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Arunachalam K, Krishnan GP, Sethuraman S, Abraham SVPI, Krishnan ST, Venkateswar A, Arunkumar J, Shi C, MubarakAli D. Exploring Possible Ways to Enhance the Potential and Use of Natural Products through Nanotechnology in the Battle against Biofilms of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36839543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms enable pathogenic bacteria to survive in unfavorable environments. As biofilm-forming pathogens can cause rapid food spoilage and recurrent infections in humans, especially their presence in the food industry is problematic. Using chemical disinfectants in the food industry to prevent biofilm formation raises serious health concerns. Further, the ability of biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens to tolerate disinfection procedures questions the traditional treatment methods. Thus, there is a dire need for alternative treatment options targeting bacterial pathogens, especially biofilms. As clean-label products without carcinogenic and hazardous potential, natural compounds with growth and biofilm-inhibiting and biofilm-eradicating potentials have gained popularity as natural preservatives in the food industry. However, the use of these natural preservatives in the food industry is restricted by their poor availability, stability during food processing and storage. Also there is a lack of standardization, and unattractive organoleptic qualities. Nanotechnology is one way to get around these limitations and as well as the use of underutilized bioactives. The use of nanotechnology has several advantages including traversing the biofilm matrix, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability, bioactivity, and stability. The nanoparticles used in fabricating or encapsulating natural products are considered as an appealing antibiofilm strategy since the nanoparticles enhance the activity of the natural products against biofilms of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Hence, this literature review is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current methods in nanotechnology used for natural products delivery (biofabrication, encapsulation, and nanoemulsion) and also discuss the different promising strategies employed in the recent and past to enhance the inhibition and eradication of foodborne bacterial biofilms.
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Huang R, Zhou Z, Lan X, Tang FK, Cheng T, Sun H, Cham-Fai Leung K, Li X, Jin L. Rapid synthesis of bismuth-organic frameworks as selective antimicrobial materials against microbial biofilms. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100507. [PMID: 36504541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat, and urgent actions should be undertaken for developing alternative antimicrobial strategies and approaches. Notably, bismuth drugs exhibit potent antimicrobial effects on various pathogens and promising efficacy in tackling SARS-CoV-2 and related infections. As such, bismuth-based materials could precisely combat pathogenic bacteria and effectively treat the resultant infections and inflammatory diseases through a controlled release of Bi ions for targeted drug delivery. Currently, it is a great challenge to rapidly and massively manufacture bismuth-based particles, and yet there are no reports on effectively constructing such porous antimicrobial-loaded particles. Herein, we have developed two rapid approaches (i.e., ultrasound-assisted and agitation-free methods) to synthesizing bismuth-based materials with ellipsoid- (Ellipsoids) and rod-like (Rods) morphologies respectively, and fully characterized physicochemical properties. Rods with a porous structure were confirmed as bismuth metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOF) and aligned with the crystalline structure of CAU-17. Importantly, the formation of Rods was a 'two-step' crystallization process of growing almond-flake-like units followed by stacking into the rod-like structure. The size of Bi-MOF was precisely controlled from micro-to nano-scales by varying concentrations of metal ions and their ratio to the ligand. Moreover, both Ellipsoids and Rods showed excellent biocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts and potent antimicrobial effects on the Gram-negative oral pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Both Ellipsoids and Rods at 50 μg/mL could disrupt the bacterial membranes, and particularly eliminate P. gingivalis biofilms. This study demonstrates highly efficient and facile approaches to synthesizing bismuth-based particles. Our work could enrich the administration modalities of metallic drugs for promising antibiotic-free healthcare.
