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Pal B, Mishra AK, Raj H, Chaudhary V, Khurana N, Azharuddin M, Kumari S. Serum Zinc Level and Efficacy of Zinc Therapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1856-1865. [PMID: 37535217 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic skin disease prevalent in many parts of the world. Zinc has been investigated for its potential role in the immune response against Leishmania parasites. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and conduct meta-analyses to evaluate the serum zinc level and efficacy of zinc therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed to find studies reporting serum zinc levels and the efficacy of zinc therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan software (version 5.4), calculating the mean difference for serum zinc levels and risk ratio for the efficacy of zinc therapy. A total of 11 studies with 1009 participants were evaluated. Five of these studies, comprising 637 participants, examined serum zinc levels; the remaining six, involving 372 individuals, examined the effectiveness of zinc therapy in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results showed that the serum zinc level was significantly lower in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients compared to controls (MD: - 26.65; 95% CI: [- 42.74, - 10.57]; p = 0.001). However, zinc therapy did not demonstrate a significant clinical improvement compared to standard treatment (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: [0.74, 1.23], p = 0.73).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Harsh Raj
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vaibhav Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mohammad Azharuddin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Matas Riera M, Cardenas Nadal M, Martínez-Sogues L, Ferrer L. Unilateral keratitis secondary to Leishmania spp. infection in a horse: Clinical signs and successful topical therapy. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:86-89. [PMID: 37489904 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Dermatological clinical signs have been seldom reported in the literature secondary to equine leishmaniasis. This case depicts the clinical signs, treatment, and outcome of a young horse with a pink, elevated lesion on the ventromedial quadrant of the cornea. A corneal cytology was performed and revealed the presence of leishmania amastigotes reaching the diagnosis of keratitis secondary to leishmania. Surgical resection was recommended but the owner declined the procedure, and the lesion was treated with a topical antimonial for 6 weeks. The lesion reduced remarkably during the first weeks of treatment. The patient had not shown recurrence of the lesion for 2 years since the treatment was started. Leishmania spp. can be responsible for ocular surface abnormalities such as keratitis. Corneal cytology is an inexpensive diagnostic method that should be considered when ocular surface abnormalities are identified in horses in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Martínez-Sogues
- Veterinary Clinical Pathologist at Idexx, Westbrook Maine Laboratories, Virtual Clinical Pathologist, Spain
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Lagos KJ, García D, Cuadrado CF, de Souza LM, Mezzacappo NF, da Silva AP, Inada N, Bagnato V, Romero MP. Carbon dots: Types, preparation, and their boosted antibacterial activity by photoactivation. Current status and future perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1887. [PMID: 37100045 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) correspond to carbon-based materials (CBM) with sizes usually below 10 nm. These nanomaterials exhibit attractive properties such us low toxicity, good stability, and high conductivity, which have promoted their thorough study over the past two decades. The current review describes four types of CDs: carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymers dots (CPDs), together with the state of the art of the main routes for their preparation, either by "top-down" or "bottom-up" approaches. Moreover, among the various usages of CDs within biomedicine, we have focused on their application as a novel class of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, concretely, owing their photoactivation capability that triggers an enhanced antibacterial property. Our work presents the recent advances in this field addressing CDs, their composites and hybrids, applied as photosensitizers (PS), and photothermal agents (PA) within antibacterial strategies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and synchronic PDT/PTT. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for the possible future development of large-scale preparation of CDs, and the potential for these nanomaterials to be employed in applications to combat other pathogens harmful to human health. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Lagos
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
| | - David García
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
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Ozlem-Caliskan S, Ilikci-Sagkan R, Karakas H, Sever S, Yildirim C, Balikci M, Ertabaklar H. Efficacy of malachite green mediated photodynamic therapy on treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: In vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103111. [PMID: 36075521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a common zoonotic disease that is transmitted by phlebotomus and causes several clinical conditions, from self healing lesion to deadly internal organ involvement. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment method that leads to the generation of cytotoxic species and consequently to cell death and tissue destruction by visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer and oxygen. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of malachite green (MG)-mediated PDT in Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) promastigotes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Parasites were incubated with 0.19, 0.39, 1.56, 3.25 and 6.25 μM of MG for one hour and subjected to 46.4 J/cm2 light irradiation. Trypan blue assay was used to evaluate the viability of the cells and mitochondirial activity alteration was determined by MTT. Morphological changes were analyzed by Giemsa staining and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the fluorescence emitted by cell volume, JC-1, Cell Cycle and Annexin V/PI staining reagents. RESULTS Malachite green mediated photodynamic therapy at 1.56 and 3.125 μM decreased the viability of the L. tropica promastigotes and induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. L.tropica promastigotes was bloked in G0/G1 phase. The morphology of the parasite was affected at the 1.56 and 3.125 μM MG+PDT, resulting in rounded cells with loss of flagellum and irregular shape. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that antileishmanial effects through mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis-like cell death to parasites. This work showed PDT with MG effectedparasites. Therefore, MG-mediated PDT may provide a promising approach for L. tropica promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahsan Ilikci-Sagkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Hatice Karakas
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Sever
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Cansu Yildirim
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Misra Balikci
- Faculty of Medicine, Student at Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Tawfeeq HM, Ali SA. Highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction to improve the detection of Leishmania species in clinical specimens. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:754-763. [PMID: 36091274 PMCID: PMC9458810 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases and an important health problem in many countries. It is an endemic disease in most regions of Iraq, while being non-endemic in the Kurdistan Region. The techniques frequently used for detection of CL are not very sensitive. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a sensitive method for diagnosis of CL in clinical samples. The present study was performed in December 2019 to December 2020 in Kalar General Hospital. Clinical samples were collected from 85 suspected CL cases. Sixty-four (75.29%), 71 (83.53%) and 84 (98.82%) cases were detected as positive for CL by microscopy, PCR, and nested PCR, respectively. Of the 84 nested PCR-confirmed CL patients, 46 (54.8%) were female and 38 (45.2%) were male. The most predominate rate of infection was in the 30-39-year age group (29.76%) and the lowest was in the ≥ 60-year group (3.57%). Forty (47.62%) patients had a single lesion. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between age groups and between the number of lesions. The sensitivities of microscopy, conventional PCR, and nested PCR were 80.77%, 86.6% and 100%, respectively, while all three methods showed 100% specificity. Furthermore, PCR-ITS1 followed by a simple restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using HaeIII endonuclease indicated that Leishmania major was responsible for all CL infections in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohammad Tawfeeq
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Shahnaz AbdulKader Ali
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region Iraq
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Eight-Year Trend Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in West Amhara Region Referred to Amhara Public Health Institute Northwest, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6562092. [PMID: 36046459 PMCID: PMC9423996 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6562092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a continually spreading health problem in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Despite this, up- to-date information on referral laboratory facility has been not yet reported. Therefore, this study was aimed at reporting up-to-date information about eight year’s cutaneous leishmaniasis trend status. Data on referred cases from 2013 to 2020 were collected at Amhara Public Health Institute Parasitology department by reviewing log book. Of the 243 suspected cases, 114 (46.9%) were positive (confirmed) with microscope and cultured results showed that most of them were negatives. Most of the suspected cases were from 16 to 30 years and males by age and sex, respectively. Trend status by year depicted that largest numbers of suspected and confirmed cases were reported in 2013, 2015, and 2019 years. Finally, the trend status by zone showed that most cases were reported from South Gondar and Awi zones, respectively.
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Treatment outcome of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis among travellers and migrants infected with Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: a retrospective study in European centres 2013 to 2019. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:375-381. [PMID: 35728749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Asia, Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. We describe and evaluate the treatment outcome of CL among travellers and migrants in Europe. METHODS A retrospective study of parasitological confirmed CL cases caused by L. major and L. tropica during 2013-2019 in Europe. Data were collected from medical records and databases within the LeishMan network. RESULTS Out of 206 included cases of CL, seventy-five were identified as L. major and 131 as L. tropica. Eighty percent of the patients with L. tropica infection were migrants, whereas 53 % of patients with L. major infection had been visiting friends and relatives. Among patients with L. tropica, 48 %, were younger than 15. Pentavalent antimony cured 73 % (L. major) and 78 % (L. tropica). Intralesional administration had a cure rate, 86 % and systemic, 67%, on L. tropica. Liposomal amphotericin B had a cure rate of 44-63 %. CONCLUSION L. major infections were mostly found in individuals visiting friends and relatives, whereas L. tropica were mainly identified in migrants. No patients with L. major relapsed. Pentavalent antimony, liposomal amphotericin B and cryotherapy had cure rates in accordance with previous studies.
