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Vasiljevic T, Jankovic M, Tomic A, Bakrac I, Radenovic S, Miljanovic D, Knezevic A, Jovanovic T, Djunic I, Todorovic-Balint M. Significance of Cytomegalovirus gB Genotypes in Adult Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Insights from a Single-Centre Investigation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:428. [PMID: 38675390 PMCID: PMC11054653 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major clinical issue after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The CMV envelope glycoproteins are key in viral pathogenesis; the glycoprotein B (gB) encoded by the UL55 gene might be an important determinant of viral virulence and disease severity marker in patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Our aim was to investigate the molecular diversity of CMV gB and inquire into the associations between UL55 gene variations and clinical manifestations in adult patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. RESULTS The most prevalent genotypes were gB1 and gB4 (11/27, 40.7%). Patients with genotype gB1 infection had earlier platelet engraftment (p < 0.033) and less frequent minimal/measurable residual disease post HSCT than those without this genotype. Patients with gB4 glycoprotein infection had a significantly lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio at D90 (p < 0.026). Interestingly, patients with gB5 glycoprotein infection had shorter overall survival from base condition diagnosis (p < 0.042), as well as shorter overall survival after HSCT (p < 0.036). Acute GvHD was noted more frequently in those with mixed-genotype infection (p = 0.047). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included fifty-nine adult patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Peripheral venous blood was sampled typically per week, with detection of CMV performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Multiplex nested PCR was used to determine specific gB genotypes, which were then statistically compared vis-à-vis specific clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Our study points to variations in the viral UL55 locus imparting both beneficial (earlier platelet engraftment, less frequent MRD post HSCT) and adverse effects (shorter overall survival, more frequent acute GvHD, less frequent 100% chimerism at day 90) to the transplanted host. Comprehensive molecular investigations are necessary to validate this apparent duality, as the potential benefits of CMV could perhaps be utilized for the benefit of the patient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vasiljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Marko Jankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ida Bakrac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Stefan Radenovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Danijela Miljanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Institute for Biocides and Medical Ecology, 16 Trebevicka Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irena Djunic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Haematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Todorovic-Balint
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.V.); (I.B.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (I.D.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Haematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang HY, Li L, Nelson CS, Barfield R, Valencia S, Chan C, Muramatsu H, Lin PJC, Pardi N, An Z, Weissman D, Permar SR. Multivalent cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B nucleoside modified mRNA vaccines did not demonstrate a greater antibody breadth. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38378950 PMCID: PMC10879498 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains the most common congenital infection and infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. The most successful HCMV vaccine to date, an HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine adjuvanted with MF59, achieved 50% efficacy against primary HCMV infection. A previous study demonstrated that gB/MF59 vaccinees were less frequently infected with HCMV gB genotype strains most similar to the vaccine strain than strains encoding genetically distinct gB genotypes, suggesting strain-specific immunity accounted for the limited efficacy. To determine whether vaccination with multiple HCMV gB genotypes could increase the breadth of anti-HCMV gB humoral and cellular responses, we immunized 18 female rabbits with monovalent (gB-1), bivalent (gB-1+gB-3), or pentavalent (gB-1+gB-2+gB-3+gB-4+gB-5) gB lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified RNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines. The multivalent vaccine groups did not demonstrate a higher magnitude or breadth of the IgG response to the gB ectodomain or cell-associated gB compared to that of the monovalent vaccine. Also, the multivalent vaccines did not show an increase in the breadth of neutralization activity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against HCMV strains encoding distinct gB genotypes. Interestingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived gB-2-specific T-cell responses elicited by multivalent vaccines were of a higher magnitude compared to that of monovalent vaccinated animals against a vaccine-mismatched gB genotype at peak immunogenicity. Yet, no statistical differences were observed in T cell response against gB-3 and gB-5 variable regions among the three vaccine groups. Our data suggests that the inclusion of multivalent gB antigens is not an effective strategy to increase the breadth of anti-HCMV gB antibody and T cell responses. Understanding how to increase the HCMV vaccine protection breadth will be essential to improve the vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceutical, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Cody S Nelson
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard Barfield
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sarah Valencia
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paulo J C Lin
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Pontes KFM, Nardozza LMM, Peixoto AB, Werner H, Tonni G, Granese R, Araujo Júnior E. Cytomegalovirus and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38276146 PMCID: PMC10816506 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide, affecting between 0.7% and 1% of all live births. Approximately 11% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth, and between 30% and 40% of these are at risk of developing long-term neurological sequelae. Until recently, the lack of an effective treatment did not justify universal testing of pregnant women. In recent years, however, valacyclovir at a dose of 8 g/day has been shown to be effective in preventing vertical transmission, and ganciclovir has been shown to be effective in preventing long-term sequelae in the treatment of symptomatic neonates. The aim of this article is to review congenital CMV infection, from its epidemiology to its treatment, using the most recent studies in the literature, and to help in the decision to modify protocols for universal testing of pregnant women according to the possibilities of each locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Felippe Monezi Pontes
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (K.F.M.P.); (L.M.M.N.); (E.A.J.)
- Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ipiranga Hospital, São Paulo 04262-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (K.F.M.P.); (L.M.M.N.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Alberto Borges Peixoto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Mário Palmério University Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba 38050-501, MG, Brazil;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
| | - Heron Werner
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Biodesign Laboratory DASA/PUC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, SP, Brazil;
| | - Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, 242100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Granese
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University Hospital “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (K.F.M.P.); (L.M.M.N.); (E.A.J.)
- Discipline of Woman Health, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Campus Center, São Caetano do Sul 09521-160, SP, Brazil
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Uribe FR, González VPI, Kalergis AM, Soto JA, Bohmwald K. Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development. Brain Sci 2024; 14:59. [PMID: 38248274 PMCID: PMC10813552 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies are a public health concern, with viral infections one of their principal causes. These viruses are known as neurotropic pathogens, characterized by their ability to infiltrate the CNS and thus interact with various cell populations, inducing several diseases. The immune response elicited by neurotropic viruses in the CNS is commanded mainly by microglia, which, together with other local cells, can secrete inflammatory cytokines to fight the infection. The most relevant neurotropic viruses are adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have associated a viral infection with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) manifestations. This article will review the knowledge about viral infections, CNS pathologies, and the immune response against them. Also, it allows us to understand the relevance of the different viral proteins in developing neuronal pathologies, SLE and NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R. Uribe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.R.U.); (V.P.I.G.)
| | - Valentina P. I. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.R.U.); (V.P.I.G.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile;
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.R.U.); (V.P.I.G.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma, Santiago 8910060, Chile
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Huang CY, Cheng YC, Hwang YS, Kang EYC, Hsiao CH. Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Genotype in Patients with Anterior Segment Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076304. [PMID: 37047276 PMCID: PMC10094332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The glycoprotein B (gB) on the viral envelope, encoded by the most widely characterised polymorphic gene, gpUL55, is responsible for cytomegalovirus (CMV) entry into the host and could serve as a potential marker of pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the distribution of the CMV gB genotype in anterior segment infection in Taiwan and its correlation with clinical manifestations and outcomes. (2) Fifty-seven patients with CMV anterior segment infection were identified according to clinical features and positivity for CMV DNA in aqueous humour samples. CMV gB genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction assays. Patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed. (3) Among the 57 aqueous humour samples tested for gB, 40 (70.28%) had multiple gB genotypes, and only 17 (29.82%) had a single gB genotype. Compared with single-genotype infection, multiple-genotype infection was correlated with higher CMV loads (p < 0.001) but not correlated with outcome. A higher proportion of patients with the gB3 genotype had received filtering surgery before antiviral treatment than those without the gB3 genotype (p = 0.046). (4) Multiple-genotype infection was highly prevalent in CMV anterior segment infection in Taiwan, and gB1 and gB3 were predominant. Multiple-genotype infection was correlated with higher CMV loads but not with specific clinical manifestations or prognostic outcomes. The gB3 genotype may be correlated with poor intraocular pressure control.
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Determination of Genotypes in Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strains Obtained from Pediatric and Adult Immunocompromised Patients. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1095228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cytomegalovirus causes asymptomatic disease in individuals with normal immune system; and leads to serious complications in immunocompromised individuals and fetus. In CMV, gB is the most studied glycoprotein in terms of genotyping. Up to now, four different gB genotypes (gB 1-4) of CMV have been identified.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the genotypes of CMV strains obtained from patients with immune deficiency.
Methods: Twenty children and 29 adults, 49 patients who were followed in the Department of Adult Hematology and Pediatric Hematology were included in the study. DNA isolation was performed from samples with CMV DNA level of 1000 IU / ml and above, and 474 bp region from the gB region of the virus was amplified by nested PCR. This region was sequenced by the Sanger (ABI 3500 Prism) sequencing. Next generation sequencing (NGS) method was applied to the samples that CMV genotype could not be determined by Sanger sequencing.
