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Zinnecker T, Badri N, Araujo D, Thiele K, Reichl U, Genzel Y. From single-cell cloning to high-yield influenza virus production - implementing advanced technologies in vaccine process development. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300245. [PMID: 38584687 PMCID: PMC10991716 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Innovations in viral vaccine manufacturing are crucial for pandemic preparedness and to meet ever-rising global demands. For influenza, however, production still mainly relies on technologies established decades ago. Although modern production shifts from egg-based towards cell culture technologies, the full potential has not yet been fully exploited. Here, we evaluate whether implementation of state-of-the-art technologies for cell culture-based recombinant protein production are capable to challenge outdated approaches in viral vaccine process development. For this, a fully automated single-cell cloning strategy was established to generate monoclonal suspension Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Among selected cell clones, we could observe distinct metabolic and growth characteristics, with C59 reaching a maximum viable cell concentration of 17.3 × 106 cells/mL and low doubling times in batch mode. Screening for virus production using a panel of human vaccine-relevant influenza A and B viruses in an ambr15 system revealed high titers with yields competing or even outperforming available MDCK cell lines. With C113, we achieved cell-specific virus yields of up to 25,000 virions/cell, making this cell clone highly attractive for vaccine production. Finally, we confirmed process performance at a 50-fold higher working volume. In summary, we present a scalable and powerful approach for accelerated development of high-yield influenza virus production in chemically defined medium starting from a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Zinnecker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Diogo Araujo
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech S.A.Aubagne CedexFrance
| | | | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Bioprocess EngineeringOtto‐von‐Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
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Kok A, Fouchier RAM, Richard M. Cross-Reactivity Conferred by Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost A/H5 Influenza Vaccination Strategies in Humans: A Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121465. [PMID: 34960210 PMCID: PMC8708856 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses from the A/H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) lineage pose a continuing threat to animal and human health. Since their emergence in 1997, these viruses have spread across multiple continents and have become enzootic in poultry. Additionally, over 800 cases of human infection with A/H5 GsGd viruses have been reported to date, which raises concerns about the potential for a new influenza virus pandemic. The continuous circulation of A/H5 GsGd viruses for over 20 years has resulted in the genetic and antigenic diversification of their hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein, which poses a serious challenge to pandemic preparedness and vaccine design. In the present article, clinical studies on A/H5 influenza vaccination strategies were reviewed to evaluate the breadth of antibody responses induced upon homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies. Clinical data on immunological endpoints were extracted from studies and compiled into a dataset, which was used for the visualization and analysis of the height and breadth of humoral immune responses. Several aspects leading to high immunogenicity and/or cross-reactivity were identified, although the analysis was limited by the heterogeneity in study design and vaccine type used in the included studies. Consequently, crucial questions remain to be addressed in future studies on A/H5 GsGd vaccination strategies.
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Yang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Duan H, He P, Yang G, Liu L, Cheng H, Wang X, Pan J, Zhao J, Yu H, Yang B, Liu Y, Lin J. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an EB66 ® cell culture-derived duck Tembusu virus vaccine. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:448-456. [PMID: 32374185 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1763914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The avian EB66® cell line, derived from duck embryonic stem cells, has been widely used for producing human and animal therapeutic proteins and vaccines. In current study we evaluated the potential use of EB66® cell line in a cell culture-derived duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) vaccine development. After optimizing the growth conditions of DTMUV HB strain in EB66® cells, we successfully generated three batches of viruses with ELD50 titres of 105.9/0.1 ml, 105.3/0.1 ml and 105.5/0.1 ml, respectively, for using in the preparation of inactivated vaccines. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these EB66® cells-derived inactivated vaccines were examined in ducks. Results indicated that all three batches of vaccines induced haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody response in immunized birds at 2 weeks after a single immunization. Immunized ducks and ducklings were protected against a virulent challenge at 4 weeks after a booster immunization. The duration of immunity was for 3-4 months after a booster immunization. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using EB66® cell line to grow up DTMUV for vaccine preparation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Duck Tembusu virus can be propagated in EB66® cells. EB66® cell-derived inactivated DTMUV vaccines are immunogenic and can provide protection against a virulent challenge. A long-lasting immunity is induced after a booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Gansu Jianshun Biosciences Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyou He
