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Krivitskaya V, Petrova E, Sorokin E, Tsareva T, Sverlova M, Komissarova K, Sominina A, Danilenko D. Characterization of a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the F-Protein of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) for the Typing of Contemporary Circulating Strains. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 38276631 PMCID: PMC10819491 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and research of RSV pathogenesis. A panel of 16 anti-RSV mAbs was obtained from mice immunized by RSV strain Long. Half of them had virus-neutralizing activity. According to Western blot all of these mAbs effectively bound native oligomeric (homodimeric and homotrimeric) forms of the RSV fusion (F) protein. Only five of the mAbs interacted with the monomeric form, and only one of these possessed neutralizing activity. None of these mAbs, nor the commercial humanized neutralizing mAb palivizumab, reacted with the denaturated F protein. Thus, interaction of all these mAbs with F protein had clear conformational dependence. Competitive ELISA and neutralization assays allowed the identification of nine antigenic target sites for the interaction of mAb with the F protein. Five partially overlapping sites may represent a complex spatial structure of one antigenic determinant, including one neutralizing and four non-neutralizing epitopes. Four sites (three neutralizing and one non-neutralizing) were found to be distinct. As a result of virus cultivation RSV-A, strain Long, in the presence of a large amount of one of the neutralizing mAbs, an escape mutant with a substitution, N240S, in the F protein, was obtained. Thus, it was shown for the first time that position 240 is critical for the protective effect of an anti-RSV antibody. To assess the ability of these mAbs to interact with modern RSV strains circulating in St. Petersburg (Russia) between 2014 and 2022, 73 RSV-A and 22 RSV-B isolates were analyzed. Six mAbs were directed to conserved epitopes of the F protein as they interacted most efficiently with both RSV subtypes in a fixed cell-ELISA and could be used for diagnostic assays detecting RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Krivitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, WHO National Influenza Centre, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia; (E.P.); (E.S.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
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Pangesti KNA, Ansari HR, Bayoumi A, Kesson AM, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Abd El Ghany M. Genomic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in the paediatric population of Sydney, NSW, Australia. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001095. [PMID: 37656160 PMCID: PMC10569731 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human orthopneumovirus, is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), particularly in young children, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We used pathogen genomics to characterize the population structure and genetic signatures of RSV isolates circulating in children in New South Wales between 2016 and 2018 and to understand the evolutionary dynamics of these strains in the context of publicly available RSV genomes from the region and globally. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the co-circulation of a few major RSV clades in the paediatric population from Sydney. The whole-genome-based genotypes A23 (RSV-A ON1-like genotype) and B6 (RSV-B BA9-like genotype) were the predominant RSV-A and RSV-B genotypes circulating during the study period, respectively. These genotypes were characterized with high levels of diversity of predicted N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns in both the G and F glycoproteins. Interestingly, a novel 72-nucleotide triplication in the sequence that corresponds to the C-terminal region of the G gene was identified in four of the A23 genotype sequenced in this study. Consistently, the population dynamics analysis demonstrated a continuous increase in the effective population size of A23 and B6 genotypes globally. Further investigations including functional mapping of mutations and identifying the impact of sequence changes on virus fitness are highly required. This study highlights the potential impact of an integrated approach that uses WG-based phylogeny and studying selective pressure events in understanding the emergence and dissemination of RSV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna N. A. Pangesti
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hifzur R. Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bayoumi