Results: Distribution of CMV genotypes of patients determined by Sanger sequencing; while it was determined as 18/49 (36.7%) type 1, 5/49 (10.2%) type 2, 5/49 (10.2%) type 3 and 1/49 (2%) type 4; 14/49 (28.5%) of them were found as mixed genotypes. CMV genotype could not be determined in 6 patients by Sanger sequencing and CMV genotype of these 6 patients were found as mixed genoype by NGS. Mixed genotype was detected in 20 (40.9%) of 49 patients, in total by Sanger sequencing and NGS.
Conclusion: It is remarkable that the most common genotype is mixed genotype. It was concluded that it is appropriate to study the next generation sequencing method in patients whose CMV genotype cannot be determined by Sanger sequencing.
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The Viral Load of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant by Chip Digital PCR. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2786841. [PMID: 36300166 PMCID: PMC9592232 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2786841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To detect viral load in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) by chip digital PCR (cdPCR). Methods The plasmid pUC57-UL83 containing the HCMV-UL83 gene and HCMV AD169 strain were used to evaluate the sensitivity of cdPCR. Either HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, HHV-6, or HHV-7 was used to evaluate the specificity of HCMV cdPCR. The cdPCR was compared with quantitative PCR (qPCR) by detecting HCMV infection in 125 children's whole blood samples following HSCT. Results The limit of detection (LOD) of HCMV cdPCR was 103 copies/ml and the qPCR LOD was 297 copies/ml for plasmid pUC57-UL83. The result of HCMV cdPCR was 146 copies/ml for the HCMV AD169 strain, indicating that the sensitivity of cdPCR was higher than that of qPCR. There is no cross-reaction between HCMV cdPCR and other herpes viruses. The incidence of HCMV infection was 30.40% in 125 children following HSCT by cdPCR. The range of the HCMV viral load was from 107 copies/ml to 6600 copies/ml by cdPCR. Conclusions cdPCR is more sensitive than qPCR for detecting HCMV viral load. Furthermore, the cdPCR could be used to detect the viral load of HCMV infection before or after HSCT in children.
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Waters S, Lee S, Ariyanto I, Kresoje N, Leary S, Munyard K, Gaudieri S, Irish A, Keil AD, Allcock RJN, Price P. Sequencing of the Viral UL111a Gene Directly from Clinical Specimens Reveals Variants of HCMV-Encoded IL-10 That Are Associated with Altered Immune Responses to HCMV. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4644. [PMID: 35563032 PMCID: PMC9104433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus carried by ~80% of adults worldwide. Acute infections are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals but generate diverse syndromes in neonates, renal transplant recipients (RTR), and people with HIV (PWH). The HCMV gene UL111a encodes a homolog of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) that interacts with the human IL-10 receptor. Deep sequencing technologies were used to sequence UL111a directly from 59 clinical samples from Indonesian PWH and Australian RTR, healthy adults, and neonates. Overall, 93% of samples contained more than one variant of HCMV, as defined by at least one nonsynonymous variation. Carriage of these variants differed between neonates and adults, Australians and Indonesians, and between saliva and blood leukocytes. The variant alleles of N41D and S71Y occurred together in Australian RTR and were associated with higher T-cell responses to HCMV pp65. The variant P122S was associated with lower levels of antibodies reactive with a lysate of HCMV-infected fibroblasts. L174F was associated with increased levels of antibodies reactive with HCMV lysate, immediate-early 1 (IE-1), and glycoprotein B (gB) in Australian RTR and Indonesians PWH, suggesting a higher viral burden. We conclude that variants of UL111a are common in all populations and may influence systemic responses to HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Waters
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; (S.W.); (S.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Silvia Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; (S.W.); (S.L.); (K.M.)
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Ibnu Ariyanto
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Nina Kresoje
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (N.K.); (R.J.N.A.)
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Kylie Munyard
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; (S.W.); (S.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; (S.L.); (S.G.)
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ashley Irish
- Department of Nephrology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, Australia;
| | - Anthony D. Keil
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (N.K.); (R.J.N.A.)
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; (S.W.); (S.L.); (K.M.)
