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Younis N, Puigmal N, Kurdi AE, Badaoui A, Zhang D, Morales-Garay C, Saad A, Cruz D, Rahy NA, Daccache A, Huerta T, Deban C, Halawi A, Choi J, Dosta P, Guo Lian C, Artzi N, Azzi JR. Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Immunomodulators Restores Immune Privilege in Hair Follicles and Reverses Immune-Mediated Alopecia. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312088. [PMID: 38638030 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Disorders in the regulatory arm of the adaptive immune system result in autoimmune-mediated diseases. While systemic immunosuppression is the prevailing approach to manage them, it fails to achieve long-lasting remission due to concomitant suppression of the regulatory arm and carries the risk of heightened susceptibility to infections and malignancies. Alopecia areata is a condition characterized by localized hair loss due to autoimmunity. The accessibility of the skin allows local rather than systemic intervention to avoid broad immunosuppression. It is hypothesized that the expansion of endogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) at the site of antigen encounter can restore the immune balance and generate a long-lasting tolerogenic response. A hydrogel microneedle (MN) patch is therefore utilized for delivery of CCL22, a Treg-chemoattractant, and IL-2, a Treg survival factor to amplify them. In an immune-mediated murine model of alopecia, local bolstering of Treg numbers is shown, leading to sustained hair regrowth and attenuation of inflammatory pathways. In a humanized skin transplant mouse model, expansion of Tregs within human skin is confirmed without engendering peripheral immunosuppression. The patch offers high-loading capacity and shelf-life stability for prospective clinical translation. By harmonizing immune responses locally, the aim is to reshape the landscape of autoimmune skin disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Younis
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Núria Puigmal
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Abdallah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Andrew Badaoui
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claudia Morales-Garay
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anis Saad
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane Cruz
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nadim Al Rahy
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Daccache
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Triana Huerta
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christa Deban
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ahmad Halawi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Choi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pere Dosta
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christine Guo Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jamil R Azzi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Pasanen A, Sliz E, Huilaja L, Reimann E, Mägi R, Laisk T, Tasanen K, Kettunen J. Identifying Atopic Dermatitis Risk Loci in 1,094,060 Individuals with Subanalysis of Disease Severity and Onset. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00285-9. [PMID: 38663478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease highly attributable to genetic factors. In this study, we report results from a genome-wide meta-analysis of AD in 37,541 cases and 1,056,519 controls with data from the FinnGen project, the Estonian Biobank, the UK Biobank, the EAGLE Consortium, and the BioBank Japan. We detected 77 independent AD-associated loci, of which 10 were, to our knowledge, previously unreported. The associated loci showed enrichment in various immune regulatory processes. We further performed subgroup analyses of mild and severe AD and of early- and late-onset AD, with data from the FinnGen project. Fifty-five of the 79 tested variants in the associated loci showed larger effect estimates for severe than for mild AD as determined through administered treatment. The age of onset, as determined by the first hospital visit with AD diagnosis, was lower in patients with particular AD-risk alleles. Our findings add to the knowledge of the genetic background of AD and may underlie the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Pasanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Huilaja
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ene Reimann
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Migayron L, Merhi R, Seneschal J, Boniface K. Resident memory T cells in nonlesional skin and healed lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: Appearances can be deceptive. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:606-614. [PMID: 37995858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells serve as a first line of defense in peripheral tissues to protect the organism against foreign pathogens. However, autoreactive TRM cells are increasingly implicated in autoimmunity, as evidenced in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions. This highlights the need to characterize their phenotype and understand their role for the purpose of targeting them specifically without affecting local immunity. To date, the investigation of TRM cells in human skin diseases has focused mainly on lesional tissues of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that self-reactive TRM cells are still present in clinically healed lesions of patients and play a role in disease flares, but TRM cells also populate skin that is apparently normal. This review discusses the ontogeny of TRM cells in the skin as well as recent insights regarding the presence of self-reactive TRM cells in both clinically healed skin and nonlesional skin of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, with a particular focus on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Migayron
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; R&D Department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - Ribal Merhi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, UMR Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Lee BH, Bang YJ, Lim SH, Kang SJ, Kim SH, Kim-Schulze S, Park CG, Kim HJ, Kim TG. High-dimensional profiling of regulatory T cells in psoriasis reveals an impaired skin-trafficking property. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104985. [PMID: 38306895 PMCID: PMC10847473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a Th17-skewed immune phenotype. Although it has been generally accepted that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lesional psoriatic skin have functional impairment due to the local inflammatory microenvironment, the molecular properties of skin-homing psoriatic Tregs have not been well explored. METHODS We designed an extensive 39 marker mass cytometry (CyTOF) panel to deeply profile the immune landscape of skin-homing Tregs from 31 people with psoriasis stratified by psoriasis area severity index score as mild (n = 15) to moderate-severe (n = 16) and 32 healthy controls. We further validated the findings with an in-vitro chemokine-mediated Treg migration assay, immunofluorescent imaging of normal and psoriatic lesional skin and analysed public single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to expand upon our findings into the local tissue microenvironments. FINDINGS We discovered an overall decrease in CLAhi Tregs and specifically, CLAhiCCR5+ Tregs in psoriasis. Functional markers CD39 and FoxP3 were elevated in psoriatic Tregs. However, CCR7 expression was significantly increased while CCR4 and CLA expression was reduced in psoriatic Tregs and CLAhi Tregs, which was associated with disease severity. Moreover, psoriatic Tregs revealed increased migratory capacity towards CCR7's ligands, CCL19/CCL21. Interrogation of public single-cell RNA sequencing data confirmed reduced expression of skin-trafficking markers in lesional-skin Tregs compared to non-lesioned skin, further substantiated by immunofluorescent staining. INTERPRETATION Psoriatic circulating Tregs showed an impaired skin-trafficking phenotype thus leading to insufficient suppression of ongoing inflammation in the lesional skin, expanding upon our current understanding of the impairment of Treg-mediated immunosuppression in psoriasis. FUNDING This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology (2020R1C1C1014513, 2021R1A4A5032185, 2020R1F1A1073692); and the new faculty research seed money grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine for 2021 (2021-32-0033).