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Kasprzycka P, Archacka K, Kowalski K, Mierzejewski B, Zimowska M, Grabowska I, Piotrowski M, Rafałko M, Ryżko A, Irhashava A, Senderowski K, Gołąbek M, Stremińska W, Jańczyk-Ilach K, Koblowska M, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Fogtman A, Janowski M, Walczak P, Ciemerych MA, Brzoska E. The factors present in regenerating muscles impact bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell fusion with myoblasts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 31753006 PMCID: PMC6873517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells, a population of unipotent stem cells attached to muscle fibers, determine the excellent regenerative capability of injured skeletal muscles. Myogenic potential is also exhibited by other cell populations, which exist in the skeletal muscles or come from other niches. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells inhabiting the bone marrow do not spontaneously differentiate into muscle cells, but there is some evidence that they are capable to follow the myogenic program and/or fuse with myoblasts. METHODS In the present study we analyzed whether IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 could impact human and porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hBM-MSCs and pBM-MSCs) and induce expression of myogenic regulatory factors, skeletal muscle-specific structural, and adhesion proteins. Moreover, we investigated whether these factors could induce both types of BM-MSCs to fuse with myoblasts. IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 were selected on the basis of their role in embryonic myogenesis as well as skeletal muscle regeneration. RESULTS We found that hBM-MSCs and pBM-MSCs cultured in vitro in the presence of IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, or SDF-1 did not upregulate myogenic regulatory factors. Consequently, we confirmed the lack of their naïve myogenic potential. However, we noticed that IL-4 and IL-6 impacted proliferation and IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 improved migration of hBM-MSCs. IL-4 treatment resulted in the significant increase in the level of mRNA encoding CD9, NCAM, VCAM, and m-cadherin, i.e., proteins engaged in cell fusion during myotube formation. Additionally, the CD9 expression level was also driven by IGF-1 treatment. Furthermore, the pre-treatment of hBM-MSCs either with IGF-1, IL-4, or SDF-1 and treatment of pBM-MSCs either with IGF-1 or IL-4 increased the efficacy of hybrid myotube formation between these cells and C2C12 myoblasts. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, our study revealed that treatment with IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, or SDF-1 affects BM-MSC interaction with myoblasts; however, it does not directly promote myogenic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasprzycka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zimowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piotrowski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Rafałko
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Ryżko
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aliksandra Irhashava
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Senderowski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gołąbek
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Władysława Stremińska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jańczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Janowski
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Interleukin 4 Moderately Affects Competence of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myogenic Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163932. [PMID: 31412558 PMCID: PMC6720909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells convert into skeletal muscle tissue during teratoma formation or chimeric animal development. Thus, they are characterized by naive myogenic potential. Numerous attempts have been made to develop protocols enabling efficient and safe conversion of pluripotent stem cells into functional myogenic cells in vitro. Despite significant progress in the field, generation of myogenic cells from pluripotent stem cells is still challenging—i.e., currently available methods require genetic modifications, animal-derived reagents, or are long lasting—and, therefore, should be further improved. In the current study, we investigated the influence of interleukin 4, a factor regulating inter alia migration and fusion of myogenic cells and necessary for proper skeletal muscle development and maintenance, on pluripotent stem cells. We assessed the impact of interleukin 4 on proliferation, selected gene expression, and ability to fuse in case of both undifferentiated and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results revealed that interleukin 4 slightly improves fusion of pluripotent stem cells with myoblasts leading to the formation of hybrid myotubes. Moreover, it increases the level of early myogenic genes such as Mesogenin1, Pax3, and Pax7 in differentiating embryonic stem cells. Thus, interleukin 4 moderately enhances competence of mouse pluripotent stem cells for myogenic conversion.
