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Deng X, Lai R, Zhu J, Liang J, Chang W, Lv X, Gong L, Cai Y, Liu S. Causal Association between Tea Intake and Acute Cerebrovascular Events: A Multivariate Mendelian Randomized Study in European Populations. J Nutr 2024; 154:79-86. [PMID: 37951389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous research works have investigated the association between tea consumption and the risk of acute cerebrovascular events; however, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal association between tea intake and several acute cerebrovascular events, including any ischemic stroke, large atherosclerotic stroke (LAS), cardiogenic embolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS We obtained summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on tea intake and acute cerebrovascular events in populations of European ancestry. The GWAS on tea intake is derived from the UK Biobank, where we have chosen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with it as instrumental variables. We also obtained summary data on ischemic stroke from a GWAS meta-analysis, as well as summary data on ICH and SAH from the FinnGen study. We first explored the causal association between tea intake and several acute cerebrovascular events using univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR), and then further assessed the causal association between tea intake and SVS using multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) corrected for multiple confounders. RESULTS In UVMR, genetically predicted increases in tea intake were linked to a lower risk of SVS (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86). There was no causal association between tea intake and the risk of other acute cerebrovascular events. In the MVMR, our results show that there was still a significant causal association between drinking tea and SVS, after adjusting body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION This MR study provides new genetic evidence that increased tea intake reduces the risk of SVS in the European population. However, possibly because of limited statistical power, the study did not find that tea consumption reduced the risk of several other acute cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Lai
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wen Chang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxue Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
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Wang ZM, Chen B, Zhou B, Zhao D, Wang LS. Green tea consumption and the risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutrition 2023; 107:111936. [PMID: 36599267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiologic studies are inconsistent regarding the association between green tea consumption and the risk of stroke. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether an association exists between them in cohort studies. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies conducted from 1966 through September 2022. Prospective cohort studies that provided relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI)s for the association were included. Study-specific risk estimates were combined by using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of five studies, with 11 421 stroke cases among 645 393 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR indicated a significant association between highest green tea consumption and reduced risk of stroke (summary RR: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.83). In the dose-response analysis, we observed a nonlinear association between green tea consumption and the risk of stroke (P for nonlinearity = 0.0000). Compared with non-consumers, the RRs (95% CI) of stroke across levels of green tea consumption were 0.91 (0.89-0.94) for 150 mL/d, 0.84 (0.80-0.89) for 300 mL/d, 0.79 (0.74-0.84) for 500 mL/d, 0.77 (0.72-0.82) for 900 mL/d, and 0.84 (0.77-0.91) for 1500 mL/d. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that green tea consumption is inversely associated with the risk of stroke, especially among those with moderate consumption. Our results support recommendations for green tea consumption to the primary prevention of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Mu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Jiangsu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Cheng P, Zhang J, Liu W, Sun Q, Fu Z, Lin H, Bi S, Zhu J. Tea consumption and cerebral hemorrhage risk: a meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:1247-1259. [PMID: 35633472 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea contains many polyphenols with biological properties such as antithrombosis and antioxidation. Recent observational studies on tea consumption concerning cerebral hemorrhage risk have reported inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the accumulated evidence on the association between tea consumption and cerebral hemorrhage risk. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant studies through December 2021. Relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) from observational studies were synthesized. RESULTS Ten studies involving over 721,827 participants were included. Higher tea consumption was correlated with a 23% (RR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.66-0.89) lower risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Subgroup meta-analyses indicated higher tea consumption was beneficial in preventing cerebral hemorrhage risk for green tea, alcohol-adjusted, fruit/vegetables-adjusted, and physical activity-adjusted subgroups, respectively (P < 0.01). Dose-response analysis indicated each one-cup (120 ml/cup) increment in tea or green tea intake/day was correlated with an average of 2% (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.976-0.990), or 6% (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.92-0.97) lower cerebral hemorrhage risk. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that daily tea consumption is related to a lower risk of cerebral hemorrhage among adults. Green tea consumption appears to be more beneficial in preventing cerebral hemorrhage. Physical activity, fruit/vegetables, and alcohol may affect the relationship between tea consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. Future studies should investigate the interplay of tea with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China.