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hyohyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoon Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Genome Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zheremyan EA, Ustiugova AS, Karamushka NM, Uvarova AN, Stasevich EM, Bogolyubova AV, Kuprash DV, Korneev KV. Breg-Mediated Immunoregulation in the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:583. [PMID: 38203754 PMCID: PMC10778726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving a coordinated series of events aimed at restoring tissue integrity and function. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B lymphocytes that play an essential role in fine-tuning immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that Bregs are important players in cutaneous immunity. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of Bregs in skin immunity in health and pathology, such as diabetes, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, cutaneous hypersensitivity, pemphigus, and dermatomyositis. We discuss the mechanisms by which Bregs maintain tissue homeostasis in the wound microenvironment through the promotion of angiogenesis, suppression of effector cells, and induction of regulatory immune cells. We also mention the potential clinical applications of Bregs in promoting wound healing, such as the use of adoptive Breg transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Zheremyan
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Ustiugova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina M. Karamushka
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aksinya N. Uvarova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Stasevich
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry V. Kuprash
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Korneev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Biyashev D, Siwicka ZE, Onay UV, Demczuk M, Xu D, Ernst MK, Evans ST, Nguyen CV, Son FA, Paul NK, McCallum NC, Farha OK, Miller SD, Gianneschi NC, Lu KQ. Topical application of synthetic melanin promotes tissue repair. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:61. [PMID: 37919305 PMCID: PMC10622536 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In acute skin injury, healing is impaired by the excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melanin, an efficient scavenger of radical species in the skin, performs a key role in ROS scavenging in response to UV radiation and is upregulated in response to toxic insult. In a chemical injury model in mice, we demonstrate that the topical application of synthetic melanin particles (SMPs) significantly decreases edema, reduces eschar detachment time, and increases the rate of wound area reduction compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, these results were replicated in a UV-injury model. Immune array analysis shows downregulated gene expression in apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways consistent with histological reduction in apoptosis. Mechanistically, synthetic melanin intervention increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreases Mmp9 expression, and suppresses ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed that the application of SMPs caused increased populations of anti-inflammatory immune cells to accumulate in the skin, mirroring their decrease from splenic populations. To enhance antioxidant capacity, an engineered biomimetic High Surface Area SMP was deployed, exhibiting increased wound healing efficiency. Finally, in human skin explants, SMP intervention significantly decreased the damage caused by chemical injury. Therefore, SMPs are promising and effective candidates as topical therapies for accelerated wound healing, including via pathways validated in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Biyashev
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zofia E Siwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ummiye V Onay
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Demczuk
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madison K Ernst
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Spencer T Evans
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cuong V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florencia A Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Navjit K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Naneki C McCallum
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca, USA.
| | - Kurt Q Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Knoedler S, Knoedler L, Kauke-Navarro M, Rinkevich Y, Hundeshagen G, Harhaus L, Kneser U, Pomahac B, Orgill DP, Panayi AC. Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:49. [PMID: 37867188 PMCID: PMC10591349 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the body's integumentary system, the skin is vulnerable to injuries. The subsequent wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality. To this end, multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue. Such temporally- and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. A comprehensive understanding of Tregs' multifaceted field of activity may help decipher wound pathologies and, ultimately, establish new treatment modalities. Herein, we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound repair. Further, we discuss how Tregs operate during fibrosis, keloidosis, and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany.
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8
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Ouhaddi Y, Dalisson B, Rastinfard A, Gilardino M, Watters K, Job D, Azizi-Mehr P, Merle G, Lasagabaster AV, Barralet J. Necrosis reduction efficacy of subdermal biomaterial mediated oxygen delivery in ischemic skin flaps. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213519. [PMID: 37392519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate tissue blood supply as may be found in a wound or a poorly vascularised graft, can result in tissue ischemia and necrosis. As revascularization is a slow process relative to the proliferation of bacteria and the onset of tissue necrosis, extensive tissue damage and loss can occur before healing is underway. Necrosis can develop rapidly, and treatment options are limited such that loss of tissue following necrosis onset is considered unavoidable and irreversible. Oxygen delivery from biomaterials exploiting aqueous decomposition of peroxy-compounds has shown some potential in overcoming the supply limitations by creating oxygen concentration gradients higher than can be attained physiologically or by air saturated solutions. We sought to test whether subdermal oxygen delivery from a material composite that was buffered and contained a catalyst, to reduce hydrogen peroxide release, could ameliorate necrosis in a 9 × 2 cm flap in a rat model that reliably underwent 40 % necrosis if untreated. Blood flow in this flap reduced from near normal to essentially zero, along its 9 cm length and subdermal perforator vessel anastomosis was physically prevented by placement of a polymer sheet. In the middle, low blood flow region of the flap, treatment significantly reduced necrosis based on measurements from photographs and histological micrographs. No change was observed in blood vessel density but significant differences in HIF1-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and liver arginase were observed with oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Dalisson
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Arghavan Rastinfard
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Division of Pastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Kevin Watters
- Department of Pathology, Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dario Job
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Parsa Azizi-Mehr
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Arturo Vela Lasagabaster
- Division of Pastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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9
