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Soayfane Z, Houshaymi B, Kedees MH, Belec L, Nasreddine N. Cell Proteins Interacting with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Immunoblotting can be Detected by R5- or X4- Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Particles. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:81-85. [PMID: 32566522 PMCID: PMC7289202 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_398_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The present study reported a new immunoblot assay, with revelation by R5- or X4-whole free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) particles or recombinant gp160. Materials and Methods: The assay was optimized to identify cell proteins interacting with HIV. Whole cell lysates were prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), dendritic cells (DC), monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM), and Henrietta Lacks (Hela, wild-type or transfected with DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-Integrin, HeLa) and Human endometrial cells (HEC-1A) lines; HIV particles used were the R5-tropic HIV-1JRCSF and the X4-tropic HIV-1NDK. Results: Experiments with PBL lysates and both viruses demonstrated different bands, including a unique band at 105–117 kDa in addition to nonspecific bands. The 105–117 kDa band migrated at the same level of that observed in controls using total PBL lysate and anti-CD4 mAb for detection and thus likely corresponds to the cluster difference (CD) 4 complex. Blots using lysates of DCs, MDM, HeLa cell line, and HEC-1A cell line allowed identifying several bands that positions were similar to that seen by recombinant gp160 or whole R5- or X4-HIV particles. Conclusion: Blot of whole lysates of various HIV target cells is recognized by free HIV particles and allows identifying a wide range of HIV-interacting cell proteins. Such optimized assay could be useful to recognize new cellular HIV attachment proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Soayfane
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bilal Houshaymi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mamdouh H Kedees
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Belec
- Virology Lab, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Nasreddine
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Azadmanesh K, Mostafavi E, Soori S, Azizi M, Khabiri A. Development of an integrase-based ELISA for specific diagnosis of individuals infected with HIV. J Virol Methods 2015; 215-216:61-6. [PMID: 25712565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are the most common immunological diagnostic methods that are used as the screening tool in HIV detection. Among all three major genes of HIV, the products of gag and env are usually used in EIAs (ELISAs and rapid tests). Hence, the presence of cross reacting antibodies against these antigens leads to the appearance of repetitive false positive results in screening tests. Re-testing the primary reactive samples with EIAs using other HIV antigens can considerably reduce the rate of false positive results. The products of pol gene may act as an appropriate candidate in this context. Integrase is a conserved and immunogenic product of HIV, encoded by the pol gene. The aim of this research was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA detecting integrase antibodies. Recombinant integrase was produced in Escherichia coli to develop the integrase-based ELISA. Assay performance was evaluated by HIV positive and negative sera and an HIV panel of BBI (PRB-601). The sensitivity and specificity of assay was determined as 96.7 [95% confidence interval: 91.3-98.9%] and 100% [95% CI: 96.1-100%], respectively. High specificity of this assay may suggest its possible use in the detection of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Diagnostic Biotechnology Unit, Pasteur institute of Iran, Research and Production complex, Postal Code: 3159915111, 25th kilometer of Tehran-Karaj highway, Iran.
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Virology Department, Pasteur institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur ave, Postal Code: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Epidemiology Department, Pasteur institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur ave, Postal Code: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahrzad Soori
- Hematology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Postal Code: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur ave, Postal Code: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khabiri
- Diagnostic Biotechnology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Research and Production Complex, Postal Code: 3159915111, 25th kilometer of Tehran -Karaj highway, Tehran, Iran.
