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify all relevant citations. RESULT(S) Our findings highlight the important role of NF-κB in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. In vitro and in vivo studies show that NF-κB-mediated gene transcription promotes inflammation, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of endometriotic cells. Constitutive activation of NF-κB has been demonstrated in endometriotic lesions and peritoneal macrophages of endometriosis patients. Agents blocking NF-κB are effective inhibitors of endometriosis development and some drugs with known NF-κB inhibitory properties have proved efficient at reducing endometriosis-associated symptoms in women. Iron overload activates NF-κB in macrophages. NF-κB activation in macrophages and ectopic endometrial cells stimulates synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, generating a positive feedback loop in the NF-κB pathway and promoting endometriotic lesion establishment, maintenance and development. CONCLUSION(S) NF-κB transcriptional activity modulates key cell processes contributing to the initiation and progression of endometriosis. Because endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, inhibiting NF-κB appears to be a promising strategy for future therapies targeting different cell functions involved in endometriosis development, such as cell adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Upcoming research will elucidate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Celik O, Ugras M, Hascalik S, Aydin NE, Abbasov T. Enhanced endometrial response to a magnetic intrauterine device: a preliminary study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2009; 14:437-43. [PMID: 19929647 DOI: 10.3109/13625180903318259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of an intrauterine device producing a static magnetic field on the endometrial histology of rats. METHODS The experiments involved 20 adult female Wistar albino rats that were divided into five groups. Group 1 was sham-operated; Groups 2, 3 and 4 had a copper intrauterine device (IUD), an uncovered intrauterine magnet (IUM) or an intrauterine silicone-coated IUM, respectively, inserted into one of the uterine horns; in Group 5 an uncovered IUM was implanted subcutaneously. Six days later the rats were sacrificed; endometrial and subcutaneous tissues were harvested and examined microscopically. RESULTS Copper IUDs caused classical cellular infiltration through the endometrium. IUMs, producing a static magnetic field, also caused leucocyte and monocyte infiltration of the endometrium and, in addition, a significant leucocyte accumulation over the endometrial surface. CONCLUSION This preliminary study reveals that an intrauterine magnet induces the accumulation of leucocytes in the uterine cavity in addition to the classic stromal infiltration caused by commercially available nonmagnetic IUDs. This activity could contribute to a greater efficacy of intrauterine contraception and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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Cvek B. Combating endometriosis by blocking proteasome and nuclear factor- B pathways. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2967; author reply 2967-8. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Celik O. Reply: Combating endometriosis by blocking proteasome and nuclear factor- B pathways. Hum Reprod 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Xiu-li W, Su-ping H, Hui-hua D, Zhi-xue Y, Shi-long F, Pin-hong L. NF-kappaB decoy oligonucleotides suppress RANTES expression and monocyte chemotactic activity via NF-kappaB inactivation in stromal cells of ectopic endometrium. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:387-95. [PMID: 19172384 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway is a critical mediator of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) gene regulation and therefore represents a potential target for therapy of endometriosis-associated symptoms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NF-kappaB decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) on NF-kappaB activation, RANTES expression, and monocyte chemotactic activity in ectopic endometrial stromal cells in vitro. METHODS A specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify RANTES expression in ectopic and normal endometrial stromal cells stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1beta. Four hours after transfection of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs, 10 ng/ml IL-1beta was added to induce the ectopic endometrial stromal cells to secrete RANTES. The NF-kappaB activation, RANTES expression, and monocyte chemotactic activity in ectopic endometrial stromal cells were respectively evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, ELISA, and Boyden chambers. RESULTS IL-1beta induced significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of RANTES expression in a time-dependent manner in ectopic endometrial stromal cells compared with IL-1beta-untreated ectopic and normal endometrial stromal cells. The RANTES accounts for the majority (68%) of the monocyte chemotactic activity in conditioned media of ectopic endometrial stromal cells. In vitro transfection of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs dramatically decreased (P < 0.05) the NF-kappaB activation, RANTES expression, and monocyte chemotactic activity in IL-1beta-induced ectopic endometrial stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS NF-kappaB decoy ODNs may exert anti-inflammatory effects in ectopic endometrial stromal cells via the suppression of NF-kappaB activation, RANTES expression, and monocyte chemotactic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiu-li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 368 North-Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, China.
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Dupas C, Christin-Maitre S. Quelles nouveautés sur l’endométriose ? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2008; 69 Suppl 1:S53-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(08)73969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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