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison M. Kesson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Moataz Abd El Ghany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Calaor-Morin J, Arguelles VL, Foronda JL, Tan A, Lagamayo E, Dapat C, Lupisan S. Genotyping of respiratory syncytial virus among influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection cases of children in the Philippines from 2006 to 2016. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:942-951. [PMID: 35582932 PMCID: PMC9343341 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory infection, and therefore, a major threat to global health. This study determined the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of RSV among cases of influenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) among children in the Philippines. Method The study included archived nasopharyngeal swab and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from patients under the age of five who are presented with ILI or SARI for the period of 2006–2016. Swabs were examined for RSV subgroup by multiplex real‐time qRT‐PCR. Partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the second hypervariable region (HVR) of the G gene were used to determine the genotype of RSV isolates. Results A total of 1036 representative samples from all sites were selected and tested. Of these samples, 122 were RSV‐positive at 11.8% prevalence rate, and 58.2% (71/122) were classified as RSV‐A. Six genotypes were identified, which include NA1 (27/122, 22.1%), ON1 (5/122, 4.1%), GA2 (1/122, 0.8%), and GA5 (1/122, 0.8%) for RSV‐A; and BA2 (13/122, 10.7%) and BA9 (1/122, 0.8%) for RSV‐B. Most RSV‐related cases were significantly associated with clinical characteristics such as runny nose (88.1% RSV vs. 11.9% non‐RSV: p value = 0.021), pneumonia (80.6% RSV vs. 19.4% non‐RSV; p value = 0.015), and bronchitis (71.7% RSV vs. 28.3% non‐RSV; p value < 0.001). Increased RSV‐related cases were observed among children below 24 months old. Conclusion The RSV trend and genetic variability in the Philippines resembles a similar pattern of transmission globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonjee Calaor-Morin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines.,Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Vina Lea Arguelles
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Janiza Lianne Foronda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Alvin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
| | - Evelina Lagamayo
- Department of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Clyde Dapat
- RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
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Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Beijing, 2015–2019: A Multicenter and All-Age Groups Study. J Infect 2022; 85:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shen Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Du L. Rapid typing diagnosis and clinical analysis of subtypes A and B of human respiratory syncytial virus in children. Virol J 2022; 19:15. [PMID: 35062975 PMCID: PMC8781464 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five years old. We aimed to investigate the distribution of HRSV subtypes and explore the relationship between viral subtypes and clinical symptoms and disease severity. Methods From November 2016 to April 2017, 541 children hospitalized because of ARI were included in the study. Throat swabs were collected for analysis and all samples were tested by multiplex one-step qRT-PCR for quantitative analysis and typing of HRSV. Patients’ demographics, clinical symptoms as well as laboratory and imaging results were retrieved from medical records. Results HRSV was detected in 19.6% of children hospitalized due to ARI. HRSV-positive children were younger (P < 0.001), had a higher frequency of wheezing and pulmonary rales (P < 0.001; P = 0.003), and were more likely to develop bronchopneumonia (P < 0.001). Interleukin (IL) 10、CD4/CD8 (below normal range) and C-reactive protein levels between subtypes A and B groups were significantly different (P = 0.037; P = 0.029; P = 0.007), and gender differences were evident. By age-stratified analysis between subtypes A and B, we found significant differences in fever frequency and lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.008; P = 0.03) in the 6–12 months age group, while the 12. 1–36 months age group showed significant differences in fever days and count of leukocytes, platelets, levels aspartate aminotransferase, IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase and proportion CD4 positive T cells(P = 0.013; P = 0.018; P = 0.016; P = 0.037; P = 0.049; P = 0.025; P = 0.04). We also found a positive correlation between viral load and wheezing days in subtype A (P < 0.05), and a negative correlation between age, monocyte percentage and LDH concentration in subtype B (P < 0.05). Conclusions HRSV is the main causative virus of bronchopneumonia in infants and children. The multiplex one-step qRT-PCR not only provides a rapid and effective diagnosis of HRSV infection, but also allows its typing. There were no significant differences in the severity of HRSV infection between subtypes A and B, except significant gender-specific and age-specific differences in some clinical characteristics and laboratory results. Knowing the viral load of HRSV infection can help understanding the clinical features of different subtypes of HRSV infection.