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8
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Tegegne B, Yimer M, G/Eyesus T, Ayal A, Yimer M. Short reports on cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak investigation in Ankesha-Guagsa district, Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia. Trop Doct 2021; 52:131-133. [PMID: 34894873 DOI: 10.1177/00494755211055252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is spreading in Ethiopia and outbreaks have been recorded at new foci. In the Ankesha-Guagsa district, from September 24 to 28, 2020, 39 suspected cases were screened, and amastigote stages were identified in lesion samples of 34 (87.2%) cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mekonnen Yimer
- 247366Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alie Ayal
- 247366Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Yimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 128158Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Shaheen N, Verma C, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Volpedo G, Hamid A, Zeb I, Shah SAA, Fahad S, Iqbal A, Ashraf A, Khan A, Gul M, Khan MI, Fatima H, Afzal M, Satoskar AR, Qureshi NA. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of cutaneous leishmaniasis from North Eastern Pakistan. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105964. [PMID: 34023304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Leishmania spp. in North Eastern Pakistan remains undetermined despite increased cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study was designed to decipher the molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Leishmania spp. in North Eastern Pakistan. Out of 13761 CL suspected cases, 567 cases were microscopically positive and confirmed as Leishmania spp. by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene amplification through the PCR- RFLP technique. Further, isolates were directly sequenced to conduct phylogenetic analysis for genetic diversity. Among suspected CL cases, Mirpur showed the highest proportion of CL infection with 4.85% (118/2431) of the cases, while the Neelum district showed the lowest percentage at 3.29% (9/273). The slide positivity rate, annual blood examination rate, and annual parasite incidence rate were 3.84, 0.27, and 0.01% respectively, and the incidence of CL in the age group 1-20 years old was higher in males (50.92%) than females (25.75%). The RFLP analysis and sequencing confirmed the occurrence of Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, and Leishmania infantum. Leishmania tropica (p = 0.02) confirmed significantly higher nucleotides variation than L. major (p = 0.05). Current findings confirmed the prior assumption that anthroponotic CL is the primary CL form present in North Eastern Pakistan. Moreover, this is the first report based on molecular identification of L. major, and L. infantum from North Eastern Pakistan. This remarkable heterogeneity in the Leishmania spp. is the leading cause of treatment failure and emergence of new haplotypes. Therefore more extensive investigations are recommended from all geographical regions of North Eastern Pakistan, especially those using a large sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Shaheen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Aneeqa Hamid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Zeb
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Attiya Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science,University of lakki marwat 28420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Gul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Khan
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Naveeda Akhter Qureshi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Talas J, Mielcarek K, Wu J, Brunner M, Steinhoff M, Zouboulis CC. [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Germany-still a travel-related disease]. Hautarzt 2021; 73:146-151. [PMID: 34459942 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by several Leishmania species. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of the infected female phlebotomus sandfly. Today, more than 1 billion people in leishmaniasis endemic areas are at risk of infection. More than 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis occur every year. On the basis of two cases, we show that cutaneous leishmaniasis is still an imported tropical disease in Germany. However, due to the increasing intercontinental travel, cases may increase. Therefore, cutaneous leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with nonhealing wounds, ulcers, papules or nodules and the corresponding travel history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joud Talas
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland
| | - Katarzyna Mielcarek
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jim Wu
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland
| | - Martina Brunner
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Steinhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane und Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland. .,Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Khan BA, Asmat Y, Khan TH, Qayum M, Alshahrani SM, Khan MK. Novel Insight into Potential Leishmanicidal Activities of Transdermal Patches of Nigella Sativa: Formulation Development, Physical Characterizations, and In vitro/ In vivo Assays. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:339-349. [PMID: 34182792 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common type of Leishmaniasis, which annually affects 1.5 million people worldwide. About 90% of cases are reported from countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the present study was to fabricate transdermal patches of Nigella sativa (NS), characterize, and to check its in vitro/in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity. Hydroalcoholic extract was analyzed for preliminary phytochemicals. Five formulations of transdermal patches (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4, and NS5) were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation NS5 was characterized for Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), smoothness, brittleness, clarity, thickness, folding endurance, uniformity of weight, percent moisture content, in vitro drug release, release kinetics, ex vivo drug permeation, and in vitro anti-Lieshmanial activity. In vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was assessed in 30 patients (n = 30) suffering from CL. The FTIR studies showed no incompatibility among the active extract and polymers. In vitro anti-Lieshmanial assay was 194.6% ± 1.88% as compared with standard drug (p > 0.05) and in vivo anti-Lieshmanial activity was 75%. The drug release after 24 h was 87.0% ± 0.94% in NS5, which showed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism while drug permeation across rabbit skin after 24 h was up to 80.0% ± 0.91%. The results concluded that problems related to the parenteral medications used for Lieshmanial treatment can be managed by applying extract of NS seeds in the form of transdermal patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkat Ali Khan
- Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Asmat
- Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Hayat Khan
- Department of Emergency, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mughal Qayum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Khalid Khan
- Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Are Nanobiosensors an Improved Solution for Diagnosis of Leishmania? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040491. [PMID: 33916812 PMCID: PMC8066167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases affecting 12–15 million people worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease is important for its adequate management and treatment. Several techniques are available for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Among these, parasitological and immunological tests are most widely used. However, in most cases, the utilized diagnostic techniques are not good enough, showing cross-reactivity and reduced accuracy. In recent years, many new methods have been reported with potential for improved diagnosis. This review focuses on the diagnosis of Leishmania exploring the biosensors and nanotechnology-based options for their detection. New developments including the use of nanomaterials as fluorophores, fluorescence quenchers as reducing agents and as dendrimers for signal improvement and amplification, together with the use of aptamers to replace antibodies are described. Future research opportunities to overcome the current limitations on the available diagnostic approaches are also discussed.