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijun Yang
- Gansu Jianshun Biosciences Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshou Yang
- Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehuan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Endo M, Tanishima M, Ibaragi K, Hayashida K, Fukuda T, Tanabe T, Naruse T, Kino Y, Ueda K. Clinical phase II and III studies of an AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine produced in an EB66 ® cell culture platform. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:551-563. [PMID: 32579785 PMCID: PMC7431644 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have developed an AS03‐adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine produced in an EB66® cell culture platform (KD‐295). Objectives In accordance with Japanese guidelines for development of pandemic prototype vaccines, the phase II study was conducted in a double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group comparison study and the phase III study was conducted in an open‐label, non‐randomized, uncontrolled study. Methods Healthy adult volunteers aged 20 ‐ 64 years enrolled in the phase II and III studies (N = 248 and N = 369) received KD‐295 intramuscularly twice with a 21‐day interval. After administration, immune response and adverse events were evaluated. In the phase II study, four different vaccine formulations were compared: MA (3.75 μg hemagglutinin [HA] antigen + AS03 adjuvant system), MB (3.75 μg HA + 1/2AS03), HA (7.5 μg HA + AS03), and HB (7.5 μg HA + 1/2AS03). In the phase III study, the MA formulation was further evaluated. Results In the phase II study, all four vaccine formulations were well‐tolerated and no SAE related to vaccination were observed. The MA formulation was slightly more immunogenic and less reactogenic among the vaccine formulations. Therefore, the MA formulation was selected for the phase III study, and it was well‐tolerated and no serious adverse drug reactions were observed. The vaccine fulfilled the three immunogenicity criteria described in the Japanese guidelines. Conclusions These data indicate that the MA formulation of KD‐295 was well‐tolerated and highly immunogenic and it can be considered a useful pandemic and pre‐pandemic influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Endo
- KM Biologics Co., Ltd. (KM Biologics), Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Kayo Ibaragi
- KM Biologics Co., Ltd. (KM Biologics), Kumamoto, Japan
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Pandemic influenza virus vaccines boost hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibody responses in primed adult and pediatric cohorts. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:51. [PMID: 31839997 PMCID: PMC6898674 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Licensed influenza virus vaccines target the head domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein which undergoes constant antigenic drift. The highly conserved HA stalk domain is an attractive target to increase immunologic breadth required for universal influenza virus vaccines. We tested the hypothesis that immunization with a pandemic influenza virus vaccine boosts pre-existing anti-stalk antibodies. We used chimeric cH6/1, full length H2 and H18 HA antigens in an ELISA to measure anti-stalk antibodies in recipients participating in clinical trials of A/H1N1, A/H5N1 and A/H9N2 vaccines. The vaccines induced high titers of anti-H1 stalk antibodies in adults and children, with higher titers elicited by AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. We also observed cross-reactivity to H2 and H18 HAs. The A/H9N2 vaccine elicited plasmablast and memory B-cell responses. Post-vaccination serum from vaccinees protected mice against lethal challenge with cH6/1N5 and cH5/3N4 viruses. These findings support the concept of a chimeric HA stalk-based universal influenza virus vaccine. clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02415842. The head domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the main target of licensed influenza virus vaccines, undergoes constant antigenic drift. The HA stalk domain, on the other hand, is highly conserved and is thus an attractive target for developing universal influenza vaccine formulations. Raffael Nachbagauer and colleagues now show that vaccination with pandemic influenza virus vaccines boosts pre-existing antibody responses to HA stalk domains in pediatric cohorts. Analysis of serum from individuals immunized with pandemic vaccines A/H1N1, A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, revealed basal levels of anti-stalk antibodies that were increased following immunization. The elicited antibodies had neutralization properties, and plasmablast responses from peripheral blood immune cells recovered from vaccinated individuals were also recorded. These findings support pandemic vaccines as a potential strategy towards universal influenza virus vaccines by expanding pre-existing antibodies against conserved HA stalk structures.