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Koivisto K, Nieminen T, Mejias A, Capella C, Ye F, Mertz S, Peeples M, Ramilo O, Saxén H. RSV Specific Antibodies in Pregnant Women and Subsequent Risk of RSV Hospitalization in Young Infants. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1189-1196. [PMID: 34129040 PMCID: PMC8974854 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fusion (F) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the major neutralizing antigen, and antibodies against the pre-F conformation have the most potent neutralizing activity. This study aimed to assess the correlation between maternal antibody titers against the pre-F, post-F, and G glycoproteins and the child’s risk of developing severe RSV bronchiolitis early in infancy. Methods We identified previously healthy term infants <3 months of age hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from December 2015 to March 2016. We measured IgG antibody titers to pre-F, post-F, and G proteins in maternal sera obtained at 9–12 weeks of pregnancy of these hospitalized infants’ mothers (n = 94) and compared them with serum antibody titers of control pregnant mothers (n = 130) whose children were not hospitalized. Results All maternal samples (n = 224) had detectable pre-F antibodies. Pre-F antibody titers were significantly lower in mothers whose infants were hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared with those mothers whose infants were not hospitalized (23.9 [range (or antibody titer range), 1.4–273.7] µg/L vs 30.6 [XXX, 3.4–220.0] µg/L; P = .0026). There were no significant differences in maternal post-F and G antibody titers between hospitalized and nonhospitalized infants. Conclusions Our findings indicate that maternal pre-F antibodies are fundamental for providing immune protection to the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koivisto
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Nieminen
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C Capella
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F Ye
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Mertz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - O Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - H Saxén
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Vianna LA, Siqueira MM, Volpini LPB, Louro ID, Resende PC. Seasonality, molecular epidemiology, and virulence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A perspective into the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251361. [PMID: 34003843 PMCID: PMC8130917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The complex evolution of RSV creates a need for worldwide surveillance, which may assist in the understanding of multiple viral aspects. Objectives This study aimed to investigate RSV features under the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program, evaluating the role of viral load and genetic diversity in disease severity and the influence of climatic factors in viral seasonality. Methodology We have investigated the prevalence of RSV in children up to 3 years of age with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in the state of Espirito Santo (ES), Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. RT-qPCR allowed for viral detection and viral load quantification, to evaluate association with clinical features and mapping of local viral seasonality. Gene G sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated local genetic diversity. Results Of 632 evaluated cases, 56% were caused by RSV, with both subtypes A and B co-circulating throughout the years. A discrete inverse association between average temperature and viral circulation was observed. No correlation between viral load and disease severity was observed, but children infected with RSV-A presented a higher clinical severity score (CSS), stayed longer in the hospital, and required intensive care, and ventilatory support more frequently than those infected by RSV-B. Regarding RSV diversity, some local genetic groups were observed within the main genotypes circulation RSV-A ON1 and RSV-B BA, with strains showing modifications in the G gene amino acid chain. Conclusion Local RSV studies using the Brazilian Influenza Surveillance Program are relevant as they can bring useful information to the global RSV surveillance. Understanding seasonality, virulence, and genetic diversity can aid in the development and suitability of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and assist in the administration of prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Vianna
- Central Laboratory of Public Health of the State of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.,Nucleus of Human and Molecular Genetics/Federal University of Espirito Santo/UFES, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, WHO NIC, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lays P B Volpini
- Virology & Infectious Gastroenteritis Laboratory/Federal University of Espirito Santo/ UFES, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Iuri D Louro
- Nucleus of Human and Molecular Genetics/Federal University of Espirito Santo/UFES, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paola C Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, WHO NIC, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wong K, Robinson JL, Hawkes MT. Risk of Repeated Admissions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Cohort of >10 000 Hospitalized Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:352-358. [PMID: 32706370 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to describe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in Alberta, Canada over a 13-year period with an emphasis on the incidence and risk factors for repeat hospitalizations attributable to new RSV infections. METHODS This was a retrospective database analysis. The Alberta Health Services Discharge Abstract Database was searched for patients <5 years of age admitted to any hospital with a primary diagnosis of RSV from July 1, 2004 through June 30, 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared for children with repeat RSV admission during the same RSV season (but >30 days apart so presumably due to separate infections) compared with all other children with RSV admissions. RESULTS During the study period, 10 212 children had 10 967 RSV admissions. The RSV hospitalization rate was 1.6%. A total of 666 children (6.5%) were readmitted for RSV at least once during the study period, of whom 433 (4.2%) were readmitted within 30 days of the initial hospital discharge. There were 36 children (0.35%) with 2 RSV admissions >30 days apart during the same RSV season. When compared to all other children with RSV admissions, they were more likely to have congenital heart disease or to have been diagnosed with RSV pneumonia (vs bronchiolitis or upper respiratory tract infection) during their initial hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS The RSV hospitalization rate in children <5 years of age was 1.6%. Repeat RSV infections requiring readmission during the same RSV season occurred following only 0.35% of RSV hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joan L Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michael T Hawkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Xiao J, He W. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D drops in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1750-1756. [PMID: 33841698 PMCID: PMC8014391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of vitamin D drops on immune function in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI). METHODS The clinical data of 119 children with RRTI in our hospital were retrospectively retrieved, and they were divided into group A (n=59, receiving routine treatment) and group B (n=60, receiving vitamin D drops) based on their treatment modality. The clinical efficacy, symptom disappearance time, immune function index, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3], serum y-interferon (INF-y), and the number of episodes of respiratory tract infections were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment in group B was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than 71.19% in group A (P<0.05). Children in group B had shorter time to disappearance of lung rales, cough, and fever than group A (P<0.05). Group B had higher IgA, IgG, and IgM levels, higher CD4+, CD3+ levels and lower CD8+ levels as well as higher IGF-1, 25-(OH)D3, INF-y levels, and fewer respiratory infections after treatment than group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin D drops are effective in the treatment of children with RRTI, which is beneficial to the improvement of clinical symptoms and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang Hangzhou Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang Hangzhou Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
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Respiratory syncytial virus B sequence analysis reveals a novel early genotype. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3452. [PMID: 33568737 PMCID: PMC7876121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections and is classified in two main groups, RSV-A and RSV-B, with multiple genotypes within each of them. For RSV-B, more than 30 genotypes have been described, without consensus on their definition. The lack of genotype assignation criteria has a direct impact on viral evolution understanding, development of viral detection methods as well as vaccines design. Here we analyzed the totality of complete RSV-B G gene ectodomain sequences published in GenBank until September 2018 (n = 2190) including 478 complete genome sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, as well as intergenotypic and intragenotypic distance matrices, in order to generate a systematic genotype assignation. Individual RSV-B genes were also assessed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses and multiple sequence alignments were used to identify molecular markers associated to specific genotypes. Analyses of the complete G gene ectodomain region, sequences clustering patterns, and the presence of molecular markers of each individual gene indicate that the 37 previously described genotypes can be classified into fifteen distinct genotypes: BA, BA-C, BA-CC, CB1-THB, GB1-GB4, GB6, JAB1-NZB2, SAB1, SAB2, SAB4, URU2 and a novel early circulating genotype characterized in the present study and designated GB0.
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Dapat C, Kumaki S, Sakurai H, Nishimura H, Labayo HKM, Okamoto M, Saito M, Oshitani H. Gene signature of children with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1664-1672. [PMID: 33510411 PMCID: PMC8249238 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited treatment options for children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the host cellular response during infection. We aimed to identify host genes that are associated with severe RSV disease and to identify drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of severe RSV infection. METHODS We examined clinical data and blood samples from 37 hospitalized children (29 mild and 8 severe) with RSV infection. We tested RNA from blood samples using next-generation sequencing to profile global mRNA expression and identify cellular processes. RESULTS Retractions, decreased breath sounds, and tachypnea were associated with disease severity. We observed upregulation of genes related to neutrophil, inflammatory response, blood coagulation, and downregulation of genes related to T cell response in children with severe RSV. Using network-based approach, 43 drugs were identified that are predicted to interact with the gene products of these differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the changes in the expression pattern in the innate and adaptive immune responses may be associated with RSV clinical severity. Compounds that target these cellular processes can be repositioned as candidate drugs in the treatment of severe RSV. IMPACT Neutrophil, inflammation, and blood coagulation genes are upregulated in children with severe RSV infection. Expression of T cell response genes are suppressed in cases of severe RSV. Genes identified in this study can contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of RSV disease severity. Drugs that target cellular processes associated with severe RSV can be repositioned as potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kumaki
- grid.415495.8Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, 11-12 Miyagino 2-chome, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8520 Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakurai
- grid.415988.90000 0004 0471 4457Department of General Pediatrics, Miyagi Children’s Hospital, 3-17 Ochiai 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-3126 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- grid.415495.8Virus Research Center, Sendai Medical Center, 11-12 Miyagino 2-chome, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8520 Japan
| | - Hannah Karen Mina Labayo
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
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Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111323. [PMID: 33182267 PMCID: PMC7695323 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.