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AlSheikh HMA, Sultan I, Kumar V, Rather IA, Al-Sheikh H, Tasleem Jan A, Haq QMR. Plant-Based Phytochemicals as Possible Alternative to Antibiotics in Combating Bacterial Drug Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E480. [PMID: 32759771 PMCID: PMC7460449 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented use of antibiotics that led to development of resistance affect human health worldwide. Prescription of antibiotics imprudently and irrationally in different diseases progressed with the acquisition and as such development of antibiotic resistant microbes that led to the resurgence of pathogenic strains harboring enhanced armors against existing therapeutics. Compromised the treatment regime of a broad range of antibiotics, rise in resistance has threatened human health and increased the treatment cost of diseases. Diverse on metabolic, genetic and physiological fronts, rapid progression of resistant microbes and the lack of a strategic management plan have led researchers to consider plant-derived substances (PDS) as alternative or in complementing antibiotics against the diseases. Considering the quantitative characteristics of plant constituents that attribute health beneficial effects, analytical procedures for their isolation, characterization and phytochemical testing for elucidating ethnopharmacological effects has being worked out for employment in the treatment of different diseases. With an immense potential to combat bacterial infections, PDSs such as polyphenols, alkaloids and tannins, present a great potential for use, either as antimicrobials or as antibiotic resistance modifiers. The present study focuses on the mechanisms by which PDSs help overcome the surge in resistance, approaches for screening different phytochemicals, methods employed in the identification of bioactive components and their testing and strategies that could be adopted for counteracting the lethal consequences of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mohammed Al AlSheikh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kind Saud University, Riyadh P.O. BOX 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Insha Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah P.O. BOX 80200, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hashem Al-Sheikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
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Tunçer S, Karaçam S. Cell-free supernatant of Streptococcus salivarius M18 impairs the pathogenic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2825-40. [PMID: 32747998 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
M18 strain of Streptococcus salivarius is a bacterial replacement probiotic that has been suggested for use in the oral cavity. Here, we have shown that S. salivarius M18 cell-free supernatant reduced the growth of the two most common human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia and sensitized the pathogenic bacteria to antibiotic. Besides, the supernatant inhibited biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa drastically. For pinpointing the biomolecular changes that occurred in P. aeruginosa incubated with the probiotic supernatant, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used. Unsupervised learning algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and intensity analyses of individual spectral bands exhibited comprehensive alterations in the polysaccharide and lipid contents and compositions of P. aeruginosa cultivated with S. salivarius M18 cell-free supernatant. These results indicate that S. salivarius M18 has the potential for the prevention or alleviation of different pathogen-induced infections along with the infections of oral pathogens.
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Abstract
Biofilms are highly tolerant to antimicrobial agents and adverse environmental conditions being important reservoirs for chronic and hard-to-treat infections. Nanomaterials exhibit microbiostatic/microbicidal/antipathogenic properties and can be also used for the delivery of antibiofilm agents. However, few of the many promising leads offered by nanotechnology reach clinical studies and eventually, become available to clinicians. The aim of this paper was to review the progress and challenges in the development of nanotechnology-based antibiofilm drug-delivery systems. The main identified challenges are: most papers report only in vitro studies of the activity of different nanoformulations; lack of standardization in the methodological approaches; insufficient collaboration between material science specialists and clinicians; paucity of in vivo studies to test efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela G Pircalabioru
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of The University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of The University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
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Shakibaie M, Hajighasemi E, Adeli-Sardou M, Doostmohammadi M, Forootanfar H. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Bi subnitrate and BiNPs produced by Delftia sp. SFG against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:377-381. [PMID: 31171741 PMCID: PMC8676055 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study Delftia sp. Shakibaie, Forootanfar, and Ghazanfari (SFG), was applied for preparation of biogenic Bi nanoparticles (BiNPs) and antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of the purified BiNPs were investigated by microdilution and disc diffusion methods. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the produced nanostructures were spherical with a size range of 40-120 nm. The measured minimum inhibitory concentration of both the Bi subnitrate and BiNPs against three biofilms producing bacterial pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis were found to be above 1280 µg/ml. Addition of BiNPs (1000 µg/disc) to antibiotic discs containing tobramycin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, bacitracin, cefalexin, amoxicillin, and cefixime significantly increased the antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in comparison with Bi subnitrate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the biogenic BiNPs decreased the biofilm formation of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis to 55, 85, and 15%, respectively. In comparison to Bi subnitrate, BiNPs indicated significant anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.05) while the anti-biofilm activity of BiNPs against S. aureus and P. mirabilis was similar to that of Bi subnitrate. To sum up, the attained results showed that combination of biogenic BiNPs with commonly used antibiotics relatively enhanced their antibacterial effects against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elnaz Hajighasemi
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Abstract
The worldwide misuse of antibiotics and the subsequent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have prompted a paradigm shift in the established view of antibiotic and bacterial-human relations. The clinical failures of conventional antibiotic therapies are associated with lengthy detection methods, poor penetration at infection sites, disruption of indigenous microflora and high potential for mutational resistance. One of the most promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antibiotics is to complex them with micro or nano delivery materials. Such materials/vehicles can shield antibiotics from enzyme deactivation, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Alternatively, drug-free nanomaterials that do not kill the pathogen but target virulent factors such as adhesins, toxins, or secretory systems can be used to minimize resistance and infection severity. The main objective of this review is to examine the potential of the aforementioned materials in the detection and treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
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Hathroubi S, Servetas SL, Windham I, Merrell DS, Ottemann KM. Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Formation and Its Potential Role in Pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00001-18. [PMID: 29743338 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00001-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of effort, Helicobacter pylori infections remain difficult to treat. Over half of the world's population is infected by H. pylori, which is a major cause of duodenal and gastric ulcers as well as gastric cancer. During chronic infection, H. pylori localizes within the gastric mucosal layer, including deep within invaginations called glands; thanks to its impressive ability to survive despite the harsh acidic environment, it can persist for the host's lifetime. This ability to survive and persist in the stomach is associated with urease production, chemotactic motility, and the ability to adapt to the fluctuating environment. Additionally, biofilm formation has recently been suggested to play a role in colonization. Biofilms are surface-associated communities of bacteria that are embedded in a hydrated matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms pose a substantial health risk and are key contributors to many chronic and recurrent infections. This link between biofilm-associated bacteria and chronic infections likely results from an increased tolerance to conventional antibiotic treatments as well as immune system action. The role of this biofilm mode in antimicrobial treatment failure and H. pylori survival has yet to be determined. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the H. pylori biofilm structure or the genes associated with this mode of growth. In this review, therefore, we aim to highlight recent findings concerning H. pylori biofilms and the molecular mechanism of their formation. Additionally, we discuss the potential roles of biofilms in the failure of antibiotic treatment and in infection recurrence.
