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Yassin AE, Albekairy AM, Omer ME, Almutairi A, Alotaibi Y, Althuwaini S, Alaql OA, Almozaai SS, Almutiri NM, Alluhaim W, Alzahrani RR, Alterawi AM, Halwani MA. Chitosan-Coated Azithromycin/Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles: A Characterization and Potency Study. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2023; 16:59-72. [PMID: 38146545 PMCID: PMC10749578 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s438484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antimicrobial resistance is a major health hazard worldwide. Combining azithromycin (AZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in one drug delivery system was proposed to boost their antibacterial activity and overcome resistance. This study aims to improve azithromycin and ciprofloxacin activity by co-encapsulating them inside chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles and evaluating their antibacterial activity. Methods The double emulsion method was employed to co-encapsulate AZ/CIP inside chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles. The formulations were evaluated for their nanoparticle size, size distribution, and zeta potential. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis characterized the formula's thermal sustainability. Encapsulation efficiency was measured by HPLC and spectrophotometric analysis. Morphological studies used the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The in vitro release profiles of both AZ and CIP were monitored utilizing the dialysis membrane bag method. The micro-dilution assay assessed the antimicrobial activity against a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results The prepared AZ/CIP-poly-caprolactone nanoparticles were spherical; their size range was 184.0 ± 3.3-190.4 ± 5.6 nm and had high size uniformity (poly-dispersity index below 0.2). The zeta potential ranged from -21.2 ± 2.4 to -27.0 ± 2.5 mV, while chitosan-coated nanoparticles showed a positive zeta potential value ranging from 8 to 11 mV. The thermal study confirmed the amorphous state of both antibiotics inside the nanoparticles. The results of the in vitro release study indicated a slow and uniform rate of release for both drugs extended over 4-days, with a faster rate in the case of AZ. The MIC values reported for both chitosan-coated NP have been tremendously reduced by at least 15 folds of pure CIP and more than 60 folds of pure AZ. Conclusion The co-encapsulation of AZ/CIP into chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles has been successfully achieved. The produced particles showed many beneficial attributes of uniform particle sizes below 200 nm and high zeta potential values. Chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles extensively enhanced the antibacterial activity of both AZ/CIP against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Eldeen Yassin
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem M Albekairy
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa E Omer
- Pharmacy Program, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Arwa Almutairi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Althuwaini
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aql Alaql
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad S Almozaai
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Mohammed Almutiri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed Alluhaim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad R Alzahrani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M Alterawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majed A Halwani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and novel approaches to treatment "Knowing the enemy" the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. Infect Med (Beijing) 2023; 2:178-194. [PMID: 38073886 PMCID: PMC10699684 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions. This biological flexibility enables the P. aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions, and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide. The clinical manifestations of P. aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms. It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents. Here we review the principal infections caused by P. aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sathe
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Peter Beech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Larry Croft
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Arnab Kapat
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Eugene Athan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281 Geelong 3220, Australia
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Arunachalam K, Krishnan GP, Sethuraman S, Abraham SVPI, Krishnan ST, Venkateswar A, Arunkumar J, Shi C, MubarakAli D. Exploring Possible Ways to Enhance the Potential and Use of Natural Products through Nanotechnology in the Battle against Biofilms of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36839543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms enable pathogenic bacteria to survive in unfavorable environments. As biofilm-forming pathogens can cause rapid food spoilage and recurrent infections in humans, especially their presence in the food industry is problematic. Using chemical disinfectants in the food industry to prevent biofilm formation raises serious health concerns. Further, the ability of biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens to tolerate disinfection procedures questions the traditional treatment methods. Thus, there is a dire need for alternative treatment options targeting bacterial pathogens, especially biofilms. As clean-label products without carcinogenic and hazardous potential, natural compounds with growth and biofilm-inhibiting and biofilm-eradicating potentials have gained popularity as natural preservatives in the food industry. However, the use of these natural preservatives in the food industry is restricted by their poor availability, stability during food processing and storage. Also there is a lack of standardization, and unattractive organoleptic qualities. Nanotechnology is one way to get around these limitations and as well as the use of underutilized bioactives. The use of nanotechnology has several advantages including traversing the biofilm matrix, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability, bioactivity, and stability. The nanoparticles used in fabricating or encapsulating natural products are considered as an appealing antibiofilm strategy since the nanoparticles enhance the activity of the natural products against biofilms of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Hence, this literature review is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current methods in nanotechnology used for natural products delivery (biofabrication, encapsulation, and nanoemulsion) and also discuss the different promising strategies employed in the recent and past to enhance the inhibition and eradication of foodborne bacterial biofilms.
