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Kim Y, Lee S, Jin M, Choi YA, Choi JK, Kwon TK, Khang D, Kim SH. Aspalathin, a Primary Rooibos Flavonoid, Alleviates Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation by the Inhibition of FcεRI Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02034-1. [PMID: 38777857 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells are primary cells initiating allergic inflammation by the release of various allergic mediators, such as histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aspalathin (ASP) is the predominant flavonoid found exclusively in rooibos, an herb that has been traditionally used in allergy relief therapy. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of ASP on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. For in vivo study, two well-known mast cell-mediated local and systemic allergic inflammation mouse models were used: passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active systemic anaphylaxis mouse models (ASA). Oral administration of ASP dose-dependently suppressed immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated PCA responses evidenced by Evans blue extravasation, ear thickening, and mast cell degranulation. ASP also significantly mitigated ovalbumin-induced ASA responses, including hypothermia, histamine secretion, and the production of IgE and interleukin-4. Notably, ASP was more effective in suppressing allergic inflammation than nothofagin, another prominent flavonoid known as an anti-allergic component of rooibos. The regulatory mechanism of mast cell activation by ASP was clarified using mast cell line and primary cultured mast cells (RBL-2H3 and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells). ASP reduced IgE-stimulated mast cells degranulation and intracellular calcium influx by the inhibition of FcεRI signaling pathway (Lyn, Fyn, and Syk). Moreover, ASP reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions by inhibiting two major transcription factors, nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor-κB. Collectively, we proposed that ASP could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yanbian National University, Yanji, 133001, China
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wen Z, Li H, Zhou C, Chen L, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang S, Pan X, Huang S, Shang W, Shen X, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen D. Thymopentin plays a key role in restoring the function of macrophages to alleviate the sepsis process. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111295. [PMID: 38048668 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is one of the leading causes of death of sepsis. How to regulate host immune functions to improve prognoses of septic patients has always been a clinical focus. Here we elaborate on the efficacy and potential mechanism of a classical drug, thymopentin (TP5). TP5 could decrease peritoneal bacterial load, and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels both in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) and serum, alleviate pathological injuries in tissue and organ, coaxed by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in mice, ultimately improve the prognosis of septic mice. Regarding the mechanism, using RNA-seq and flow cytometry, we found that TP5 induced peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) expression, increased phagocytosis and restored TNF-α expression of small peritoneal macrophage (SPM) in the septic mice. This may be increased SPM's ability to clear peritoneal bacteria, thereby attenuates the inflammatory response both in the peritoneal cavity and the serum. It was shown that TP5 plays a key role in restoring the function of peritoneal macrophages to alleviate the sepsis process. We reckon that this is closely relevant to SPM phagocytosis, which might involve increased PGLYRP1 expression and restored TNF-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenliang Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Lidi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Weifeng Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Xuan Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yongan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China.
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China.
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Ayo TE, Adhikari P, Xu H. TNFR1 links TNF exocytosis to TNF production in allergen-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110607. [PMID: 36690134 PMCID: PMC10122983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the maximal production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF or TNFα) in antigen-activated RBL-2H3 cells (a tumor analog of mucosal mast cells) requires Munc13-4, a regulator of exocytic fusion. In this study, we investigated the involvement of various fusion catalysts in TNF production. We observed a strong correlation between the total TNF level and TNF exocytosis in RBL-2H3 cells. RT-qPCR shows that TNFR1 (TNF receptor 1) is the sole TNFR expressed in these cells, and that its transcription is upregulated upon allergen-mediated activation. Importantly, the addition of soluble TNFR1 inhibits antigen-elicited TNF production in a dosage-dependent fashion. Likewise, TNF production is diminished in the presence of TACE (TNFα Converting Enzyme) inhibitor KP-457, which prevents the generation of soluble TNF (sTNF). Together, these findings indicate that sTNF and TNFR1 function as autocrine agent and receptor respectively at the mast cell surface to boost TNF proliferation during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope E Ayo
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America
| | - Pratikshya Adhikari
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America
| | - Hao Xu
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States of America.