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Zhaoxin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, China
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Feng C, Cao Y, Su Y, Cai H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yu D, Zong G. Association between Tea Consumption and Hypertension Risk among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3773-3780. [PMID: 34590120 PMCID: PMC8643596 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence on tea consumption and hypertension is inconclusive, and prospective studies among habitual tea drinkers remain limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of habitual tea consumption with hypertension risk and longitudinal blood pressure changes in 2 large cohorts. METHODS This study included participants aged 40-75 y from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (n = 31,351) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (n = 28,342), without hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Information on tea consumption was assessed during in-person interviews at enrollment and follow-up visits. Incident hypertension was identified by self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or blood pressure measurements. RESULTS Current tea drinkers had a 7% higher risk than the non-current tea drinker group [HRs (95% CIs): women, 1.07 (1.01, 1.14); men, 1.07 (1.02, 1.12)]. The amount of tea drinking showed significant dose-response associations with hypertension: compared with the non-current group, HRs (95% CIs) for women and men were 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) and 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) for low (women/men: <100/200 g/mo), 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) and 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) for medium (women/men: 100-250/200-250 g/mo), and 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) and 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) for the high-amount group (women/men: >250 g/mo). Among participants without hypertension, compared with non-current tea drinkers, least-squares means of 3-y changes in blood pressure were 0.3-0.4 mm Hg higher for women and men as current drinkers and 0.7-0.9 mm Hg higher for men in the high-consumption group. Compared with those who never drank tea, women who drank tea consistently had 0.5 (0.2, 0.7) mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP), whereas men had 0.5 (0.04, 0.9) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and 0.3 (0.04, 0.6) mm Hg higher DBP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that habitual tea drinking is associated with a slightly higher risk of hypertension and a minor increase in blood pressure among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, which warrants confirmation by long-term intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Address correspondence to DY (e-mail: )
| | - Geng Zong
- Address correspondence to: GZ (e-mail: )
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Wang M, Bai Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Liu D, Lian X. Higher tea consumption is associated with decreased risk of small vessel stroke. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1430-1435. [PMID: 32943239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Observational studies have reported that tea consumption is associated with risk of stroke. However, this observed association is inconsistent, and whether this observed association is due to confounding factors or reverse causation remains unclear. Thus, we applied a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach to determine whether genetically predicted tea consumption is causally associated with risk of stroke, ischemic stroke (IS), and IS subtypes. METHODS UK Biobank available data (349,376 samples of European ancestry) was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with tea consumption (cups/day). The summary statistics for stroke, IS, and IS subtypes were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium with 40,585 stroke cases and 406,111 controls. RESULTS We found that genetically predicted an extra daily cup of tea consumption was casually associated with a reduced risk of small vessel stroke (odds ratio (OR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.91; P = 0.001), but not with cardioembolic stroke (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86-1.09; P = 0.582), large artery stroke (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.10; P = 0.506), stroke (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.06; P = 0.889) or IS (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89-1.01; P = 0.083). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that genetically predicted an extra daily cup of tea consumption is causally associated with a reduced risk of small vessel stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Bai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuegan Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
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Chung M, Zhao N, Wang D, Shams-White M, Karlsen M, Cassidy A, Ferruzzi M, Jacques PF, Johnson EJ, Wallace TC. Dose-Response Relation between Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:790-814. [PMID: 32073596 PMCID: PMC7360449 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea flavonoids have been suggested to offer potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This review synthesized the evidence on the relation between tea consumption and risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among generally healthy adults. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, and Ovid CAB Abstract databases were searched to identify English-language publications through 1 November 2019, including randomized trials, prospective cohort studies, and nested case-control (or case-cohort) studies with data on tea consumption and risk of incident cardiovascular events (cardiac or peripheral vascular events), stroke events (including mortality), CVD-specific mortality, or all-cause mortality. Data from 39 prospective cohort publications were synthesized. Linear meta-regression showed that each cup (236.6 mL) increase in daily tea consumption (estimated 280 mg and 338 mg total flavonoids/d for black and green tea, respectively) was associated with an average 4% lower risk of CVD mortality, a 2% lower risk of CVD events, a 4% lower risk of stroke, and a 1.5% lower risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of association was larger in elderly individuals for both CVD mortality (n = 4; pooled adjusted RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P = 0.001), with large heterogeneity (I2 = 72.4%), and all-cause mortality (n = 3; pooled adjusted RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.94; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0.3%). Generally, studies with higher risk of bias appeared to show larger magnitudes of associations than studies with lower risk of bias. Strength of evidence was rated as low and moderate (depending on study population age group) for CVD-specific mortality outcome and was rated as low for CVD events, stroke, and all-cause mortality outcomes. Daily tea intake as part of a healthy habitual dietary pattern may be associated with lower risks of CVD and all-cause mortality among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naisi Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deena Wang