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Norman MU, Chow Z, Hall P, Le AC, O'Sullivan KM, Snelgrove SL, Deane JA, Hickey MJ. CD103 Regulates Dermal Regulatory T Cell Motility and Interactions with CD11c-Expressing Leukocytes to Control Skin Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:551-562. [PMID: 37341508 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Dermal regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintenance of skin homeostasis and control of skin inflammatory responses. In mice, Tregs in the skin are characterized by high expression of CD103, the αE integrin. Evidence indicates that CD103 promotes Treg retention within the skin, although the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. The main ligand of CD103, E-cadherin, is predominantly expressed by cells in the epidermis. However, because Tregs are predominantly located within the dermis, the nature of the interactions between E-cadherin and CD103-expressing Tregs is unclear. In this study, we used multiphoton intravital microscopy to examine the contribution of CD103 to Treg behavior in resting and inflamed skin of mice undergoing oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity. Inhibition of CD103 in uninflamed skin did not alter Treg behavior, whereas 48 h after inducing contact hypersensitivity by oxazolone challenge, CD103 inhibition increased Treg migration. This coincided with E-cadherin upregulation on infiltrating myeloid leukocytes in the dermis. Using CD11c-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) × Foxp3-GFP dual-reporter mice, inhibition of CD103 was found to reduce Treg interactions with dermal dendritic cells. CD103 inhibition also resulted in increased recruitment of effector CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ expression in challenged skin and resulted in reduced glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein expression on Tregs. These results demonstrate that CD103 controls intradermal Treg migration, but only at later stages in the inflammatory response, when E-cadherin expression in the dermis is increased, and provide evidence that CD103-mediated interactions between Tregs and dermal dendritic cells support regulation of skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ursula Norman
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zachary Chow
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Cao Le
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim M O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Sivasami P, Elkins C, Diaz-Saldana PP, Goss K, Peng A, Hamersky M, Bae J, Xu M, Pollack BP, Horwitz EM, Scharer CD, Seldin L, Li C. Obesity-induced dysregulation of skin-resident PPARγ + Treg cells promotes IL-17A-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Immunity 2023; 56:1844-1861.e6. [PMID: 37478855 PMCID: PMC10527179 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for psoriasis, but how obesity disrupts the regulatory mechanisms that keep skin inflammation in check is unclear. Here, we found that skin was enriched with a unique population of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ drove a distinctive transcriptional program and functional suppression of IL-17A+ γδ T cell-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Diet-induced obesity, however, resulted in a reduction of PPARγ+ skin Treg cells and a corresponding loss of control over IL-17A+ γδ T cell-mediated inflammation. Mechanistically, PPARγ+ skin Treg cells preferentially took up elevated levels of long-chain free fatty acids in obese mice, which led to cellular lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of these PPARγ+ skin Treg cells could have therapeutic potential for obesity-associated inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cody Elkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pamela P Diaz-Saldana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kyndal Goss
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amy Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Hamersky
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Miaoer Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey Seldin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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11
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Xu Z, Dong M, Yin S, Dong J, Zhang M, Tian R, Min W, Zeng L, Qiao H, Chen J. Why traditional herbal medicine promotes wound healing: Research from immune response, wound microbiome to controlled delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114764. [PMID: 36841332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in chronic wounds has been a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers for decades. Traditional herbal medicine (THM) has a long history of promoting wound healing, making them culturally accepted and trusted by a great number of people in the world. However, for a long time, the understanding of herbal medicine has been limited and incomplete, particularly in the allopathic medicine-dominated research system. The therapeutic effects of individual components isolated from THM are found less pronounced compared to synthetic chemical medicine, and the clinical efficacy is always inferior to herbs. In the present article, we review and discuss underlying mechanisms of the skin microbiome involved in the wound healing process; THM in regulating immune responses and commensal microbiome. We additionally propose few pioneer ideas and studies in the development of therapeutic strategies for controlled delivery of herbal medicine. This review aims to promote wound care with a focus on wound microbiome, immune response, and topical drug delivery systems. Finally, future development trends, challenges, and research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mei Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaoping Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wen Min
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Department of Bone Injury of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Li Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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12
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Klaus T, Wilson AS, Vicari E, Hadaschik E, Klein M, Helbich SSC, Kamenjarin N, Hodapp K, Schunke J, Haist M, Butsch F, Probst HC, Enk AH, Mahnke K, Waisman A, Bednarczyk M, Bros M, Bopp T, Grabbe S. Impaired Treg-DC interactions contribute to autoimmunity in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162580. [PMID: 36346673 PMCID: PMC9869970 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) is a rare disease resulting from mutations in the gene encoding for the common β-chain of the β2-integrin family (CD18). The most prominent clinical symptoms are profound leukocytosis and high susceptibility to infections. Patients with LAD-1 are prone to develop autoimmune diseases, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms that result in coexisting immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are still unresolved. CD4+FOXP3+ Treg are known for their essential role in preventing autoimmunity. To understand the role of Treg in LAD-1 development and manifestation of autoimmunity, we generated mice specifically lacking CD18 on Treg (CD18Foxp3), resulting in defective LFA-1 expression. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role of LFA-1 on Treg to maintain immune homeostasis by modifying T cell-DC interactions and CD4+ T cell activation. Treg-specific CD18 deletion did not impair Treg migration into extralymphatic organs, but it resulted in shorter interactions of Treg with DC. In vivo, CD18Foxp3 mice developed spontaneous hyperplasia in lymphatic organs and diffuse inflammation of the skin and in multiple internal organs. Thus, LFA-1 on Treg is required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Klaus
- Department of Dermatology,,Research Center for Immunotherapy, and
| | - Alicia S. Wilson
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vicari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Kamenjarin
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Hodapp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Schunke
- Department of Dermatology,,Research Center for Immunotherapy, and
| | - Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology,,Research Center for Immunotherapy, and
| | | | - Hans Christian Probst
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology,,Research Center for Immunotherapy, and
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, and,Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology,,Research Center for Immunotherapy, and
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13