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Hernandez-Delgadillo R, Del Angel-Mosqueda C, Solís-Soto JM, Munguia-Moreno S, Pineda-Aguilar N, Sánchez-Nájera RI, Chellam S, Cabral-Romero C. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of MTA supplemented with bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:503-510. [PMID: 28420830 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) supplemented with bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs). The antimicrobial activity of the composite MTA-BisBAL NPs was determined by the disk diffusion assay, while antibiofilm activity was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of MTA-BisBAL NPs was determined on human gingival fibroblasts by optical microscopy and crystal violet staining. MTA-BisBAL NPs inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans and also detached the biofilm of fluorescent E. faecalis after 24 h of treatment. The addition of BisBAL nanoparticles did not significantly modify the physical properties of MTA, and cytotoxicity was not observed when MTA-BisBAL NPs was added on human gingival fibroblasts. Altogether these results suggest that BisBAL nanoparticles provide antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities to MTA while it retained their biophysical properties without cause side effects on human gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Munguia-Moreno
- Odontological Sciences, School of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi
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Kundukad B, Schussman M, Yang K, Seviour T, Yang L, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S, Doyle PS. Mechanistic action of weak acid drugs on biofilms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4783. [PMID: 28684849 PMCID: PMC5500524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective permeability of a biofilm matrix to some drugs has resulted in the development of drug tolerant bacteria. Here we studied the efficacy of a weak organic acid drug, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), on the eradication of biofilms formed by the mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated the commonality of this drug with that of acetic acid. We showed that NAC and acetic acid at pH < pKa can penetrate the matrix and eventually kill 100% of the bacteria embedded in the biofilm. Once the bacteria are killed, the microcolonies swell in size and passively shed bacteria, suggesting that the bacteria act as crosslinkers within the extracellular matrix. Despite shedding of the bacteria, the remnant matrix remains intact and behaves as a pH-responsive hydrogel. These studies not only have implications for drug design but also offer a route to generate robust soft matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Kundukad
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan Schussman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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Mahdiun F, Mansouri S, Khazaeli P, Mirzaei R. The effect of tobramycin incorporated with bismuth-ethanedithiol loaded on niosomes on the quorum sensing and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bandara HMHN, Herpin MJ, Kolacny D, Harb A, Romanovicz D, Smyth HDC. Incorporation of Farnesol Significantly Increases the Efficacy of Liposomal Ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms in Vitro. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2760-70. [PMID: 27383205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, such as in cystic fibrosis lungs, remains unchanged due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Poor drug penetration into dense P. aeruginosa biofilms plays a vital role in ineffective clearance of the infection. Thus, the current antibiotic therapy against P. aeruginosa biofilms need to be revisited and alternative antibiofilm strategies need to be invented. Fungal quorum sensing molecule (QSM), farnesol, appears to have detrimental effects on P. aeruginosa. Thus, this study aimed to codeliver naturally occurring QSM farnesol, with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a liposomal formulation to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms. Four different liposomes (with ciprofloxacin and farnesol, Lcip+far; with ciprofloxacin, Lcip; with farnesol, Lfar; control, Lcon) were prepared using dehydration-rehydration method and characterized. Drug entrapment and release were evaluated by spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The efficacy of liposomes was assessed using standard biofilm assay. Liposome-treated 24 h P. aeruginosa biofilms were quantitatively assessed by XTT reduction assay and crystal violet assay, and qualitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ciprofloxacin release from liposomes was higher when encapsulated with farnesol (Lcip+far) compared to Lcip (3.06% vs 1.48%), whereas farnesol release was lower when encapsulated with ciprofloxacin (Lcip+far) compared to Lfar (1.81% vs 4.75%). The biofilm metabolism was significantly lower when treated with Lcip+far or Lcip compared to free ciprofloxacin (XTT, P < 0.05). When administered as Lcip+far, the ciprofloxacin concentration required to achieve similar biofilm inhibition was 125-fold or 10-fold lower compared to free ciprofloxacin or Lcip, respectively (P < 0.05). CLSM and TEM confirmed predominant biofilm disruption, greater dead cell ratio, and increased depth of biofilm killing when treated with Lcip+far compared to other liposomal preparations. Thus, codelivery of farnesol and ciprofloxacin is likely to be a promising approach to battle antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa biofilms by enhancing biofilm killing at significantly lower antibiotic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H N Bandara