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Arooj M, Rehman A, Hyun CL, Rafique A, Kang HK, Hyun JW, Koh YS. Diesel exhaust particulate matter impairs Toll-like receptor signaling and host defense against staphylococcal cutaneous infection in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114443. [PMID: 38321662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is an emerging cause of mortality, affecting nearly 5 million people each year. Exposure to diesel exhaust fine particulate matter (PM2.5) aggravates respiratory and skin conditions. However, its impact on the protective immunity of the skin remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism for adverse effects of PM2.5 on the host protective immunity using in vitro cell and in vivo mouse model. Intracellular translocation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and CpG-DNA internalization were assessed in dendritic cells without or with PM2.5 treatment using immunofluorescence staining. Cytokine and nitric oxide production were measured in dendritic cells and macrophages without or with PM2.5 treatment. NF-κB and MAPK signaling was determined using western blotting. Skin disease severity, bacterial loads, and cytokine production were assessed in cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection mouse model. PM2.5 interfered with TLR9 activation by inhibiting both TLR9 trafficking to early endosomes and CpG-DNA internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, exposure to PM2.5 inhibited various TLR-mediated nitric oxide and cytokine production as well as MAPK and NF-κB signaling. PM2.5 rendered mice more susceptible to staphylococcal skin infections. Our results suggest that exposure to PM impairs TLR signaling and dampens the host defense against staphylococcal skin infections. Our data provide a novel perspective into the impact of PM on protective immunity which is paramount to revealing air pollutant-mediated toxicity on the host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Arooj
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Abdur Rehman
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Asma Rafique
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
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Tang Y, Su R, Gu Q, Hu Y, Yang H. PI3K/AKT-mediated autophagy inhibition facilitates mast cell activation to enhance severe inflammatory lung injury in influenza A virus- and secondary Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105502. [PMID: 36549394 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection causes considerable morbidity and mortality each year globally, and secondary bacterial infection further exacerbates the severity and fatality of the initial viral infection. Mast cells have substantial roles in protecting the respiratory tract mucosa, while their role in viral and bacterial co-infection remains unclear. The present study revealed that secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection significantly aggravated the activation of mast cells during the initial H1N1 infection both in vivo and in vitro, which was closely related to the increased inflammatory lung injury and mortality. Meanwhile, the secondary S. aureus infection suppressed autophagy and promoted inflammatory mediators released by mast cells through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Blocking PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation, could rescue autophagy and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, based on the influenza A viral and secondary bacterial infected mice model, we showed that the combination of LY294002 and antiviral drug oseltamivir could effectively reduce the inflammatory damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing in lungs, recovering body weight loss and improving the survival rate from the co-infections. In conclusion, secondary bacterial infection can inhibit autophagy and stimulate mast cell activation through the PI3K/Akt pathway, which might explain why secondary bacterial infection would cause severe and fatal consequences following an initial influenza A viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruijing Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qingyue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Bhusal A, Nam Y, Seo D, Rahman MH, Hwang EM, Kim S, Lee W, Suk K. Cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide promotes neuroinflammation through astrocyte–microglia communication in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia 2022; 70:1902-1926. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Chan Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
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7
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Qian J, Tu H, Zhang D, Barksdale AN, Patel KP, Wadman MC, Li YL. Therapeutic effects of masitinib on abnormal mechanoreception in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced extremity ischemia-reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174549. [PMID: 34619116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tourniquets are widely used to stop extremity hemorrhage, but their use and subsequent release can result in nerve damage and degeneration, leading to neurological deficits. Increasing evidence has suggested a pivotal role of inflammation in nerve damage and abnormal mechanoreception. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of masitinib (Mas), an anti-neuroinflammatory drug, on the mechanoreception of sensory neurons in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced hind paw ischemia-reperfusion (tourniquet/IR). C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 3 h of ischemia by placing a rubber band at the ankle joint and evaluated for subsequent reperfusion injury on day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 based on the experiments. Treatment with Mas (28 mg/kg/day, i.p.) began on the day of IR induction and lasted for 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. Tourniquet/IR caused sensory nerve denervation in the skin of paw pads and abolished the hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation during the first 3 days of reperfusion. Sensory nerves gradually reinnervated in the skin of paw pads and allodynia began to appear on day 7. The maximum reaction occurred on day 14 and was maintained throughout the study period. Treatment with Mas mitigated nerve damage and improved hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stages of tourniquet/IR. Mas also alleviated allodynia and decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) in the skin of paw pads from days 7-28. Our data suggest that treatment with Mas significantly ameliorated paw numbness and allodynia in mouse hind paw tourniquet/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Significance of Mast Cell Formed Extracellular Traps in Microbial Defense. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:160-179. [PMID: 34024033 PMCID: PMC8140557 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critically involved in microbial defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin LL-37 and defensins) and phagocytosis of microbes. In past years, it has become evident that in addition MCs may eliminate invading pathogens by ejection of web-like structures of DNA strands embedded with proteins known together as extracellular traps (ETs). Upon stimulation of resting MCs with various microorganisms, their products (including superantigens and toxins), or synthetic chemicals, MCs become activated and enter into a multistage process that includes disintegration of the nuclear membrane, release of chromatin into the cytoplasm, adhesion of cytoplasmic granules on the emerging DNA web, and ejection of the complex into the extracellular space. This so-called ETosis is often associated with cell death of the producing MC, and the type of stimulus potentially determines the ratio of surviving vs. killed MCs. Comparison of different microorganisms with specific elimination characteristics such as S pyogenes (eliminated by MCs only through extracellular mechanisms), S aureus (removed by phagocytosis), fungi, and parasites has revealed important aspects of MC extracellular trap (MCET) biology. Molecular studies identified that the formation of MCET depends on NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we summarize the present state-of-the-art on the biological relevance of MCETosis, and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. We also provide an overview over the techniques used to study the structure and function of MCETs, including electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect MCET-associated proteins such as tryptase and histones, and cell-impermeant DNA dyes for labeling of extracellular DNA. Comparing the type and biofunction of further MCET decorating proteins with ETs produced by other immune cells may help provide a better insight into MCET biology in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as microbial defense.
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Ouyang W, Liu C, Pan Y, Han Y, Yang L, Xia J, Xu F. SHP2 deficiency promotes Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following influenza infection. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12721. [PMID: 31782850 PMCID: PMC6985656 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Secondary bacterial pneumonia is common following influenza infection. However, it remains unclear about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods We established a mouse model of post‐influenza S aureus pneumonia using conditional Shp2 knockout mice (LysMCre/+:Shp2flox/flox). The survival, bacterial clearance, pulmonary histology, phenotype of macrophages, and expression of type I interferons and chemokines were assessed between SHP2 deletion and control mice (Shp2flox/flox). We infused additional KC and MIP‐2 to examine the reconstitution of antibacterial immune response in LysMCre/+:Shp2flox/flox mice. The effect of SHP2 on signal molecules including MAPKs (JNK, p38 and Erk1/2), NF‐κB p65 and IRF3 was further detected. Results LysMCre/+:Shp2flox/flox mice displayed impaired antibacterial immunity and high mortality compared with control mice in post‐influenza S aureus pneumonia. The attenuated antibacterial ability was associated with the induction of type I interferon and suppression of chemo‐attractants KC and MIP‐2, which reduced the infiltration of neutrophils into the lung upon secondary bacterial invasion. In additional, Shp2 knockout mice displayed enhanced polarization to alternatively activated macrophages (M2 phenotype). Further in vitro analyses consistently demonstrated that SHP2‐deficient macrophages were skewed towards an M2 phenotype and had a decreased antibacterial capacity. Moreover, SHP2 modulated the inflammatory response to secondary bacterial infection via interfering with NF‐κB and IRF3 signalling in macrophages. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the SHP2 expression enhances the host immune response and prompts bacterial clearance in post‐influenza S aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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The good side of inflammation: Staphylococcus aureus proteins SpA and Sbi contribute to proper abscess formation and wound healing during skin and soft tissue infections. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2657-2670. [PMID: 31299217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prominent cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) worldwide. Mortality associated with invasive SSTI is a major threat to public health considering the incidence of antibiotic resistant isolates in particular methicillin resistant S. aureus both in the hospital (HA-MRSA) and in the community (CA-MRSA). To overcome the increasing difficulties in the clinical management of SSTI due to MRSA, new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed and a preventive vaccine would be welcome. The rational design of an anti-S. aureus vaccine requires a deep knowledge of the role that the different bacterial virulence factors play according to the type of infection. In the present study, using a set of isogenic deficient mutants and their complemented strains we determined that the staphylococcal surface proteins SpA and Sbi play an important role in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the skin during SSTI. SpA and Sbi initiate signaling cascades that lead to the early recruitment of neutrophils, modulate their lifespan in the skin milieu and contribute to proper abscess formation and bacterial eradication. Moreover, the expression of SpA and Sbi appear critical for skin repair and wound healing. Thus, these results indicate that SpA and Sbi can promote immune responses in the skin that are beneficial for the host and therefore, should not be neutralized with vaccine formulations designed to prevent SSTI.