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Niebergall-Roth E, Frank NY, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Skin-Derived ABCB5 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells for High-Medical-Need Inflammatory Diseases: From Discovery to Entering Clinical Routine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 36613507 PMCID: PMC9820160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette superfamily member ABCB5 identifies a subset of skin-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that exhibit potent immunomodulatory and wound healing-promoting capacities along with superior homing ability. The ABCB5+ MSCs can be easily accessed from discarded skin samples, expanded, and delivered as a highly homogenous medicinal product with standardized potency. A range of preclinical studies has suggested therapeutic efficacy of ABCB5+ MSCs in a variety of currently uncurable skin and non-skin inflammatory diseases, which has been substantiated thus far by distinct clinical trials in chronic skin wounds or recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs have the potential to provide a breakthrough at the forefront of MSC-based therapies striving to fulfill current unmet medical needs. The most recent milestones in this regard are the approval of a phase III pivotal trial of ABCB5+ MSCs for treatment of recessive dystrophic and junctional epidermolysis bullosa by the US Food and Drug Administration, and national market access of ABCB5+ MSCs (AMESANAR®) for therapy-refractory chronic venous ulcers under the national hospital exemption pathway in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Y. Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H. Frank
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Mark A. Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Hajam EY, Panikulam P, Chu CC, Jayaprakash H, Majumdar A, Jamora C. The expanding impact of T-regs in the skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983700. [PMID: 36189219 PMCID: PMC9521603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the interface between the body and the environment, the skin functions as the physical barrier against external pathogens and toxic agents. In addition, the skin is an immunologically active organ with a plethora of resident adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as effector molecules that provide another layer of protection in the form of an immune barrier. A major subpopulation of these immune cells are the Foxp3 expressing CD4 T cells or regulatory T cells (T-regs). The canonical function of T-regs is to keep other immune cells in check during homeostasis or to dissipate a robust inflammatory response following pathogen clearance or wound healing. Interestingly, recent data has uncovered unconventional roles that vary between different tissues and we will highlight the emerging non-lymphoid functions of cutaneous T-regs. In light of the novel functions of other immune cells that are routinely being discovered in the skin, their regulation by T-regs implies that T-regs have executive control over a broad swath of biological activities in both homeostasis and disease. The blossoming list of non-inflammatory functions, whether direct or indirect, suggests that the role of T-regs in a regenerative organ such as the skin will be a field ripe for discovery for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edries Yousaf Hajam
- IFOM ETS- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA) University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patricia Panikulam
- IFOM ETS- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Haarshadri Jayaprakash
- IFOM ETS- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Colin Jamora
- IFOM ETS- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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15
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Schilrreff P, Alexiev U. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Skin Wounds and Promising Natural Bioactive Compounds Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094928. [PMID: 35563319 PMCID: PMC9104327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of chronic wounds and is tightly coupled to immune regulation. The dysregulation of the immune system leads to continuing inflammation and impaired wound healing and, subsequently, to chronic skin wounds. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system, the involvement of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, the complication of bacterial infections in chronic wound healing, and the still-underexplored potential of natural bioactive compounds in wound treatment. We focus on natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities and their mechanisms of action, as well as on recent wound treatments and therapeutic advancements capitalizing on nanotechnology or new biomaterial platforms.
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16
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Lu QK, Fan C, Xiang CG, Wu B, Lu HM, Feng CL, Yang XQ, Li H, Tang W. Inhibition of PDE4 by apremilast attenuates skin fibrosis through directly suppressing activation of M1 and T cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:376-386. [PMID: 33850274 PMCID: PMC8791980 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a life-threatening chronic connective tissue disease with the characteristics of skin fibrosis, vascular injury, and inflammatory infiltrations. Though inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been turned out to be an effective strategy in suppressing inflammation through promoting the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), little is known about the functional modes of inhibiting PDE4 by apremilast on the process of SSc. The present research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of apremilast on SSc. Herein, we found that apremilast could markedly ameliorate the pathological manifestations of SSc, including skin dermal thickness, deposition of collagens, and increased expression of α-SMA. Further study demonstrated that apremilast suppressed the recruitment and activation of macrophages and T cells, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which accounted for the effects of apremilast on modulating the pro-fibrotic processes. Interestingly, apremilast could dose-dependently inhibit the activation of M1 and T cells in vitro through promoting the phosphorylation of CREB. In summary, our research suggested that inhibiting PDE4 by apremilast might provide a novel therapeutic option for clinical treatment of SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-kai Lu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chen Fan
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Cai-gui Xiang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Bing Wu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hui-min Lu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chun-lan Feng
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xiao-qian Yang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Heng Li
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Tang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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17
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Hemrajani C, Negi P, Parashar A, Gupta G, Jha NK, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Overcoming drug delivery barriers and challenges in topical therapy of atopic dermatitis: A nanotechnological perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112633. [PMID: 35030434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disorder centered around loss of epidermal barrier function, and T helper 2 (Th2) immune responses. The current understanding of disease heterogeneity and complexity, limits the rational use of existing topical, systemic therapeutic agents, but paves way for development of advanced therapeutic agents. Additionally, advanced nanocarriers that deliver therapeutics to target cells, seem to offer a promising strategy, to overcome intrinsic limitations and challenges of conventional, and traditional drug delivery systems. Ever-evolving understanding of molecular target sites and complex pathophysiology, adverse effects of current therapeutic options, inefficient disease recapitulation by existing animal models are some of the challenges that we face. Also, despite limited success in market translatibility, nanocarriers have demonstrated excellent preclinical results and have been extensively studied for AD. Detailed research on behavior of nanocarriers in different patients and tailored therapy to account for phenotypic variability of the disease are the new research avenues that we look forward to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Hemrajani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173212, India.
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173212, India.
| | - Arun Parashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173212, India.
