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Reproduction in Urbanised Coastal Waters: Shallow-Water Sea Anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor and Stichodactyla haddoni) Maintain High Genetic Diversity and Panmixia. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones are sedentary marine animals that tend to disperse via planktonic larvae and are predicted to have high population connectivity in undisturbed habitats. We test whether two sea anemone species living in two different tidal zones of a highly disturbed marine environment can maintain high genetic connectivity. More than 1000 loci with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained with double-digest RADseq for 81 Stichodactyla haddoni and 99 Entacmaea quadricolor individuals to test for population genetic structure. We find evidence that both species predominantly propagate via sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction is limited. We observe panmixia that indicates the absence of effective dispersal barriers for these species living in a highly anthropogenically disturbed environment. This is positive news for both species that are also found in the aquarium trade. More fundamentally, our results suggest that inhabiting different parts of a shallow reef may not affect a species’ population connectivity nor favour asexual reproduction.
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Tay YC, Ng DJJ, Loo JB, Huang D, Cai Y, Yeo DCJ, Meier R. Roads to isolation: Similar genomic history patterns in two species of freshwater crabs with contrasting environmental tolerances and range sizes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4657-4668. [PMID: 29760905 PMCID: PMC5938456 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater species often show high levels of endemism and risk of extinction owing to their limited dispersal abilities. This is exemplified by the stenotopic freshwater crab, Johora singaporensis which is one of the world's 100 most threatened species, and currently inhabits less than 0.01 km2 of five low order hill streams within the highly urbanized island city‐state of Singapore. We compared populations of J. singaporensis with that of the non‐threatened, widespread, abundant, and eurytopic freshwater crab, Parathelphusa maculata, and found surprisingly high congruence between their population genomic histories. Based on 2,617 and 2,470 genome‐wide SNPs mined via the double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequencing method for ~90 individuals of J. singaporensis and P. maculata, respectively, the populations are strongly isolated (FST = 0.146–0.371), have low genetic diversity for both species (also for COI), and show signatures of recent genetic bottlenecks. The most genetically isolated populations for both species are separated from other populations by one of the oldest roads in Singapore. These results suggest that anthropogenic developments may have impacted stream‐dependent species in a uniform manner, regardless of ubiquity, habitat preference, or dispersal modes of the species. While signs of inbreeding were not detected for the critically endangered species, the genetic distinctiveness and low diversity of the populations call for genetic rescue and connecting corridors between the remaining fragments of the natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ywee Chieh Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Daniel Jia Jun Ng
- National Biodiversity Centre National Parks Board Singapore City Singapore
| | - Jun Bin Loo
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences Singapore Polytechnic Singapore City Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yixiong Cai
- National Biodiversity Centre National Parks Board Singapore City Singapore
| | - Darren Chong Jinn Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
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Quinteiro J, Manent P, Pérez-Diéguez L, González JA, Almeida C, Lopes E, Araújo R, Carreira GP, Rey-Méndez M, González-Henríquez N. Phylogeography of a Marine Insular Endemic in the Atlantic Macaronesia: The Azorean Barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124707. [PMID: 25919141 PMCID: PMC4412576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Azorean barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916), is a Macaronesian endemic whose obscure taxonomy and the unknown relationships among forms inhabiting isolated Northern Atlantic oceanic islands is investigated by means of molecular analysis herein. Mitochondrial data from the 16S rRNA and COX1 genes support its current species status, tropical ancestry, and the taxonomic homogeneity throughout its distribution range. In contrast, at the intraspecific level and based on control region sequences, we detected an overall low level of genetic diversity and three divergent lineages. The haplogroups α and γ were sampled in the Azores, Madeira, Canary, and Cabo Verde archipelagos; whereas haplogroup β was absent from Cabo Verde. Consequently, population analysis suggested a differentiation of the Cabo Verde population with respect to the genetically homogenous northern archipelagos generated by current oceanographic barriers. Furthermore, haplogroup α, β, and γ demographic expansions occurred during the interglacial periods MIS5 (130 Kya - thousands years ago -), MIS3 (60 Kya), and MIS7 (240 Kya), respectively. The evolutionary origin of these lineages is related to its survival in the stable southern refugia and its demographic expansion dynamics are associated with the glacial-interglacial cycles. This phylogeographic pattern suggests the occurrence of genetic discontinuity informative to the delimitation of an informally defined biogeographic entity, Macaronesia, and its generation by processes that delineate genetic diversity of marine taxa in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quinteiro
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Manent
- Departament of Biology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lois Pérez-Diéguez
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - José A. González
- Departament of Biology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Corrine Almeida
- Departament of Enginery and Sea Sciences. University of Cabo Verde, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Evandro Lopes
- Departament of Enginery and Sea Sciences. University of Cabo Verde, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Ricardo Araújo
- Natural History Museum of Funchal, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Gilberto P. Carreira
- Regional Directorate of Sea Affaires, Regional Secretary of Natural Resources, Horta, Açores, Portugal
| | - Manuel Rey-Méndez
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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Wares JP. Mitochondrial evolution across lineages of the vampire barnacle Notochthamalus scabrosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:7-10. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.825791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Wares
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Zardus JD. Introduction to the symposium--barnacle biology: essential aspects and contemporary approaches. Integr Comp Biol 2012; 52:333-6. [PMID: 22821583 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ics102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacles have evolved a number of specialized features peculiar for crustaceans: they produce a calcified, external shell; they exhibit sexual strategies involving dioecy and androdioecy; and some have become internal parasites of other Crustacea. The thoroughly sessile habit of adults also belies the highly mobile and complex nature of their larval stages. Given these and other remarkable innovations in their natural history, it is perhaps not surprising that barnacles present a spectrum of opportunities for study. This symposium integrates research on barnacles in the areas of larval biology, biofouling, reproduction, biogeography, speciation, population genetics, ecological genomics, and phylogenetics. Pioneering comparisons are presented of metamorphosis among barnacles from three major lineages. Biofouling is investigated from the perspectives of biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms. Tradeoffs in reproductive specializations are scrutinized through theoretical modeling and empirical validation. Patterns of endemism and diversity are delineated in Australia and intricate species boundaries in the genus Chthamalus are elucidated for the Indo-Pacific. General methodological concerns with population expansion studies in crustaceans are highlighted using barnacle models. Data from the first, draft barnacle genome are employed to examine location-specific selection. Lastly, barnacle evolution is framed in a deep phylogenetic context and hypothetical origins of defined characters are outlined and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Zardus
- The Citadel, Department of Biology, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC 29407, USA.
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