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - M J Herpin
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - D Kolacny
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - A Harb
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - D Romanovicz
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - H D C Smyth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Abstract
Gram-negative organisms comprise a large portion of the pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, especially those that are nosocomially acquired, and the rate of antibiotic resistance among these organisms continues to rise. Systemically administered antibiotics used to treat these infections often have poor penetration into the lung parenchyma and narrow therapeutic windows between efficacy and toxicity. The use of inhaled antibiotics allows for maximization of target site concentrations and optimization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices while minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity. This review is a comprehensive discussion of formulation and drug delivery aspects, in vitro and microbiological considerations, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes with inhaled antibiotics as they apply to disease states other than cystic fibrosis. In reviewing the literature surrounding the use of inhaled antibiotics, we also highlight the complexities related to this route of administration and the shortcomings in the available evidence. The lack of novel anti-Gram-negative antibiotics in the developmental pipeline will encourage the innovative use of our existing agents, and the inhaled route is one that deserves to be further studied and adopted in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wenzler
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tonya Scardina
- Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larry H Danziger
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois, USA University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rukavina Z, Vanić Ž. Current Trends in Development of Liposomes for Targeting Bacterial Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E18. [PMID: 27231933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm targeting represents a great challenge for effective antimicrobial therapy. Increased biofilm resistance, even with the elevated concentrations of very potent antimicrobial agents, often leads to failed therapeutic outcome. Application of biocompatible nanomicrobials, particularly liposomally-associated nanomicrobials, presents a promising approach for improved drug delivery to bacterial cells and biofilms. Versatile manipulations of liposomal physicochemical properties, such as the bilayer composition, membrane fluidity, size, surface charge and coating, enable development of liposomes with desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This review attempts to provide an unbiased overview of investigations of liposomes destined to treat bacterial biofilms. Different strategies including the recent advancements in liposomal design aiming at eradication of existing biofilms and prevention of biofilm formation, as well as respective limitations, are discussed in more details.
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Abstract
Biofilms are communities of aggregated bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment and immune defenses and are implicated in many chronic bacterial and fungal infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the contribution of biofilms to persistent infections resistant to antibiotic treatment, the impact of multispecies biofilms on drug resistance and tolerance, and recent advances in the development of antibiofilm agents. Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in biofilms is essential for developing new preventive and therapeutic strategies and curbing drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skander Hathroubi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Mekni
- 2 The National Bone Marrow Transplant Centre , UR12ES02, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Dao Nguyen
- 4 Meakins Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montréal, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- 1 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This proof-of-concept study tested the hypothesis that combining bismuth thiols (BTs) with systemic antibiotics will more effectively reduce infection in an animal model of contaminated open fracture than systemic antibiotics alone. METHODS An implant-stabilized segmental defect rat model was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and then treated with surgical debridement 6 hours after injury and 3 days of systemic cefazolin. A single dose of BTs suspended in a hydrogel was administered to the wound immediately after debridement. After 14 days, the bone and implant were harvested for microbiological analysis. RESULTS A single local dose of 0.05 mg of BT (MB-8-2), when combined with systemically administered cefazolin, decreased infection, without any noticeable local or systemic toxicity, from 60% to 10% (P = 0.002), with only 0.02% of the recovered bacteria quantity of the cefazolin-only group (P < 0.001). Higher doses were less effective and caused side-effects. CONCLUSIONS BTs administered locally to infected open fracture wounds at an appropriate dose potentiate the effect of systemically administered antibiotics and reduce infection rate and bacteria quantity associated with bone and orthopaedic implants. Local delivery of BTs is a promising strategy for increasing the efficacy of systemically administered antibiotics in preventing and treating infections of open fractures.