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Khan A, Sajid R, Gul S, Hussain A, Zehri MT, Naz S, Simsek S, Waseem S, Afzal MS, Naqvi SKUH, Qasim M, Ahmed H. Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. Parasitology 2021; 148:591-597. [PMID: 33353570 PMCID: PMC10950375 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is considered a neglected tropical disease which in Pakistan can now be considered as a growing public health problem. The exact figures on the magnitude of the disease are lacking both at the national and regional level and only a few health centres are available for diagnosis of CL. The present study was designed to identify the epidemiology of CL infection from August 2018 to December 2019 and to assess clinical aspects of CL in Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. A total of 4072 clinically suspected CL cases were analysed statistically. The highest number of CL cases were reported in May, followed by April, January and then July, February and June and the lowest number of cases were observed in March and November. The highest prevalence rate was found in males where 38% of reported cases were aged 0-9 years. The majority (24.4%) of lesions were found on the hands followed by the face in which cheeks, ears and nose were the effected organs. About 50% of the participants have single lesion while 14% of the participants had two and nearly 3% of the participants have six lesions. The atypical clinical presentations were observed in Baluchistan and common unusual presentations were lupus erythematosus. The study findings suggest that more epidemiological studies and health education campaigns are needed for the population awareness regarding CL in Baluchistan. It is recommended that risk factors should be evaluated to establish control and management strategies to prevent disease at the individual and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rawan Sajid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Gul
- Department of histopathology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Alpha Genomics Pvt. Ltd. Plot 4-C, Danyal Plaza, Block A, Main Double Road, PWD, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Economics, Finance and Statistics, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kamdem BP, Elizabeth FI. The Role of Nitro (NO 2-), Chloro (Cl), and Fluoro (F) Substitution in the Design of Antileishmanial and Antichagasic Compounds. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:379-398. [PMID: 33371845 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201228122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are responsible for over 500,000 deaths annually and are characterized by multiple disabilities. Leishmaniasis and Chagas diseases are among the most severe NTDs, and are caused by the Leishmania sp and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. Glucantime, pentamidine, and miltefosine are commonly used to treat leishmaniasis, whereas nifurtimox, benznidazole are current treatments for Chagas disease. However, these treatments are associated with drug resistance and severe side effects. Hence, the development of synthetic products, especially those containing N02, F, or Cl, are known to improve biological activity. The present work summarizes the information on the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of nitro-, chloro-, and fluorosynthetic derivatives. Scientific publications referring to halogenated derivatives in relation to antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities were hand-searched in databases such as SciFinder, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ACS, Springer, Scielo, and so on. According to the literature information, more than 90 compounds were predicted as lead molecules with reference to their IC50/EC50 values in in vitro studies. It is worth mentioning that only active compounds with known cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells were considered in the present study. The observed activity was attributed to the presence of nitro-, fluoro-, and chloro-groups in the compound backbone. All in all, nitro and halogenated derivatives are active antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal compounds and can serve as the baseline for the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. However, efforts in in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies of the active synthetic compounds is still needed. Pharmacokinetic studies and the mechanism of action of the promising compounds need to be explored. The use of new catalysts and chemical transformation can afford unexplored halogenated compounds with improved antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface P Kamdem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferreira I Elizabeth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Lesiones cutáneas en un mundo globalizado. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 39:151-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Epidemiology, clinical pattern and impact of species-specific molecular diagnosis on management of leishmaniasis in Belgium, 2010-2018: A retrospective study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 38:101885. [PMID: 32977026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species-directed therapy of leishmaniasis has been recommended for travelers since 2014, but little is known about species distribution and treatment practices in non-endemic countries. We aimed to describe leishmaniasis cases in Belgium since species typing became available and evaluate its impact on patient management. METHOD Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed by PCR at our national reference laboratory from 2010 to 2018. Species were typed by Hsp-70 sequencing. RESULTS We identified 18 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 147 (muco)cutaneous leishmaniasis ((M)CL) cases. VL was exclusively due to L. infantum and consistently treated with liposomal amphotericin B, with four observed failures. (M)CL was caused by ten different species. Of 62 cases diagnosed and species typed after 2014 with timing information, 28 (45.2%) were treated before the species result was available. Therapy was not species-directed in 10/32(28.1%) of those treated after species identification. Patients treated according to the guidelines tended to have a favorable outcome more often than those who were not (36/44, 81.8% versus 8/19, 57.9%; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to VL, various species caused (M)CL in our setting and species result was often not considered for treatment. Outcome tended to be better however when therapy was species-directed.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Potent Antileishmanial Methionine Aminopeptidase 1 Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01422-19. [PMID: 32179532 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01422-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). No human vaccine is available for CL, and current drug regimens present several drawbacks, such as emerging resistance, severe toxicity, medium effectiveness, and/or high cost. Thus, the need for better treatment options against CL is a priority. In the present study, we validate the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 1 of L. major (MetAP1Lm), a metalloprotease that catalyzes the removal of N-terminal methionine from peptides and proteins, as a chemotherapeutic target against CL infection. The in vitro antileishmanial activities of eight novel MetAP1 inhibitors (OJT001 to OJT008) were investigated. Three compounds, OJT006, OJT007, and OJT008, demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects in macrophages infected with L. major amastigotes and promastigotes at submicromolar concentrations, with no cytotoxicity against host cells. Importantly, the leishmanicidal effect in transgenic L. major promastigotes overexpressing MetAP1Lm was diminished by almost 10-fold in comparison to the effect in wild-type promastigotes. Furthermore, the in vivo activities of OJT006, OJT007, and OJT008 were investigated in L. major-infected BALB/c mice. In comparison to the footpad parasite load in the control group, OJT008 decreased the footpad parasite load significantly, by 86%, and exhibited no toxicity in treated mice. We propose MetAP1 inhibitor OJT008 as a potential chemotherapeutic candidate against CL infection caused by L. major infection.
