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Dong J, Wang Q, Gu T, Liu G, Petrov YV, Baulin VE, Yu Tsivadze A, Jia D, Zhou Y, Yuan H, Li B. Rapamycin functionalized carbon Dots: Target-oriented synthesis and suppression of vascular cell senescence. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:534-544. [PMID: 38266335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Suppression of vascular cell senescence is of great significance in preventing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The oxidative stress damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to cellular senescence. Rapamycin (Rapa) is well known to suppress cell senescence via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, poor water solubility and lack of ROS scavenging ability limit the further development of Rapa. To improve the solubility of Rapa and endow with ROS scavenging ability, Rapa functionalized carbon dots (Rapa-CDs) are target-oriented synthesized via free radical polymerization combination with hydrothermal carbonization. Rapa-CDs improve the solubility of Rapa and show ROS scavenging abilities. The solubility of Rapa-CDs with 9.41 g is improved 3.6 × 104 times higher than that of Rapa (2.6 × 10-4 g). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Rapa-CDs toward hydroxyl radical (•OH) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) are 0.18 and 0.17 mg/mL, respectively. Rapa-CDs show anti-oxidative stress effect in HEVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) via reducing ROS levels by 87 %. Rapa-CDs alleviate HUVECs senescence by suppressing mTOR overactivation, attenuate the expression of P53, P21 and P16. The study demonstrates the target-oriented synthesis of drugs functionalized CDs with anti-senescence via dual-pathway of anti-oxidative stress and mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Dong
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tingting Gu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Guanxiong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yuri V Petrov
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Baulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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Ge C, Liu D, Sun Y. The promotive effect of activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in oligodendrocytes on nerve myelin regeneration in rats with spinal cord injury. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:284-292. [PMID: 33345640 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1862056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway promotes motor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in both neurons and astrocytes. But the role and mechanism of this pathway in oligodendrocytes during nerve repair following SCI has not been researched. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of this signaling pathway in oligodendrocytes on nerve myelin regeneration and motor function recovery in rats with SCI. METHODS After inhibiting or activating this signaling pathway, Western blotting and double immunofluorescence labeling were used to determine the levels of the signaling molecules in this pathway and myelin formation-related proteins in the plane of the thoracic segment of the injured spinal cord. The level of motor function recovery was evaluated and the oligodendrocytes involved in nerve myelin regeneration were studied. Primary oligodendrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro, then MBP, PLP, and MOG were measured with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway was activated after SCI compared with the sham-operated rats, prominently elevated levels of the pathway components were observed in the SC79-treated group. The activation of the signaling pathway significantly increased the expression levels of myelin formation-related proteins, including MBP, PLP, and MOG, and improved the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores in the injured spinal cord. Conversely, rapamycin suppressed the expression of these signaling molecules and reduced the levels of myelin formation-related proteins. CONCLUSION Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway activation can contribute to nerve myelin regeneration and has the potential to improve the regenerative environment and motor function, as well as the potential to promote repair of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Lv DM, Cao S, Yang G, Zhang Z, Yu Q. Fructus lycii oligosaccharide alleviates acute liver injury via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Immunol Res 2024; 72:271-283. [PMID: 38032450 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the immune-environment is essential for treating acute liver injury (ALI). However, the deficiency of an effective immune balancer restricted progress. Herein, we reported an oligosaccharide from Fructus lycii oligosaccharide (FLO). To investigate the effects of FLO, we adopted primary macrophages and LO2 for experiments in vitro. In vivo, we assessed the influence of FLO in ALI with histochemical staining and enzyme indicators detection. Following that, we clarified the underlying mechanisms using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that FLO (100 μg/mL) showed apparent inflammatory reversal effects by shifting the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2 without causing any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CCl4-induced mice were significantly improved by FLO intragastric administration. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was confirmed for the up-regulation of IL-10 via M2 polarization of macrophages. Collectively, our findings highlight the beneficial effects of FLO on ALI therapy via M1 to M2 macrophage conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - De Ming Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Sucheng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Tao SN, Liu XC, Wang YY, Yang H. [LncRNA SNHG11 promotes malignant progression of colorectal cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 104:758-765. [PMID: 38462356 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20231103-00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of lncRNA SNHG11 on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cancer cells and possible mechanisms. Methods: qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of lncRNA SNHG11 in colorectal cancer tissues and its related cell lines. The correlation between SNHG11 expression and clinical prognosis of patients was assessed by bioinformatics techniques. Cultured CRC cell lines were transfected with shCtrl (shCtrl group), shSNHG11#1 (shSNHG11#1 group), shSNHG11#2 (shSNHG11#2 group), Control cDNA (Control cDNA group), and SNHG11 cDNA (SNHG11 cDNA), respectively. Thiazolyl blue (MTT), clone formation assay, Transwell assay, cell scratch assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of CRC cells in each group. Western protein blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins in each group, and the effect of lncRNA SNHG11 knockdown on the growth of tumour cells in vivo was analysed by nude mice tumouring assay. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway inhibitor LY294002 was used for rescue experiments. Results: The expression of lncRNA SNHG11 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer cells and tissues than in normal tissues (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the expression level of SNHG11 was not statistically associated with CRC survival (P>0.05). shSNHG11#2 group compared with shCtrl group. MTT OD490/570 values decreased, the number of CRC cell clones decreased, the number of Transwell cells decreased, the area of cell scratch decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased (P<0.05). The mesenchymal markers matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9), N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly reduced, and the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was upregulated. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was decreased, and the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased (P<0.05).In vivo experiments showed that lncRNA SNHG11 knockdown inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer cells, and the expression of Ki67 was reduced in tumours (P<0.05). LncRNA SNHG11 knockdown inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR.The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 was able to restore the malignant cytological progression of colorectal cancer cells induced by the overexpression of lncRNA SNHG11. Conclusions: LncRNA SNHG11 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer. lncRNA SNHG11 can promote the malignant progression of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and this finding provides a new theoretical basis for targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Tao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241000, China
| | - X C Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241000, China
| | - H Yang
- Central Laboratory,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241000, China
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Bahavar P, Tafrihi M. Exploring the anticancer properties of the gum of Ferula gummosa: impact on cytotoxicity, caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis, and gene expression in SW-480 cells. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1810-1823. [PMID: 37565477 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2246403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferula gummosa Boiss. is a well-known Iranian endemic plant that grows in the north and northeast regions of Iran. In Iranian traditional medicine, its gum is utilized to treat inflammation, pain, and infections of the gastrointestinal system. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the anticancer potential of its gum against colorectal cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the chemical components of the gum of F. gummosa and investigate its effects on SW-480 cells. The experiments included MTT, clonogenic, micronucleus formation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide stain, DNA degradation, caspase 3/7 activity assay, and in vitro wound-healing experiment and investigating the expression of BAX, BCL2, MTOR, and PTEN genes. Chemical analysis using GC/MS identified 102 compounds. The gum had a significant cytotoxic effect on SW-480 cells, with an IC50 value of 1.8 µg/ml for 48 hours. The gum induced apoptosis. Microscopic observations revealed a decrease in cell proliferation, as evidenced by nuclear condensation, increased micronucleus formation, and inhibition of colony formation. Additionally, the gum suppressed cell migration, induced the expression of PTEN and BAX, and down-regulated MTOR and BCL2 genes. These findings suggest that Ferula gummosa has strong cytotoxic properties and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bahavar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Liu P, Zhou J, Cui H, Xu J, Ruan G, Ding C, Wang K. Vitamin D plays a protective role in osteoarthritis by regulating AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway to activate chondrocyte autophagy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2024; 42:736-745. [PMID: 37877411 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/chmuts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The deletion of chondrocyte autophagy seems to play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Patients with OA often have vitamin D (VD) deficiency, and VD supplementation can improve pain and alleviate the progression of joint structures in patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether VD could enhance autophagy by activating the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway and protect against OA. METHODS In this study, the levels of target proteins and genes were examined by western blot and qRT-PCR. Apoptotic cells were detected using TUNEL staining. Characteristics of autophagy were observed by LysoTracker red staining, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection, and transmission electron microscopy. siRNA-mediated AMPK and mTOR knockdown were used to investigate the role of the AMPK/ mTOR signalling pathway in VD-induced autophagy. Haematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O/fast green staining were used detect cartilage alterations. RESULTS We suggested that VD significantly reduced chondrocyte death and alleviated extracellular matrix degradation. Further studies showed that VD promoted the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3II through the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in chondrocytes, activated lysosome activity, promoted the formation of autophagy-associated lysosomes, which played a crucial role in the degradation of intracellular organelles and maintained homeostasis. The anti-apoptotic effect of VD on chondrocytes was associated with the activation of autophagy. The group of AMPK-normal and mTOR-knockdown in the presence of VD inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis by promoting autophagy. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that VD can activate chondrocyte autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junxian Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haigang Cui