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Bissinger T, Fritsch J, Mihut A, Wu Y, Liu X, Genzel Y, Tan WS, Reichl U. Semi-perfusion cultures of suspension MDCK cells enable high cell concentrations and efficient influenza A virus production. Vaccine 2019; 37:7003-7010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cheng A, Hsieh SM, Pan SC, Li YH, Hsieh EF, Lee HC, Lin TW, Lai KL, Chen C, Shi-Chung Chang S, Chang SC. The safety and immunogenicity of a cell-derived adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine - A phase I randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:685-692. [PMID: 31255574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of an efficacious egg-free mock-up H5N1 vaccine is key to our preparedness against pandemic avian flu. METHODS This is a single-center, randomized, observer-blinded phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of an alum-adjuvanted Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-derived inactivated whole-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine in healthy adults. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody titers were measured using horse and turkey red blood cells (RBCs). RESULTS Thirty-six adult subjects were randomized to receive two doses of 0.5 mL of the MDCK-derived H5N1 alum-adjuvanted vaccine containing 7.5, 15, or 30 μg of hemagglutinin (HA) 21 days apart. The candidate vaccine was well tolerated and safe across the three dosing groups. The most frequent adverse event was injection site pain (46.5%). Both HAI and neutralizing antibody titers increased after each vaccination in all three dosing groups. The best HAI responses, namely a seroconversion rate of 91.7% and a geometric mean ratio of 9.51 were achieved with the HA dose of 30 μg assayed using horse RBCs at day 42. HAI titers against H5N1 avian influenza virus was significantly higher when measured using horse RBCs compared with turkey RBCs. CONCLUSIONS This Phase I trial showed the MDCK-derived H5N1 candidate vaccine is safe and immunogenic. The source of RBCs has a significant impact on the measurement of HAI titers (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01675284.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristine Cheng
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Li
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ting-Wan Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chicken Embryonic-Stem Cells Are Permissive to Poxvirus Recombinant Vaccine Vectors. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030237. [PMID: 30897824 PMCID: PMC6471371 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mammalian pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) has revolutionised cell research and regenerative medicine. More recently discovered chicken ESC (cESC), though less intensively studied, are increasingly popular as vaccine substrates due to a dearth of avian cell lines. Information on the comparative performance of cESC with common vaccine viruses is limited. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared cESC transcriptional programmes elicited by stimulation with chicken type I interferon or infection with vaccine viruses routinely propagated in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). We used poxviruses (fowlpox virus (FWPV) FP9, canarypox virus (CNPV), and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)) and a birnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) PBG98). Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were induced in cESC to levels comparable to those in CEF and immortalised chicken fibroblast DF-1 cells. cESC are permissive (with distinct host transcriptional responses) to MVA, FP9, and CNPV but, surprisingly, not to PBG98. MVA, CNPV, and FP9 suppressed innate immune responses, while PBG98 induced a subset of ISGs. Dysregulation of signalling pathways (i.e., NFκB, TRAF) was observed, which might affect immune responses and viral replication. In conclusion, we show that cESC are an attractive alternative substrate to study and propagate poxvirus recombinant vaccine vectors.
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White KM, Ayllon J, Mena I, Potenski A, Krammer F, García-Sastre A. Influenza B virus reverse genetic backbones with improved growth properties in the EB66® cell line as basis for vaccine seed virus generation. Vaccine 2018; 36:1146-1153. [PMID: 29395518 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the best available prophylaxis to prevent influenza virus infections, yet current inadequacies in influenza virus vaccine manufacturing often lead to vaccine shortages at times when the vaccine is most needed, as it was the case during the last influenza virus pandemic. Novel influenza virus vaccine production systems will be crucial to improve public health and safety. Here we report the optimization of influenza B virus growth in the proprietary EB66® cell line, currently in use for human vaccine production. To this end, we collected, curated and sequenced 71 influenza B viruses selected for high diversity in date of isolation and lineage. This viral collection was tested for ability to enter and replicate within EB66® cells in a single cycle assay and appears to readily infect these cells. When the collection was tested for viral progeny production in a multi-cycle assay, we found a large variation from strain to strain. The strains with the top growth characteristics from the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages were selected for vaccine backbone generation using a reverse genetics system. We then showed that these backbones maintain their desirable growth within EB66® cells when the HA and NA from poorly growing strains were substituted for the parental segments, indicating that the selected backbones are viable options for vaccine production in EB66®. Finally, we show that compounds previously reported to enhance influenza virus growth in cell culture also increase virus production in the EB66® cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Anna Potenski
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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A universal influenza virus vaccine candidate confers protection against pandemic H1N1 infection in preclinical ferret studies. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:26. [PMID: 29263881 PMCID: PMC5627297 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses evade human adaptive immune responses due to continuing antigenic changes. This makes it necessary to re-formulate and re-administer current seasonal influenza vaccines on an annual basis. Our pan-influenza vaccination approach attempts to redirect antibody responses from the variable, immuno-dominant hemagglutinin head towards the conserved—but immuno-subdominant—hemagglutinin stalk. The strategy utilizes sequential immunization with chimeric hemagglutinin-based vaccines expressing exotic head domains, and a conserved hemagglutinin stalk. We compared a live-attenuated influenza virus prime followed by an inactivated split-virus boost to two doses of split-virus vaccines and assessed the impact of adjuvant on protection against challenge with pandemic H1N1 virus in ferrets. All tested immunization regimens successfully induced broadly cross-reactive antibody responses. The combined live-attenuated/split virus vaccination conferred superior protection against pandemic H1N1 infection compared to two doses of split-virus vaccination. Our data support advancement of this chimeric hemagglutinin-based vaccine approach to clinical trials in humans. A vaccine against influenza targets non-varying parts of surface proteins to overcome the virus’ attempt at evading detection. Influenza viruses possess rapidly shifting surface proteins, effectively camouflaging themselves. These changes are making it difficult for vaccines to elicit reliable antibody responses against the threat. A team of researchers led by Florian Krammer and Randy A. Albrecht, of the United States’ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, now describes a vaccine regimen that repeatedly targets a conserved component of the virus’ surface, prompting a broadly protective immune response. The conserved domains of the viral surface proteins are traditionally a more difficult target for vaccines as the immune systems of vaccinees have a preference for the varying domains. The team’s data, generated from ferret experiments, supports an investigation into the efficacy of this approach in humans.