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Yun KW, Choi EH, Lee HJ. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus for 28 consecutive seasons (1990-2018) and genetic variability of the duplication region in the G gene of genotypes ON1 and BA in South Korea. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1069-1077. [PMID: 32144544 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolated from children during 28 consecutive seasons (1990-2018) and the genetic variability of the duplication region of RSV genotypes ON1 and BA in South Korea. RSV was identified using culture-based methods in Hep-2 cells and was grouped as RSV-A or RSV-B by an immunofluorescence assay. The second hypervariable region of the G gene was sequenced for genotyping. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the duplication region of RSV ON1 and BA were analyzed. A total of 670 RSV-A and 233 RSV-B isolates were obtained. For RSV-A, the NA1 genotype predominated during the 2004/2005-2011/2012 seasons. The ON1 genotype was first detected in 2011 and has since replaced all other genotypes. For RSV-B, the GB3 genotype predominated during the 1999/2000-2005/2006 seasons, but the BA genotype also replaced all other genotypes of RSV-B after the first season in which it was isolated (2005/2006). In ON1 and BA genotype RSV strains, novel sequence types of the duplication region of the G gene were identified in 50-95% and 33-80% of the isolates, respectively, in each season. The ON1 and BA9 genotypes are responsible for the current epidemics of RSV infection in South Korea. The sequences in the duplication region of the G gene have evolved continuously and might be sufficient for the identification of specific strains of the RSV-A ON1 and RSV-B BA genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hoan Jong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza and influenza virus infection in young children with acute lower respiratory infection in rural Gambia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17965. [PMID: 31784567 PMCID: PMC6884537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, but representative data from sub-Saharan Africa are needed to inform vaccination strategies. We conducted population-based surveillance in rural Gambia using standardized criteria to identify and investigate children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Naso- and oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Each month from February through December 2015, specimens from 50 children aged 2–23 months were randomly selected to test for respiratory syncytial (RSV), parainfluenza (PIV) and influenza viruses. The expected number of viral-associated ALRI cases in the population was estimated using statistical simulation that accounted for the sampling design. RSV G and F proteins and influenza hemagglutinin genes were sequenced. 2385 children with ALRI were enrolled, 519 were randomly selected for viral testing. One or more viruses were detected in 303/519 children (58.4%). RSV-A was detected in 237 and RSV-B in seven. The expected incidence of ALRI associated with RSV, PIV or influenza was 140 cases (95% CI, 131–149) per 1000 person-years; RSV incidence was 112 cases (95% CI, 102–122) per 1000 person-years. Multiple strains of RSV and influenza circulated during the year. RSV circulated throughout most of the year and was associated with eight times the number of ALRI cases compared to PIV or IV. Gambian RSV viruses were closely related to viruses detected in other continents. An effective RSV vaccination strategy could have a major impact on the burden of ALRI in this setting.
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Zhao T, Ye Z, Wang B, Cui Y, Nie Y, Yang B, Chen K, Zhang H, Hu F, Yu F. Virus isolation and genotype identification of human respiratory syncytial virus in Guizhou Province, China. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:427-434. [PMID: 31734172 PMCID: PMC9428243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology characteristics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) in Guizhou Province, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, from December 2017 to March 2018, and inoculated to Hep-2 cells to isolate HRSV. Cells that showed cytopathic effect (CPE) were then confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and reverse transcription. The sequence of the PCR products was determined for HRSV isolates, and the genetic variation was analyzed. Out of 196 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples, HRSV were isolated in 39. The second hypervariable region at the 3′ terminal of glycoprotein gene (HVR2) sequence analysis showed that subgroup A was dominant. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates belonged to subgroup A, ON1 genotype, and 21 % belonged to subgroup B, BA9 genotype, which indicates that the dominant HRSV circulating in Guizhou Province was subgroup A, genotype ON1, co-circulating with a less prevalent subgroup B, genotype BA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Guizhou University, Medical College, Guiyang, China; Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, GuiyangChina.