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Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Kollanoor-Johny A, Venkitanarayanan K. Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: a minireview of the mechanistic basis. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:761741. [PMID: 25298964 PMCID: PMC4178913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has led to renewed interest in exploring the potential of plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) as an alternative therapeutic strategy to combat microbial infections. Historically, plant extracts have been used as a safe, effective, and natural remedy for ailments and diseases in traditional medicine. Extensive research in the last two decades has identified a plethora of PDAs with a wide spectrum of activity against a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens causing infections in humans and animals. Active components of many plant extracts have been characterized and are commercially available; however, research delineating the mechanistic basis of their antimicrobial action is scanty. This review highlights the potential of various plant-derived compounds to control pathogenic bacteria, especially the diverse effects exerted by plant compounds on various virulence factors that are critical for pathogenicity inside the host. In addition, the potential effect of PDAs on gut microbiota is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anup Kollanoor-Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kumar Venkitanarayanan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Varposhti M, Abdi Ali A, Mohammadi P. Synergistic Effects of Bismuth Thiols and Various Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9142. [PMID: 25147686 PMCID: PMC4138659 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that takes advantages of some weaknesses in the immune system to initiate an infection. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa can cause chronic opportunistic infections in immunocompromised and elderly patients. This bacterium is considered as a model organism to study antibiotic resistance as well as biofilm formation. In the biofilm structures, bacteria are protected from many harmful environmental factors such as fluctuations in the level of oxygen and nutrients, and the alterations of pH as well as sensitivity to antibiotics. Decreased permeability of biofilms is one of the important reasons of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Objectives: In this study the anti-biofilm activity of bismuth thiols in combination with ciprofloxacin, imipenem and ceftazidime against the P. aeruginosa biofilm was investigated. Materials and Methods: Checkerboard method was used to test the susceptibility of biofilms against various antimicrobial combinations. The biofilm formation was measured by 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) colorimetric assay. The fractional bio-film inhibitory concentration was reported for each agent. Results: The combination of bismuth ethanedithiol with ciprofloxacin showed synergistic inhibitory effect on the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. The combination of bismuth ethanedithiol ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem showed synergistic inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation. Furthermore, the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol, imipenem and ceftazidime did not show any synergistic inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. Conclusions: Our studies show that using appropriate concentrations of bismuth thiols in combination with various antibiotics can act synergistically against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Varposhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ahya Abdi Ali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ahya Abdi Ali, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122182302, Fax: +98-88058912, E-mail:
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Hadinoto K, Cheow WS. Nano-antibiotics in chronic lung infection therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:772-85. [PMID: 24656614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic encapsulation into nanoparticle carriers has emerged as a promising inhaled antibiotic formulation for treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Attributed to their prolonged lung retention, sustained antibiotic release, and mucus penetrating ability, antibiotic nanoparticles, or nano-antibiotics in short, can address the principal weakness of inhaled antibiotic solution, i.e. low antibiotic exposure in the vicinity of P. aeruginosa biofilm colonies resulting in diminished anti-pseudomonal efficacy after repeated uses. This review details the current state of development and limitations of the two most widely studied forms of nano-antibiotics, i.e. liposomes and polymer nanoparticles. Factors in their formulation that influence the anti-pseudomonal efficacy in vitro and in vivo, such as liposome's membrane rigidity, surface charge, size, and polymer hydrophobicity, are discussed. This review reveals that the superior anti-pseudomonal efficacy of liposomal antibiotics to free antibiotics has been clearly established when they are correctly formulated, with several liposomal antibiotic formulations are currently undergoing clinical trials. Liposomal antibiotics, nevertheless, are not without limitation due to their weak physicochemical stability. In contrast, only mucus penetrating ability of the more stable polymeric nano-antibiotics has been established, while their anti-pseudomonal efficacy has only been examined in vitro from which their superiority to free antibiotics has not been ascertained. Lastly, future research needs to bring liposome and polymer-based nano-antibiotics closer to their clinical realization are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunn Hadinoto
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Wean Sin Cheow
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Abstract
Bacteria have traditionally been regarded as individual organisms growing in homogeneous planktonic populations. However, bacteria in natural environments usually form communities of surface-adherent organisms embedded in an extracellular matrix, called biofilms. Current antimicrobial strategies often fail to control bacteria in the biofilm mode of growth. Treatment failure is particularly frequent in association with intracorporeal or transcutaneous medical devices and compromised host immunity. The rising prevalence of these risk factors over the last decades has paralleled the increase in biofilm infections. This review discusses the shortcomings of current therapies against biofilms both in theory and with clinical examples. Biofilm characteristics are described with a focus on new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Fux
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, USA.