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18
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Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives against Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01772-19. [PMID: 31871082 PMCID: PMC7038302 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01772-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for safe, efficacious, affordable, and field-adapted drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which newly affects around 1.5 million people worldwide annually. Chitosan, a biodegradable cationic polysaccharide, has previously been reported to have antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and immunostimulatory activities. There is an urgent need for safe, efficacious, affordable, and field-adapted drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which newly affects around 1.5 million people worldwide annually. Chitosan, a biodegradable cationic polysaccharide, has previously been reported to have antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and immunostimulatory activities. We investigated the in vitro activity of chitosan and several of its derivatives and showed that the pH of the culture medium plays a critical role in antileishmanial activity of chitosan against both extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana. Chitosan and its derivatives were approximately 7 to 20 times more active at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.5, with high-molecular-weight chitosan being the most potent. High-molecular-weight chitosan stimulated the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species by uninfected and Leishmania-infected macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner at pH 6.5. Despite the in vitro activation of bone marrow macrophages by chitosan to produce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, we showed that the antileishmanial activity of chitosan was not mediated by these metabolites. Finally, we showed that rhodamine-labeled chitosan is taken up by pinocytosis and accumulates in the parasitophorous vacuole of Leishmania-infected macrophages.
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Goswami P, Ghiya BC, Kumar V, Rekha S, Mehta RD. Comparison of Efficacy of Two Different Concentrations of Intralesional Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:627-631. [PMID: 31807440 PMCID: PMC6859770 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_470_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. Bikaner is an endemic pocket for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of intralesional amphotericin B as a treatment modality for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India from January 2016 to June 2017. Fifty patients were randomized into two groups, A and B. Twenty-five patients from group A, received intralesionl amphotericin B (2.5 mg/ml) 0.5 ml/cm2, weekly for 8 weeks. Another group of 25 patients were treated by intralesional amphotericin B (5.0 mg/ml) weekly for same period. The cases were followed-up for response, side effects, and recurrence of disease. Results: The results at the end of 8 weeks, showed complete response in 18 (72%) patients, partial response in 5 (20%) and 2 (8%) patients were non responders in group A. In group B, complete response was observed in 14 (56%), partial response in 7 (28%) patients and 4 (16%) patients did not show response. The difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). No side effects were observed in both groups. Conclusion: The difference between the efficacy of 5 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml concentrations of Amphotericin B injections was found to be statistically insignificant. So, weekly injections of amphotericin B looks promising, however, larger sample size is required to assess the efficacy of both concentrations in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Goswami
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - B C Ghiya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Rekha
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - R D Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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20
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McIlwee BE, Weis SE, Hosler GA. Incidence of Endemic Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the United States. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 154:1032-1039. [PMID: 30046836 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Leishmaniasis is recognized as an endemic human disease in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. Yet despite case reports of endemic human leishmaniasis in the United States, and well-documented occurrences of disease in various animal vectors and reservoirs, the endemicity of leishmaniasis in North America has not yet been established. Moreover, leishmaniasis is not a federally reportable disease in the United States. Clinical awareness of endemic disease therefore remains low, with North American physicians considering leishmaniasis a tropical disease. Objective To assess the endemicity of human leishmaniasis in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional multicenter observational study reviewed cases of human leishmaniasis occurring in the United States from 2007 through 2017. Previously diagnosed, deidentified cases of leishmaniasis were reported by the institutions of the authors and acknowledged contributors, as well as the Texas Department of State Health Services. Cases of leishmaniasis were identified by searching by disease name (leishmaniasis) or International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revisions diagnosis codes in the respective laboratory information systems. Exposures Via examination of deidentified demographics, cases of leishmaniasis were classified as one of the following: (1) documentation of no history of travel outside of the United States within 10 years; (2) positive history of travel outside of the United States within 10 years; or (3) unknown or no documentation of travel history. Main Outcomes and Measures Cases of leishmaniasis were considered endemic if identified in patients with documentation of no travel history outside of the United States within 10 years. Results Of the 69 novel cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis identified in this study, 41 (59%) were endemic; the median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 3-89 years), and 28 (68%) of the endemic cases occurred in female patients. Twenty-two (32%) cases had documentation of Leishmania speciation performed by polymerase chain reaction, and in 100% of these cases the infectious organism was identified as Leishmania mexicana. Conclusions and Relevance Human cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in the United States, and, at least regionally, is acquired endemically more frequently than it is via travel. Our data argue in favor of making leishmaniasis a federally reportable disease and may have substantial implications on North American public health initiatives, with climate models predicting the number of citizens exposed to leishmaniasis will double by 2080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E McIlwee
- ProPath, Dallas, Texas.,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Stephen E Weis
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Gregory A Hosler
- ProPath, Dallas, Texas.,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Bilgic-Temel A, Murrell DF, Uzun S. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: A neglected disfiguring disease for women. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:158-165. [PMID: 31360749 PMCID: PMC6637076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of eight neglected tropical diseases currently endemic in 102 countries/areas around the world. In recent years, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been increasingly observed among migrants, travelers, ecotourists, and military personnel. Because of its great capacity to mimic other dermatoses, CL is one of the great imitators and can mislead practitioners, which can result in untreated lesions that cause scars. CL is a disfiguring disease, especially for women, and often leaves scars on visible body sites, causing psychological, social, and economic problems. CS is a challenge, especially in nonendemic regions, such as Australia, because experience with diagnosis and management of the disease is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Bilgic-Temel