- D&V Systematic Evidence Review Consulting, LLC, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Micaela Karlsen
- University of New England, Portland, ME, USA,American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Tian T, Lv J, Jin G, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Shen H, Chen Z, Hu Z, Li L. Tea consumption and risk of stroke in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:197-206. [PMID: 31711152 PMCID: PMC7223259 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cohort studies have explored the relation between tea consumption and stroke risk; however, the conclusions have been inconsistent. In addition, evidence is lacking in China, where the patterns of tea consumption and main types of tea consumed differ substantially from those in high-income countries. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically assess the association of tea consumption with the risk of stroke based on a Chinese large-scale cohort study. METHODS A total of 487,377 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank were included in the present study. Detailed information about tea consumption (including frequency, duration, amount, and tea type) was self-reported at baseline. After ∼4.3 million person-years of follow-up, 38,727 incident cases of stroke were recorded, mainly through linkage with mortality and morbidity registries and based on the national health insurance system. RESULTS Overall, 128,280 adults (26.3%) reported drinking tea almost daily (41.4% men, 15.9% women), predominantly green tea (86.7%). Tea consumption had an inverse and dose-response relation with the risk of stroke (Ptrend < 0.001). Compared with nonconsumers, those who consumed tea occasionally, weekly, and daily had adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of 0.96 (0.94, 0.99), 0.94 (0.90, 0.98), and 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) respectively, with little difference by stroke type. Among those who consumed tea daily, the HRs for stroke decreased with the increasing duration and amount of tea consumed (all P < 0.001). These inverse associations were significant for green tea but not for other types of tea. Among men, but not women, the inverse relations could be detected, and similar inverse associations could be found for male noncurrent alcohol-consumers and noncurrent smokers as well. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, higher consumption of tea, especially green tea, was associated with a lower risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fang J, Sureda A, Silva AS, Khan F, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Trends of tea in cardiovascular health and disease: A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Lee J, Kim Y. Association between Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:24-31. [PMID: 31008093 PMCID: PMC6456242 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea consumption is known to have varying effects on health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between green tea consumption and risk of stroke in Korean adult men. Data were obtained from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study, which included 50,439 subjects aged 40 years and older. Information regarding dietary intake was collected from semi-quantified food frequency questionnaires consisting of 106 items. Green tea consumption was categorized as none, <1 cup/d, 1 to <3 cups/d, and ≥3 cups/d. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine a possible association between green tea consumption and risk of stroke by controlling for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses by age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were also performed. Compared with green tea non-drinkers, individuals that consumed 1 to <3 cups/d or ≥3 cups/d of green tea had multivariable adjusted OR (CI) of stroke of 0.75 (0.59~0.97) and 0.62 (0.39~0.98), respectively, after adjusting for age and various confounders. In the subgroup analyses, an inverse association between green tea consumption and risk of stroke was identified among younger, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic men. Higher consumption of green tea was inversely associated with stroke risk in middle-aged and older Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Fernando WMADB, Somaratne G, Goozee KG, Williams S, Singh H, Martins RN. Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Can Tea Phytochemicals Play a Role in Prevention? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:481-501. [PMID: 28582855 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia and diabetes mellitus are prevalent disorders in the elderly population. While recognized as two distinct diseases, diabetes has more recently recognized as a significant contributor to risk for developing dementia, and some studies make reference to type 3 diabetes, a condition resulting from insulin resistance in the brain. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, and diabetes, interestingly, share underlying pathological processes, commonality in risk factors, and, importantly, pathways for intervention. Tea has been suggested to possess potent antioxidant properties. It is rich in phytochemicals including, flavonoids, tannins, caffeine, polyphenols, boheic acid, theophylline, theobromine, anthocyanins, gallic acid, and finally epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is considered to be the most potent active ingredient. Flavonoid phytochemicals, known as catechins, within tea offer potential benefits for reducing the risk of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease by targeting common risk factors, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Studies also show that catechins may prevent the formation of amyloid-β plaques and enhance cognitive functions, and thus may be useful in treating patients who have Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Furthermore, other phytochemicals found within tea offer important antioxidant properties along with innate properties capable of modulating intracellular neuronal signal transduction pathways and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warnakulasuriya M A D B Fernando
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Geeshani Somaratne
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn G Goozee