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Rosalia M, Chiesa E, Tottoli EM, Dorati R, Genta I, Conti B, Pisani S. Tobramycin Nanoantibiotics and Their Advantages: A Minireview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214080. [PMID: 36430555 PMCID: PMC9692674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a challenge for antibiotic therapy, mostly involving Gram-negative bacteria. Among the strategies activated to overcome AMR, the repurposing of already available antimicrobial molecules by encapsulating them in drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and also engineered NPs, seems to be promising. Tobramycin is a powerful and effective aminoglycoside, approved for complicated infections and reinfections and indicated mainly against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Providencia, and Citrobacter species. However, the drug presents several side effects, mostly due to dose frequency, and for this reason, it is a good candidate for nanomedicine formulation. This review paper is focused on what has been conducted in the last 20 years for the development of Tobramycin nanosized delivery systems (nanoantibiotics), with critical discussion and comparison. Tobramycin was selected as the antimicrobial drug because it is a wide-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, and it is characterized by a fast bactericidal effect, even against multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Rosalia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Maria Tottoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-03-8298-7378
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Shu G, Xu D, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li H, Xu F, Yin L, Peng X, Fu H, Chang LJ, Yan XR, Lin J. Preparation of shikonin liposome and evaluation of its in vitro antibacterial and in vivo infected wound healing activity. Phytomedicine 2022; 99:154035. [PMID: 35286935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of antibiotic resistance over the past decade has made the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection difficult. Burn wounds infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) can cause mortality in animals. Shikonin (SH) has been reported to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and is also responsible for the process of wound healing. However, the pharmacological mechanism of its wound healing process remains poorly comprehended, hence the probable mechanism deserves further investigation. PURPOSE The current study was designed to develop a novel SH-liposome with improved anti-MRSA effect and to detect its beneficial wound healing effects. STUDY DESIGN In vitro antibacterial tests and in vivo infected wound healing test were conducted. METHODS SH-liposome was produced by the film formation method, and the characteristics were measured using a laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, and the dialysis method. Additionally, in vitro antibacterial tests were conducted to investigate the antibacterial effects and the relative mechanism of SH-liposome. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects and bioactivity of SH-liposome in MRSA infected burn wounds were investigated in rats. Sixty-four male Sprague Dawley rats (250 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into four groups, including Group I (control group); Group II (model group); Group III (SH-liposome group) and Group IV (Arnebia oil® group), and the drug treatments were applied topically twice daily for 21 days. Further, full thickness skin biopsies at different periods were collected aseptically to evaluate tissue cytokines, recognize flora, observe histopathological changes, and determine the mechanism underlying the wound healing effects of SH-liposome. The data were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS The results showed that SH-liposome was successful with a drug load of 4.6 ± 0.17%. Moreover, SH-liposome showed a sustained-release behavior and improved antibacterial ability in a dose-dependent manner. For the possible antibacterial mechanism, we observed that SH-liposome achieved antibacterial activity by damaging the integrity of bacterial cell wall and membrane to further disturb the physiological activities of S. aureus. In addition, SH-liposome facilitated wound healing by inhibiting bacterial activities to control infection, regulating the I-κBα/NFκB-p65 pathway to alleviate inflammation, and directly promoting repair in burn wounds. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SH-liposome showed an antibacterial effect against S. aureus, promoted effective healing of infected burn wounds; hence, it could be used as an alternative therapy for drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Jen Chang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University
| | | | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ghodake V, Vishwakarma J, Vavilala SL, Patravale V. Cefoperazone sodium liposomal formulation to mitigate P. aeruginosa biofilm in Cystic fibrosis infection: A QbD approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
When antibiotics are administered, orally or intravenously, they pass through different organs and layers of tissue on their way to the site of infection; this can cause dilution and/or intoxication. To overcome these problems, drug delivery vehicles have been used to encapsulate and deliver antibiotics, improving their therapeutic index while minimizing their adverse effects. Liposomes are self-assembled lipid vesicles made from at least one bilayer of phospholipids with an inner aqueous compartment. Liposomes are attractive vehicles to deliver antibiotics because they can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic antibiotics, they have low toxicity, and they can change the biodistribution of the drug. Furthermore, liposomes have been approved by regulatory agencies. However, most developmental and mechanistic research in the field has been focused on encapsulation and delivery of anticancer drugs, a class of molecules that differ significantly in chemistry from antibiotics. In this critical Review, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding the design of liposomes for encapsulation and delivery of antibiotics and offer insight into the challenges and promises of using liposomes for antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Gonzalez Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L9S 8L7, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L9S 8L7, Canada