- St. George Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dedee F. Murrell
- St. George Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Soner Uzun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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22
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Moraes Neto RN, Setúbal RFB, Higino TMM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, da Silva LCN, Aliança ASDS. Asteraceae Plants as Sources of Compounds Against Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 31156427 PMCID: PMC6530400 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause great impact on social and economic aspects of people living in developing countries. The treatments for these diseases are based on the same regimen for over 40 years, thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs. In this scenario, Asteraceae plants (a family widely used in folk medicine worldwide) are emerging as an interesting source for new trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds. Herein, we provide a non-exhaustive review about the activity of plant-derived products from Asteraceae with inhibitory action toward Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi. Special attention was given to those studies aiming the isolation (or identification) of the bioactive compounds. Ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid (Baccharis uncinella DC.) were efficient to treat experimental leishmaniasis; while deoxymikanolide (Mikania micrantha) and (+)-15-hydroxy-labd-7-en-17-al (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) showed in vivo anti-T. cruzi action. It is also important to highlight that several plant-derived products (compounds, essential oils) from Artemisia plants have shown high inhibitory potential against Leishmania spp., such as artemisinin and its derivatives. In summary, these compounds may help the development of new effective agents against these neglected diseases.
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Mehwish S, Islam A, Ullah I, Wakeel A, Qasim M, Khan MA, Ahmad A, Ullah N. In vitro antileishmanial and antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of extracts from selected medicinally important plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Fidalgo LM. Essential Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides as a Promising Antileishmanial Agent. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides has been used traditionally against parasitic diseases. The essential oil of the plant is a complex mixture of compounds with a rich structural diversity. This review focuses on recent evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides as a promising antileishmanial agent. The tested product showed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and L. donovani. An optimal dose of 30 mg/Kg was effective by intraperitoneal and oral routes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. The chenopodium oil had a moderate toxicity against peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice and no side effects were detected in animals treated by the oral route. Isolates of L. amazonensis from treated mice were susceptible to the essential oil. Synergic effects were observed when the essential oil was incubated in conjunction with pentamidine on L. amazonensis promastigote cultures. Future studies focusing on formulation, toxicity and mechanism of action may help in the development of chenopodium oil as a new antileishmanial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote Fidalgo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”. Apartado Postal No. 601, Marianao 13, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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25
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Makeen HA, Buraik MA, Menachery SJ, Alattas KM, Meraya AM. Evaluation of the Interventional Approaches in the Management of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jazan: An Observational Study. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:575-580. [PMID: 33911481 PMCID: PMC7992491 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical infection of public health importance. Numerous treatment approaches are in practice with variable degree of success however its management has no universal consensus or practice guidelines to follow. Objective Analyze the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis retrospectively at a central hospital of Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to identify the current treatment pattern and compare the outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the hospital records of patients who attended the dermatology clinic for cutaneous leishmaniasis during the year 2012 to 2015. Results Forty three patients were included in the study. There was a male preponderance (65.1%) among the patients and 60.5% of them were of pediatric age group. Monotherapy was the initial choice for 58.1% of the patients. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SS-IL) was the most preferred treatment for initial therapy, as monotherapy and as part of combination therapy. A complete response was achieved in 22 patients (51.2%) with initial therapy. Among the different treatment groups, SS-IL+itraconazole showed significantly higher complete response rate compared to other treatments offered as initial therapy (p<0.01). Initial SS-IL monotherapy provided complete response in 41.2% patients receiving it, while itraconazole monotherapy provided complete response in 75% and 90.9% of the patients receiving initial itraconazole+SS-IL combination therapy with achieved complete response. Conclusion The findings and observations suggest that initial combination therapy with SS-IL+itraconazole significantly improved the complete response rates and thus reduced the need for additional or prolonged therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Buraik
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid M Alattas
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Koral E, Lautenschlager S. [CME Dermatology 17/Answer: Chronic Ulcer: Infection, Skin Tumor or Travel-Associated?]. PRAXIS 2018; 107:1059-1060. [PMID: 30227801 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Koral
- 1 Dermatologisches Ambulatorium des Stadtspitals Triemli, Zürich
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Liposomal amphotericin B treatment of Old World cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis: A literature review. Acta Trop 2018; 182:246-250. [PMID: 29550282 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old World cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis is a potentially serious disease. Systemic treatment approaches with pentavalent antimonials, liposomal amphotericin B, fluconazole and miltefosine are increasingly used despite the absence of supportive evidence - to date, no prospective clinical trials have been conducted for systemic treatment of these diseases. We performed a literature search to delineate the contemporary evidence for the use of liposomal amphotericin B, and found that although cure rates of 17/20 (85%) were achieved in immune competent patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis and cure rates of 10/13 (77%) for Old World mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. infantum, the available data is highly limited with high variation in total treatment dosages. The presented findings reflect a lack of consensus on the optimal treatment dosage and on the schedule of application.