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Shetye GS, Singh N, Gao X, Bandyopadhyay D, Yan A, Luk YY. Structures and biofilm inhibition activities of brominated furanones for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Alhariri M, Omri A. Efficacy of liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin after intratracheal administration in rats with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:569-78. [PMID: 23147741 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01634-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate alterations in quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone secretion and in the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, as well as the in vivo antimicrobial activity of bismuth-ethanedithiol incorporated into a liposome-loaded tobramycin formulation (LipoBiEDT-TOB) administered to rats chronically infected with P. aeruginosa. The quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone was monitored by using a biosensor organism. P. aeruginosa virulence factors were assessed spectrophotometrically. An agar beads model of chronic Pseudomonas lung infection in rats was used to evaluate the efficacy of the liposomal formulation in the reduction of bacterial count. The levels of active tobramycin in the lungs and the kidneys were evaluated by microbiological assay. LipoBiEDT-TOB was effective in disrupting both quorum-sensing signal molecules N-3-oxo-dodeccanoylhomoserine lactone and N-butanoylhomoserine lactone, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) reducing lipase, chitinase, and protease production. At 24 h after 3 treatments, the CFU counts in lungs of animals treated with LipoBiEDT-TOB were of 3 log(10) CFU/lung, comparated to 7.4 and 4.7 log(10) CFU/lung, respectively, in untreated lungs and in lungs treated with free antibiotic. The antibiotic concentration after the last dose of LipoBiEDT-TOB was 25.1 μg/lung, while no tobramycin was detected in the kidneys. As for the free antibiotic, we found 6.5 μg/kidney but could not detect any tobramycin in the lungs. Taken together, LipoBiEDT-TOB reduced the production of quorum-sensing molecules and virulence factors and could highly improve the management of chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of thirteen bismuth thiol preparations for bactericidal activity against established biofilms formed by two bacteria isolated from human chronic wounds. METHODS Single species biofilms of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa or a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were grown in either colony biofilm or drip-flow reactors systems. Biofilms were challenged with bismuth thiols, antibiotics or silver sulfadiazine, and log reductions were determined by plating for colony formation. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics were ineffective or inconsistent against biofilms of both bacterial species tested. None of the antibiotics tested were able to achieve >2 log reductions in both biofilm models. The 13 different bismuth thiols tested in this investigation achieved widely varying degrees of killing, even against the same micro-organism in the same biofilm model. For each micro-organism, the best bismuth thiol easily outperformed the best conventional antibiotic. Against P. aeruginosa biofilms, bismuth-2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) at 40-80 μg ml⁻¹ achieved > 7·7 mean log reduction for the two biofilm models. Against MRSA biofilms, bismuth-1,3-propanedithiol/bismuth-2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide (BisBDT/PYR) achieved a 4·9 log reduction. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bismuth thiols are effective antimicrobial agents against biofilms formed by wound bacteria and merit further development as topical antiseptics for the suppression of biofilms in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Folsom
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA Microbion Corporation, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Alipour M, Dorval C, Suntres ZE, Omri A. Bismuth-ethanedithiol incorporated in a liposome-loaded tobramycin formulation modulates the alginate levels in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:999-1007. [PMID: 21718282 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the antibacterial activity, alginate modulation, and deposition of a tobramycin bismuth-ethanedithiol (Tob-Bi) conventional (free) or vesicle-entrapped (lipo) formulation against two mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. METHODS The inhibitory, bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations (in presence or absence of alginate lyase) were determined. The modulation of alginate was assessed by the carbazole assay and fluorescent-labelling of live alginate-producing biofilms by confocal microscopy. The deposition of the formulations was assessed using the immunogold-labelling technique, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced in all strains by 2- to 8-fold, and 2- to 32-fold, respectively. The biofilm eradication concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced by 4- to 32-fold in the mucoid strains. The addition of alginate lyase transiently enhanced eradication for one mucoid strain only. The alginate levels were attenuated by more than half, and free Tob-Bi fared better than lipo Tob-Bi determined by the carbazole assay. Under confocal microscopy, alginate lyase reduced alginate levels and detached mucoid biofilms. Free and lipo Tob-Bi did not detach the bacteria from the surface, but attenuated alginate levels. Tobramycin was detected by immunogold-labelling inside the bacterium, but EDS did not detect bismuth deposits. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantiate a role in which tobramycin, bismuth, and alginate lyase play in eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa growth and modulate alginate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury Medical Sciences Division, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Zelaya AJ, Stough G, Rad N, Vandervoort K, Brelles-Mariño G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Inactivation: Decreased Cell Culturability, Adhesiveness to Surfaces, and Biofilm Thickness Upon High-Pressure Nonthermal Plasma Treatment. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci IEEE Nucl Plasma Sci Soc 2010; 38:3398-3403. [PMID: 21544254 PMCID: PMC3085249 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2010.2082570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are more resilient to standard killing methods than free-living bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms grown on borosilicate coupons were treated with gas-discharge plasma for various exposure times. Almost 100% of the cells were inactivated after a 5-min plasma exposure. Atomic force microscopy was used to image the biofilms and study their micromechanical properties. Results show that the adhesiveness to borosilicate and the thickness of the Pseudomonas biofilms are reduced upon plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Zelaya
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 USA ( )