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Hefei Co, Hefei, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guangfeng Ruan
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Navaneethan RD, N C J PL, Ramaiah M, Ravindran R, T AK, Chinnathambi A, Ali Alharbi S, Sivagnanam A, Mohemedibrahim PKM. Caralluma pauciflorabased Ag-NPs activate ROS - induced apoptosis through down-regulation of AKT, mTOR and pI3K signaling in human gastric cancer (AGS) cells. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:195102. [PMID: 38320329 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad26d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The phytochemicals found inCaralluma pauciflorawere studied for their ability to reduce silver nitrate in order to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterise their size and crystal structure. Thunbergol, 1,1,6-trimethyl-3-methylene-2-(3,6,9,13-tetram, Methyl nonadecanoate, Methyl cis-13,16-Docosadienate, and (1R,4aR,5S)-5-[(E)-5-Hydroxy-3-methylpent were the major compounds identified in the methanol extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis. UV/Vis spectra, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with Energy Dispersive Xâray Analysis (EDAX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) particle size analyser and atomic force microscope (AfM) were used to characterise theCaralluma paucifloraplant extract-based AgNPs. The crystal structure and estimated size of the AgNPs ranged from 20.2 to 43 nm, according to the characterization data. The anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised fromCaralluma paucifloraextract. The AgNPs inhibited more than 60% of the AGS cell lines and had an IC50 value of 10.9640.318 g, according to the findings. The cells were further examined using fluorescence microscopy, which revealed that the AgNPs triggered apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, the researchers looked at the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells treated with AgNPs and discovered that the existence of ROS was indicated by green fluorescence. Finally, apoptotic gene mRNA expression analysis revealed that three target proteins (AKT, mTOR, and pI3K) were downregulated following AgNP therapy. Overall, the findings imply that AgNPs synthesised from Caralluma pauciflora extract could be used to treat human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Packia Lekshmi N C J
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariselvam Ramaiah
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang-212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajeswari Ravindran
- Biochemistry Discipline, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL-RCMP) Ipoh-30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ananth Kumar T
- Department of Chemistry, Merit Arts and Science College, Idaikal, Ambasamudram-627602, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ananthi Sivagnanam
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Clinbiocare Technology, Mathalamparai, Tenkasi-627 814, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen B, Liu X, Wu S, Hou J, Shang P, Chamba Y, Mehmood K, Fouad D, Li Y, Zhang H. Inhalation of ammonia promotes apoptosis and induces autophagy in hepatocytes via Bax/BCl-2 and m-TOR/ATG5/LC-3bII axes. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169036. [PMID: 38061639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an irritating gas and atmospheric pollutant that endangers the health of humans and animals by stimulating respiratory tract's mucosa and causing liver damage. However, physiological role of ammonia gas in hepatotoxicity remains unclear. To investigate the hepatotoxic effects of inhaled ammonia gas, experiments were conducted using mouse model exposed to 100 ppm of ammonia gas for 21 days. The exposed mice exhibited signs of depression, emaciation, and reduced growth. This study revealed that inhalation of ammonia led to significant decrease in water (P < 0.0001) and food intake (P < 0.05), resulting in slower growth. Histopathological analysis showed that ammonia stress alters the microstructure of the liver by enlarging the gap between hepatic lobule and fibrosis. Moreover, ammonia-induced stress significantly reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCl-2 (P < 0.001), while elevates the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax (P < 0.001). Furthermore, ammonia inhalation significantly increases the protein expression of LC-3bII (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) (P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05) while remarkably decreases the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that inhalation of ammonia gas causes liver damage and suggests autophagy happening via m-TOR/p62/LC-3bII and pro-apoptosis effect mediated by Bax/BCl-2 in the liver damage caused by ammonia inhalation. Our study provides a new perspective on ammonia-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Ge S, Guo Z, Xiao T, Sun P, Yang B, Ying Y. Qingfei Tongluo Mixture Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis through mTOR-Dependent Autophagy in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:5573353. [PMID: 38361765 PMCID: PMC10869187 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5573353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As an interstitial fibrosis disease characterized by diffuse alveolitis and structural alveolar disorders, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has high lethality but lacks limited therapeutic drugs. A hospital preparation used for the treatment of viral pneumonia, Qingfei Tongluo mixture (QFTL), is rumored to have protective effects against inflammatory and respiratory disease. This study aims to confirm whether it has a therapeutic effect on bleomycin-induced IPF in rats and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, model, CQ + QFTL (84 mg/kg chloroquine (CQ) + 3.64 g/kg QFTL), QFTL-L, M, H (3.64, 7.28, and 14.56 g/kg, respectively) and pirfenidone (PFD 420 mg/kg). After induction modeling and drug intervention, blood samples and lung tissue were collected for further detection. Body weight and lung coefficient were examined, combined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining to observe lung tissue lesions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the hydroxyproline (HYP) assay kit were used to detect changes in proinflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and HYP. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to observe changes in proteins related to pulmonary fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12)) and autophagy (P62 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)). Treatment with QFTL significantly improved the adverse effects of bleomycin on body weight, lung coefficient, and pathological changes. Then, QFTL reduced bleomycin-induced increases in proinflammatory mediators and HYP. The expression changes of pulmonary fibrosis and autophagy marker proteins are attenuated by QFTL. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor CQ significantly reversed the downward trend in HYP levels and α-SMA protein expression, which QFTL improved in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. In conclusion, QFTL could effectively attenuate bleomycin-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis through mTOR-dependent autophagy in rats. Therefore, QFTL has the potential to be an alternative treatment for IPF in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Sun XG, Chu XH, Godje Godje IS, Liu SY, Hu HY, Zhang YB, Zhu LJ, Wang H, Sui C, Huang J, Shen YJ. Aerobic Glycolysis Induced by mTOR/HIF-1α Promotes Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Activating M1 Microglia. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:1-15. [PMID: 36385451 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
M1 microglial activation is crucial for the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and there is growing evidence that glucose metabolism is frequently involved in microglial activation. However, the molecular mechanism of glycolysis and its role in M1 microglial activation in the context of EBI are not yet fully understood. In this study, firstly, the relationship between aerobic glycolysis and M1 microglial activation as well as SAH-induced EBI was researched in vivo. Then, intervention on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was performed to investigate the effects on glycolysis-dependent M1 microglial activation and EBI and its relationship with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in vivo. Next, Hif-1α was inhibited to analyze its role in aerobic glycolysis, M1 microglial activation, and EBI in vivo. Lastly, both in vivo and in vitro, mTOR inhibition and Hif-1α enhancement were administered simultaneously, and the combined effects were further confirmed again. The results showed that aerobic glycolysis and M1 microglial polarization were increased after SAH, and glycolytic inhibition could attenuate M1 microglial activation and EBI. Inhibition of mTOR reduced glycolysis-dependent M1 microglial polarization and EBI severity by down-regulating HIF-1α expression, while enhancement had the opposite effects. Blockading HIF-1α had the similar effects as suppressing mTOR, while HIF-1α agonist worked against mTOR antagonist when administered simultaneously. In conclusion, the present study showed new evidence that aerobic glycolysis induced by mTOR/HIF-1α might promote EBI after SAH by activating M1 microglia. This finding provided new insights for the treatment of EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xue-Hong Chu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Shao-Yu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui-Yu Hu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Sui
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying-Jie Shen
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
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11
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He W, Song H, Yang Z, Zhao S, Min J, Jiang Y. Beneficial effect of GABA-rich fermented milk whey on nervous system and intestinal microenvironment of aging mice induced by D-galactose. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127547. [PMID: 37976737 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effect of a freeze-dried powder prepared from a fermentation milk whey containing a high-yield GABA strain (FDH-GABA) against D-galactose-induced brain injury and gut microbiota imbalances in mice by probing changes to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. A prematurely aged mouse model was established by performing the subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. Subsequently, the effects of FDH-GABA on the nervous system and intestinal microenvironment of the mice were explored by measuring their antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory state, autophagy, pathway-related target protein expression levels, and intestinal microorganisms. Compared to the D-gal group, FDH-GABA improved the levels of SOD, T-AOC, IL-10, and neurotransmitters, while it reduced the contents of MDA and TNF-α. FDH-GABA also promoted autophagy and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the brains of the aged mice. Moreover, FDH-GABA restored the diversity of their intestinal flora. Pathological observations indicated that FDH-GABA was protective against damage to the brain and intestine of D-galactose-induced aging mice. These results reveal that FDH-GABA not only improved antioxidant stress, attenuated inflammation, restored the neurotransmitter content, and protected the tissue structure of the intestine and brain, but also effectively improved their intestinal microenvironment. The ameliorative effect of FDH-GABA on premature aging showed a clear dose-response relationship, and at the same time, the changes of intestinal microorganisms showed a certain correlation with the relevant indexes of nervous system. These findings provide insight into the effect of the FDH-GABA intervention on aging, providing a novel means for alleviating detrimental neurodegenerative changes in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- School of Public Health, Dali University, China
| | - He Song
- School of Public Health, Dali University, China
| | | | | | - Juan Min
- School of Public Health, Dali University, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, China.