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shehan Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Caffeine and cardiovascular health. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:165-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee D, Kim CY. Influence of Roasting Treatment on the Antioxidant Activities and Color of Burdock Root Tea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:21-29. [PMID: 28401084 PMCID: PMC5383138 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The major trend in the antioxidant market is the growing consumer demand for natural antioxidants. Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is an easy way to obtain antioxidant components from a natural source. Our objective was to develop burdock root tea (BRT) with potent antioxidant activity and good color quality. In order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity and quality, the effect of roasting was determined. The antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of BRT increased as roasting increased. The color of BRT became darker with increased roasting, extraction time, and amount of burdock roots. Color of BRT was also positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Roasting significantly enhanced the total antioxidant activities and color quality of BRT. These results suggest that roasting BRT increases beneficial antioxidant components from burdock roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darye Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
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Green tea extract intake during lactation modified cardiac macrophage infiltration and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in weanling rats from undernourished mother during gestation and lactation. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:178-187. [PMID: 27919304 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal dietary restriction is often associated with cardiovascular disease in offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) intake during lactation on macrophage infiltration, and activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and serine-threonine kinase Akt (Akt) in the hearts of weanlings exposed to maternal dietary protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control (C) or low-protein diets (LP) throughout gestation. Following delivery, the dams received a control or a GTE-containing control diet during lactation: control diet during gestation and lactation (CC), low-protein diet during gestation and lactation (LPC), low-protein diet during gestation and 0.12% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPL), and low-protein diet during gestation and 0.24% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPH). The female offspring were sacrificed at day 22. Biochemical parameters in the plasma, macrophage infiltration, degree of fibrosis and expression levels of AMPK and Akt were examined. The plasma insulin level increased in LPH compared with LPC. Percentage of the fibrotic areas and the number of macrophages in LPC were higher than those in CC. Conversely, the fibrotic areas and the macrophage number in LPH were smaller (21 and 56%, respectively) than those in LPC. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK in LPL and LPH, and Akt in LPH were greater than those in LPC. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction may induce macrophage infiltration and the decrease of insulin levels. However, GTE intake during lactation may suppress macrophage infiltration and restore insulin secretion function via upregulation of AMPK and insulin signaling in weanlings.
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Nogueira LDP, Nogueira Neto JF, Klein MRST, Sanjuliani AF. Short-term Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Metabolic Profile in Obese Prehypertensive Women: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 36:108-115. [PMID: 27797683 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1194236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea consumption has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in epidemiological studies. Although some interventional trials suggest that green tea has beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, such as hypertension and obesity, others have failed to show such benefits. AIMS To evaluate the short-term effects of green tea on blood pressure, endothelial function, metabolic profile, and inflammatory activity in obese prehypertensive women. METHODS This study was a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive daily 3 capsules containing either 500 mg of green tea extract (GTE) or a matching placebo for 4 weeks, with a washout period of 2 weeks between treatments. Each GTE capsule contained 260 mg of polyphenols. At the beginning and at the end of each treatment, participants were submitted to evaluation of blood pressure (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ABPM), endothelial function (Endo-PAT 2000 and cellular adhesion molecules), nutritional parameters, metabolic profile, and biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS Twenty women age 41.1 ± 8.4 years completed the study. After 4 weeks of GTE supplementation in comparison with placebo, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in systolic blood pressure at 24 hours (-3.61 ± 1.23 vs 1.05 ± 1.34 mmHg), daytime (-3.61 ± 1.26 vs 0.80 ± 1.57 mmHg), and nighttime (-3.94 ± 1.70 vs 1.90 ± 1.66 mmHg). Changes in diastolic blood pressure and in all other parameters did not present a significant difference between GTE and placebo. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that in obese prehypertensive women, short-term daily intake of GTE may decrease blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de P Nogueira
- a Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology , Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
| | | | - Márcia R S T Klein
- c Department of Applied Nutrition , Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
| | - Antonio F Sanjuliani
- a Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology , Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