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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18
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Cassidy MF, Herbert ZT, Moulton VR. Splicing factor SRSF1 controls distinct molecular programs in regulatory and effector T cells implicated in systemic autoimmune disease. Mol Immunol 2022; 141:94-103. [PMID: 34839165 PMCID: PMC10797198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by hyperactive effector T cells (Teffs), aberrant cytokines and chemokines, and dysfunctional regulatory T cells (Tregs). We previously uncovered new roles for serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) in the control of genes involved in T cell signaling and cytokine production in human T cells. SRSF1 levels are decreased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and low levels correlate with severe disease. Moreover, T cell-conditional Srsf1-deficient mice recapitulate the autoimmune phenotype, exhibiting CD4 T cell hyperactivity, dysfunctional Tregs, systemic autoimmunity, and tissue inflammation. However, the role of SRSF1 in controlling molecular programs in Teffs and Tregs and how these pathways are implicated in autoimmunity is not known. Here, by comparative bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrate that SRSF1 controls largely distinct gene programs in Tregs and Teffs in vivo. SRSF1 regulates 189 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) unique to Tregs, 582 DEGs unique to Teffs, and 29 DEGs shared between both. Shared genes included IL-17A, IL-17F, CSF1, CXCL10, and CXCR4, and were highly enriched for inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. SRSF1 controls distinct pathways in Tregs, which include chemokine signaling and immune cell differentiation, compared with pathways in Teffs, which include cytokine production, T cell homeostasis, and activation. We identified putative mRNA binding targets of SRSF1 which include CSF1, CXCL10, and IL-17F. Finally, comparisons with transcriptomics profiles from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice reveal that SRSF1 controls genes and pathways implicated in autoimmune disease. The target genes of SRSF1 and putative binding targets we discovered, have known roles in systemic autoimmunity. Our findings suggest that SRSF1 controls distinct molecular pathways in Tregs and Teffs and aberrant SRSF1 levels may contribute to their dysfunction and immunopathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Cassidy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Johnson RL, Cummings M, Thangavelu A, Theophilou G, de Jong D, Orsi NM. Barriers to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Metabolic, Genomic, and Immune Perturbations in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6231. [PMID: 34944851 PMCID: PMC8699358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of explicit early clinical signs and effective screening measures mean that ovarian cancer (OC) often presents as advanced, incurable disease. While conventional treatment combines maximal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients frequently develop chemoresistance and disease recurrence. The clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) aims to restore anti-cancer T-cell function in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Disappointingly, even though tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with superior survival in OC, ICB has offered limited therapeutic benefits. Herein, we discuss specific TME features that prevent ICB from reaching its full potential, focussing in particular on the challenges created by immune, genomic and metabolic alterations. We explore both recent and current therapeutic strategies aiming to overcome these hurdles, including the synergistic effect of combination treatments with immune-based strategies and review the status quo of current clinical trials aiming to maximise the success of immunotherapy in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Louise Johnson
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Michele Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.C.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Amudha Thangavelu
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Georgios Theophilou
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Diederick de Jong
- Department Gynaecological Oncology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (A.T.); (G.T.); (D.d.J.)
| | - Nicolas Michel Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.C.); (N.M.O.)
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Repeated α-GalCer Administration Induces a Type 2 Cytokine-Biased iNKT Cell Response and Exacerbates Atopic Skin Inflammation in Vα14 Tg NC/Nga Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111619. [PMID: 34829848 PMCID: PMC8615984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Vα14 TCR Tg (Vα14Tg) NC/Nga (NC) mice contain increased numbers of double-negative (DN) invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells that protect against spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis (AD). iNKT cells can regulate immune responses by producing various cytokines such as IFNγ and IL4 rapidly upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a prototypical iNKT cell agonist. However, the precise role of α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells in AD development remains unclear. Therefore, we examined whether repeated activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer can regulate the pathogenesis of AD in Vα14Tg NC mice. We found that Vα14Tg NC mice injected repeatedly with α-GalCer display exacerbated AD symptoms (e.g., a higher clinical score, IgE hyperproduction, and increased numbers of splenic mast cells and neutrophils) compared with vehicle-injected Vα14Tg NC mice. Moreover, the severity of AD pathogenesis in α-GalCer-injected Vα14Tg NC mice correlated with increased Th2 cells but reduced Th1 and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Furthermore, the resulting alterations in the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th2 balance were strongly associated with a biased expansion of type 2 cytokine-deviated iNKT cells in α-GalCer-treated Vα14Tg NC mice. Collectively, our results have demonstrated the adverse effect of repeated α-GalCer treatment on skin inflammation mediated by type 2 immunity.