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12
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Yoshihara T, Dobashi S, Naito H. Pre-heating stress associated with acute oral leucine supplementation effects in rat gastrocnemius muscle: Implications for protein synthesis signaling pathways. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103801. [PMID: 38310810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. The role of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in heat stress-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been well demonstrated; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Essential amino acids, such as leucine, mainly mediate muscle protein synthesis. We investigated the effects of pre-heating and increased Hsp72 expression on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and protein synthesis following leucine administration in rat gastrocnemius muscle. To ensure increased Hsp72 expression in both the red and white portions of the muscle, one leg of male Wistar rats (10-week-old, n = 23) was heat-stressed in 43 °C water for 30 min twice at a 48-h-interval (heat-stressed leg, HS leg). The contralateral leg served as a non-heated internal control (CT leg). After the recovery period (48 h), rats were divided into the pre-administration or oral leucine administration groups. We harvested the gastrocnemius muscle (red and white parts) prior to administration and 30 and 90 min after leucine treatment (n = 7-8 per group) and intramuscular signaling responses to leucine ingestion were determined using western blotting. Heat stress significantly upregulated the expression of Hsp72 and was not altered by leucine administration. Although the phosphorylation levels of mTOR/S6K1 and ERK were similar regardless of heating, 4E-BP1 was less phosphorylated in the HS legs than the CT legs after leucine administration in the red portion of the muscles (P < 0.05). Moreover, c-Myc expression differed significantly after leucine administration in both the red and white portions of the muscles. Our findings indicate that following oral leucine administration, pre-heating partially blunted the muscle protein synthesis signaling response in the rat gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Shohei Dobashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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13
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Han S, Liu P, Yan Q, Cen Y, Wu G, Chen Z, Li M, Deng Y, Luo F, Lin J. Seawater pearl hydrolysate inhibits photoaging via decreasing oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis of Ultraviolet B-induced human skin keratinocytes. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:256-270. [PMID: 37435953 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) is the main reason to cause photoaging skin which not only hinders beauty, brings the patients with psychological burden, but also pathologically leads to the occurrence of tumors in skin. OBJECTIVE This study goes into the inhibitory effect and mechanism of seawater pearl hydrolysate (SPH) to address human skin keratinocytes photoaging induced by UVB. METHODS The photoaging model of Hacat cell was constructed by UVB irradiation, the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, aging, autophagy and autophagy-related protein and signal pathway expression were assessed to characterize the inhibitory effect and mechanism of SPH on photoaging Hacat cell. RESULTS Seawater pearl hydrolysate significantly accelerated (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and markedly reduced (p < 0.05) the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl compound and nitrosylated tyrosine protein, aging level, apoptosis rate in Hacat cell induced by 200 mJ cm-2 UVB after 24 and 48 h of culture; high dose SPH significantly raised (p < 0.05) relative expression level of p-Akt, p-mTOR proteins, and markedly decreased (p < 0.05) relative expression level of LC3II protein, p-AMPK, and autophagy level in Hacat cell induced by 200 mJ cm-2 UVB, or in combination with the intervention of PI3K inhibitor or AMPK overexpression after 48 h of culture. CONCLUSION Seawater pearl hydrolysate can effectively inhibit 200 mJ cm-2 UVB-induced photoaging of Hacat cells. The mechanism indicates removing the excessive ROS through increasing the antioxidation of photoaging Hacat cells. Once redundant ROS is eliminated, SPH works to reduce AMPK, increase PI3K-Akt pathway expression, activate mTOR pathway to lowdown autophagy level, and as a result, inhibit apoptosis and aging in photoaging Hacat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Han
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qiangqiang Yan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yanhui Cen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guanyi Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenxing Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yasheng Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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14
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Zhao H, Ding R, Han J. Curcumin Enhances the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer. ARCH ESP UROL 2024; 77:57-66. [PMID: 38374014 DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247701.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential of combining cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors with curcumin (Cur), a natural compound known for its anti-aging properties, to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS The cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, colony forming assay and cell invasion. The cell cycle and mRNA levels of p16 (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A), p21 (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, CDKN1A) and Rb (RB transcriptional corepressor) were detected by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. SA-β-gal staining and interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA levels were used to evaluate cell aging. Western blot was used to detect mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways. Moreover, Sphere formation assay and mRNA levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1, CD44 and Nanog were used to determine cell stemness. RESULTS The combination of LY2835219 (LY, CDK4/6 inhibitor) and Cur exhibited a synergistic inhibitory effect on PCa cell proliferation (p < 0.01) and invasion (p < 0.01) and Rb gene expression (p < 0.05), as well as a synergistic promotive effect on p61 expression (p < 0.01), p21 expression (p < 0.01) and cell cycle G1 arrest in PCa cells (p < 0.05) compared with LY or Cur alone. LY and LY + Cur increased the SA-β-gal-stained cells (p < 0.01). mTOR (p < 0.01) and STAT3 pathway (p < 0.01) were decreased by LY + Cur (p < 0.01). Furthermore, LY + Cur conditioned medium (CM) inhibited cell stemness by decreasing cell spheres (p < 0.05), ALDH1A1 (p < 0.01), CD44 (p < 0.01) and Nanog (p < 0.01) compared with LY CM. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggested that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor and curcumin may have clinical implications for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandong Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruimin Ding
- Department of Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 450000 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Fan R, Satilmis H, Vandewalle N, Verheye E, De Bruyne E, Menu E, De Beule N, De Becker A, Ates G, Massie A, Kerre T, Törngren M, Eriksson H, Vanderkerken K, Breckpot K, Maes K, De Veirman K. Targeting S100A9 protein affects mTOR-ER stress signaling and increases venetoclax sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:188. [PMID: 38110349 PMCID: PMC10728073 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with limited treatment options and a high demand for novel targeted therapies. Since myeloid-related protein S100A9 is abundantly expressed in AML, we aimed to unravel the therapeutic impact and underlying mechanisms of targeting both intracellular and extracellular S100A9 protein in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. S100A9 silencing in AML cell lines resulted in increased apoptosis and reduced AML cell viability and proliferation. These therapeutic effects were associated with a decrease in mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling. Comparable results on AML cell proliferation and mTOR signaling could be observed using the clinically available S100A9 inhibitor tasquinimod. Interestingly, while siRNA-mediated targeting of S100A9 affected both extracellular acidification and mitochondrial metabolism, tasquinimod only affected the mitochondrial function of AML cells. Finally, we found that S100A9-targeting approaches could significantly increase venetoclax sensitivity in AML cells, which was associated with a downregulation of BCL-2 and c-MYC in the combination group compared to single agent therapy. This study identifies S100A9 as a novel molecular target to treat AML and supports the therapeutic evaluation of tasquinimod in venetoclax-based regimens for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Hatice Satilmis
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandewalle
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Emma Verheye
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gamze Ates
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ann Massie
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Törngren
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden. Scheelevägen 22, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Eriksson
- Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden. Scheelevägen 22, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
- Translational Oncology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Building D, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.