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Schindler R, Heemann U, Haug U, Stoelck B, Karatas A, Pohle C, Deppisch R, Beck W, Hollenbeck M. Bismuth coating of non-tunneled haemodialysis catheters reduces bacterial colonization: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2651-6. [PMID: 20237055 PMCID: PMC2905443 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemodialysis (HD) catheter-related blood stream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. METHODS We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blinded trial investigating the clinical value of bismuth-coated non-tunneled HD catheters in patients in need of temporary short-term vascular access. A standard catheter (SC) was compared to a surface-modified, bismuth-film-coated catheter (FCC). After removal of the catheter for any reason, both arterial and venous lumina were rinsed and the fluid cultured for detection of bacterial colony-forming units (CFU). The catheter tip was placed in a tube containing sterile saline, sonicated and shortly centrifuged to remove debris (3 min at 1000 g). The supernatant was cultured and assayed for DNA content. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients in three HD units were randomized. Thirteen patients suffered from acute renal failure, 60 patients from chronic renal failure, and four patients without renal insufficiency were treated with plasma exchange. The time to catheter removal was not significantly different between groups, with a mean of 18.5 +/- 2 days for SC and 15.1 +/- 2 days for FCC. In most cases, the reasons for catheter removal were related to no further need for extracorporeal therapy or establishment of a permanent vascular access. Six catheters for SC and four catheters for FCC were removed because of presumed infection. Bacterial colonization was significantly lower for coated catheters compared to standard catheters, both for cultured catheter tips as well as for CFU in rinse fluids (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Surface modification with bismuth film reduces bacterial colonization of temporary non-tunneled HD catheters in a clinical trial. Larger trials with these modified catheters are justified to further investigate the effect on catheter-related infections, complications and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Virchow-Klinikum, Universitaetsmedizin zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Halwani M, Hebert S, Suntres ZE, Lafrenie RM, Azghani AO, Omri A. Bismuth–thiol incorporation enhances biological activities of liposomal tobramycin against bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing molecules production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Badireddy AR, Korpol BR, Chellam S, Gassman PL, Engelhard MH, Lea AS, Rosso KM. Spectroscopic Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens: Suppression Using Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Bismuth Thiols. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:3079-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800600p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Bhoom Reddy Korpol
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Paul L. Gassman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Alan S. Lea
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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Young ME, Alakomi HL, Fortune I, Gorbushina AA, Krumbein WE, Maxwell I, McCullagh C, Robertson P, Saarela M, Valero J, Vendrell M. Development of a biocidal treatment regime to inhibit biological growths on cultural heritage: BIODAM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-008-1455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Halwani M, Blomme S, Suntres ZE, Alipour M, Azghani AO, Kumar A, Omri A. Liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol formulation enhances antimicrobial activity of tobramycin. Int J Pharm 2008; 358:278-84. [PMID: 18448284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia (formally, genomovar III genotype of Burkholderia cepacia complex) have emerged as serious opportunistic resistant pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have developed a liposomal formulation containing bismuth-ethanedithiol (BiEDT) and tobramycin to overcome bacterial resistance. The stability of liposomal BiEDT-tobramycin (LipoBiEDT-TOB) was studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human pooled plasma at 4 and 37 degrees C. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for free tobramycin and LipoBiEDT-TOB against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and B. cenocepacia were determined by the broth dilution method. The toxicity profile and the influence on bacterial adhesion of LipoBiEDT-TOB formulation were determined using a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). LipoBiEDT-TOB exhibited lower MICs than the conventional antibiotic (0.25mg/L vs. 1024 mg/L) and eradicated this highly resistant bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa (PA-48913) at very low concentrations (4 mg/L vs. 4096 mg/L). LipoBiEDT-TOB was significantly less toxic when compared to the free BiEDT, as evaluated by the MTT and LDH assay. The LipoBiEDT-TOB formulation suppressed bacterial adhesion (B. cenocepacia M13642R) to A549 cells. These data suggest that the novel LipoBiEDT-TOB drug delivery system could be utilized as a new strategy to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics against resistant organisms that commonly affect individuals with chronic lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Halwani
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Badireddy AR, Chellam S, Yanina S, Gassman P, Rosso KM. Bismuth dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) inhibits the expression of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins by Brevundimonas diminuta: implications for membrane microfiltration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 99:634-43. [PMID: 17705249 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 2:1 molar ratio preparation of bismuth with a lipophilic dithiol (3-dimercapto-1-propanol, BAL) significantly reduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) expression by Brevundimonas diminuta in suspended cultures at levels just below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Total polysaccharides and proteins secreted by B. diminuta decreased by approximately 95% over a 5-day period when exposed to the bismuth-BAL chelate (BisBAL) at near MIC (12 microM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that a possible mechanism of biofilm disruption by BisBAL is the inhibition of carbohydrate O-acetylation. FTIR also revealed extensive homology between EPS samples with and without BisBAL treatment, with proteins, polysaccharides, and peptides varying predominantly only in the amount expressed. EPS secretion decreased following BisBAL treatment as verified by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Without BisBAL treatment, a slime-like EPS matrix secreted by B. diminuta resulted in biofouling and inefficient hydrodynamic backwashing of microfiltration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4003, USA