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L98 4LS, Canada
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Qumar U, Ikram M, Imran M, Haider A, Ul-Hamid A, Haider J, Riaz KN, Ali S. Synergistic effect of Bi-doped exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets on their bactericidal and dye degradation potential. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5362-5377. [PMID: 32255457 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanosheets incorporated with biological reducing agents are widely used to minimize the toxic effects of chemicals. Biologically amalgamated metal oxide nanomaterials have crucial importance in nanotechnology. In this study, bare and bismuth (Bi)-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Different Bi weight ratios of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% were incorporated in a fixed amount of MoS2 to evaluate its catalytic and antimicrobial activities. Doped nanosheets were characterized using XRD, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy, FESEM, HRTEM, Raman, PL, DSC/TGA, EDX, XRF and XPS analysis. The XRD spectra confirmed that the doped nanosheets exhibit a hexagonal structure and their crystallite size increases gradually upon doping. The morphology and interlayer d-spacing of doped MoS2 were determined by FESEM and HRTEM. The presence of functional groups in the doped nanosheets was confirmed using FTIR, PL and Raman analysis. The absorption intensity increased and the corresponding measured band gap energy decreased with doping. The thermal stability and weight loss behaviour of the prepared samples were studied using DSC/TGA. The doped MoS2 nanosheets showed a higher catalytic potential compared to undoped MoS2. The doped Bi nanosheets exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) at different concentrations of Bi (0.075 and 0.1), showing a tendency to counter the emerging drug resistance against pathogenic bacterial diseases. Consequently, significant inhibition zones were recorded against (MDR) S. aureus ranging from 2.25 to 3.3 mm and 3.25 to 5.05 mm at low and high concentrations of doped-Bi nanosheets and against Gram-negative E. coli ranging from 1 to 1.45 mm at high concentrations. In conclusion, the Bi-doped MoS2 nanocomposite has exhibited significant potential for use in industrial dye degradation applications. Its antibacterial properties can also mitigate health risks associated with the presence of several well-known pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Qumar
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan. and Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - M Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - A Haider
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Ul-Hamid
- Center for Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - K N Riaz
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, HH Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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Walvekar P, Gannimani R, Govender T. Combination drug therapy via nanocarriers against infectious diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:121-141. [PMID: 30342173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current drug therapy against infections is threatening to become obsolete due to the poor physical, chemical, biological and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, followed by high risk of acquiring resistance. Taking into account the significant benefits of nanotechnology, nano-based delivery of anti-infectious agents is emerging as a potential approach to combat several lethal infections. Co-delivery of multiple anti-infectious agents in a single nano-based system is beginning to show significant advantages over mono-therapy, such as synergism, enhanced anti-microbial activity, broad anti-microbial spectrum, reduced resistance development, and improved and cost-effective treatment. The current review provides a detailed update on the status of various lipid and polymer based nano-systems used to co-deliver multiple anti-infectious agents against bacterial, HIV and malarial infections. It also identifies current key challenges and suggests strategies to overcome them, thus guiding formulation scientists to further optimize nano-based co-drug delivery as an approach to fight infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Walvekar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Gannimani