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Mane RR, Kale PP. The roles of HDAC with IMPDH and mTOR with JAK as future targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination therapy. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:689-706. [PMID: 36409592 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that cytokines are important regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In synovial inflammation alteration of the enzyme HDAC, IMPDH enzyme, mTOR pathway, and JAK pathway increase cytokine level. These increased cytokine levels are responsible for the inflammation in RA. Inflammation is a physiological and normal reaction of the immune system against dangerous stimuli such as injury and infection. The cytokine-based approach improves the treatment of RA. To reach this goal, various researchers and scientists are working more aggressively by using a combination approach. The present review of combination therapy provides essential evidence about the possible synergistic effect of combinatorial agents. We have focused on the effects of HDAC inhibitor with IMPDH inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor with JAK inhibitor in combination for the treatment of RA. Combining various targeted strategies can be helpful for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajendra Mane
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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17
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Liu Z, Li Q, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Mao J, Gong S. Proanthocyanidin enhances the endogenous regeneration of alveolar bone by elevating the autophagy of PDLSCs. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1300-1314. [PMID: 37715945 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) on osteogenesis mediated by periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and endogenous alveolar bone regeneration. BACKGROUND Leveraging the osteogenic potential of resident stem cells is a promising strategy for alveolar bone regeneration. PA has been reported to be effective in osteogenesis. However, the effect and mechanism of PA on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs remain elusive. METHODS Human PDLSCs were treated with various doses of PA to assess the cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8. The osteogenic differentiation ability was detected by qRT-PCR analysis, western blot analysis, Alizarin red S staining, and Alkaline Phosphatase staining. The level of autophagy was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. RNA sequencing was utilized to screen the potential signaling pathway. The alveolar bone defect model of rats was created to observe endogenous bone regeneration. RESULTS PA activated intracellular autophagy in PDLSCs, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, this effect could be abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was negatively correlated with PA-mediated autophagy activation. Lastly, PA promoted the alveolar bone regeneration in vivo, and this effect was reversed when the autophagy process was blocked. CONCLUSION PA may activate autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote the osteogenesis of PDLSCs and enhance endogenous alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyao Wang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu LJ, Edwards YJK, Green MR, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101285. [PMID: 37951219 PMCID: PMC10694669 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, which lacks effective therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor, homeobox C6 (HOXC6), is overexpressed in most PDACs, and its inhibition blocks PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. HOXC6 transcriptionally activates tumor-promoting kinase MSK1 and suppresses tumor-inhibitory protein PPP2R2B in PDAC. HOXC6-induced PPP2R2B suppression causes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation, which facilitates PDAC growth. Also, MSK1 upregulation by HOXC6 is necessary for PDAC growth because of its ability to suppress apoptosis via its substrate DDX17. Combinatorial pharmacological inhibition of MSK1 and mTOR potently suppressed PDAC tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC mouse models. PDAC cells with acquired resistance to MSK1/mTOR-inhibitors displayed activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling and were successfully eradicated by IGF1R inhibitor. Furthermore, MEK inhibitor trametinib enhanced the efficacy of dual MSK1 and mTOR inhibition. Collectively, these results identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of PDAC and an approach to overcome acquired drug resistance to prolong therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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19
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Zhang Q, Zou W, He L, Zhang C, Wang Y. The Sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 induces autophagic death in human Medulloblastoma Daoy cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:529-539. [PMID: 37953603 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2270676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in children, and many of these tumors are identified by the abnormal activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Although the Shh inhibitor GDC0449 initially shows some effectiveness in certain tumors, they eventually recur due to drug resistance mechanisms, highlighting the need for new treatment options. In this study, we explore whether GDC0449 induces autophagy in the human MB cell lines. To investigate the ultrastructural pathology changes of GDC0449-treated Daoy and D283 cells, we employed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technology to identify the expression of autophagic vacuoles. Our results indicate that GDC0449 only increases autophagy in Daoy cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation.We also analyzed Beclin1, LC3, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase3 protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagic and apoptotic markers using fluorescence confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, and Western blot. We found that cell autophagy and apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner with GDC0449 treatment. Additionally, we observed increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and decreased protein kinase B (AKT/PKB), Ribosomal Protein S6, eIF4E-binding protein (4EBP1) phosphorylation in GDC0449-treated Daoy cells. It was observed that inhibiting autophagy using Beclin1 siRNA significantly blocked the apoptosis-inducing effects of GDC0449, suggesting that GDC0449 mediates its apoptotic effects by inducing autophagy.Our data suggests that GDC0449 inhibits the growth of human MB Daoy cells by autophagy-mediated apoptosis. The mechanism of GDC0449-induced autophagy in Daoy cells may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjing Zou
- Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao He
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Bi M, Qin Y, Zhao L, Zhang X. Edaravone promotes viability of random skin flaps via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway-mediated enhancement of autophagy. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3088-3104. [PMID: 37042039 PMCID: PMC10502271 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Random skin flap transplantation is a commonly used technique. However, ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury always impair its therapeutic effectiveness through acclerating oxidative stress, apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis. To survive, cells rely on mediating autophagy, DNA repair, immunoregulation to resist these cellular injuries. Thus, mediating autophagy may affect the survival of random skin flaps. The edaravone (EDA), a oxygen radicals scavenger, also possesses autophagy mediator potential, we investigated the effects of EDA on skin flap survival and its autophagy-related mechanisms. In vivo, mice were administered EDA or saline intraperitoneally for 7 days postoperatively. We found that EDA ameliorated the viability of random skin flaps, promoted autophagy and angiogenesis, attenuated apoptosis and oxidative stress. In vitro, mouse umbilical vascular endothelial cells (MUVECs) were administered EDA or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) or rapacymin (Rapa, an autophagy activator) at the beginning of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that EDA promoted cell viability, activated autophagy, enhanced angiogenesis, alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress. On one hand, 3-MA reversed the effects of EDA on cell viability, oxidative stress and apoptosis via inhibiting autophagy. On the other hand, Rapa had the similar effects of EDA. Furthermore, EDA-induced autophagy was mediated through downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. The findings showed that EDA ameliorated viability of random skin flaps by promoting angiogenesis, suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be mediated by autophagic activation through downregulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Bi
- Department of Plastic SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Yonghong Qin
- Department of Plastic SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | | | - Xuanfen Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
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21
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Ma Z, Shen P, Xu X, Li W, Li Y. Role of alpha smooth muscle actin in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12956. [PMID: 37849216 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulpotomy is an effective treatment for retaining vital pulp after pulp exposure caused by caries removal and/or trauma. The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is increased during the wound-healing process, and α-SMA-positive fibroblasts accelerate tissue repair. However, it remains largely unknown whether α-SMA-positive fibroblasts influence pulpal repair. In this study, we established an experimental rat pulpotomy model and found that the expression of α-SMA was increased in dental pulp after pulpotomy relative to that in normal dental pulp. In vitro results showed that the expression of α-SMA was increased during the induction of odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compared with untreated DPSCs. Moreover, α-SMA overexpression promoted the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs via increasing mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, α-SMA overexpression activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway by rapamycin decreased the mitochondrial function in α-SMA-overexpressing DPSCs and suppressed the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Furthermore, we found that α-SMA overexpression increased the secretion of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). In sum, our present study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which α-SMA promotes odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by increasing mitochondrial respiratory activity via the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqi Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyin Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Felici C, Passarelli A, Cafforio P, Racanelli V, Leone P, Tucci M. Lenalidomide arrests cell cycle and modulates PD1-dependent downstream mTOR intracellular signals in melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:357-363. [PMID: 37451673 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to define the best therapeutic strategies in advanced melanoma, the response of many patients remains heterogeneous and of short duration. Lenalidomide, an immunomodulating drug, has shown anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and anticancer properties in haematological disorders; however, few preclinical data support the rationale for using this drug in melanoma patients. In this study, we investigate lenalidomide's potential role in melanoma by focusing on the in-vitro drug's antiproliferative activity. The antiproliferative action of lenalidomide was evaluated on two melanoma cell lines by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assay. P21 protein levels were evaluated with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and western blot analysis while his interaction with specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) was assessed by immunoprecipitation test. The biological effect and molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in the regulation of proliferation were evaluated using ddPCR, flow cytometry, western blot and small interfering RNA transfection. We observed that lenalidomide exerts a cytostatic effect in melanoma cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase through p21 upregulation and modulation of CDK complexes. Furthermore, we found that lenalidomide has an antiproliferative action through the downregulation of melanoma-PD1 expression and consequently the alteration of intracellular signaling of mammalian target of rapamycin/S6. The present study aims to provide new insights into the role of lenalidomide in melanoma and suggesting to potentially translating these findings into a clinical setting to use immunomodulatory derivatives for blocking the pro-tumorigenic activity of the melanoma through the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Felici
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, IRCCS Pascale di Napoli, Napoli
| | - Paola Cafforio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