| | - Zhixu Ye
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guiyang, China
| | - Binlin Wang
- People's Hospital of QianNan, Department of Clinical Labotatory, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, GuiyangChina; Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, GuiyangChina; Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, GuiyangChina; Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang, China
| | - Fuxun Yu
- Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, GuiyangChina; Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guiyang, China
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Ueno F, Tamaki R, Saito M, Okamoto M, Saito-Obata M, Kamigaki T, Suzuki A, Segubre-Mercado E, Aloyon HD, Tallo V, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H. Age-specific incidence rates and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness in cohort children under 5 years old in the Philippines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:339-353. [PMID: 30891896 PMCID: PMC6586181 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral causes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI), especially in young children. RSV vaccines, including maternal and infant vaccines, are under development; however, more epidemiological studies are needed to develop effective vaccination strategies. Objectives To estimate detailed age‐specific incidence rates and severity of RSV‐associated LRTI (RSV‐LRTI) using data from a community‐based prospective cohort study in the Philippines. Patients/Methods Cohort children who visited health facilities due to acute respiratory symptoms were identified, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to detect RSV. The severity of RSV‐LRTI was assessed using the severity definition proposed by the World Health Organization. Risk factors for developing RSV‐LRTI and contribution of SpO2 measurement were also evaluated. Results A total of 395 RSV episodes which occurred in children aged 2‐59 months were categorised as 183 RSV‐LRTI, 72 as severe RSV‐LRTI and 29 as very severe RSV‐LRTI. Children aged 3‐5 months had the highest incidence rate of RSV‐LRTI, at 207.4 per 1000 child‐years (95% CI: 149.0‐279.5). Younger age group, place of living and low educational level of caregivers were associated with developing RSV‐LRTI. Clinical manifestations had low levels of agreement with hypoxaemia as measured by pulse oximeter. Conclusion The highest burden of RSV was observed in young infants aged 3‐5 months, whereas the burden was also high in those aged 12‐20 months. Future vaccination strategies should consider the protection of older children, especially those aged one year, as well as young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Nagasaki Women's Junior College, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | | | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Otomaru H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Okamoto M, Alday PP, Tan AG, Manalo JI, Segubre-Mercado E, Inobaya MT, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children Under 5 Years in Households of Rural Communities, the Philippines. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz045. [PMID: 30882012 PMCID: PMC6411217 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To develop a more effective vaccination strategy for reducing the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, especially in young infants (<6 months old), it is necessary to understand the transmission dynamics of RSV. Methods We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study from 2014 to 2016 in Biliran Province, the Philippines, on children <5 years old. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) during household visits and at health facilities. In households (n = 181) with RSV-positive ARI cases (RSV-ARI), we also identified ARI episodes among other children <5 years old in the same household. In addition, we determined the serial interval to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0), the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case. Results In the 181 households analyzed, we found 212 RSV-ARI in 152 households with a single case and 29 households with multiple cases, which included 29 1st RSV-ARI and 31 2nd RSV-ARI. We also found possible index cases among children <5 years old in the same household for 29.0% (18 of 62) of young infants with RSV-ARI. The estimated mean serial interval was 3.2 days, and R0 was estimated to be 0.92–1.33 for RSV-A and 1.04–1.76 for RSV-B, which varied between different times (2014 and 2015) and places. Conclusions Young infants are likely to acquire RSV infection from older children in the same household. Therefore, vaccination targeting older children might protect infants from RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Otomaru