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Pang J, Zhang Z, Zheng TZ, Bassig BA, Mao C, Liu X, Zhu Y, Shi K, Ge J, Yang YJ, Dejia-Huang, Bai M, Peng Y. Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:967-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nowak PJ, Zasowska-Nowak A, Bialasiewicz P, de Graft-Johnson J, Nowak D, Nowicki M. Inhibitory effect of plant phenolics on fMLP-induced intracellular calcium rise and chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their chemotactic activity in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1661-1670. [PMID: 25856712 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidants, contributing to systemic oxidative stress. Diets rich in plant polyphenols seem to decrease the risk of oxidative stress-induced disorders including cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro effect of each of the 14 polyphenols on PMNs chemotaxis, intracellular calcium response, oxidants production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples and PMNs suspensions were obtained from 60 healthy non-smoking donors and incubated with a selected polyphenol (0.5-10 µM) or a control solvent. We assessed resting and fMLP-dependent changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in PMNs with the Fura-2AM method and measured fMLP-induced luminol enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (fMLP-LBCL). Polyphenol chemoattractant activity for PMNs was tested with Boyden chambers. RESULTS Polyphenols had no effect on resting [Ca(2+)]i. Unaffected by other compounds, fMLP-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i was inhibited by quercetin and catechol (5 µM) by 32 ± 14 and 12 ± 10% (p < 0.04), respectively. Seven of the 14 tested substances (5 µM) influenced fMLP-LBCL by decreasing it. Catechol, quercetin, and gallic acid acted most potently reducing fMLP-LBCL by 49 ± 5, 42 ± 15, and 28 ± 18% (p < 0.05), respectively. 3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and catechin (5 µM) revealed distinct (p < 0.02) chemoattractant activity with a chemotactic index of 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.8 ± 0.7, 1.6 ± 0.6, 1.4 ± 0.2, respectively. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Catechol, quercetin, and gallic acid at concentrations commensurate in human plasma strongly suppressed the oxidative response of PMNs. Regarding quercetin and catechol, this could result from an inhibition of [Ca(2+)]i response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jan Nowak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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Tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 30:103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kokubo Y, Iso H, Saito I, Yamagishi K, Yatsuya H, Ishihara J, Inoue M, Tsugane S. The impact of green tea and coffee consumption on the reduced risk of stroke incidence in Japanese population: the Japan public health center-based study cohort. Stroke 2013; 44:1369-74. [PMID: 23493733 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.677500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few prospective studies have examined the impact of both green tea and coffee consumption on strokes. We investigated the association of the combination of those consumption with stroke incidence in a general population. METHODS We studied 82 369 Japanese (aged 45-74 years; without cardiovascular disease [CVD] or cancer in 1995 and 1998 for Cohort I and II, respectively) who received 13 years of mean follow-up through the end of 2007. Green tea and coffee consumption was assessed by self-administered food frequency questionnaire at baseline. RESULTS In the 1 066 718 person-years of follow-up, we documented the incidence of strokes (n=3425) and coronary heart disease (n=910). Compared with seldom drinking green tea, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.86 (0.78-0.95) and 0.80 (0.73-0.89) in green tea 2 to 3 and ≥ 4 cups/d, respectively. Higher green tea consumption was associated with inverse risks of CVD and strokes subtypes. Compared with seldom drinking coffee, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.80 (0.72-0.90), and 0.81 (0.72-0.91) for coffee 3 to 6 times/week and 1 and ≥ 2 times/day, respectively. Coffee consumption was associated with an inverse risk of CVD and cerebral infarction. Higher green tea or coffee consumption reduced the risks of CVD and stroke subtypes (especially in intracerebral hemorrhage, P for interaction between green tea and coffee=0.04). None of the significant association was observed in coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Higher green tea and coffee consumption were inversely associated with risk of CVD and stroke in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan.
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Shen L, Song LG, Ma H, Jin CN, Wang JA, Xiang MX. Tea consumption and risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:652-62. [PMID: 22843186 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1201001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between tea consumption and the risk of stroke. METHODS We searched the PubMed database from January 1966 to March 2012 and reviewed reference lists of retrieved articles to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they reported relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke with respect to three or more categories of tea consumption. A random-effects model was used to combine the study-specific risk estimates. RESULTS Fourteen studies, consisting of 513,804 participants with a median follow-up of 11.5 years, were included in this meta-analysis. We observed a modest but statistically significant inverse association between tea consumption and risk of stroke. An increase of three cups/d in tea consumption was associated with a 13% decreased risk of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94). The decreased risk of stroke with tea consumption was consistent among most subgroups. Based on the three studies that provided results for stroke subtypes, tea consumption was also inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.84), but not cerebral hemorrhage (RR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82-1.11) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.57-1.16). CONCLUSIONS Tea consumption is associated with a decreased risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. More well-designed, rigorously conducted studies are needed in order to make confident conclusions about the association between tea consumption and stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Gao R, Liu H, Peng Z, Wu Z, Wang Y, Zhao G. Adsorption of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) onto oat β-glucan. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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How can diet influence the risk of stroke? Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:763507. [PMID: 22693656 PMCID: PMC3369476 DOI: 10.1155/2012/763507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are the second cause of mortality in the world, and hypertension is considered a main risk factor for occurrence of stroke. The mechanisms responsible for the increased stroke risk remain unclear. However, dietary interventions have been applied in the management and treatment of their risk factors, which include increased blood pressure levels, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Further studies should be conducted to assess the effects of carotenoids, flavonoids, n-3 polyunsaturated fats, and lower salt and high glycemic index intake in risk of stroke.