- Internal Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico di Bari
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
- Oncogenomic and Innovative Therapies Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
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23
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Ma Y, Feng H, Wang Y, Hu L, Su X, Li N, Li X. COTE-1 promotes the proliferation and invasion of small cell lung cancer by regulating autophagy activity via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 71:101918. [PMID: 37454876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COTE-1 has been found to promote the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism of COTE-1 in SCLC is still unclear. Exploring the role of COTE-1 in SCLC is expected to provide a potential target for the prognosis and treatment of SCLC. METHODS The expression of COTE-1 and ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. PCR detected COTE-1 expression level. Cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK8 assay. A wound healing test detected cell migrative ability. Transwell invasion assay detected cell invasive ability. The numbers of autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. WB detected the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and AMPK/mTOR pathway-related proteins. The effect of COTE-1 expression level on the proliferation of SCLC tumor tissues was investigated by establishing a mouse SCLC xenograft tumor model. RESULTS The expression of COTE-1 in SCLC tissues and cells was higher than that in normal tissues and cells. In SCLC cells with high COTE-1 expression, the expression level of autophagy proteins was notably increased, the number of intracellular autophagosomes increased, and the proliferative activity, migration and invasion abilities were enhanced. COTE-1 promotes autophagy, proliferation, and invasion of SCLC cells under nutrient deprivation by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Activation of autophagy by COTE-1 promotes the proliferation and development of xenograft tumors in a mouse model of SCLC. CONCLUSION COTE-1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of small cell lung cancer by mediating autophagy based on the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huijing Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Ma L, Yan Y, Zhao L, Han S, Wu D, Borlongan CV, Li J, Ji X. cPKCγ-Modulated Autophagy Contributes to Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection in Mice with Ischemic Stroke via mTOR-ULK1 Pathway. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:790-801. [PMID: 36214939 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-specific conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)γ mediates cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). In parallel, autophagy plays a prosurvival role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against ischemic stroke. However, the effect of cPKCγ on autophagy in IPC still remains to be addressed. In this study, adult and postnatal 1-day-old C57BL/6 J wild-type (cPKCγ+/+) and knockout (cPKCγ-/-) mice were used to establish in vivo and in vitro IPC models. The results showed that IPC pretreatment alleviated neuronal damage caused by lethal ischemia, which could be suppressed by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1. Meanwhile, cPKCγ knockout blocked IPC-induced neuroprotection, accompanied by significant increase of LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and Beclin 1 protein level, and a significant decrease in p62 protein level. Immunofluorescent staining results showed a decrease of LC3 puncta numbers in IPC-treated cPKCγ+/+ neurons with fatal ischemia, which was reversed in cPKCγ-/- neurons. In addition, cPKCγ-modulated phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser 2448 and ULK1 at Ser 555, rather than p-Thr-172 AMPK, was detected in IPC-pretreated neurons upon lethal ischemic exposure. The present data demonstrated that cPKCγ-modulated autophagy via the mTOR-ULK1 pathway likely modulated IPC-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Longhui Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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25
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Fan K, Yuan S, Zhou M, Yu Y, Guo J, Fang L, Zhou C, Cui P, Zhang S, Li R, Wang Z, Zhong L, Zeng L. Enhanced Biohomogeneous Composite Membrane-Encapsulated Nanoplatform with Podocyte Targeting for Precise and Safe Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18037-18054. [PMID: 37713364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), associated with high mobility and disability, is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Dysfunction of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in the glomeruli is the main hypnosis for DN progression. However, the use of mTOR inhibitors for DN treatment remains controversial. In this study, we built a multifunctional selective mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibiting nanoplatform (naming as ESC-HCM-B) that targets the release of mTOR and ROS inhibitors near podocytes, aiming to confirm whether combination therapy is an alternative method for DN treatment. The results showed that ESC-HCM-B achieved high drug loading because of the core mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs), and the enhanced biohomogeneous composite membrane endowed ESC-HCM-B with the characteristics of avoiding immune phagocytosis, automatic valve-type slow-release drug, and high stability. In vitro, the nanoplatform showed high efficiency in podocyte targeting but no significant cytotoxicity or apoptotic promotion. In particular, the quantum dots carried by ESC-HCM-B further amplified the effect of "nanoenzyme"; this mechanism reduced the ROS level in podocytes induced by high glucose, protected mitochondrial damage, and restored mitochondrial energy metabolism. In vivo, the nanoplatform specifically targeted the glomerular and podocyte regions of the kidney. After treatment, the nanoplatform significantly reduced urinary protein levels and delayed glomerulosclerosis in DN rats. This nanoplatform provides a safe and effective strategy for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shiyi Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Yongchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Radiation Oncology Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Peijin Cui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular Disease Research, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guanyuan, 628000, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Kamranian H, Asoudeh H, Sharif RK, Taheri F, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Alavi A, Motaghinejad M. Neuroprotective potential of trimetazidine against tramadol-induced neurotoxicity: role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:607-623. [PMID: 37051630 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2202785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol (TRA) causes neurotoxicity whereas trimetazidine (TMZ) is neuroprotective. The potential involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the neuroprotection of TMZ against TRA-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into groups. Groups 1 and 2 received saline or TRA (50 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received TRA (50 mg/kg) and TMZ (40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) for 14 days. Group 6 received TMZ (160 mg/kg). Hippocampal neurodegenerative, mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptosis, autophagy, and histopathology were evaluated. TMZ decreased anxiety and depressive-like behavior induced by TRA. TMZ in tramadol-treated animals inhibited lipid peroxidation, GSSG, TNF-α, and IL-1β while increasing GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in the hippocampus. TRA inhibited Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase levels. TMZ reduced these changes. TRA decreased the level of JNK and increased Beclin-1 and Bax. TMZ decreased phosphorylated Bcl-2 while increasing the unphosphorylated form in tramadol-treated rats. TMZ activated phosphorylated PI3Ks, Akt, and mTOR proteins. TMZ inhibited tramadol-induced neurotoxicity by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and its downstream inflammatory, apoptosis, and autophagy-related cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kamranian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Asoudeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang F, Zhao D, Cheng M, Liu Y, Chen Z, Chang J, Dou Y. mTOR-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming Nanomodulators Enable Sensitive Switching of Energy Deprivation-Induced Microglial Polarization for Alzheimer's Disease Management. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15724-15741. [PMID: 37565731 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that senses brain homeostasis imbalances is necessary to drive detrimental microglial polarization, and specific targeting of this process contributes to the flexible control of pathological inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD), displaying distinctive therapeutic benefits. Herein, glutathione-functionalized gold nanocages loaded with the immunosuppressant fingolimod hydrochloride are developed as brain-targeted and microglia-located immunometabolic reprogramming nanomodulators (GAF NPs) for AD management. By virtue of glutathione-mediated transport properties, this nanomodulator can cross the blood-brain barrier and localize to microglia in AD lesions. Through blocking Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathways, GAF NPs not only promote the dominated metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation under immune activation but also inhibit transporter-mediated glucose overconsumption by microglia. Correlation analysis based on real-time bioenergetic assessment and 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET reveals that brain glucose utilization and metabolism restored by GAF NP treatment can serve as a sensitive and effective indicator for microglial M1 to M2 polarization switching, ultimately alleviating neuroinflammation and its derived neurodegeneration as well as ameliorating cognitive decline in AD mice. This work highlights a potential nanomedicine aimed at modifying mTOR-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming to halt energy deprivation-induced AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Yining Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
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Park JS, Choe K, Lee HJ, Park TJ, Kim MO. Neuroprotective effects of osmotin in Parkinson's disease-associated pathology via the AdipoR1/MAPK/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:66. [PMID: 37568205 PMCID: PMC10422754 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent age-related neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Both environmental and genetic aspects are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Osmotin is a structural and functional homolog of adiponectin, which regulates the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), thus attenuating PD-associated pathology. Therefore, the current study investigated the neuroprotective effects of osmotin using in vitro and in vivo models of PD. METHODS The study used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced and neuron-specific enolase promoter human alpha-synuclein (NSE-hαSyn) transgenic mouse models and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)- or alpha-synuclein A53T-treated cell models. MPTP was injected at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for five days, and osmotin was injected twice a week at a dose of 15 mg/kg for five weeks. We performed behavioral tests and analyzed the biochemical and molecular changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum. RESULTS Based on our study, osmotin mitigated MPTP- and α-synuclein-induced motor dysfunction by upregulating the nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1) transcription factor and its downstream markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). From a pathological perspective, osmotin ameliorated neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Additionally, osmotin alleviated the accumulation of α-synuclein by promoting the AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) autophagy signaling pathway. Finally, in nonmotor symptoms of PD, such as cognitive deficits, osmotin restored synaptic deficits, thereby improving cognitive impairment in MPTP- and α-synuclein-induced mice. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our findings indicated that osmotin significantly rescued MPTP/α-synuclein-mediated PD neuropathology. Altogether, these results suggest that osmotin has potential neuroprotective effects in PD neuropathology and may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD UK
