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Pauler FM, Hudson QJ, Laukoter S, Hippenmeyer S. Inducible uniparental chromosome disomy to probe genomic imprinting at single-cell level in brain and beyond. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104986. [PMID: 33600873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that results in parental allele-specific expression of ~1% of all genes in mouse and human. Imprinted genes are key developmental regulators and play pivotal roles in many biological processes such as nutrient transfer from the mother to offspring and neuronal development. Imprinted genes are also involved in human disease, including neurodevelopmental disorders, and often occur in clusters that are regulated by a common imprint control region (ICR). In extra-embryonic tissues ICRs can act over large distances, with the largest surrounding Igf2r spanning over 10 million base-pairs. Besides classical imprinted expression that shows near exclusive maternal or paternal expression, widespread biased imprinted expression has been identified mainly in brain. In this review we discuss recent developments mapping cell type specific imprinted expression in extra-embryonic tissues and neocortex in the mouse. We highlight the advantages of using an inducible uniparental chromosome disomy (UPD) system to generate cells carrying either two maternal or two paternal copies of a specific chromosome to analyze the functional consequences of genomic imprinting. Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) allows fluorescent labeling and concomitant induction of UPD sparsely in specific cell types, and thus to over-express or suppress all imprinted genes on that chromosome. To illustrate the utility of this technique, we explain how MADM-induced UPD revealed new insights about the function of the well-studied Cdkn1c imprinted gene, and how MADM-induced UPDs led to identification of highly cell type specific phenotypes related to perturbed imprinted expression in the mouse neocortex. Finally, we give an outlook on how MADM could be used to probe cell type specific imprinted expression in other tissues in mouse, particularly in extra-embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Pauler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Quanah J Hudson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Laukoter
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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2
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Hendriks S, Dancet EA, van Pelt AM, Hamer G, Repping S. Artificial gametes: a systematic review of biological progress towards clinical application. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:285-96. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Daughtry B, Mitalipov S. Concise review: parthenote stem cells for regenerative medicine: genetic, epigenetic, and developmental features. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:290-8. [PMID: 24443005 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to provide unlimited cells and tissues for regenerative medicine. ESCs derived from fertilized embryos, however, will most likely be rejected by a patient's immune system unless appropriately immunomatched. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) genetically identical to a patient can now be established by reprogramming of somatic cells. However, practical applications of PSCs for personalized therapies are projected to be unfeasible because of the enormous cost and time required to produce clinical-grade cells for each patient. ESCs derived from parthenogenetic embryos (pESCs) that are homozygous for human leukocyte antigens may serve as an attractive alternative for immunomatched therapies for a large population of patients. In this study, we describe the biology and genetic nature of mammalian parthenogenesis and review potential advantages and limitations of pESCs for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Daughtry
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular and Medical Genetics, and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Medicine, and Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kucia M, Masternak M, Liu R, Shin DM, Ratajczak J, Mierzejewska K, Spong A, Kopchick JJ, Bartke A, Ratajczak MZ. The negative effect of prolonged somatotrophic/insulin signaling on an adult bone marrow-residing population of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:315-330. [PMID: 22218782 PMCID: PMC3592960 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that attenuated insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) has a positive effect on longevity in several animal species, including mice. Here, we demonstrate that a population of murine pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) that reside in bone marrow (BM) is protected from premature depletion during aging by intrinsic parental gene imprinting mechanisms and the level of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Accordingly, an increase in the circulating level of IGF-I, as seen in short-lived bovine growth hormone (bGH)-expressing transgenic mice, which age prematurely, as well as in wild-type animals injected for 2 months with bGH, leads to accelerated depletion of VSELs from bone marrow (BM). In contrast, long-living GHR-null or Ames dwarf mice, which have very low levels of circulating IGF-I, exhibit a significantly higher number of VSELs in BM than their littermates at the same age. However, the number of VSELs in these animals decreases after GH or IGF-I treatment. These changes in the level of plasma-circulating IGF-I corroborate with changes in the genomic imprinting status of crucial genes involved in IIS, such as Igf-2-H19, RasGRF1, and Ig2R. Thus, we propose that a chronic increase in IIS contributes to aging by premature depletion of pluripotent VSELs in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Kucia
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- />Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michal Masternak
- />Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
- />Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL USA
- />Institute for Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Riu Liu
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- />Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mierzejewska