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Abstract
Bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents is believed to be one of the main factors in stent occlusion. This study explored the role of the new reagent, bismuth dimercaprol, in preventing bacterial adherence and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents. Sterile porcine bile preparations, infected separately with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus, were used as the perfusion media in an in vitro perfusion system. The bacterial growth in the media and the bacterial adherence on the surface of stents were tested when different concentrations of bismuth dimercaprol were used in the perfusion media. BisBAL (5 microM) did not inhibit the growth of any of the tested bacterial species. It did, however, significantly decrease the amount of bacteria adhering to the surface of stents for all bacterial strains except Escherichia coli. Bismuth dimercaprol (20 microM) significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter and, thereby, significantly decreased the amount of these bacteria adhering to the surface of stents. The unique bactericidal and anitbiofilm activities of bismuth thiols might contribute to delaying the process of biliary stent occlusion if the effective concentrations of bismuth thiols could be delivered to the target sites. The feasibility of this application of bismuth thiols deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhang
- ENH Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
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Bland MV, Ismail S, Heinemann JA, Keenan JI. The action of bismuth against Helicobacter pylori mimics but is not caused by intracellular iron deprivation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1983-8. [PMID: 15155188 PMCID: PMC415606 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.6.1983-1988.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is highly susceptible to bismuth, a heavy metal with antimicrobial activity linked to its effect on bacterial iron uptake. Three strains of H. pylori were analyzed for indicators of iron limitation following exposure to the MIC of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (MIC(CBS)). Similar morphologic and outer membrane changes were observed following growth in iron-limiting medium and at the MIC(CBS) that inhibited the growth of all three strains. These changes, which were also observed for iron-limited bacteria, were alleviated by the addition of iron to the cultures. H. pylori ATP levels, reduced in iron-limiting medium, were below the limits of detection in two of the three strains following exposure to bismuth. The addition of iron partially restored bacterial ATP levels in these two strains, although not to normal concentrations. In contrast, exposure of the same strains to the MIC(CBS) failed to deplete intracellular levels of iron, which were significantly reduced by culturing in iron-limiting medium. Thus, the antimicrobial effect of bismuth and of iron limitation on H. pylori may be similar. However, the respective mechanisms of intracellular action would appear to be mediated by different pathways within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Bland
- School of Biological Scienes, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
AIMS Biofilms in water distribution systems represent a far more significant reservoir of micro-organisms than the water phase. Biofilms are (i) resistant to disinfectants, (ii) nuclei for microbial regrowth, (iii) a refuge for pathogens, (iv) accompanied by taste and odour problems, and (v) corrode surfaces. The effects of the current strategies for disinfection of drinking water systems in large buildings (chlorination, copper and silver ionization, and hyper-heating) were compared with a new generation of bismuth thiol (BT) biocides. METHODS AND RESULTS Multispecies biofilms were treated with 0.8 mg l(-1) of free chlorine, 400 and 40 microg l(-1) of copper and silver ions, respectively, at 55 and 70 degrees C, and bismuth-2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL). Furthermore, the effect of combined heat and BisBAL on planktonic cell viability was examined in monoculture using Escherichia coli suspensions. Inactivation rates for BisBAL were similar to copper-silver ions, where the effects were slower than for free chlorine or temperature. The BisBAL effect on E. coli monocultures was augmented greatly by increasing temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Like copper-silver ions, BTs show more persistent residual effects than chlorine and hyper-heating in water systems. BT efficiency increased with temperature. Like copper-silver ions, BT action is relatively slow. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY BT presents a new approach to containing water biofilms. BT action is not as rapid, but is more thorough than chlorine, and less caustic. BTs may also be more efficacious in hot water systems. At sub-minimum inhibition concentration levels, BTs uniquely inhibit bacterial exopolysaccharide, thereby retarding biofilm formation. Thus, the combination of bactericidal and residual effects may prevent slime build-up in hot water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Codony
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Cardio Pulmonary Research Institute. Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in mechanically ventilated patients and produces a wide array of virulence factors. Bismuth-thiols (BTs) are active in vitro against all bacterial lung pathogens, including P. aeruginosa. The objective of these studies was to examine the biochemical and morphologic effects of sublethal BT concentrations on P. aeruginosa and to evaluate virulence in cell culture. Bismuth-dimercaprol, at a fraction of the minimal inhibitory concentration, reduced alginate expression by 67% in P. aeruginosa, whereas subinhibitory bismuth-ethanedithiol (BisEDT) reduced alginate by 92% in P. syringae. BisEDT effects on lipopolysaccharide content and type III secreted cytoxins were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Subinhibitory BisEDT reduced cell-associated lipopolysaccharide, and inhibited processing of the secreted cytotoxic protein ExoU. BisEDT-induced outer membrane blebbing and aggregation of cytoplasmic material was noted in electron microscopy. Virulence of P. aeruginosa was assessed by adherence to epithelial cells and sensitivity to serum killing. BisEDT inhibited adherence of P. aeruginosa to 16HBE14o- cells by 28% and to a collagen matrix by 53%. BisEDT-treated bacteria were also 100-fold more sensitive to serum bactericidal activity. In summary, low BT concentrations affect P. aeruginosa in a variety of ways, the combination of which may help prevent or resolve respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Liang Wu
- CardioPulmonary Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, SUNY School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Mineola, New York 11501, USA
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