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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Cox A, Tung M, Li H, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. In vitro delivery of mTOR inhibitors by kidney-targeted micelles for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:223-229. [PMID: 36804177 PMCID: PMC10439257 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease and is characterized by the formation of renal cysts and the eventual development of end-stage kidney disease. One approach to treating ADPKD is through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which has been implicated in cell overproliferation, contributing to renal cyst expansion. However, mTOR inhibitors, including rapamycin, everolimus, and RapaLink-1, have off-target side effects including immunosuppression. Thus, we hypothesized that the encapsulation of mTOR inhibitors in drug delivery carriers that target the kidneys would provide a strategy that would enable therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target accumulation and associated toxicity. Toward eventual in vivo application, we synthesized cortical collecting duct (CCD) targeted peptide amphiphile micelle (PAM) nanoparticles and show high drug encapsulation efficiency (>92.6%). In vitro analysis indicated that drug encapsulation into PAMs enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of all three drugs in human CCD cells. Analysis of in vitro biomarkers of the mTOR pathway via western blotting confirmed that PAM encapsulation of mTOR inhibitors did not reduce their efficacy. These results indicate that PAM encapsulation is a promising way to deliver mTOR inhibitors to CCD cells and potentially treat ADPKD. Future studies will evaluate the therapeutic effect of PAM-drug formulations and ability to prevent off-target side effects associated with mTOR inhibitors in mouse models of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Cox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ko JH, Oh JY. Mesenchymal stromal cells regulate THP-1-differentiated macrophage cytokine production by activating Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:858-865. [PMID: 37125989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in macrophages converges inflammatory and metabolic signals from multiple receptors to regulate a cell's survival, metabolism and activation. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are well known to modulate macrophage activation, the effects of MSCs on the Akt/mTOR pathway in macrophages have not been elucidated. METHODS We herein investigated whether MSCs affect the Akt/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway to regulate macrophage polarization. RESULTS Results showed that human bone marrow-derived MSCs induced activation of Akt and its downstream mTORC1 signaling in THP-1-differentiated macrophages in a p62/sequestosome 1-independent manner. Inhibition of Akt or mTORC1 attenuated the effects of MSCs on the suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-12 production and the promotion of interleukin-10 and tumor growth factor-β1 in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide/ATP. Conversely, activation of Akt or mTORC1 reproduced and potentiated MSC effects on macrophage cytokine production. MSCs with cyclooxygenase-2 knockdown, however, failed to activate the Akt/mTORC1 signaling in macrophages and were less effective in the modulation of macrophage cytokine production than control MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that MSCs control THP-1-differentiated macrophage activation at least partly through upregulation of the Akt/mTORC1 signaling in a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Ko
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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31
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Leung A, Rangamani P. Computational modeling of AMPK and mTOR crosstalk in glutamatergic synapse calcium signaling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37460570 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal energy consumption is vital for information processing and memory formation in synapses. The brain consists of just 2% of the human body's mass, but consumes almost 20% of the body's energy budget. Most of this energy is attributed to active transport in ion signaling, with calcium being the canonical second messenger of synaptic transmission. Here, we develop a computational model of synaptic signaling resulting in the activation of two protein kinases critical in metabolic regulation and cell fate, AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and investigate the effect of glutamate stimulus frequency on their dynamics. Our model predicts that frequencies of glutamate stimulus over 10 Hz perturb AMPK and mTOR oscillations at higher magnitudes by up to 36% and change the area under curve (AUC) by 5%. This dynamic difference in AMPK and mTOR activation trajectories potentially differentiates high frequency stimulus bursts from basal neuronal signaling leading to a downstream change in synaptic plasticity. Further, we also investigate the crosstalk between insulin receptor and calcium signaling on AMPK and mTOR activation and predict that the pathways demonstrate multistability dependent on strength of insulin signaling and metabolic consumption rate. Our predictions have implications for improving our understanding of neuronal metabolism, synaptic pruning, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leung
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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McGlynn ML, Rosales AM, Collins CW, Slivka DR. The independent effects of local heat application on muscle growth program associated mRNA and protein phosphorylation. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103602. [PMID: 37331320 PMCID: PMC10528064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle is crucial for the support of daily function. Recent evidence suggests that genes coded for proteins associated with the human muscle growth program (myogenic and proteolytic genes) are sensitive to local heat application. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of 4 h of local heat application to the vastus lateralis at rest on acute phosphorylation (mTORSer2448, p70-S6K1Thr389, and 4E-BP1Thr47/36) and gene expression changes for proteins associated with the muscle growth program. Intramuscular temperature of the HOT limb was 1.2 ± 0.2 °C higher than CON limb after 4 h of local heating. However, this local heat stimulus did not influence transcription of genes associated with myogenesis (MSTN, p = 0.321; MYF5, p = 0.445; MYF6, p = 0.895; MEF2a, p = 0.809; MYO-G, p = 0.766; MYO-D1, p = 0.118; RPS3, p = 0.321; and RPL-3L, p = 0.577), proteolysis (Atrogin-1, p = 0.573; FOXO3a, p = 0.452; MURF-1, p = 0.284), nor protein phosphorylation (mTORSer2448, p = 0.981; P70-S6K1Thr389, p = 0.583; 4E-BP1Thr37/46, p = 0.238) associated with the muscle growth program. These findings suggest little to no association between the local application of heat, at rest, and the activation of the observed muscle growth program-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L McGlynn
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Alejandro M Rosales
- School of Integrated Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Christopher W Collins
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Dustin R Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA; School of Integrated Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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Guo Y, Zheng B, Tian P, Zheng J, Li Y, Ding X, Xue W, Ding C. HLA class II antibody activation of endothelial cells induces M2 macrophage differentiation in peripheral blood. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:309-320. [PMID: 36611129 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antibodies (HLA-II Abs) combined with allogeneic endothelial cells (ECs) mediate high-risk rejection in kidney transplant patients. Macrophage accumulation is a significant histological feature of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplant patients. Here, we further investigated the effect of HLA-II Abs on macrophage phenotypes to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of AMR. METHODS We prepared an experimental model containing HLA-II Ab-stimulated microvascular ECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-culture and explored the potential relationship of HLA-II Ab, ECs activation, and macrophage differentiation. Immune phenotype of macrophage subsets was analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry. HLA-II Ab activation of ECs induces M2 macrophage differentiation signal pathways which were investigated by qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS The stimulation of ECs by F(ab')2 fragment of HLA-II Abs led to phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, which mediated IL-10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 secretion. The enhanced ICAM-1 and IL-10 promoted the migration of PBMCs and their differentiation into CD68+ and CD163+ (M2-type) macrophages, respectively, but not CD86+ macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings revealed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways activated by HLA-II Abs in ECs and the immune regulation ability of HLA-II Abs to induce PBMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Guo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingxuan Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Puxun Tian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Liu B, Xie H, Du X, Zhou Y, Huang J. Catalpol Inhibits Autophagy to Ameliorate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via the AKT-mTOR Pathway. Int Heart J 2023; 64:910-917. [PMID: 37778994 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of anthracycline, doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used as an antitumor drug, but its clinical application has been greatly hindered due to its severe cardiotoxicity. Hence, in this study, we investigated the role of catalpol (CTP) and its effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.The cardiac function of mice was evaluated by assessing lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, heart weight to body weight, and heart weight/tibia length levels. Histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay was used to examine myocardial apoptosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to confirm the changes in oxidative stress. Western blotting showed the levels of autophagy- and pathway-related proteins. Expression of autophagy marker LC3 was examined using immunofluorescence staining.CTP alleviated DOX-induced cardiac damage in mice. We further observed upregulated SOD and GSH levels, and downregulated MDA level after the CTP treatment in DOX-treated mice, indicating the protective role of CTP against oxidative injury. DOX-induced myocardial apoptosis was also inhibited by CTP treatment in mice. In addition, CTP decreased the levels of Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I, increased the levels of P62, and activated the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in DOX-treated mice.CTP ameliorated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, myocardial apoptosis, and autophagy via the AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiongbing Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiashun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Lin J, Wu X. Halofuginone inhibits cell proliferation and AKT/mTORC1 signaling in uterine leiomyoma cells. Growth Factors 2022; 40:212-220. [PMID: 36001478 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of antifibrotic agent halofuginone on uterine leiomyomas (ULs) cells. The survival of the uterine smooth muscle (UtSMC) cells and UL ELT3 cells were measured. Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Effects of halofuginone on the state of AKT/mTOR pathway were evaluated. Xenograft animal model was applied to explore the effects of halofuginone in vivo. Halofuginone inhibited the proliferation of ELT3 cells dose-dependently without obvious influence on UtSMC cells. Halofuginone suppressed cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis of ELT3 cells dose-dependently. Also, p-AKT/AKT and p-p70S6/p70S6 were significantly lowered after treatment with 20 nM halofuginone. Additionally, halofuginone reduced ELT3 tumor growth in xenograft tumor animal model. The present study illustrates that halofuginone inhibits cell proliferation of ULs with low side effects on normal smooth muscle cells, and AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was inactivated meanwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Longyan People Hospital, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Longyan People Hospital, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
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Huang CH, Lei KF. Cell marathon: long-distance cell migration and metastasis-associated gene analysis using a folding paper system. Lab Chip 2022; 22:3827-3836. [PMID: 36093980 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A high mortality rate was found in cancer patients with distant metastasis. Development of targeted drugs for effectively inhibiting cancer metastasis is the key for increasing therapeutic success. In the current study, a folding paper system was developed to mimic a tumor-vascular interface for the study of long-distance cell migration. Correlation between the cell migration distance and metastasis-associated gene was successfully analyzed by disassembling the stacked paper construct. The result revealed that the migration distance and number of migrated cells were highly correlated to cell characteristics. Moreover, immunocytochemistry was directly conducted on the paper layer to study the signaling pathway. Kelch-like and protein tyrosine phosphatase families were examined and the PTPN13 gene was shown to regulate long-distance cell migration. By analyzing the phosphorylated mTOR, the PTPN13 gene was further confirmed to be a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits long-distance cell migration. The folding paper system provides an alternative approach for long-distance cell migration. Metastasis-associated gene expression can be analyzed to potentially develop targeted drugs for cancer metastasis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan.