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28
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Uzun S, Gürel MS, Durdu M, Akyol M, Fettahlıoğlu Karaman B, Aksoy M, Aytekin S, Borlu M, İnan Doğan E, Doğramacı ÇA, Kapıcıoğlu Y, Akman-Karakaş A, Kaya Tİ, Mülayim MK, Özbel Y, Özensoy Töz S, Özgöztaşı O, Yeşilova Y, Harman M. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:973-982. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soner Uzun
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Mehmet S. Gürel
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Medeniyet University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Murat Durdu
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Başkent University; Adana Turkey
| | - Melih Akyol
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Aksoy
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Harran University; Şanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Sema Aytekin
- Department of Dermatology; Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Murat Borlu
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - Esra İnan Doğan
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Adıyaman University; Adıyaman Turkey
| | | | - Yelda Kapıcıoğlu
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; İnönü University; Malatya Turkey
| | - Ayşe Akman-Karakaş
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Tamer İ. Kaya
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Mersin University; Mersin Turkey
| | - Mehmet K. Mülayim
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Sütçü İmam University; KahramanmaraŞ Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özbel
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Seray Özensoy Töz
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Orhan Özgöztaşı
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yeşilova
- Department of Dermatology; Lokman Hekim Hospital; Van Turkey
| | - Mehmet Harman
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Dicle University; Diyarbakır Turkey
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Patiño-Márquez IA, Patiño-González E, Hernández-Villa L, Ortíz-Reyes B, Manrique-Moreno M. Identification and evaluation of Galleria mellonella peptides with antileishmanial activity. Anal Biochem 2018; 546:35-42. [PMID: 29409865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease, World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as high priority worldwide. Colombia is one of the 98 countries in which the disease caused more than 17.000 cases per year. There is a need to explore novel therapies to reduce the side effects of the current treatments. For this reason, this study was aimed to evaluate Galleria mellonella hemolymph for potential peptides with anti-parasitic activity. Larvae were challenged with Leishmania (V) panamensis promastigotes and hemolymph was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The immunological response of Galleria mellonella was followed by SDS-PAGE, immunized hemolymph was fractionated by RP-HPLC where fractions 5 and 11 showed the highest antileishmanial activity. From these fractions 15 spots were isolated by 2D gel electrophoresis and evaluated by LC/MS to identify the peptides present in the spots. After the analysis Moricin-B, Moricin-C4, Cecropin-D and Anionic Peptide 2 were identified due to the immune challenge with Leishmania promastigotes. Anionic peptide 2 and Cecropin-D were synthesized and evaluated for antileishmanial activity. The results showed that Anionic peptide 2 presented more anti-parasitic activity. This study showed for the first time the anti-parasitic potential of peptides derived from hemolymph of Galleria mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Patiño-Márquez
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Edwin Patiño-González
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Laura Hernández-Villa
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Blanca Ortíz-Reyes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Colombia.