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Adam Spong
- />Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL USA
- />Institute for Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - John J. Kopchick
- />Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- />Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL USA
- />Institute for Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- />Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- />Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Kawahara M, Kono T. Roles of genes regulated by two paternally methylated imprinted regions on chromosomes 7 and 12 in mouse ontogeny. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:175-9. [PMID: 22738900 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2011-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the longevity of mice produced without sperm using the genomes of oocytes that are already committed to a germline cell lineage. The first sperm-free mouse "KAGUYA", which we term 'bi-maternal mouse', was born on 3 February, 2003. Bi-maternal embryos were generated using 2 sets of female genomes--one derived from fully grown oocytes from normal adults and the other from non-growing oocytes from newborn pups. These genomes were combined by nuclear transfer. We refined the technique for generating bi-maternal mice and found that genetic manipulations in only 2 regions--the imprinting centres of Igf2-H19 and Dlk1-Gtl2--on chromosomes 7 and 12 of the newborn pups allowed us to generate bi-maternal mice at a high rate. Studying bi-maternal conceptuses and mice provides further insight into the mechanisms by which paternally methylated imprinted genes regulate mammalian ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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Reynolds RG, Booth W, Schuett GW, Fitzpatrick BM, Burghardt GM. Successive virgin births of viable male progeny in the checkered gartersnake,Thamnophis marcianus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Graham Reynolds
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996-1610 USA
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology; W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology; North Carolina State University; Box 7613 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Gordon W. Schuett
- Department of Biology; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience; Georgia State University; 33 Gilmer Street, SE, Unit 8 Atlanta GA 30303-3088 USA
| | - Benjamin M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996-1610 USA
| | - Gordon M. Burghardt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996-1610 USA
- Department of Psychology; University of Tennessee; 1404 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996-0900 USA
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Yang X, Wang X, Yao H, Deng J, Jiang Q, Guo Y, Lan G, Liao DJ, Jiang H. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are associated with the longevity in the Guangxi Bama population of China. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9123-31. [PMID: 22729909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is an interesting and complicated subject, with many associated variations, geographic and genetic, including some known mitochondrial variations. The population of the Bama County of Guangxi Province of China is well known for its longevity and serves as a good model for studying a potential molecular mechanism. In this study, a full sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been done in ten Bama centenarians using direct sequencing. Polymorphisms of the displacement loop (D-loop) region of mtDNA and several serum parameters were analyzed for a total of 313 Bama individuals with ages between 10 and 110 years. The results showed that there were seven mitochondrial variations, A73G, A263G, A2076G, A8860G, G11719A, C14766T, and A15326G, and four haplogroups, M(*), F1, D* and D(4) in 10 Bama centenarians. In the D-loop region of mtDNA, the mt146T occurred at a significantly lower frequency in those is the older age group (90-110 years) than in the middle (80-89 years) and in the younger (10-79 years) groups (P < 0.05). The mt146T also had lower systolic blood pressure and serum markers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein than did mt146C in the older age group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the mt146C and the mt146T individuals in the middle and the younger groups (P > 0.05). The mt5178C/A polymorphisms did not show any significant differences among the three age-groups (P > 0.05), but different nationalities in the Bama County did show a significant difference in the mt5178C/A polymorphisms (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the mt146T/C polymorphisms in Guangxi Bama individuals may partly account for the Bama longevity whereas the mt5178C/A polymorphisms are strongly associated with the nationalities in the Guangxi Bama population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Increase in life span in RasGrf1-deficient mice revealed that RasGrf1 deficiency promotes longevity. Interestingly, RasGrf1 is one of parentally imprinted genes transcribed from paternally-derived chromosome. Erasure of its imprinting results in RasGrf1 downregulation and has been demonstrated in a population of pluripotent adult tissues-derived very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs), stem cells involved in tissue organ rejuvenation. Furthermore, based on recent observation that RasGrf1 signaling molecule is located downstream from insulin (Ins) and insulin like growth factor-1 (Igf-1) receptors, the extended life-span of RasGrf1-/- mice may support beneficial effect of reduced Ins/Igf-1 signaling on longevity. Similarly, downregulation of RasGrf1 in VSELs renders them resistant to chronic Ins/Igf-1 signaling and protects from premature depletion from adult tissues. Thus, the studies in RasGrf1-/- mice indicate that some of the imprinted genes may play a role in ontogenetic longevity and suggest that there are sex differences in life span that originate at the genome level. All this in toto supports a concept that the sperm genome may have a detrimental effect on longevity in mammals. We will discuss a role of RasGrf1 on life span in context of genomic imprinting and VSELs.