| | - Kin Fong Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Petővári G. [mTOR complex activity and metabolic changes as potential targets in solid tumors]. Magy Onkol 2022; 66:239-241. [PMID: 36200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the activity and inhibition of mTOR and other metabolic pathways with their clinical significance in human breast tumors (using ten cell lines and nearly a hundred biopsy samples).Based on our results, the metabolic and mTOR inhibitor treatments showed a moderate tumor growth inhibitory effect in the cell lines subtype independently, which indicates tumor cell and tissue adaptation. Providing human tissue samples, we found a subtype independent correlation between high mTOR activity and protein expression characterizing alternative metabolic pathways with increased expression and the poor prognosis of breast tumors. Breast tumors are characterized by metabolic heterogeneity and significant metabolic plasticity, which can be targeted by combining anti-metabolic treatments and new therapies. Concerning these, an immunohistochemical evaluation (IHC panel) can be recommended, which is suitable for both metabolic plasticity evaluation and recognition of cases that may require stricter follow-up or metabolic targeted therapy due to the expected poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petővári
- Patológiai Tudományok Doktori Iskola, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
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Bai J, Geng B, Wang X, Wang S, Yi Q, Tang Y, Xia Y. Exercise Facilitates the M1-to-M2 Polarization of Microglia by Enhancing Autophagy via the BDNF/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Neuropathic Pain. Pain Physician 2022; 25:E1137-E1151. [PMID: 36288601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury, microglia are rapidly activated and accumulated in the spinal cord. Physical exercise can alleviate neuropathic pain. However, the exact mechanism underlying this analgesic effect is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which exercise alleviates neuropathic pain in relation to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), microglia polarization, and autophagy. STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled animal study divided into 2 stages. The first stage comprised 4 groups each with 6 mice, and the second stage comprised 6 groups, 3 with 18 mice and 3 with 12 mice. SETTING Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University. METHODS Von Frey filaments, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were conducted to detect relevant markers. RESULTS After peripheral nerve injury, exercise training downregulated BDNF expression and reversed microglial activation, as indicated by the increased expression of the M2 marker CD206 and decreased expression of the M1 marker CD86 in the spinal dorsal horn of mice. Autophagy flux was enhanced after exercise training, as suggested by the increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 and decreased expression of the autophagy adaptor protein p62. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine aggravated M1 polarization and hyperalgesia, whereas autophagy induced by rapamycin promoted M2 polarization and reduced hyperalgesia. Intrathecal injection of BDNF significantly upregulated BDNF expression, inhibited autophagy, triggered M1 polarization of spinal microglia, and aggravated hyperalgesia. Furthermore, BDNF regulated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby participating in exercise training-mediated polarization of microglia after nerve injury. LIMITATIONS The effect of exercise on autophagy and pain cannot be assessed in an in vitro model. The influence of intrathecal injection of BDNF on the metabolic changes in other neuronal cells and the subsequent effects on pain should be investigated. Further studies on how exercise training modulates microglial autophagy to alleviate neuropathic pain are needed. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training promoted the recovery of sciatic nerve injury in mice, possibly by regulating microglial polarization through BDNF/AKT/mTOR signaling-mediated autophagy flux. We confirmed the efficacy of exercise training in alleviating neuropathic pain and suggest a new therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Guo H, Ruan C, Zhan X, Pan H, Luo Y, Gao K. Crocetin Protected Human Hepatocyte LO2 Cell From TGF-β-Induced Oxygen Stress and Apoptosis but Promoted Proliferation and Autophagy via AMPK/m-TOR Pathway. Front Public Health 2022; 10:909125. [PMID: 35836988 PMCID: PMC9273739 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.909125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effects of crocetin against transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)—induced injury in LO2 cells. Methods Human hepatocyte LO2 cells were pre-treated with crocetin (10 μM) for 6, 12, and 24 h, and then induced by TGF-β. Proliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and related proteins were assessed. Results Crocetin pre-treating promoted proliferation but suppressed apoptosis in TGF-β-induced LO2 cells. Crocetin protected LO2 cells from TGF-β-induced inflammation and oxygen stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) but enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Autophagy was suppressed in TGF-β but crocetin promoted autophagy in LO2 cells by mediating Adenosine 5'-monophosphate—activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) signaling pathway via upregulating p-AMPK and p-Beclin-1 but downregulating p-mTOR. Conclusions Crocetin protected LO2 cells from TGF-β-induced damage by promoting proliferation and autophagy, and suppressing apoptosis and anti-inflammation via regulation of AMPK/m-TOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Gao
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Shen L, Ji C, Lin J, Yang H. Regulation of circADAMTS6-miR-324-5p-PIK3R3 ceRNA pathway may be a novel mechanism of IL-1β-induced osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:389-401. [PMID: 35333985 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 6 (ADAMTS6)-derived circular RNA (circADAMTS6; hsa_circ_0008667) is a novel regulator in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes (HCs). Here, we planned to probe into its role and mechanism underlying HCs injury in osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real time-quantitative PCR and immunoblotting estimated the abundance of RNA and protein, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by WST-8, EdU, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and caspase3/7 activity assays. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein), extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins (matrix metalloproteinase-13 and collagen type II alpha-1), and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins (AKT, mTOR, phosphorylated-AKT, and phosphorylated-mTOR) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. Target relationship was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter, Argonaute-2 immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS Abundances of circADAMTS6 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) were underexpressed, and microRNA (miR)-324-5p was elevated in human osteoarthritic tissues and IL-1β-induced HCs. Overexpressing circADAMTS6 and inhibiting miR-324-5p enhanced proliferation and ECM synthesis, but suppressed apoptosis and inflammatory response in IL-1β-challenged HCs. Besides, silencing circADAMTS6 caused similar effects of IL-1β stress on HCs. Mechanically, there was a direct interaction between miR-324-5p and circADAMTS6 or PIK3R3, and IL-1β-induced activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was suppressed by circADAMTS6 overexpression and miR-324-5p silencing. Furthermore, counteractive effects of miR-324-5p upregulation on circADAMTS6 overexpression and PIK3R3 knockdown on miR-324-5p silencing were observed. CONCLUSION CircADAMTS6-miR-324-5p-PIK3R3 axis might participate in IL-1β-induced HCs dysfunction via competing endogenous RNA mechanism and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, No.261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, No.261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Hongping Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, No.261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Atmaca H, Camli Pulat C, Cittan M. Liquidambar orientalis Mill. gum extract induces autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:1011-1019. [PMID: 32909456 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1818187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquidambar orientalis Mill (LOM), is an endemic species having a local distribution in the southwestern coastal district of Turkey. Styrax liquidus gum (SLG), is a gum-like resinous which exudates in response to injury of the trunk of LOM. The aim of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic SLG extract in human prostate cancer cells. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the volatile compound composition. Cytotoxicity was determined by XTT analysis. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated via ELISA assay. Autophagic cell death was detected via monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and by measuring the levels of LC3I and LC3II. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were evaluated by western blot analysis. In the present study, it is shown that the SLG extract containing a considerable amount of ravidomycin derivate induced autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
| | - Cisil Camli Pulat
- Applied Science Research Center, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cittan
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Turkey
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Taghiloo S, Norozi S, Asgarian-Omran H. The Effects of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Inhibitors on the Expression of Immune Checkpoint Ligands in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 21:178-188. [PMID: 35490271 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v21i2.9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of immune checkpoint ligands is considered as one of the most important immune escape mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we investigate a relationship between the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and the regulation of immune checkpoint ligands in AML cells. The HL-60 cell line was treated with idelalisib as PI3K inhibitor, MK-2206 as Akt inhibitor, and everolimus as mTOR inhibitor either in a single or combined format. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The relative expression of PD-L1, galectin-9, and CD155 was determined by real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrated decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of HL-60 cells after treatment with idelalisib, MK-2206, and everolimus. As expected, the combined treatment showed a more inhibiting effect than the single treatment. Interestingly, our results elucidated that the expression of PD-L1 and Gal-9 but not MK-2206 decreased after treatment with idelalisib and everolimus. Regarding CD155, the expression of this molecule was downregulated after treatment with everolimus, but not idelalisib and MK-2206. However, combined treatment of HL-60 cells with two or three inhibitors decreased the expression levels of PD-L1, Gal-9, and CD155 checkpoint ligands. We showed that PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors not only serve as cytotoxic drugs but also regulate the expression of immune checkpoint ligands and interfere with the immune evasion mechanisms of AML leukemic cells. Combinational treatment approaches to block these pathways might be a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for AML patients via interfering in immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Saeid Norozi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Cai Z, Qian B, Pang J, Tan ZB, Zhao K, Lei T. Celastrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy via the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Pituitary ACTH-secreting Adenoma Cells. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:387-396. [PMID: 35419676 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenoma is a relatively intractable endocrine adenoma that can cause a range of severe metabolic disorders and pathological changes involving multiple systems. Previous studies have shown that celastrol has antitumor effects on a variety of tumor cells via the AKT/mTOR signaling. However, whether celastrol has pronounced antitumor effects on pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma is unclear. This study aimed to identify a new effective therapeutic drug for pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma. METHODS Mouse pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma cells (AtT20 cells) were used as an experimental model in vitro and to establish a xenograft tumor model in mice. Cells and animals were administered doses of celastrol at various levels. The effects of celastrol on cell viability, migration, apoptosis and autophagy were then examined. Finally, the potential involvement of AKT/mTOR signaling in celastrol's mechanism was assessed. RESULTS Celastrol inhibited the proliferation and migration of pituitary adenoma cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. It blocked AtT20 cells in the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis and autophagy by downregulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Similar results were obtained in mice. CONCLUSION Celastrol exerts potent antitumor effects on ACTH-secreting adenoma by downregulating the AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhou-Bin Tan