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Colino CI, Millán CG, Lanao JM. Nanoparticles for Signaling in Biodiagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1627. [PMID: 29857492 PMCID: PMC6032068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle-based systems constitute a promising research area with important implications for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially against multidrug resistant strains and bacterial biofilms. Nanosystems may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of viral and fungal infections. Commercial diagnostic tests based on nanosystems are currently available. Different methodologies based on nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to detect specific agents or to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Also, biosensors based on nanoparticles have been applied in viral detection to improve available analytical techniques. Several point-of-care (POC) assays have been proposed that can offer results faster, easier and at lower cost than conventional techniques and can even be used in remote regions for viral diagnosis. Nanoparticles functionalized with specific molecules may modulate pharmacokinetic targeting recognition and increase anti-infective efficacy. Quorum sensing is a stimuli-response chemical communication process correlated with population density that bacteria use to regulate biofilm formation. Disabling it is an emerging approach for combating its pathogenicity. Natural or synthetic inhibitors may act as antibiofilm agents and be useful for treating multi-drug resistant bacteria. Nanostructured materials that interfere with signal molecules involved in biofilm growth have been developed for the control of infections associated with biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez Millán
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Mahdiun F, Mansouri S, Khazaeli P, Mirzaei R. The effect of tobramycin incorporated with bismuth-ethanedithiol loaded on niosomes on the quorum sensing and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Shin S, Ahmed I, Hwang J, Seo Y, Lee E, Choi J, Moon S, Hong JW. A Microfluidic Approach to Investigating a Synergistic Effect of Tobramycin and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:67-73. [PMID: 26753708 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a microfluidic technology has contributed a significant role in biological research, specifically for the study of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are a source of infections and contamination in the environment due to an extra polymeric matrix. Inadequate uses of antibiotics make the bacterial biofilms antibiotic resistant. Therefore, it is important to determine the effective concentration of antibiotics in order to eliminate bacterial biofilms. The present microfluidic study was carried out to analyze the activities of tobramycin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with a continuous flow in order to achieve a greater delivery of the agents. The results show that a co-treatment of tobramycin and SDS significantly reduced the biomass of biofilms (by more than 99%) after 24 h. Tobramycin and SDS killed and detached bacteria in the cores of biofilms. Evidently, our data suggest that a microchannel would be effective for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations in order to test combinatorial effect of drugs and chemicals on a complexed biological system including biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Shin
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
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Bandara HMHN, Herpin MJ, Kolacny D, Harb A, Romanovicz D, Smyth HDC. Incorporation of Farnesol Significantly Increases the Efficacy of Liposomal Ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms in Vitro. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2760-70. [PMID: 27383205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, such as in cystic fibrosis lungs, remains unchanged due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Poor drug penetration into dense P. aeruginosa biofilms plays a vital role in ineffective clearance of the infection. Thus, the current antibiotic therapy against P. aeruginosa biofilms need to be revisited and alternative antibiofilm strategies need to be invented. Fungal quorum sensing molecule (QSM), farnesol, appears to have detrimental effects on P. aeruginosa. Thus, this study aimed to codeliver naturally occurring QSM farnesol, with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a liposomal formulation to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms. Four different liposomes (with ciprofloxacin and farnesol, Lcip+far; with ciprofloxacin, Lcip; with farnesol, Lfar; control, Lcon) were prepared using dehydration-rehydration method and characterized. Drug entrapment and release were evaluated by spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The efficacy of liposomes was assessed using standard biofilm assay. Liposome-treated 24 h P. aeruginosa biofilms were quantitatively assessed by XTT reduction assay and crystal violet assay, and qualitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ciprofloxacin release from liposomes was higher when encapsulated with farnesol (Lcip+far) compared to Lcip (3.06% vs 1.48%), whereas farnesol release was lower when encapsulated with ciprofloxacin (Lcip+far) compared to Lfar (1.81% vs 4.75%). The biofilm metabolism was significantly lower when treated with Lcip+far or Lcip compared to free ciprofloxacin (XTT, P < 0.05). When administered as Lcip+far, the ciprofloxacin concentration required to achieve similar biofilm inhibition was 125-fold or 10-fold lower compared to free ciprofloxacin or Lcip, respectively (P < 0.05). CLSM and TEM confirmed predominant biofilm disruption, greater dead cell ratio, and increased depth of biofilm killing when treated with Lcip+far compared to other liposomal preparations. Thus, codelivery of farnesol and ciprofloxacin is likely to be a promising approach to battle antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa biofilms by enhancing biofilm killing at significantly lower antibiotic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H N Bandara
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - M J Herpin
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - D Kolacny
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - A Harb
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - D Romanovicz