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Neal JD, Tobian AAR, Laeyendecker O, Ngo TD, Redd AD, Reynolds SJ, Ashley Morrow R, Manucci JL, Serwadda D, Gray RH, Quinn TC. Performance of the Euroline Western blot assay in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in Uganda, China and the USA. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:342-4. [PMID: 21680672 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. While glycoprotein G-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for the serological detection of HSV-2 antibodies, they have low specificity in developing countries. The Euroline Western blot (WB) is a commercially available assay that is easy to perform; however, little is known about its performance characteristics. This study evaluated Euroline WB for the detection of HSV-2 antibodies compared with University of Washington Western blot in three geographically different regions: Baltimore, MD, USA; Rakai, Uganda; and Kunming, China. Among the 135 American men attending a STI clinic in Baltimore, MD, 72% (n = 97) were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB, showing a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 81.8%. Among the 273 commercial sex workers in Kunming, 62.3% were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB (sensitivity 96.9%, specificity 89.1%). Among the 437 Ugandans in Rakai, 67.3% were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB (sensitivity 98.7%, specificity 65.4%). The Euroline WB has a consistently high sensitivity, but specificity varied significantly among the different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Neal
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chappel RJ, Wilson KM, Dax EM. Immunoassays for the diagnosis of HIV: meeting future needs by enhancing the quality of testing. Future Microbiol 2010; 4:963-82. [PMID: 19824789 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays for detecting HIV infection perform better than other serological assays. HIV immunoassays are presented in a number of different formats: instrument-based, plate, rapid assays and as immunoblots. HIV immunoassays for screening and diagnosis are now in their fourth generation; an assay generation meaning that significant modifications to the assay format have led to a significant enhancement in quality. Although still not perfect, they are now of exceptionally high quality if conducted properly. Most problems relate to how the assays are performed. Many laboratories, especially in high human development index (HDI) countries, manage testing within functioning quality-management systems, but this is not true of laboratories in low HDI countries or in many medium HDI countries. Simple rapid tests for HIV are being used increasingly, and create special challenges for assuring quality. Users of HIV immunoassays are learning that a poorer assay used well has better outcomes than a splendid assay performed poorly. Experience highlights the importance of conducting HIV testing within quality-managed systems and according to international standards, but testing quality and laboratory quality management must be funded adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick J Chappel
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Aghokeng AF, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Dimodi H, Atem-Tambe A, Tongo M, Butel C, Delaporte E, Peeters M. Inaccurate diagnosis of HIV-1 group M and O is a key challenge for ongoing universal access to antiretroviral treatment and HIV prevention in Cameroon. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7702. [PMID: 19893738 PMCID: PMC2768789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased access to HIV testing is essential in working towards universal access to HIV prevention and treatment in resource-limited countries. We here evaluated currently used HIV diagnostic tests and algorithms in Cameroon for their ability to correctly identify HIV infections. Methods We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 5 rapid/simple tests, of which 3 were used by the national program, and 2 fourth generation ELISAs. The reference panel included 500 locally collected samples; 187 HIV -1 M, 10 HIV-1 O, 259 HIV negative and 44 HIV indeterminate plasmas. Results None of the 5 rapid assays and only 1 ELISA reached the current WHO/UNAIDS recommendations on performance of HIV tests of at least 99% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Overall, sensitivities ranged between 94.1% and 100%, while specificities were 88.0% to 98.8%. The combination of all assays generated up to 9% of samples with indeterminate HIV status, because they reacted discordantly with at least one of the different tests. Including HIV indeterminate samples in test efficiency calculations significantly decreased specificities to a range from 77.9% to 98.0%. Finally, two rapid assays failed to detect all HIV-1 group O variants tested, with one rapid test detecting only 2 out of 10 group O specimens. Conclusion In the era of ART scaling-up in Africa, significant proportions of false positive but also false negative results are still observed with HIV screening tests commonly used in Africa, resulting in inadequate treatment and prevention strategies. Depending on tests or algorithms used, up to 6% of HIV-1 M and 80% of HIV-1 O infected patients in Cameroon do not receive ART and adequate counseling to prevent further transmission due to low sensitivities. Also, the use of tests with low specificities could imply inclusion of up to 12% HIV negative people in ART programs and increase budgets in addition to inconveniences caused to patients.
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Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific B-lymphocyte-derived antibodies in a high-risk population. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:1060-5. [PMID: 19474262 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00280-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a key driver of the HIV epidemic, remains a public health challenge. The PlasmAcute technology offers an opportunity to detect early anti-HIV antibody responses. B lymphocytes (B cells) were isolated from the blood of seronegative miners in South Africa by using the PlasmAcute method. B-cell lysates and paired sera were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western blotting. All volunteers were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) viral load, p24 antigen, and CD4 count. Sera from HIV-seronegative men who had positive viral loads and were positive for p24 antigen were retested for anti-HIV antibodies after immune complex dissociation. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in lysates from 16/259 subjects without immunoreactivity in paired sera. Four subjects, one of whom had a positive viral load initially, subsequently seroconverted. Six subjects showed transient anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the lysates and tested negative for all markers at the follow-up. Five subjects without follow-up data initially had lysate-positive/serum-negative samples, and these cases were classified as inconclusive. One subject had lysate antibodies and a detectable viral load but was seronegative at follow-up. In conclusion, lysate-derived anti-HIV-1 B-cell antibodies can be detected prior to seroconversion and earlier than or contemporary with HIV-1 RNA detection.