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21
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Sjaastad LE, Owen DL, Tracy SI, Farrar MA. Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715901. [PMID: 34631704 PMCID: PMC8495164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that a subset of T cells exists that specifically suppresses immune responses was originally proposed over 50 years ago. It then took the next 30 years to solidify the concept of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the paradigm we understand today - namely a subset of CD4+ FOXP3+ T-cells that are critical for controlling immune responses to self and commensal or environmental antigens that also play key roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and repair. Expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is a defining feature of Tregs, while the cytokine IL2 is necessary for robust Treg development and function. While our initial conception of Tregs was as a monomorphic lineage required to suppress all types of immune responses, recent work has demonstrated extensive phenotypic and functional diversity within the Treg population. In this review we address the ontogeny, phenotype, and function of the large number of distinct effector Treg subsets that have been defined over the last 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E. Sjaastad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David L. Owen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean I. Tracy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael A. Farrar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Singh RP, Bischoff DS, Hahn BH. CD8 + T regulatory cells in lupus. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:147-156. [PMID: 35880241 PMCID: PMC9242525 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) have a key role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the regulation of immune tolerance by preventing the inflammation and suppressing the autoimmune responses. Numerical and functional deficits of these cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and mouse models of SLE, where their imbalance and dysregulated activities have been reported to significantly influence the disease pathogenesis, progression and outcomes. Most studies in SLE have focused on CD4+ Tregs and it has become clear that a critical role in the control of immune tolerance after the breakdown of self-tolerance is provided by CD8+ Tregs. Here we review the role, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and mechanisms of action of CD8+ Tregs in SLE, including ways to induce these cells for immunotherapeutic modulation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P. Singh
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David S. Bischoff
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bevra H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The Defect in Regulatory T Cells in Psoriasis and Therapeutic Approaches. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173880. [PMID: 34501328 PMCID: PMC8432197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by accelerated tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis. Patients with psoriasis manifest functional defects in CD4+CD25+ forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress the excess immune response and mediate homeostasis. Defects in Tregs contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may attribute to enhanced inhibition and/or impaired stimulation of Tregs. IL-23 induces the conversion of Tregs into type 17 helper T (Th17) cells. IL-17A reduces transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production, Foxp3 expression, and suppresses Treg activity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate, propionate, and acetate are microbiota-derived fermentation products that promote Treg development and function by inducing Foxp3 expression or inducing dendritic cells or intestinal epithelial cells to produce retinoic acids or TGF-β1, respectively. The gut microbiome of patients with psoriasis revealed reduced SCFA-producing bacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Faecallibacterium, which may contribute to the defect in Tregs. Therapeutic agents currently used, viz., anti-IL-23p19 or anti-IL-17A antibodies, retinoids, vitamin D3, dimethyl fumarate, narrow-band ultraviolet B, or those under development for psoriasis, viz., signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitors, butyrate, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and probiotics/prebiotics restore the defected Tregs. Thus, restoration of Tregs is a promising therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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24
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Moreau JM, Gouirand V, Rosenblum MD. T-Cell Adhesion in Healthy and Inflamed Skin. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100014. [PMID: 35024681 PMCID: PMC8669513 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse populations of tissue-resident and transitory T cells present in the skin share a common functional need to enter, traverse, and interact with their environment. These processes are largely dependent on the regulated expression of adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, which mediate bidirectional interactions between immune cells and skin stroma. Dysregulation and engagement of adhesion pathways contribute to ectopic T-cell activity in tissues, leading to the initiation and/or exacerbation of chronic inflammation. In this paper, we review how the molecular interactions supported by adhesion pathways contribute to T-cell dynamics and function in the skin. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning T-cell adhesion in inflammatory skin disorders will facilitate the development of novel tissue-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- BM, basement membrane
- DC, dendritic cell
- DETC, dendritic epidermal γδ T cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HF, hair follicle
- JC, John Cunningham
- LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Th, T helper
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Trm, tissue-resident memory
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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25
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Dubin C, Glickman JW, Del Duca E, Chennareddy S, Han J, Dahabreh D, Estrada YD, Zhang N, Kimmel GW, Singer G, Chowdhury M, Zheng AY, Angelov M, Gay-Mimbrera J, Ruano Ruiz J, Krueger JG, Pavel AB, Guttman-Yassky E. Scalp and serum profiling of frontal fibrosing alopecia reveals scalp immune and fibrosis dysregulation with no systemic involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:551-562. [PMID: 34044102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive, scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal scalp that poses a substantial burden on quality of life. Large-scale global profiling of FFA is lacking, preventing the development of effective therapeutics. OBJECTIVE To characterize FFA compared to normal and alopecia areata using broad molecular profiling and to identify biomarkers linked to disease severity. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed 33,118 genes in scalp using RNA sequencing and 350 proteins in serum using OLINK high-throughput proteomics. Disease biomarkers were also correlated with clinical severity and a fibrosis gene set. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed in lesional FFA included markers related to Th1 (IFNγ/CXCL9/CXCL10), T-cell activation (CD2/CD3/CCL19/ICOS), fibrosis (CXCR3/FGF14/FGF22/VIM/FN1), T-regulatory (FOXP3/TGFB1/TGFB3), and Janus kinase/JAK (JAK3/STAT1/STAT4) (Fold changes [FCH]>1.5, FDR<.05 for all). Only one protein, ADM, was differentially expressed in FFA serum compared to normal (FCH>1.3, FDR<.05). Significant correlations were found between scalp biomarkers (IL-36RN/IL-25) and FFA severity, as well as between JAK/STAT and fibrosis gene-sets (r>.6; P <.05). LIMITATIONS This study was limited by a small sample size and predominantly female FFA patients. CONCLUSION Our data characterize FFA as an inflammatory condition limited to scalp, involving Th1/JAK skewing, with associated fibrosis and elevated T-regulatory markers, suggesting the potential for disease reversibility with JAK/STAT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Dubin
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jacob W Glickman
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sumanth Chennareddy
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Han
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dante Dahabreh
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Grace W Kimmel
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Giselle Singer
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mashkura Chowdhury
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Y Zheng
- Macaulay Honors College at City University of New York (CUNY) Hunter College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Angelov
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jesús Gay-Mimbrera
- Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Research Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Ruano Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi.
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
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26
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Raziyeva K, Kim Y, Zharkinbekov Z, Kassymbek K, Jimi S, Saparov A. Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:700. [PMID: 34066746 PMCID: PMC8150999 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds greatly affect the global healthcare system, creating a substantial burden on the economy and society. Moreover, the situation is exacerbated by low healing rates, which in fact are overestimated in reports. Cutaneous wounds are generally classified into acute and chronic. The immune response plays an important role during acute wound healing. The activation of immune cells and factors initiate the inflammatory process, facilitate wound cleansing and promote subsequent tissue healing. However, dysregulation of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, which ultimately result in chronic wounds. The microenvironment of a chronic wound is characterized by high quantities of pro-inflammatory macrophages, overexpression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases and abundance of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, chronic wounds are frequently complicated by bacterial biofilms, which perpetuate the inflammatory phase. Continuous inflammation and microbial biofilms make it very difficult for the chronic wounds to heal. In this review, we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic wounds. Furthermore, we review the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying macrophage phenotype, regulating miRNA expression and targeting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Raziyeva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.R.); (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Yevgeniy Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.R.); (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.R.); (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Kuat Kassymbek
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.R.); (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Shiro Jimi
- Central Lab for Pathology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.R.); (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (K.K.)