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - H D C Smyth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Rukavina Z, Vanić Ž. Current Trends in Development of Liposomes for Targeting Bacterial Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E18. [PMID: 27231933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm targeting represents a great challenge for effective antimicrobial therapy. Increased biofilm resistance, even with the elevated concentrations of very potent antimicrobial agents, often leads to failed therapeutic outcome. Application of biocompatible nanomicrobials, particularly liposomally-associated nanomicrobials, presents a promising approach for improved drug delivery to bacterial cells and biofilms. Versatile manipulations of liposomal physicochemical properties, such as the bilayer composition, membrane fluidity, size, surface charge and coating, enable development of liposomes with desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This review attempts to provide an unbiased overview of investigations of liposomes destined to treat bacterial biofilms. Different strategies including the recent advancements in liposomal design aiming at eradication of existing biofilms and prevention of biofilm formation, as well as respective limitations, are discussed in more details.
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Solleti VS, Alhariri M, Halwani M, Omri A. Antimicrobial properties of liposomal azithromycin for Pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:784-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gao W, Thamphiwatana S, Angsantikul P, Zhang L. Nanoparticle approaches against bacterial infections. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014; 6:532-47. [PMID: 25044325 PMCID: PMC4197093 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide success of antibiotics, the treatment of bacterial infections still faces significant challenges, particularly the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As a result, nanoparticle drug delivery platforms including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and various inorganic nanoparticles have been increasingly exploited to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of existing antibiotics. This review focuses on areas where nanoparticle approaches hold significant potential to advance the treatment of bacterial infections. These areas include targeted antibiotic delivery, environmentally responsive antibiotic delivery, combinatorial antibiotic delivery, nanoparticle-enabled antibacterial vaccination, and nanoparticle-based bacterial detection. In each area we highlight the innovative antimicrobial nanoparticle platforms and review their progress made against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Alipour M, Suntres ZE. Liposomal antibiotic formulations for targeting the lungs in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:409-27. [PMID: 24856168 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, immunocompromised, and mechanically ventilated patients. The arsenal of conventional antipseudomonal antibiotic drugs include the extended-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, polymyxins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides but their toxicity and/or increasing antibiotic resistance are of particular concern. Improvement of existing therapies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections involves the use of liposomes - artificial phospholipid vesicles that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic and able to entrap and carry hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic molecules to the site of action. The goal of developing liposomal antibiotic formulations is to improve their therapeutic efficacy by reducing drug toxicity and/or by enhancing the delivery and retention of antibiotics at the site of infection. The focus of this review is to appraise the current progress of the development and application of liposomal antibiotic delivery systems for the treatment pulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Forier K, Raemdonck K, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Lipid and polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery to bacterial biofilms. J Control Release 2014; 190:607-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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d'Angelo I, Conte C, La Rotonda MI, Miro A, Quaglia F, Ungaro F. Improving the efficacy of inhaled drugs in cystic fibrosis: challenges and emerging drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:92-111. [PMID: 24842473 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians associated with early death. Although the faulty gene is expressed in epithelia throughout the body, lung disease is still responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality of CF patients. As a local delivery route, pulmonary administration represents an ideal way to treat respiratory infections, excessive inflammation and other manifestations typical of CF lung disease. Nonetheless, important determinants of the clinical outcomes of inhaled drugs are the concentration/permanence at the lungs as well as the ability of the drug to overcome local extracellular and cellular barriers. This review focuses on emerging delivery strategies used for local treatment of CF pulmonary disease. After a brief description of the disease and formulation rules dictated by CF lung barriers, it describes current and future trends in inhaled drugs for CF. The most promising advanced formulations are discussed, highlighting the advantages along with the major challenges for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana d'Angelo
- Di.S.T.A.B.i.F., Second University of Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata La Rotonda