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Generation of monoclonal pan-hemagglutinin antibodies for the quantification of multiple strains of influenza. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180314. [PMID: 28662134 PMCID: PMC5491208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective course of action to prevent influenza. About 150 million doses of influenza vaccines were distributed for the 2015–2016 season in the USA alone according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine dosage is calculated based on the concentration of hemagglutinin (HA), the main surface glycoprotein expressed by influenza which varies from strain to strain. Therefore yearly-updated strain-specific antibodies and calibrating antigens are required. Preparing these quantification reagents can take up to three months and significantly slows down the release of new vaccine lots. Therefore, to circumvent the need for strain-specific sera, two anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a highly conserved sequence have been produced by immunizing mice with a novel peptide-conjugate. Immunoblots demonstrate that 40 strains of influenza encompassing HA subtypes H1 to H13, as well as B strains from the Yamagata and Victoria lineage were detected when the two mAbs are combined to from a pan-HA mAb cocktail. Quantification using this pan-HA mAbs cocktail was achieved in a dot blot assay and results correlated with concentrations measured in a hemagglutination assay with a coefficient of correlation of 0.80. A competitive ELISA was also optimised with purified viral-like particles. Regardless of the quantification method used, pan-HA antibodies can be employed to accelerate process development when strain-specific antibodies are not available, and represent a valuable tool in case of pandemics. These antibodies were also expressed in CHO cells to facilitate large-scale production using bioreactor technologies which might be required to meet industrial needs for quantification reagents. Finally, a simulation model was created to predict the binding affinity of the two anti-HA antibodies to the amino acids composing the highly conserved epitope; different probabilities of interaction between a given amino acid and the antibodies might explain the affinity of each antibody against different influenza strains.
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Léon A, David AL, Madeline B, Guianvarc'h L, Dureau E, Champion-Arnaud P, Hebben M, Huss T, Chatrenet B, Schwamborn K. The EB66® cell line as a valuable cell substrate for MVA-based vaccines production. Vaccine 2016; 34:5878-5885. [PMID: 27997338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selection of a cell substrate is a critical step for the development and manufacturing of a viral vaccine candidate. Several parameters such as cell susceptibility and permissiveness to the viral pathogens but also performance in terms of viral antigens quality and production yields are important considerations when identifying the ideal match between a viral vaccine and cell substrate. The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-deficient viral vector that holds great promise as a vaccine platform, however only limited cell substrates have been tested or are available for industrialization. Here we evaluate the duck embryo-derived EB66® cell line as potential cell substrate for MVA production. To this end, we used two recombinant MVA constructs and demonstrated that EB66® cells are propagating the tested MVA viruses very efficiently, while preserving viral attenuation and transgene expression for up to 20 serial passages. Furthermore we developed upstream and downstream processes that enable industrialization of the virus production. In conclusion, we showed that EB66® cells can be used as potent cell substrate for MVA-based vaccines and represent therefore an attractive alternative for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Léon
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | | | - Brice Madeline
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Elodie Dureau
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Matthias Hebben
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Thierry Huss
- Transgene SA, 400 boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach - Parc d'Innovation - CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden cedex, France
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Critical review of current and emerging quantification methods for the development of influenza vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2015; 33:5913-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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