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Wu Z, Zhou M, Tang X, Zeng J, Li Y, Sun Y, Huang J, Chen L, Wan M, Mao C. Carrier-Free Trehalose-Based Nanomotors Targeting Macrophages in Inflammatory Plaque for Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ACS Nano 2022; 16:3808-3820. [PMID: 35199998 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inducing autophagy of macrophages to improve abnormal lipid metabolism is an important way to treat atherosclerosis (AS). Yet, the current application of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent autophagy inducers is limited by the side effects and lack of targeting and low biological availability. Herein, a kind of nitric oxide (NO)-driven carrier-free nanomotor based on the reaction between trehalose (Tr, one of the mTOR-independent autophagy inducers), L-arginine (Arg), and phosphatidylserine (PS) is reported. The developed nanomotors use NO as the driving force, which is generated from the reaction between Arg and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) specifically presenting in the AS microenvironment. The high expression of ROS and iNOS in the AS site can be used as chemoattractants to induce chemotaxis behavior of the nanomotors to achieve the first-step targeting an AS plaque. Subsequently, the "eat me" signal sent by PS is exploited to precisely target to the macrophages in the AS plaque, realizing the plaque-macrophage-targeted effect by this step-by-step strategy. In vitro and in vivo results confirm that the introduction of the concept of carrier-free nanomotors has greatly improved the biological availability of trehalose (the dose can be reduced from 2.5 g kg-1 in previous reports to 0.01 g kg-1 in this work). Particularly, consumed ROS and the production of NO during the targeting process also play positive roles, in which the former regulates the M2 polarization of macrophages and the latter promotes the reconstruction of an endothelial barrier, which contributes to the multilink treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xueting Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaqi Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yazhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuning Sun
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu X, Cui MM, Zhu HZ, Fu PY, Wang GC, Huang L. MiR-199a-3p Overexpression Suppressed Cell Proliferation and Sensitized Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Cells to Imatinib by Inhibiting mTOR Signalling. Acta Haematol 2022; 145:484-498. [PMID: 35313299 DOI: 10.1159/000524158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by constitutive activity of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1. Drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in CML therapy. MicroRNA (miR)-199a-3p plays an important role in many tumours but has rarely been investigated in CML. We aimed to analyse the role and mechanism of miR-199a-3p in regulating imatinib resistance in CML. METHODS The expression of miR-199a-3p and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the serum of CML patients and CML cells was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot. The relative cell survival rate and cell proliferation were determined using a CCK-8 assay and a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using flow cytometry. Moreover, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the correlation between miR-199a-3p and mTOR. RESULTS MiR-199a-3p was downregulated in the serum of CML patients and in CML cells, while mTOR was upregulated. Both miR-199a-3p overexpression and mTOR silencing inhibited CML cell proliferation, promoted CML cell apoptosis, and sensitized these cells to imatinib. mTOR silencing reversed the promoting effect of miR-199a-3p inhibition on the proliferation of CML cells and the inhibitory effects on cell apoptosis and sensitivity to imatinib. MiR-199a-3p directly targeted mTOR. CONCLUSION MiR-199a-3p suppressed cell propagation, facilitated apoptosis of CML cells, and sensitized CML cells to imatinib by downregulating mTOR signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology
- Bromodeoxyuridine/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Luciferases/pharmacology
- Luciferases/therapeutic use
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Yi Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo-Chuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Chatam O, Chapnik N, Froy O. Resveratrol Induces the Fasting State and Alters Circadian Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022; 77:128-134. [PMID: 35178649 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a nutritional substance that has both metabolic and circadian effects. While some studies indicate a correlation between resveratrol and reduced gluconeogenesis, others propose the opposite. Our aim was to study the metabolic effect of resveratrol around the circadian clock in order to determine more accurately the hepatic signaling pathways involved. AML-12 hepatocytes were treated with resveratrol and clock and metabolic markers were measured around the clock. Resveratrol-treated AML-12 hepatocytes showed reduced ratio of the following key metabolic factors: phosphorylated PP2A to total PP2A (pPP2A/PP2A), pAKT/AKT, pFOXO1/FOXO1 and pAMPK/AMPK, indicating inhibition of AKT and AMPK, but activation of PP2A and FOXO1. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated mTOR were low after resveratrol treatment. The levels of the key gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were significantly higher after resveratrol treatment. In accordance with the reduced mTOR activity, the ratio of pBMAL1/BMAL1, the clock transcription factor, also decreased. Bmal1 mRNA oscillated robustly in AML-12 hepatocytes, but resveratrol treatment led to a phase advance and a decrease in its amplitude, similarly to the effect on Srebp1c and Pgc1α mRNA. After resveratrol treatment, daily mRNA levels of Bmal1, Sirt1 and Srebp1c were significantly higher. Resveratrol changes the circadian expression of metabolic and clock genes activating the fasting state and inducing the PP2A-FOXO1-PEPCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opal Chatam
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Wu C, Lang Y, Zhao W, Li Y. Melatonin protects against ovarian damage by inhibiting autophagy in granulosa cells in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100119. [PMID: 36194922 PMCID: PMC9531038 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to further verify the protective mechanism of Melatonin (MT) against ovarian damage through animal model experiments and to lay a theoretical and experimental foundation for exploring new approaches for ovarian damage treatment. METHOD The wet weight and ovarian index of rat ovaries were weighted, and the morphology of ovarian tissues and the number of follicles in the pathological sections of collected ovarian tissues were recorded. And the serum sex hormone levels, the key proteins of the autophagy pathway (PI3K, AKT, mTOR, LC3II, LC3I, and Agt5) in rat ovarian tissues, as well as the viability and mortality of ovarian granulosa cells in each group were measured by ELISA, western blotting, CCK8 kit and LDH kit, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that MT increased ovarian weight and improved the ovarian index in ovarian damage rats. Also, MT could improve autophagy-induced ovarian tissue injury, increase the number of primordial follicles, primary follicles, and sinus follicles, and decrease the number of atretic follicles. Furthermore, MT upregulated serum AMH, INH-B, and E2 levels downregulated serum FSH and LH levels in ovarian damage rats and activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Besides, MT inhibited autophagic apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and repressed the expression of key proteins in the autophagic pathway and reduced the expression levels of Agt5 and LC3II/I. CONCLUSIONS MT inhibits granulosa cell autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect against ovarian damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunli Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Lang
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
The development of osteoarthritis (OA) correlates with a rise in the number of senescent cells in joint tissues, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been implicated in cartilage degradation and OA. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and associated oxidative stress might induce senescence in joint tissue cells. However, senescence is not the only driver of OA, and the mechanisms by which senescent cells contribute to disease progression are not fully understood. Furthermore, it remains uncertain which joint cells and SASP-factors contribute to the OA phenotype. Research in the field has looked at developing therapeutics (namely senolytics and senomorphics) that eliminate or alter senescent cells to stop disease progression and pathogenesis. A better understanding of how senescence contributes to joint dysfunction may enhance the effectiveness of these approaches and provide relief for patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Coryell
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Walsh K, Iskandar G, Kamboj SK, Das RK. An assessment of rapamycin for weakening binge-eating memories via reconsolidation: a pre-registered, double-blind randomised placebo-controlled experimental study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:158-167. [PMID: 31736460 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171900312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maladaptive learning linking environmental food cues to high-palatability food reward plays a central role in overconsumption in obesity and binge eating disorders. The process of memory reconsolidation offers a mechanism to weaken such learning, potentially ameliorating over-eating behaviour. Here we investigated whether putatively interfering with synaptic plasticity using the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, could weaken retrieved chocolate reward memories through blockade of reconsolidation. METHODS Seventy five healthy volunteers with a tendency to binge eat chocolate were randomised to retrieve chocolate reward memory under 10 mg rapamycin (RET + RAP, active condition), or placebo (RET + PBO), or they received 10 mg rapamycin without subsequent retrieval (NO RET + RAP). Indices of chocolate reward memory strength were assessed one week pre and post manipulation and at one month follow-up. RESULTS Contrary to hypotheses, the RET + RAP group did not show any greater reduction than control groups on indices of motivational salience of chocolate cues, motivation to consume chocolate or liking of chocolate. Mild evidence of improvement in the RET + RAP group was found, but this was limited to reduced chocolate binge episodes and improved healthy food choices. CONCLUSIONS We did not find convincing evidence of comprehensive naturalistic chocolate reward memory reconsolidation blockade by rapamycin. The effects on chocolate bingeing and food choices may warrant further investigation. These limited positive findings may be attributable to insufficient interference with mTOR signalling with 10 mg rapamycin, or failure to destabilise chocolate memories during retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Walsh
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT
| | - Georges Iskandar
- University College Hospital and University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, London, UK
| | - Sunjeev K Kamboj
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT
| | - Ravi K Das
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT
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Xue R, Wang J, Yang L, Liu X, Gao Y, Pang Y, Wang Y, Hao J. Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis via the ROS-Triggered mTOR Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:8039694. [PMID: 30881598 PMCID: PMC6383547 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8039694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in pancreatic fibrosis. Any remedies that inhibit the activation of PSCs can be potential candidates for therapeutic strategies in pancreatic fibrosis-related pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our study is aimed at exploring the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against pancreatic fibrosis. METHODS Pancreatic fibrosis was induced by 20% L-arginine (250 mg/100 g) at 1 h intervals twice per week for 8 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. CoQ10 was administered for 4 weeks. Isolated primary PSCs from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 100 μM CoQ10 for 72 h, as well as Rosup and specific inhibitors. The effects of CoQ10 on the activation of PSCs, autophagy, collagen deposition, histological changes, and oxidative stress were analyzed by western blotting, biochemical estimations, immunofluorescence staining, and hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Sirius red staining, as well as with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. RESULTS Pretreatment and posttreatment of CoQ10 decreased autophagy, activation of PSCs, oxidative stress, histological changes, and collagen deposition in the CP mouse model. In primary PSCs, expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were upregulated with CoQ10. A rescue experiment using specific inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway was the underlying mechanism by which CoQ10 ameliorated fibrosis. With the addition of Rosup, expression levels of the autophagy biomarkers LC3 and Atg5 were elevated. Meanwhile, the levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were lower. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that CoQ10 alleviates pancreatic fibrosis by the ROS-triggered PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CoQ10 may be a therapeutic candidate for antifibrotic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanhua Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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