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Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Conserved role of Ras-GEFs in promoting aging: from yeast to mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:340-3. [PMID: 21732566 PMCID: PMC3117446 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Catalano R. Selection in utero contributes to the male longevity deficit. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:999-1003. [PMID: 21345567 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The literature offering evolutionary explanations of the male longevity deficit does not address temporal variation in the deficit. This circumstance appears attributable to the fact that natural selection intuitively explains the deficit's pervasive and persistent nature, while social processes more parsimoniously explain its temporal variability. I offer consilience of these perspectives by speculating that selection in utero, a mechanism both conserved by natural selection and affected by social processes, could induce deviations around trend in the male longevity deficit. I describe the mechanism and offer an empirical test of its possible effect among Swedes - a population with the longest continuous record of sex-specific longevity in annual birth cohorts. I replicate the test with data from England and Wales. Results support the hypothesis that selection in utero against less fit males may explain part of the difference in longevity between males and females in modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Catalano
- School of Public Health, 15 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Abstract
In this issue of Biology of Reproduction, Deng and colleagues present a method by which offspring originating from two male mouse genomes can efficiently be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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de Magalhães JP. Paternal genome effects on aging: evidence for a role of Rasgrf1 in longevity determination? Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 132:72-3. [PMID: 21182853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A recent study by Kawahara and Kono (2010) reports that mice artificially produced with two sets of female genomes have an increased average lifespan of 28%. Moreover, these animals exhibit a smaller body size, a trait also observed in several other long-lived mouse models. One hypothesis is that alterations in the expression of paternally methylated imprinted genes are responsible for the life-extension of bi-maternal mice. Considering the similarities in postnatal growth retardation between mice with mutations in the Rasgrf1 imprinted gene and bi-maternal mice, Rasgrf1 is the most likely culprit for the low body weight and extended lifespan of bi-maternal mice. Rasgrf1 is a neuronal guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that induces Ras signaling in a calcium-dependent manner and has been implicated in learning and memory. Like other long-lived mouse strains, Rasgrf1 mutants are known to have low growth hormone and IGF-1 levels and the Rasgrf1 yeast homolog CDC25 had been previously associated with lifespan. Therefore, although the evidence is not conclusive, it does point towards the involvement of Rasgrf1 in the regulation of longevity, hypothetically through a mechanism similar to that observed in other long-lived mice of low GH/IGF-1 signaling causing a low body weight and life-extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Deng JM, Satoh K, Wang H, Chang H, Zhang Z, Stewart MD, Cooney AJ, Behringer RR. Generation of viable male and female mice from two fathers. Biol Reprod 2010; 84:613-8. [PMID: 21148107 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In sexual species, fertilization of oocytes produces individuals with alleles derived from both parents. Here we use pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells to combine the haploid genomes from two males to produce viable sons and daughters. Male (XY) mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (Father #1) were used to isolate subclones that had spontaneously lost the Y chromosome to become genetically female (XO). These male-derived XO stem cells were used to generate female chimeras that were bred with genetically distinct males (Father #2), yielding progeny possessing genetic information that was equally derived from both fathers. Thus, functional oocytes can be generated from male somatic cells after reprogramming and spontaneous sex reversal. These findings have novel implications for mammalian reproduction and assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Min Deng
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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