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Sestito C, Brevé JJP, van Eggermond MCJA, Killestein J, Teunissen CE, van Rossum J, Wilhelmus MMM, Drukarch B, van den Elsen PJ, van Dam AM. Monocyte-derived tissue transglutaminase in multiple sclerosis patients: reflecting an anti-inflammatory status and function of the cells? J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:257. [PMID: 29268771 PMCID: PMC5740592 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system is an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Among the infiltrating cells, monocytes comprise the largest population and are considered to play a dual role in the course of the disease. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2), produced by monocytes, plays a central role in monocyte adhesion/migration in animal models of MS. In the present study, we questioned whether TG2 expression is altered in monocytes from MS patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects. Moreover, we determined the inflammatory status of these TG2-expressing monocytes, what inflammatory factor regulates TG2 expression, and whether TG2 can functionally contribute to their adhesion/migration processes. METHODS Primary human monocytes from MS patients and HC subjects were collected, RNA isolated and subjected to qPCR analysis. Human THP-1 monocytes were lentivirally transduced with TG2 siRNA or control and treated with various cytokines. Subsequently, mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion properties, and activity of RhoA were analyzed in interleukin (IL)-4-treated monocytes. RESULTS TG2 mRNA levels are significantly increased in monocytes derived from MS patients compared to HC subjects. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that TG2-expressing cells display a more anti-inflammatory, migratory profile in MS patients. Using THP-1 monocytes, we observed that IL-4 is a major trigger of TG2 expression in these cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TG2 expression leads to a pro-inflammatory profile and reduced adhesion/migration properties of IL-4-treated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS TG2-expressing monocytes in MS patients have a more anti-inflammatory profile. Furthermore, TG2 mediates IL-4-induced anti-inflammatory status in THP-1 monocytes, adhesion, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in vitro. We thus propose that IL-4 upregulates TG2 expression in monocytes of MS patients, driving them into an anti-inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sestito
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Present Address: Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja C J A van Eggermond
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joram van Rossum
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Maller O, Martinson H, Schedin P. Extracellular matrix composition reveals complex and dynamic stromal-epithelial interactions in the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2010; 15:301-18. [PMID: 20811805 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-010-9189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is an excellent model system to study the interplay between stroma and epithelial cells because of the gland's unique postnatal development and its distinct functional states. This review focuses on the contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to stromal-epithelial interactions in the mammary gland. We describe how ECM physical properties, protein composition, and proteolytic state impact mammary gland architecture as well as provide instructive cues that influence the function of mammary epithelial cells during pubertal gland development and throughout adulthood. Further, based on recent proteomic analyses of mammary ECM, we describe known mammary ECM proteins and their potential functions, as well as describe several ECM proteins not previously recognized in this organ. ECM proteins are discussed in the context of the morphologically-distinct stromal subcompartments: the basal lamina, the intra- and interlobular stroma, and the fibrous connective tissue. Future studies aimed at in-depth qualitative and quantitative characterization of mammary ECM within these various subcompartments is required to better elucidate the function of ECM in normal as well as in pathological breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Maller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado-Denver, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Muessel MJ, Scott KS, Friedl P, Bradding P, Wardlaw AJ. CCL11 and GM-CSF differentially use the Rho GTPase pathway to regulate motility of human eosinophils in a three-dimensional microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:8354-60. [PMID: 18523302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease that causes considerable morbidity. Increased numbers of airway eosinophils are a hallmark of asthma. Mechanisms controlling the entry of eosinophils into asthmatic lung have been intensively investigated, but factors regulating migration within the tissue microenvironment are less well understood. We modeled this by studying chemoattractant and growth factor-mediated human eosinophil migration within a three-dimensional collagen matrix. Stimulation with GM-CSF induced dose-dependent, random migration with a maximum of 77 +/- 4.7% of cells migrating. In contrast, CCL11 and C5a caused a more modest although significant degree of migration (19 +/- 1.8% and 20 +/- 2.6%, respectively). Migration to GM-CSF was partially dependent on Ca(2+) and alpha(M)beta(2) integrins. The Rho family of small GTPases regulates intracellular signaling of cell migration. GM-CSF-induced migration was only partially dependent on Rho kinase/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and was independent of RhoA activation. In contrast, CCL11-induced migration was fully dependent on both RhoA and ROCK. Activation of RhoA was therefore neither necessary nor sufficient to cause eosinophil migration in a three-dimensional collagen environment. This study suggests that eosinophil growth factors are likely to be required for eosinophil migration within the bronchial mucosa, and this involves signal transduction pathways distinct from those used by G protein-associated chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Muessel