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Green tea halts progression of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis: an observational report. Clin Res Cardiol 2012; 101:805-13. [PMID: 22584381 PMCID: PMC3445797 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-012-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment options in patients with amyloidotic transthyretin (ATTR) cardiomyopathy are limited. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea (GT), inhibits fibril formation from several amyloidogenic proteins in vitro. Thus, it might also halt progression of TTR amyloidosis. This is a single-center observational report on the effects of GT consumption in patients with ATTR cardiomopathy. Methods 19 patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy were evaluated by standard blood tests, echocardiography, and cardiac MRI (n = 9) before and after consumption of GT and/or green tea extracts (GTE) for 12 months. Results Five patients were not followed up for reasons of death (n = 2), discontinuation of GT/GTE consumption (n = 2), and heart transplantation (n = 1). After 12 months no increase of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and LV myocardial mass was observed by echocardiography. In the subgroup of patients evaluated by cardiac MRI a mean decrease of LV myocardial mass (−12.5 %) was detected in all patients. This was accompanied by an increase of mean mitral annular systolic velocity of 9 % in all 14 patients. Total cholesterol (191.9 ± 8.9 vs. 172.7 ± 9.4 mg/dL; p < 0.01) and LDL cholesterol (105.8 ± 7.6 vs. 89.5 ± 8.0 mg/dL; p < 0.01) decreased significantly during the observational period. No serious adverse effects were reported by any of the participants. Conclusions Our observation suggests an inhibitory effect of GT and/or GTE on the progression of cardiac amyloidosis. We propose a randomized placebo-controlled investigation to confirm our observation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00392-012-0463-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tomata Y, Kakizaki M, Nakaya N, Tsuboya T, Sone T, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Tsuji I. Green tea consumption and the risk of incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:732-9. [PMID: 22277550 PMCID: PMC3278248 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.023200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that green tea consumption is associated with a lower risk of diseases that cause functional disability, such as stroke, cognitive impairment, and osteoporosis. Although it is expected that green tea consumption would lower the risk of incident functional disability, this has never been investigated directly. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the association between green tea consumption and incident functional disability in elderly individuals. DESIGN We conducted a prospective cohort study in 13,988 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 y. Information on daily green tea consumption and other lifestyle factors was collected via questionnaire in 2006. Data on functional disability were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database, in which subjects were followed up for 3 y. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to investigate the association between green tea consumption and functional disability. RESULTS The 3-y incidence of functional disability was 9.4% (1316 cases). The multiple-adjusted HR (95% CI) of incident functional disability was 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) among respondents who consumed 1-2 cups green tea/d, 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) for those who consumed 3-4 cups/d, and 0.67 (0.57, 0.79) for those who consumed ≥5 cups/d in comparison with those who consumed <1 cup/d (P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Green tea consumption is significantly associated with a lower risk of incident functional disability, even after adjustment for possible confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Bolduc V, Baraghis E, Duquette N, Thorin-Trescases N, Lambert J, Lesage F, Thorin E. Catechin prevents severe dyslipidemia-associated changes in wall biomechanics of cerebral arteries in LDLr-/-:hApoB+/+ mice and improves cerebral blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1330-9. [PMID: 22268108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01044.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the atherosclerotic process that includes stiffening of large peripheral arteries. In contrast, our laboratory previously reported a paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular compliance in LDLr(-/-):hApoB(+/+) atherosclerotic (ATX) mice (7). We hypothesized that prevention of cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction with a chronic dietary antioxidant intake would normalize the changes in cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanics and prevent the decline in basal cerebral blood flow associated with atherosclerosis. Three-month-old ATX mice were treated, or not, for 3 mo with the polyphenol (+)-catechin (CAT; 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and compared with wild-type controls. In isolated, pressurized cerebral arteries from ATX mice, CAT prevented endothelial dysfunction (deterioration of endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilations; P < 0.05), the inward hypertrophic structural remodeling (increase in the wall-to-lumen ratio; P < 0.05), and the rise in cerebrovascular compliance (rightward shift of the stress-strain curve measured in passive conditions, reflecting mechanical properties of the arterial wall; P < 0.05). Doppler optical coherence tomography imaging in vivo confirmed these findings, showing that cerebral compliance was higher in ATX mice and normalized by CAT (P < 0.05). CAT also prevented basal cerebral hypoperfusion in ATX mice (P < 0.05). Active remodeling of the cerebrovascular wall in ATX mice was further suggested by the increase (P < 0.05) in pro-metalloproteinase-9 activity, which was normalized by CAT. We conclude that, by preserving the endothelial function, a chronic treatment with CAT prevents the deleterious effect of severe dyslipidemia on cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanical properties, contributing to preserving resting cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bolduc