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Syed Iqbal H, Balakrishnan P, Murugavel KG, Suniti S. Performance characteristics of a new rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2. J Clin Lab Anal 2008; 22:178-85. [PMID: 18484656 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic kits for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies have reached an unprecedented number. But choice of an ideal, cost-effective, and rapid test for HIV infection is of immense value for use in developing countries like India, where resources are limited. In this study we have evaluated the performance characteristics of the rapid immunochromatographic HIV test kit First Response HIV 1-2.O. First, the laboratory archived 450 characterized plasma/serum specimens, which were tested on First Response HIV 1-2.O. Second, a total of 134 consecutive voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) specimens were also tested and positive specimens were further confirmed with HIV TRI-DOT. All these VCT specimens were cross-checked with HIV double-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Murex and Vironostika), and the results were matched. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and efficiency of First Response HIV 1-2.O with the 450 characterized specimens was 100% for HIV-1 with reference assay. The results in the VCT algorithm were correlating with double-ELISA. In the HIV-2 analysis, five HIV-2-positive specimens in First Response HIV 1-2.O were found to be HIV-2-indeterminate on Western blot. HIV TRI-DOT was unable to pick up two HIV-2 Western blot-positive specimens. First Response HIV 1-2.O has several advantages: low-cost (U.S. $0.70); only 10 microL of specimen; involves only two steps; room temperature storage; ability to differentiate HIV-1 and 2; and use of whole blood specimen. Hence this test kit could be suitable for initial screening in the HIV testing algorithm in resource-limited settings. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:178-185, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Syed Iqbal
- YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Voluntary Health Services Hospital Campus, Chennai, India
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Guan M. Frequency, causes, and new challenges of indeterminate results in Western blot confirmatory testing for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:649-59. [PMID: 17409223 PMCID: PMC1951092 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00393-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- MP Biomedicals Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., 85 Science Park Drive No. 04-01, Singapore Science Park, Singapore 118259, Republic of Singapore.
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Tebourski F, Slim MA, Elgaaied A. Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection: importance of taking into account the anti-pol gene product reactivity in the interpretation of Western blot results. Immunol Lett 2004; 94:39-41. [PMID: 15234533 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Revised: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Tebourski
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus universitaire, El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Sommerfelt MA, Ohlsson I, Flolid I, Thorstensson R, Sørensen B. A simple semi-rapid HIV-1&2 confirmatory immunoassay using magnetic particles. J Virol Methods 2004; 115:191-8. [PMID: 14667535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bionor HIV-1&2 Confirmatory Test is a semi-rapid simple immunoassay based on magnetic particles for the confirmation of serological status to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The specificity and sensitivity of this assay was evaluated by comparison with the Diagnostic Biotechnology HIV-1 Western blot (WB) 2.2 and the HIV-2/SBL-6669 WB. Bionor's confirmatory test demonstrated 98% specificity when testing sero-negative blood donors and false positive sera in screening tests compared to 81.5 and 71.6%, respectively, using the HIV-1 WB. The sensitivity of this assay for HIV-1 antibody positive sera was 97.9% compared to the WB which was 99.5%. When testing confirmed HIV-2 antibody positive samples, 2/100 scored negative using this confirmatory test similar to other HIV-2 peptide-based line immunoassays available commercially, whilst 8/100 were indeterminate reacting to HIV-2 membrane antigens only. Bionor's confirmatory test detected HIV-1 seropositivity earlier than the WB in longitudinal seroconversion panels and could discriminate between HIV-1 and -2 infection. The number of indeterminate responses was generally reduced significantly using Bionor's confirmatory test compared to the HIV-1 WB. The greater specificity, speed and ease of interpretation of Bionor's confirmatory test renders it an attractive and cost effective alternative to the WB for confirming HIV serological status worldwide.
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Tebourski F, Slim A, Elgaaied A. The significance of combining World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control criteria to resolve indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Western blot results. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 48:59-61. [PMID: 14761723 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2003] [Revised: 07/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 466 repeatedly reactive HIV-1 blood samples evidenced by enzyme immunoassay were analyzed by the Western blot method and interpreted according to WHO and CDC criteria. Discordant and indeterminate samples were further analyzed by PCR. When the Western blot result was classified as indeterminate, according to both WHO and CDC criteria, the PCR test was always negative. These findings suggest that samples with double-indeterminate status should be reported as negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Tebourski
- Laboratoire de Virologie (Laboratoire National de Référence pour l'infection à VIH), Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia.
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