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnese Miro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Hadinoto K, Cheow WS. Nano-antibiotics in chronic lung infection therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:772-85. [PMID: 24656614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic encapsulation into nanoparticle carriers has emerged as a promising inhaled antibiotic formulation for treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Attributed to their prolonged lung retention, sustained antibiotic release, and mucus penetrating ability, antibiotic nanoparticles, or nano-antibiotics in short, can address the principal weakness of inhaled antibiotic solution, i.e. low antibiotic exposure in the vicinity of P. aeruginosa biofilm colonies resulting in diminished anti-pseudomonal efficacy after repeated uses. This review details the current state of development and limitations of the two most widely studied forms of nano-antibiotics, i.e. liposomes and polymer nanoparticles. Factors in their formulation that influence the anti-pseudomonal efficacy in vitro and in vivo, such as liposome's membrane rigidity, surface charge, size, and polymer hydrophobicity, are discussed. This review reveals that the superior anti-pseudomonal efficacy of liposomal antibiotics to free antibiotics has been clearly established when they are correctly formulated, with several liposomal antibiotic formulations are currently undergoing clinical trials. Liposomal antibiotics, nevertheless, are not without limitation due to their weak physicochemical stability. In contrast, only mucus penetrating ability of the more stable polymeric nano-antibiotics has been established, while their anti-pseudomonal efficacy has only been examined in vitro from which their superiority to free antibiotics has not been ascertained. Lastly, future research needs to bring liposome and polymer-based nano-antibiotics closer to their clinical realization are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunn Hadinoto
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Wean Sin Cheow
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomal delivery systems have been utilized in developing effective therapeutics against cancer and targeting microorganisms in and out of host cells and within biofilm community. The most attractive feature of liposome-based drugs are enhancing therapeutic index of the new or existing drugs while minimizing their adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This communication provides an overview on several aspects of liposomal antibiotics including the most widely used preparation techniques for encapsulating different agents and the most important characteristic parameters applied for examining shape, size and stability of the spherical vesicles. In addition, the routes of administration, liposome-cell interactions and host parameters affecting the biodistribution of liposomes are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes are safe and suitable for delivery of variety of molecules and drugs in biomedical research and medicine. They are known to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated agents and reduce drug toxicity. Recent studies on liposomal formulation of chemotherapeutic and bioactive agents and their targeted delivery show liposomal antibiotics potential in the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Laurentian University, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 , Canada +1 705 675 1151 ext. 2190 ; +1 705675 4844 ;
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Alhajlan M, Alhariri M, Omri A. Efficacy and safety of liposomal clarithromycin and its effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2694-704. [PMID: 23545534 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00235-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy and safety of liposomal clarithromycin formulations with different surface charges against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The liposomal clarithromycin formulations were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method, and their sizes were measured using the dynamic-light-scattering technique. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by microbiological assay, and the stabilities of the formulations in biological fluid were evaluated for a period of 48 h. The MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of free and liposomal formulations were determined with P. aeruginosa strains isolated from CF patients. Liposomal clarithromycin activity against biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa was compared to that of free antibiotic using the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD). The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of free and liposomal clarithromycin on bacterial virulence factors and motility on agar were investigated on clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The cytotoxicities of the liposome preparations and free drug were evaluated on a pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549). The average diameter of the formulations was >222 nm, with encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 5.7% to 30.4%. The liposomes retained more than 70% of their drug content during the 48-h time period. The highly resistant strains of P. aeruginosa became susceptible to liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin (MIC, 256 mg/liter versus 8 mg/liter; P < 0.001). Liposomal clarithromycin reduced the bacterial growth within the biofilm by 3 to 4 log units (P < 0.001), significantly attenuated virulence factor production, and reduced bacterial twitching, swarming, and swimming motilities. The clarithromycin-entrapped liposomes were less cytotoxic than the free drug (P < 0.001). These data indicate that our novel formulations could be a useful strategy to enhance the efficacy of clarithromycin against resistant P. aeruginosa strains that commonly affect individuals with cystic fibrosis.