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pharmacology, Quebec, Canada
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Ruxton CHS, Mason P. Is black tea consumption associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes? NUTR BULL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ko SG, Go H, Sun S, Lee S, Park W, Choi Y, Song Y, Hwang G, Kim G, Jeon C, Park J, Lee K, Cha M, Bang O, Jung H, Kim N, Shin YC. Green tea consumption, abdominal obesity as related factors of lacunar infarction in Korean women. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:542-50. [PMID: 21808932 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to evaluate interaction of green tea consumption and abdominal obesity as related factors for lacunar infarction in Korean women. DESIGN A hospital-based, incident case-control study. SETTINGS The Prevention and Managements of Stroke in Women study. PARTICIPANTS Cases (n=233) of first incident lacunar infarction were enrolled and matched by age to stroke-free hospital controls (n=204). MEASUREMENTS The data were collected through face-to-face interviews by well trained research assistants to assess demographic, medical, lifestyle, marital status, religions status, green tea consumptions, family history of stroke, smoking status, alcohol consumption, meat and vegetable intake frequency, and past history of hypertension. Biochemical analysis, fasting blood specimens for lipid, glucose, and cholesterol level were acquired. RESULTS Compared with the non green tea consumer and obese women group, only the green tea consumption and non obese women group had a protective effect of lacunar infarction when adjusted for age, and age plus diet factors (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09, 0.59; OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08, 0.56 respectively), but lost their significance after adjustment for age, diet factors, vascular risk factors and full model included atherogenic index factors (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.01; OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.12, 1.89 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The interaction of green tea consumption and non obesity have reduced risk of lacunar infarction, but not after adjustment for age, diet factors, vascular risk factors and atherogenic index. Also individually green tea consumption and abdominal obesity have failed to find an independent relationship with lacunar infarction after adjustment by all risk factors. Green tea consumption and green tea consumption with non obese group seemed to have a protective effect for lacunar infarction. In the results of our study, these results still remain controversial, and then we need further and larger study to get at the root of real causal effect of both relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-G Ko
- Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
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Yang Y, Chan SW, Hu M, Walden R, Tomlinson B. Effects of some common food constituents on cardiovascular disease. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2011; 2011:397136. [PMID: 22347642 PMCID: PMC3262529 DOI: 10.5402/2011/397136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is considerable interest in the role of dietary constituents and supplements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. We reviewed the major publications related to potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes of some common dietary constituents: carotenoids, flavonoid-rich cocoa, tea, red wine and grapes, coffee, omega-3 fatty acids, and garlic. Increased intake of some of these has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality or reduced incidence of myocardial infraction, stroke, and hypertension. However, although the evidence from observational studies is supportive of beneficial effects for most of these foodstuffs taken as part of the diet, potential benefits from the use of supplements derived from these natural products remain largely inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Effects of green tea catechins on the pro-inflammatory response after haemorrhage/resuscitation in rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:1791-7. [PMID: 21294935 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451000560x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, i.e. green tea extract (GTE), possess high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity, thus being protective in various models of acute inflammation. However, their anti-inflammatory effect and a feasible mechanism in haemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R)-induced liver injury remain unknown. We investigated the effects of GTE and the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of liver injury induced by H/R, and their effects on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and neutrophil infiltration. Female Lewis rats were fed a standard chow diet (control, ctrl) or a diet containing 0·1 % polyphenolic GTE for five consecutive days before H/R. Rats were haemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 30 (sem 2) mmHg for 60 min and resuscitated. Control groups (sham_ctrl and sham_GTE) underwent surgical procedures without H/R. At 2 h after resuscitation, tissues were harvested. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and IL-6 were measured. Hepatic necrosis, ICAM-1 expression and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration were assessed. Hepatic expression of IκBα (phospho) was measured. H/R induced strong liver damage with increased necrosis and serum ALT levels. Compared with both sham groups, inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and hepatic PMNL infiltration) were elevated after H/R (P < 0·05). Also, H/R increased IκBα phosphorylation. GTE administration markedly (P < 0·05) decreased serum ALT and IL-6 levels, hepatic necrosis as well as PMNL infiltration and the expression of ICAM-1 and phosphorylated IκBα compared with H/R. In conclusion, we observed that NF-κB activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver injury after H/R through the up-regulation of hepatic ICAM-1 expression and subsequent PMNL infiltration. GTE pre-treatment prevents liver damage in this model of acute inflammation through a NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