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Rindler K, Krausgruber T, Thaler FM, Alkon N, Bangert C, Kurz H, Fortelny N, Rojahn TB, Jonak C, Griss J, Bock C, Brunner PM. Spontaneously Resolved Atopic Dermatitis Shows Melanocyte and Immune Cell Activation Distinct From Healthy Control Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630892. [PMID: 33717163 PMCID: PMC7943477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) typically starts in infancy or early childhood, showing spontaneous remission in a subset of patients, while others develop lifelong disease. Despite an increased understanding of AD, factors guiding its natural course are only insufficiently elucidated. We thus performed suction blistering in skin of adult patients with stable, spontaneous remission from previous moderate-to-severe AD during childhood. Samples were compared to healthy controls without personal or familial history of atopy, and to chronic, active AD lesions. Skin cells and tissue fluid obtained were used for single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomic multiplex assays, respectively. We found overall cell composition and proteomic profiles of spontaneously healed AD to be comparable to healthy control skin, without upregulation of typical AD activity markers (e.g., IL13, S100As, and KRT16). Among all cell types in spontaneously healed AD, melanocytes harbored the largest numbers of differentially expressed genes in comparison to healthy controls, with upregulation of potentially anti-inflammatory markers such as PLA2G7. Conventional T-cells also showed increases in regulatory markers, and a general skewing toward a more Th1-like phenotype. By contrast, gene expression of regulatory T-cells and keratinocytes was essentially indistinguishable from healthy skin. Melanocytes and conventional T-cells might thus contribute a specific regulatory milieu in spontaneously healed AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix M. Thaler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas B. Rojahn
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M. Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Hegde A, Ananthan ASHP, Kashyap C, Ghosh S. Wound Healing by Keratinocytes: A Cytoskeletal Perspective. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Huo J, Liu T, Li F, Song X, Hou X. MicroRNA‑21‑5p protects melanocytes via targeting STAT3 and modulating Treg/Teff balance to alleviate vitiligo. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:51. [PMID: 33200798 PMCID: PMC7716409 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo (VIT) is caused by loss and degradation of functional epidermal melanocytes. Studies have indicated that melanocyte destruction may be associated with an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and effector T cells (Teff cells). The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism through which Treg/Teff balance affects VIT pathogenesis. To explore this, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with VIT and healthy individuals. The present study revealed that the proportions of CD4+ T cells, Treg cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells were decreased in patients with VIT, but those of Teff cells (Th17 and Th22 cells) were increased; additionally, Foxp3 expression was decreased, but the expression levels of interferon‑γ, interleukin (IL)‑17A and IL‑22 were increased. Furthermore, in patients with VIT, microRNA (miR)‑21‑5p expression was decreased, while that of STAT3 was increased. Further in vitro experiments in CD4+ T cells revealed that STAT3 was targeted by miR‑21‑5p. Functional analysis further indicated that miR‑21‑5p overexpression in Th17‑polarized CD4+ T cells decreased the proportion of Teff cells and associated cytokines, such as IL‑17A and IL‑22, but increased the proportion of Treg cells and Foxp3. However, the effects of miR‑21‑5p overexpression were partly reversed by STAT3 overexpression. Increased apoptosis of melanocytes was detected after co‑culture with Th17‑polarized CD4+ T cells in the presence of a miR‑21‑5p mimic. However, this indirect effect of the miR‑21‑5p mimic on melanocytes was decreased via STAT3 overexpression. Therefore, miR‑21‑5p may protect melanocytes via targeting STAT3 and regulating Treg/Teff balance. The current findings may provide a possible treatment method for managing VIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huo
- Department of Dermatology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Taibin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- Pathology Laboratory, Dezhou College, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
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30
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Bilbao A, Pérez-Garay R, Rius I, Irurzun A, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Astarloa-Pando G, Borrego F, Zenarruzabeitia O. Increased Frequency of CTLA-4 and PD-1 Expressing Regulatory T Cells and Basophils With an Activating Profile in Infants With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Hypersensitized to Food Allergens. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:734645. [PMID: 34912758 PMCID: PMC8667617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.734645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infants with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) may be sensitized to foods that have not been introduced into their diet, posing a risk for developing an immediate hypersensitivity reaction on the first exposure to the food to which they are sensitized. The aim of this work was to perform an analysis of the sensitization profile in infants with moderate-to-severe AD and to identify cellular and molecular markers for food allergy (FA). Methods: Blood samples from healthy donors and children with moderate-to-severe AD were studied. Specific IgE to several allergens were determined using ImmunoCAP FEIA system and ISAC technology. Furthermore, using flow cytometry-based studies, basophils and regulatory T (Treg) cells were phenotypically characterized. Results: 90% of children with AD were sensitized to food antigens before introducing them into the diet, and 100% developed FA. Phenotypic analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of CTLA-4 and PD-1 expressing Treg cells in AD patients than in healthy controls. Basophils from patients exhibited a marked reduction in the expression of CD300a, higher expression of FcεRI and CXCR4, and to some extent higher expression of CD63 and CD300c. Conclusions: Infants with moderate-to-severe AD are at high risk of being sensitized to food allergens. Therefore, to avoid allergic reactions, broad-spectrum sensitization studies are necessary before introducing complementary diet. Increased expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 suggests greater suppressive potential of Treg cells in infants with AD than healthy controls. Furthermore, our results suggest a role for CD300 molecules on circulating basophils as possible biomarkers for FA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agurtzane Bilbao
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Garay
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Analysis Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Idoia Rius
- Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Alex Irurzun
- Pediatrics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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31
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Aung WW, Wang C, Xibei J, Horii M, Mizumaki K, Kano M, Okamura A, Kobayashi T, Matsushita T. Immunomodulating role of the JAKs inhibitor tofacitinib in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:174-184. [PMID: 33451905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) was hyperactivated in biopsies from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in several autoimmune disease models. Tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, blocks the downstream signaling of multiple cytokines and has exhibited therapeutic efficacy in various autoimmune diseases, although its immunomodulating property in scleroderma is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of tofacitinib on the modulation of cytokine-producing T and B cells, and proinflammatory cells in a mouse model of SSc. METHODS Bleomycin (BLM)-induced SSc was generated by intradermal injection of BLM or PBS for control. Mice received intraperitoneal tofacitinib (20 mg/kg) or vehicle 3 times per week from day 0-28. Mice were sacrificed at day 28 after the last BLM/PBS injection. RESULTS Tofacitinib administration significantly alleviated fibrosis of the skin and lungs in scleroderma mouse model. Furthermore, tofacitinib suppressed adaptive and innate immune responses by reducing splenocytes, total lymphocytes, CD4+ T helper cells (especially Th2 and Th17 subtypes), IL-6-producing effector B cells, PDCA-1+ dendritic cells in the spleen, and infiltration of F4/80+, CD206+ and CD163+ macrophages in the skin and lungs. Conversely, tofacitinib increased the proportions of splenic regulatory T and B cells. The mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins and fibrogenic cytokines was downregulated by tofacitinib in both the skin and lungs. CONCLUSION These observations suggest JAK inhibition as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, and highlight the potential of tofacitinib as a promising candidate for treating patients with scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jia Xibei