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Abstract
In recent years, the chemical potential of bismuth and bismuth compounds has been actively exploited. Bismuth salts are known for their low toxicity, making them potential valuable reagents for large-scale synthesis, which becomes more obvious when dealing with products such as active pharmaceutical ingredients or synthetic intermediates. Conversely, bismuth compounds have been widely used in medicine. After extensive use in the treatments of syphilis and other bacterial infections before the advent of modern antibiotics, bismuth compounds remain important for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders and also exhibit antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic activity, among others. This review updates relevant advances in the past few years, concerning the application of bismuth reagents and catalysts in innovative synthetic processes for the preparation of compounds of medicinal interest, as well as the preparation, biological evaluation and potential medicinal uses of bismuth compounds.
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Alhariri M, Omri A. Efficacy of liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin after intratracheal administration in rats with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:569-78. [PMID: 23147741 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01634-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate alterations in quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone secretion and in the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, as well as the in vivo antimicrobial activity of bismuth-ethanedithiol incorporated into a liposome-loaded tobramycin formulation (LipoBiEDT-TOB) administered to rats chronically infected with P. aeruginosa. The quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone was monitored by using a biosensor organism. P. aeruginosa virulence factors were assessed spectrophotometrically. An agar beads model of chronic Pseudomonas lung infection in rats was used to evaluate the efficacy of the liposomal formulation in the reduction of bacterial count. The levels of active tobramycin in the lungs and the kidneys were evaluated by microbiological assay. LipoBiEDT-TOB was effective in disrupting both quorum-sensing signal molecules N-3-oxo-dodeccanoylhomoserine lactone and N-butanoylhomoserine lactone, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) reducing lipase, chitinase, and protease production. At 24 h after 3 treatments, the CFU counts in lungs of animals treated with LipoBiEDT-TOB were of 3 log(10) CFU/lung, comparated to 7.4 and 4.7 log(10) CFU/lung, respectively, in untreated lungs and in lungs treated with free antibiotic. The antibiotic concentration after the last dose of LipoBiEDT-TOB was 25.1 μg/lung, while no tobramycin was detected in the kidneys. As for the free antibiotic, we found 6.5 μg/kidney but could not detect any tobramycin in the lungs. Taken together, LipoBiEDT-TOB reduced the production of quorum-sensing molecules and virulence factors and could highly improve the management of chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Alipour M, Dorval C, Suntres ZE, Omri A. Bismuth-ethanedithiol incorporated in a liposome-loaded tobramycin formulation modulates the alginate levels in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:999-1007. [PMID: 21718282 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the antibacterial activity, alginate modulation, and deposition of a tobramycin bismuth-ethanedithiol (Tob-Bi) conventional (free) or vesicle-entrapped (lipo) formulation against two mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. METHODS The inhibitory, bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations (in presence or absence of alginate lyase) were determined. The modulation of alginate was assessed by the carbazole assay and fluorescent-labelling of live alginate-producing biofilms by confocal microscopy. The deposition of the formulations was assessed using the immunogold-labelling technique, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced in all strains by 2- to 8-fold, and 2- to 32-fold, respectively. The biofilm eradication concentrations for lipo Tob-Bi compared with free Tob-Bi were reduced by 4- to 32-fold in the mucoid strains. The addition of alginate lyase transiently enhanced eradication for one mucoid strain only. The alginate levels were attenuated by more than half, and free Tob-Bi fared better than lipo Tob-Bi determined by the carbazole assay. Under confocal microscopy, alginate lyase reduced alginate levels and detached mucoid biofilms. Free and lipo Tob-Bi did not detach the bacteria from the surface, but attenuated alginate levels. Tobramycin was detected by immunogold-labelling inside the bacterium, but EDS did not detect bismuth deposits. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantiate a role in which tobramycin, bismuth, and alginate lyase play in eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa growth and modulate alginate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury Medical Sciences Division, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Drulis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A. Liposomes as delivery systems for antibiotics. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:187-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Lafrenie RM, Omri A. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors and biofilms by co-encapsulation of bismuth-ethanedithiol with tobramycin in liposomes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:684-93. [PMID: 20159770 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the activities of tobramycin and bismuth against quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by co-encapsulating the agents in liposomes in order to achieve greater delivery of the agents. METHODS The inhibitory effects of the agents, in either their conventional (free) or vesicle-entrapped (liposomal) formulations, were assessed by measuring the changes in the quorum-sensing signal molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone, pyoverdine, pyocyanin, elastase, protease, chitinase, bacterial attachment and biofilms in vitro. RESULTS The effectiveness of tobramycin and bismuth was superior when they were co-administered as a liposomal formulation as measured by their ability to attenuate the production of N-acyl homoserine lactone, elastase (P < 0.01), protease (P < 0.05) and chitinase (P < 0.01). In the presence of non-lethal concentrations of free and liposomal tobramycin and bismuth, bacterial attachment was attenuated. Biofilm formation was also attenuated with free tobramycin and bismuth, yet, in the presence of liposomal tobramycin and bismuth, biofilm complexes could form but contained mostly dead bacteria. When established biofilms were treated with higher concentrations, free tobramycin and bismuth killed and detached bacteria, while the liposomal tobramycin and bismuth penetrated and killed bacteria in the cores of the biofilms. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that treatment of P. aeruginosa with tobramycin and bismuth, as measured by the changes in quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilms, is most effective when delivered as a liposomal formulation at a lower concentration compared with the free formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
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Halwani M, Hebert S, Suntres ZE, Lafrenie RM, Azghani AO, Omri A. Bismuth–thiol incorporation enhances biological activities of liposomal tobramycin against bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing molecules production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Halwani M, Yebio B, Suntres ZE, Alipour M, Azghani AO, Omri A. Co-encapsulation of gallium with gentamicin in liposomes enhances antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:1291-7. [PMID: 18931388 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of a liposomal gentamicin formulation with gallium metal (Lipo-Ga-GEN) against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Sputum isolates of P. aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients were used to determine the MIC and MBC of Lipo-Ga-GEN. P. aeruginosa biofilms were formed and used to compare the minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the conventional drugs with that of Lipo-Ga-GEN. Quorum sensing (QS) molecule reduction of P. aeruginosa was determined by monitoring N-acyl homoserine lactone production using Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain (A136). Viability of the cultured human lung epithelial cells (A549) was determined by Trypan Blue assay in order to assess Ga toxicity. RESULTS MIC and MBC values indicated that gentamicin was more effective against a highly resistant strain of P. aeruginosa (PA-48913) when delivered as a Lipo-Ga-GEN formulation (256 mg/L free gentamicin versus 2 mg/L Lipo-Ga-GEN). Lipo-Ga-GEN was the only formulation that completely eradicated biofilms and blocked QS molecules at a very low concentration (0.94 mg/L gentamicin). The decrease in cell viability was less in A549 cells exposed to Lipo-Ga, suggesting that encapsulated Ga is safer. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate that the Lipo-Ga-GEN formulation is more effective than gentamicin alone in eradicating antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates growing in a planktonic or biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halwani
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
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