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Tabeta K, Tanabe N, Yonezawa D, Miyashita H, Maekawa T, Takahashi N, Okui T, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. Elevated Antibody Titers to Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Possible Predictor of Ischemic Vascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:808-17. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.6957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Tai KK, Truong DD. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, reduces dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)-induced cell death in dopaminergic SHSY-5Y cells. Neurosci Lett 2010; 482:183-7. [PMID: 20542083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Results from epidemiological studies indicated that there exists an inverse correlation between consumption of green tea and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that consumption of green tea would activate endogenous protective mechanisms against environmental toxin-induced cell injury, which is believed to play a causative role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Here, we found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, concentration-dependently (1 microM, 3 microM and 10 microM) reduced dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) (100 microM)-induced cell death in dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assays. We also found that preconditioning the SHSY-5Y cells with EGCG by multiple, brief, prior exposures of the cells to EGCG can subsequently protect the cells from DDT-induced cell death. The EGCG-induced protective effect positively correlated with the number of exposures to EGCG. These results suggest that EGCG has a protective effect against DDT-induced cell death, and that prior exposures to EGCG activate an endogenous protective mechanism in the dopaminergic cells which can mitigate organochlorine pesticide-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Keung Tai
- The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Research Laboratory, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave., Long Beach, CA 90806, USA.
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Magnusson G, Ballegaard S, Karpatschof B, Nyboe J. Long-Term Effects of Integrated Rehabilitation in Patients with Stroke: A Nonrandomized Comparative Feasibility Study. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:369-74. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benny Karpatschof
- Psychological Department, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joergen Nyboe
- Former National Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Korte G, Dreiseitel A, Schreier P, Oehme A, Locher S, Geiger S, Heilmann J, Sand PG. Tea catechins' affinity for human cannabinoid receptors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:19-22. [PMID: 19897346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the many known health benefits of tea catechins count anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, as well as effects on the regulation of food intake. Here we address cannabimimetic bioactivity of catechin derivatives occurring in tea leaves as a possible cellular effector of these functionalities. Competitive radioligand binding assays using recombinant human cannabinoid receptors expressed in Chem-1 and CHO cells identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, EGCG (K(i)=33.6 microM), (-)-epigallocatechin, EGC (K(i)=35.7 microM), and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, ECG (K(i)=47.3 microM) as ligands with moderate affinity for type 1 cannabinoid receptors, CB1. Binding to CB2 was weaker with inhibition constants exceeding 50 microM for EGC and ECG. The epimers (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin exhibited negligible affinities for both CB1 and CB2. It can be concluded that central nervous cannabinoid receptors may be targeted by selected tea catechins but signaling via peripheral type receptors is less likely to play a major role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Korte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, H4 R97 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Clement Y. Can green tea do that? A literature review of the clinical evidence. Prev Med 2009; 49:83-7. [PMID: 19465043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Habitual green tea consumption has long been associated with health benefits including chemoprevention and cardiovascular protection. This non-systematic literature review presents the clinical evidence to date. METHOD A literature review of peer-reviewed articles on observational and interventional studies was conducted to include green tea, its extract or its purified polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Electronic databases searched included PubMed (1966-2009) and the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2008). RESULTS Observational studies are inconclusive on the benefits of habitual consumption of green tea in the prevention of most cancers. However, there are trends towards prevention in breast and prostate cancers. Interventional studies have demonstrated reduction in relapses following surgical resection in colorectal adenomas and increased survival rates in epithelial ovarian cancer. Observational studies indicate that green tea may provide protection against hypertension and reduce the risk for stroke, and interventional studies are providing biochemical and physiological evidence. CONCLUSION Although the overall clinical evidence is inconclusive, habitual green tea consumption may be providing some level of chemoprevention in prostate and breast cancer. Green tea may also attenuate the risk factors association with the development of atherosclerosis thus reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and stoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Clement
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Friedman M, Levin CE, Choi SH, Lee SU, Kozukue N. Changes in the Composition of Raw Tea Leaves from the Korean Yabukida Plant during High-Temperature Processing to Pan-Fried Kamairi-Cha Green Tea. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C406-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Smith GD. How do we know, what do we know and what can knowledge do? From John Brownlee to translational medicine. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37:911-3. [PMID: 18839447 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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