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Tang C, Liu C, Han Y, Guo Q, Ouyang W, Feng H, Wang M, Xu F. Nontoxic Carbon Quantum Dots/g-C 3 N 4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus under Visible Light. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801534. [PMID: 30941911 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and antibiotic resistance genes in the past few decades. Photocatalytic inactivation, a promising approach for the killing of pathogens, efficiently avoids the problems induced by antimicrobial drugs. However, traditional photocatalysts usually have some disadvantages, such as high costs of raw materials, ultraviolet ray excitation, and potential leaching of toxic metals. Here, a metal-free heterojunction photocatalyst, denoted as CQDs/g-C3 N4 , is synthesized through incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), which significantly enhances photocatalytic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared with pure g-C3 N4 in vitro. CQDs/g-C3 N4 causes a rapid increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and destruction of cell membranes under visible light, eventually leading to death of bacteria. The efficacy of CQDs/g-C3 N4 is further examined by a mouse cutaneous infection model of S. aureus. CQDs/g-C3 N4 markedly reduces the bacterial loads and prompts lesion recovery in mice, as compared with g-C3 N4 -treated group. In vivo and in vitro toxicity analyses show that the side effects of CQDs/g-C3 N4 are negligible. Considering the efficient photocatalytic inactivation and nontoxicity of CQDs/g-C3 N4 , this visible-light-driven photocatalyst paves a brand new avenue for the treatment of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and RecyclingSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiaoqi Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and RecyclingSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Huajun Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and RecyclingSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and RecyclingSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang China
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Liu C, Yang L, Han Y, Ouyang W, Yin W, Xu F. Mast cells participate in regulation of lung-gut axis during Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12565. [PMID: 30729611 PMCID: PMC6496676 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The lung‐gut axis is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the role of pulmonary mast cells (MCs) in the regulation of the lung‐gut axis during S. aureus pneumonia. Materials and Methods We created a mouse model of S. aureus pneumonia using MC‐deficient mice (KitW‐sh/W‐sh) and examined the level of inflammation, bacterial burden, expression of cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and composition of the gut microbiota. We further evaluated anti‐bacterial immunity by administering bone marrow MCs (BMMCs) or CRAMP into the lungs of KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice. Results After S. aureus challenge, the MC‐deficient mice, compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, displayed attenuated lung inflammation, decreased expression of CRAMP, higher bacterial lung load and disturbance of the intestinal microbiota. Adoptive transfer of BMMCs into the lung effectively reconstituted the host defence against S. aureus in KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice, thus resulting in recovery of S. aureus pneumonia‐induced intestinal dysfunction. Similarly, exogenous administration of CRAMP significantly enhanced anti‐bacterial immunity in the lungs of MC‐deficient mice. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the involvement of MCs in the regulation of the lung‐gut axis during S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Efficacy of photoactivated Myrciaria cauliflora extract against Staphylococcus aureus infection – A pilot study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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