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Hu H, Peng W, Peng Q, Cheng Y. Cytomegalovirus Genotype Distribution among Congenital and Perinatal Infected Patients with CMV-Associated Thrombocytopenia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:77-86. [PMID: 32479132 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1765916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We determined the prevalence and relationship of glycoprotein B (gB), glycoprotein N (gN), and glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in CMV-associated thrombocytopenia (CAP). Methods: CMV gB, gN, and gH strains were determined by nested PCR and restriction length polymorphism from 24 CAP and 20 asymptomatic CMV infected infants. Results: The order of prevalence was gB1 (70.8%,17/24), gN4 (45.8%,11/24) and gH2 (54.2%,13/24). There was a greater prevalence of gB1(75.0%,15/20), gN4(50.0%,10/20) and gN2 (35.0%,7/20) in moderate to severe infection (p = 0.014 and p = 0.003). By logistic regression, gH2 (p = 0.031) had an elevated risk of thrombocytopenia. Reduced risks of thrombocytopenia were associated with gB2 (p = 0.020), gN1 (p = 0.018) and gN3 (p = 0.008). The most virulent were gB1 (p = 0.033) and gN2 (p = 0.038). Conclusions: There may be a potential association between the gH2 genotype of CMV and infantile thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- Department of Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoying Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Sequencing Directly from Clinical Specimens Reveals Genetic Variations in HCMV-Encoded Chemokine Receptor US28 That May Influence Antibody Levels and Interactions with Human Chemokines. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0002021. [PMID: 34704798 PMCID: PMC8549752 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00020-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus carried by ∼80% of the world’s population. Acute infections are asymptomatic in healthy individuals but generate diverse syndromes in neonates, solid organ transplant recipients, and HIV-infected individuals. The HCMV gene US28 encodes a homolog of a human chemokine receptor that is able to bind several chemokines and HIV gp120. Deep sequencing technologies were used to sequence US28 directly from 60 clinical samples from Indonesian HIV patients and Australian renal transplant recipients, healthy adults, and neonates. Molecular modeling approaches were used to predict whether nine nonsynonymous mutations in US28 may alter protein binding to a panel of six chemokines and two variants of HIV gp120. Ninety-two percent of samples contained more than one variant of HCMV, as defined by at least one nonsynonymous mutation. Carriage of these variants differed between neonates and adults, Australian and Indonesian samples, and saliva samples and blood leukocytes. Two nonsynonymous mutations (N170D and R267K) were associated with increased levels of immediate early protein 1 (IE-1) and glycoprotein B (gB) HCMV-reactive antibodies, suggesting a higher viral burden. Seven of the nine mutations were predicted to alter binding of at least one ligand. Overall, HCMV variants are common in all populations and have the potential to affect US28 interactions with human chemokines and/or gp120 and alter responses to the virus. The findings relied on deep sequencing technologies applied directly to clinical samples, so the variants exist in vivo. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common viral pathogen of solid organ transplant recipients, neonates, and HIV-infected individuals. HCMV encodes homologs of several host genes with the potential to influence viral persistence and/or pathogenesis. Here, we present deep sequencing of an HCMV chemokine receptor homolog, US28, acquired directly from clinical specimens. Carriage of these variants differed between patient groups and was associated with different levels of circulating HCMV-reactive antibodies. These features are consistent with a role for US28 in HCMV persistence and pathogenesis. This was supported by in silico analyses of the variant sequences demonstrating altered ligand-binding profiles. The data delineate a novel approach to understanding the pathogenesis of HCMV and may impact the development of an effective vaccine.
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Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071370. [PMID: 34372576 PMCID: PMC8310075 DOI: 10.3390/v13071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.
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Cytomegalovirus Genotype Distribution among Postnatally Infected Infants: Association of Glycoprotein B, Glycoprotein N and Glycoprotein H Types with CMV-Associated Thrombocytopenia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020057. [PMID: 32952968 PMCID: PMC7485468 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Hasing ME, Pang XL, Mabilangan C, Preiksaitis JK. Donor Cytomegalovirus Transmission Patterns in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Primary Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:827-837. [PMID: 32706857 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of single versus multiple cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain transmission from donor (D+) to seronegative solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (R-) is uncertain, as is whether "relapsing" recipient infection represents changing strain predominance when multiple strains are transmitted. Here we characterized CMV strain transmission patterns in D+/R- SOT recipients. METHODS We studied pairs or groups of D+/R- SOT recipients who received organs from a common donor (group A) and recipients who experienced ≥2 waves of CMV DNAemia (group B). CMV in plasma was characterized by genotype-specific real-time PCR for genes gB and gH. RESULTS Single concordant genotypes were identified in 12 of 18 recipient pairs/group sharing a common donor (group A); at least 6 of 18 (33%) donors transmitted > 1 strain. A single CMV strain was detected in 14 of 15 recipients in group B; only 1 recipient had coinfection. A shift in CMV strain predominance occurred after the first posttransplant year in at least 4 recipients with coinfection. CONCLUSIONS Using a common donor approach, we confirmed that multiple CMV strain transmission from donors to R- SOT recipients is not uncommon. D+/R- SOT recipients with CMV coinfection can undergo changes in strain predominance in late waves of CMV DNAemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Hasing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaoli L Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
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