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Life Creation, Nagasaki Women's Junior College, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Gue Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Massaad E, Soudani N, Assaf-Casals A, Shaker R, Lteif Khoury M, Ghanem S, Karam M, Andary R, Saito R, Dbaibo G, Zaraket H. Detection of ON1 and novel genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus and emergence of palivizumab resistance in Lebanon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212687. [PMID: 30789963 PMCID: PMC6383889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised individuals. A multi-center surveillance of the epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of RSV circulating in Lebanon was performed. The attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins were analyzed and compared to those reported regionally and globally. 16% (83/519) of the nasopharyngeal swabs collected during the 2016/17 season tested positive for RSV; 50% (27/54) were RSV-A and 50% (27/54) were RSV-B. Phylogenetic analysis of the G glycoprotein revealed predominance of the RSVA ON1 genotype, in addition to two novel Lebanese genotype variants, hereby named LBA1 and LBA2, which descended from the ON1 and NA2 RSV-A genotypes, respectively. RSV-B strains belonged to BA9 genotype except for one BA10. Deduced amino acid sequences depicted several unique substitutions, alteration of glycosylation patterns and the emergence of palivizumab resistance among the Lebanese viruses. The emergence of ON1 and other novel genotypes that are resistant to palivizumab highlights the importance of monitoring RSV globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Aia Assaf-Casals
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouba Shaker
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Lteif Khoury
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha Ghanem
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ( Human Orthopneumovirus) Strains Detected in Children with Repeated Subgroup B Infections in the Philippines. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01017-18. [PMID: 30533851 PMCID: PMC6284083 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01017-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genome sequences were determined for 12 human respiratory syncytial virus strains collected from nasopharyngeal samples obtained from children with repeated subgroup B infections. Eight common amino acid polymorphisms in the G, F, and L proteins were identified between the viruses detected in initial and subsequent infections. Complete genome sequences were determined for 12 human respiratory syncytial virus strains collected from nasopharyngeal samples obtained from children with repeated subgroup B infections. Eight common amino acid polymorphisms in the G, F, and L proteins were identified between the viruses detected in initial and subsequent infections.
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Boonyaratanakornkit J, Englund JA, Magaret AS, Bu Y, Tielsch JM, Khatry SK, Katz J, Kuypers J, Shrestha L, LeClerq SC, Steinhoff MC, Chu HY. Primary and Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections Among Infants in Rural Nepal. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 9:21-29. [PMID: 30423150 PMCID: PMC7317152 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and death in infants; 99% of such deaths occur in resource-limited settings. Risk factors for initial and repeated respiratory viral infections in young infants in resource-limited settings have not been well described. METHODS From 2011 to 2014, a birth cohort of infants in rural Nepal was enrolled and followed with weekly household-based active surveillance for respiratory symptoms until 6 months of age. Respiratory illness was defined as having any of the following: fever, cough, wheeze, difficulty breathing, and/or a draining ear. We tested nasal swabs of infants with respiratory illness for multiple respiratory viruses by using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The risk of primary and repeated infections with the same virus was evaluated using Poisson regression. RESULTS Of 3528 infants, 1726 (49%) had a primary infection, and 419 (12%) had a repeated infection. The incidences of respiratory viral infection in infants were 1816 per 1000 person-years for primary infections and 1204 per 1000 person-years for repeated infection with the same virus. Exposure to other children and male sex were each associated with an increased risk for primary infection (risk ratios, 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.20] and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.02-1.27], respectively), whereas higher maternal education was associated with a decreased risk for both primary and repeated infections (risk ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95-0.98]). The incidence of subsequent infection did not change when previous infection with the same or another respiratory virus occurred. Illness duration and severity were not significantly different in the infants between the first and second episodes for any respiratory virus tested. CONCLUSIONS In infants in rural Nepal, repeated respiratory virus infections were frequent, and we found no decrease in illness severity with repeated infections and no evidence of replacement with another virus. Vaccine strategies and public health interventions that provide durable protection in the first 6 months of life could decrease the burden of repeated infections by multiple respiratory viruses, particularly in low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amalia S Magaret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Yunqi Bu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James M Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Steven C LeClerq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle,Correspondence: H. Y. Chu, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 325 9th Ave., MS 359779, Seattle, WA 98104 ()
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Tracing the emerging genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus in Beijing by evolution analysis of the attachment glycoprotein (G) gene. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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