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Lafreniere JF, Mills P, Bouchentouf M, Tremblay JP. Interleukin-4 improves the migration of human myogenic precursor cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1127-41. [PMID: 16466711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Different molecules are available to recruit new neighboring myogenic cells to the site of regeneration. Formerly called B cell stimulatory factor-1, IL-4 can now be included in the list of motogenic factors. The present report demonstrates that human IL-4 is not required for fusion between mononucleated myoblasts but is required for myotube maturation. In identifying IL-4 as a pro-migratory agent for myogenic cells, these results provide a mechanism which partly explains IL-4 demonstrated activity during differentiation. Among the different mechanisms by which IL-4 might enhance myoblast migration processes, our results indicate that there are implications of some integrins and of three major components of the fibrinolytic system. Indeed, increases in the amount of active urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor were observed following an IL-4 treatment, while the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 decreased. Finally, IL-4 did not modify the amount of cell surface alpha5 integrin but increased the presence of beta3 and beta1 integrins. This integrin modulation might favor myogenic cell migration and its interaction with newly formed myotubes. Therefore, IL-4 co-injection with transplanted myoblasts might be an approach to enhance the migration of transplanted cells for the treatment of a damaged myocardium or of a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Lafreniere
- Unité de recherche en Génétique humaine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, 2705, boul. Laurier, RC-9300, Sainte-Foy (Québec), Canada G1V 4G2
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7
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Barreiro O, de la Fuente H, Mittelbrunn M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Posterolateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation of trimalleolar ankle fractures. Immunol Rev 2006; 218:147-64. [PMID: 17624951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are of critical importance in immunobiology. Leukocytes make extensive use of a specialized repertoire of receptors to mediate such processes. Among these receptors, integrins are known to be of crucial importance. This review deals with the central role of integrins and their counterreceptors during the establishment of leukocyte-endothelium contacts, interstitial migration, and final encounter with antigen-presenting cells to develop an appropriate immune response. Particularly, we have addressed the molecular events occurring during these sequential processes, leading to the dynamic subcellular redistribution of adhesion receptors and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is reflected in changes in cytoarchitecture, including leukocyte polarization, endothelial docking structure formation, or immune synapse organization. The roles of signaling and structural actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins and organized membrane microdomains in the regulation of receptor adhesiveness are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barreiro
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
During the differentiation process of B lymphocytes, they go through changes in adhesion and motility. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of such changes, in vitro culture systems are necessary. When B cells are activated by various stimuli, they form different types of homotypic aggregates. In addition, they might also spread and express microvilli and/or become polarized, the latter being a sign of motility. In this review, we summarize our own research in this area. We give evidence for involvement of different adhesion and signalling molecules, and by the end, we speculate on the in vivo significance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Severinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 285, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Miller MJ, Wei SH, Parker I, Cahalan MD. Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science 2002; 296:1869-73. [PMID: 12016203 DOI: 10.1126/science.1070051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte motility is vital for trafficking within lymphoid organs and for initiating contact with antigen-presenting cells. Visualization of these processes has previously been limited to in vitro systems. We describe the use of two-photon laser microscopy to image the dynamic behavior of individual living lymphocytes deep within intact lymph nodes. In their native environment, T cells achieved peak velocities of more than 25 micrometers per minute, displaying a motility coefficient that is five to six times that of B cells. Antigenic challenge changed T cell trajectories from random walks to "swarms" and stable clusters. Real-time two-photon imaging reveals lymphocyte behaviors that are fundamental to the initiation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