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kie Mizumaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miyu Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ai Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Plastic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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32
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Mata DA, Lian JW, Krakowski A, Agarwala S, Hafeez F. Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of idiopathic dermal hypersensitivity reaction/urticarial dermatitis: A clinicopathologic study. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:592-595. [PMID: 32979279 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Mata
- Molecular Diagnostics Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John W Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Krakowski
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's University Health System, St. Luke's/Temple School of Medicine, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saira Agarwala
- St. Luke's/Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Farhaan Hafeez
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's University Health System, St. Luke's/Temple School of Medicine, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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Proenkephalin + regulatory T cells expanded by ultraviolet B exposure maintain skin homeostasis with a healing function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20696-20705. [PMID: 32769209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, expressing CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor α chain) and Foxp3 transcription factor, maintain immunological self-tolerance and suppress various immune responses. Here we report a feature of skin Treg cells expanded by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. We found that skin Treg cells possessing a healing function are expanded by UVB exposure with the expression of an endogenous opioid precursor, proenkephalin (PENK). Upon UVB exposure, skin Treg cells were expanded with a unique TCR repertoire. Also, they highly expressed a distinctive set of genes enriched in "wound healing involved in inflammatory responses" and the "neuropeptide signaling pathway," as indicated by the high expression of Penk. We found that not only was PENK expression at the protein level detected in the UVB-expanded skin Treg (UVB-skin Treg) cells, but that a PENK-derived neuropeptide, methionine enkephalin (Met-ENK), from Treg cells promoted the outgrowth of epidermal keratinocytes in an ex vivo skin explant assay. Notably, UVB-skin Treg cells also promoted wound healing in an in vivo wound closure assay. In addition, UVB-skin Treg cells produced amphiregulin (AREG), which plays a key role in Treg-mediated tissue repair. Identification of a unique function of PENK+ UVB-skin Treg cells provides a mechanism for maintaining skin homeostasis.
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34
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Yang J, Yang Y, Ishii M, Nagata M, Aw W, Obana N, Tomita M, Nomura N, Fukuda S. Does the Gut Microbiota Modulate Host Physiology through Polymicrobial Biofilms? Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 32624527 PMCID: PMC7511787 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes inhabit various environments, such as soil, water environments, plants, and animals. Humans harbor a complex commensal microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, which is known as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota participates not only in various metabolic processes in the human body, it also plays a critical role in host immune responses. Gut microbes that inhabit the intestinal epithelial surface form polymicrobial biofilms. In the last decade, it has been widely reported that gut microbial biofilms and gut microbiota-derived products, such as metabolites and bacterial membrane vesicles, not only directly affect the host intestinal environment, but also indirectly influence the health of the host. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings from human and animal studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and hosts, and their associations with various disorders, including inflammatory diseases, atopic dermatitis, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric and neurological diseases. The integrated approach of metabologenomics together with biofilm imaging may provide valuable insights into the gut microbiota and suggest remedies that may lead to a healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yang
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
| | | | - Manami Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
| | - Mayuko Nagata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
| | - Nozomu Obana
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University.,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba.,Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology.,Metabologenomics, Inc
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35
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Liu F, Wang S, Liu B, Wang Y, Tan W. (R)-Salbutamol Improves Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Dermatitis by Regulating the Th17/Tregs Balance and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:E511. [PMID: 32102363 PMCID: PMC7072797 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a skin disease that is characterized by a high degree of inflammation caused by immune dysfunction. (R)-salbutamol is a bronchodilator for asthma and was reported to alleviate immune system reactions in several diseases. In this study, using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse psoriasis-like dermatitis model, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of (R)-salbutamol in psoriasis in vivo, and explored the metabolic pathway involved. The results showed that, compared with IMQ group, (R)-salbutamol treatment significantly ameliorated psoriasis, reversed the suppressive effects of IMQ on differentiation, extreme keratinocyte proliferation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed that (R)-salbutamol markedly reduced the plasma levels of IL-17. Cell analysis using flow cytometry showed that (R)-salbutamol decreased the proportion of CD4+ Th17+ T cells (Th17), whereas it increased the percentage of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleens. (R)-salbutamol also decreased the weight ratio of spleen to body. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics showed that (R)-salbutamol affected three metabolic pathways, including (i) arachidonic acid metabolism, (ii) sphingolipid metabolism, and (iii) glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results demonstrated that (R)-salbutamol can alleviate IMQ-induced psoriasis through regulating Th17/Tregs cell response and glycerophospholipid metabolism. It may provide a new use of (R)-salbutamol in the management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shanping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yukun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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36
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Introduction: Special Issue—Basic and Translational Skin Immunology. Int Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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