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Tino MJ, Wright JR. Glycoprotein-340 binds surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and stimulates alveolar macrophage migration in an SP-A-independent manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:759-68. [PMID: 10101009 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.4.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein-340 (gp-340) was first identified as a surfactant protein (SP)-D-binding molecule purified from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis (Holmskov, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1997;272:13743). In purifying SP-A from proteinosis lavage, we isolated a protein that copurifies with SP-A and SP-D and that was later found by protein sequencing to be gp-340. We have shown that soluble gp-340 binds SP-A in a calcium-dependent manner independent of the lectin activity of SP-A. To examine the functional significance of this interaction, we tested the ability of soluble gp-340 to block SP-A binding to and stimulation of the chemotaxis of alveolar macrophages. We found that gp-340 does not affect the binding of SP-A to alveolar macrophages over a wide range of SP-A concentrations, nor does it inhibit the ability of SP-A to stimulate macrophage chemotaxis. We also found that gp-340 alone stimulates the random migration (chemokinesis) of alveolar macrophages in a manner independent of SP-A-stimulated chemotaxis. These results suggest that gp-340 is not a cell-surface receptor necessary for SP-A stimulation of chemotaxis, and show that gp-340 can directly affect macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tino
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Ariel A, Yavin EJ, Hershkoviz R, Avron A, Franitza S, Hardan I, Cahalon L, Fridkin M, Lider O. IL-2 Induces T Cell Adherence to Extracellular Matrix: Inhibition of Adherence and Migration by IL-2 Peptides Generated by Leukocyte Elastase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Migration of inflammatory cells requires cell adhesion and their subsequent detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Leukocyte activation and migration must be terminated to stop inflammation. Here, we report that IL-2 enhances human T cell adherence to laminin, collagen type IV, and fibronectin (FN). In contrast, neutrophil elastase, an enzyme activated during inflammation, degrades IL-2 to yield IL-2 fractions that inhibit IL-2-induced T cell adhesion to FN. The amino acid composition of two of these IL-2 fractions, which appear to block T cell adherence to FN, were analyzed, and three peptides were consequently synthesized. The three peptides IVL, RMLT, and EFLNRWIT, but not the corresponding inversely synthesized peptides, inhibited T cell adhesion to FN induced by a variety of activators: IL-2, IL-7, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and PMA, as well as anti-CD3 and anti-β1 integrin-activating mAb. Moreover, these IL-2 peptides inhibited T cell chemotaxis via FN-coated membranes induced by IL-2 and MIP-1β. Inhibition of T cell adherence and migration apparently involves abrogation of the rearrangement of the T cell actin cytoskeleton. Thus, the migrating immune cells, the cytokines, and the ECM can create a functional relationship in which both inflammation-inducing signals and inhibitory molecules of immune responses can coexist; the enzymatic products of IL-2 may serve as natural feedback inhibitors of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eran J. Yavin
- †Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and
| | | | | | | | - Izhar Hardan
- ‡Department of Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Israel
| | | | - Mati Fridkin
- †Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and
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Davey EJ, Thyberg J, Conrad DH, Severinson E. Regulation of Cell Morphology in B Lymphocytes by IL-4: Evidence for Induced Cytoskeletal Changes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation is often accompanied by changes in cell morphology, for example, in cell adhesion or motility. IL-4 is a cytokine exerting many effects on B lymphocytes. In this study, we show that stimulation with LPS in combination with IL-4, but not LPS or IL-4 alone, results in a pronounced dendritic morphology of B cells. Using a culture system in which Abs directed to B cell surface markers are immobilized on the tissue culture plastic, we find that cell spreading can be mediated by a variety of Abs, including anti-CD44, -CD23, -LFA-1, -VLA-4, -ICAM-1, and -Ig. B cells stimulated with anti-Ig Abs plus IL-4, or anti-CD40 Abs in the presence or absence of IL-4, are also induced to spread, while IL-2, IL-5, or IL-10 in combination with LPS or alone fail to induce this. Spreading correlates with induction of tight cell aggregation. It is sensitive to cytochalasin B, indicating a requirement for intact actin cytoskeleton. CD44 is selectively detected in the detergent-insoluble fraction of cell lysates prepared from LPS plus IL-4-stimulated B cell cultures after Ab cross-linking of CD44, suggesting a membrane protein-cytoskeleton interaction. Interestingly, electron microscopy studies reveal induction of microvilli-like structures on LPS plus IL-4-stimulated blasts, suggesting that IL-4 can influence cell morphology on an ultra-structural level. In summary, our data show that stimulation with LPS plus IL-4 or ligation of CD40 is capable of inducing dramatic morphologic changes in murine B cells, which correlates with in vitro induction of strong cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Davey
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Johan Thyberg
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Daniel H. Conrad
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Eva Severinson
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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