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Ghorbani M, Farhoudi R. Leishmaniasis in humans: drug or vaccine therapy? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 12:25-40. [PMID: 29317800 PMCID: PMC5743117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells. Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite either anthroponotically or zoonotically through their bites. Leishmaniasis affects poor people living around the Mediterranean Basin, East Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia. Affected regions are often remote and unstable, with limited resources for treating this disease. Leishmaniasis has been reported as one of the most dangerous neglected tropical diseases, second only to malaria in parasitic causes of death. People can carry some species of Leishmania for long periods without becoming ill, and symptoms depend on the form of the disease. There are many drugs and candidate vaccines available to treat leishmaniasis. For instance, antiparasitic drugs, such as amphotericin B (AmBisome), are a treatment of choice for leishmaniasis depending on the type of the disease. Despite the availability of different treatment approaches to treat leishmaniasis, therapeutic tools are not adequate to eradicate this infection. In the meantime, drug therapy has been limited because of adverse side effects and unsuccessful vaccine preparation. However, it can immediately make infections inactive. According to other studies, vaccination cannot eradicate leishmaniasis. There is no perfect vaccine or suitable drug to eradicate leishmaniasis completely. So far, no vaccine or drug has been provided to induce long-term protection and ensure effective immunity against leishmaniasis. Therefore, it is necessary that intensive research should be performed in drug and vaccine fields to achieve certain results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghorbani
- Department of Viral Vaccine Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Research and Production Complex, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Farhoudi
- Department of Viral Vaccine Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Research and Production Complex, Karaj, Iran
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31
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García M, Scull R, Satyal P, Setzer WN, Monzote L. Chemical Characterization, Antileishmanial Activity, and Cytotoxicity Effects of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don. (Asteraceae). Phytother Res 2017; 31:1419-1426. [PMID: 28703380 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to control leishmaniasis are mainly based on chemotherapy. However, none of the available drugs can be considered to be ideal to treat this disease. Because of the hydrophobic nature and bioactivities of their components, essential oils (EOs) can be considered as important sources for developing agents against intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania parasites. In this study, we report the chemical characterization, antileishmanial activities, and cytotoxicity effect of the EO from Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don. (Asteraceae). Chemical analysis revealed that EO from aerial part from P. carolinensis is composed of 44 compounds. The main component was selin-11-en-4α-ol, which made up 51.0%. In vitro antileishmanial studies showed that P. carolinensis EO inhibited the growth of promastigotes (IC50 = 24.7 ± 7.1 μg/mL) and amastigotes (IC50 = 6.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL) of Leishmania amazonensis, while cytotoxicity evaluation revealed fivefold higher values than those for the parasites. In a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, five doses of EO at 30 mg/kg by intralesional route demonstrated smaller lesion size and parasite burden (p < 0.05) compared with animals treated with Glucantime® and untreated mice. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results showed the potentialities of EO from P. carolinensis with the future possibility of a new alternative in the treatment for leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley García
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
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Gaspari V, Ortalli M, Foschini M, Baldovini C, Lanzoni A, Cagarelli R, Gaibani P, Rossini G, Vocale C, Tigani R, Gentilomi G, Misciali C, Pesci S, Patrizi A, Landini M, Varani S. New evidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-eastern Italy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1534-1540. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gaspari
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Ortalli
- Unit of Microbiology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - M.P. Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro Motor Sciences; Anatomic Pathology “M.Malpighi” at Bellaria Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Baldovini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro Motor Sciences; Anatomic Pathology “M.Malpighi” at Bellaria Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Lanzoni
- Unit of Dermatology; Bellaria Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - R. Cagarelli
- Public Health Authority; Emilia-Romagna Region Italy
| | - P. Gaibani
- Unit of Microbiology; Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM); St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - G. Rossini
- Unit of Microbiology; Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM); St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Vocale
- Unit of Microbiology; Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM); St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - R. Tigani
- Unit of Microbiology; Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM); St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - G.A. Gentilomi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Misciali
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Pesci
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Patrizi
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - M.P. Landini
- Unit of Microbiology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere scientifico; Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Varani
- Unit of Microbiology; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Unit of Microbiology; Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM); St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
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Herrera G, Hernández C, Ayala MS, Flórez C, Teherán AA, Ramírez JD. Evaluation of a Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:236. [PMID: 28499458 PMCID: PMC5429539 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniases are parasitic vector-borne diseases affecting more than 12 million people in 98 countries. In Colombia, leishmaniasis is widespread and the most common clinical manifestation is cutaneous, mainly caused by L. panamensis and L. braziliensis. Currently, the genetic diversity of these species in Colombia is unknown. To address this, we applied molecular techniques for their characterization, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to explore the genetic variability and phylodynamics of the disease. Methods Seven previously described genetic markers were selected highlighting the implementation of a mitochondrial marker. Markers were applied to 163 samples from isolates obtained between 1980 and 2001. Results The identification of the samples showed an excellent correlation with typing tests previously applied (MLEE, monoclonal antibodies). Isolates of L. braziliensis showed greater genetic diversity than L. panamensis, and a greater number of diploid sequence types (DSTs). In addition, the geographical distribution of DSTs for each species were obtained through georeferencing maps. Conclusions To our knowldge, this study represents the first description of the genetic variability of L. panamensis in Colombia and South America, and is the first to propose a scheme of MLST for epidemiological surveillance of leishmaniasis in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2175-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Herrera
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha S Ayala
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida Calle 26 #51-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Flórez
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida Calle 26 #51-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aníbal A Teherán
- Residente Medicina de Emergencias, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Rezvan H, Nourian AR, Hamoon Navard S. An Overview on Leishmania Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.5.1.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Iniguez E, Varela-Ramirez A, Martínez A, Torres CL, Sánchez-Delgado RA, Maldonado RA. Ruthenium-Clotrimazole complex has significant efficacy in the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2016; 164:402-410. [PMID: 27693373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we reported a novel series of organometallic compounds, RuII complexed with clotrimazole, displaying potent trypanosomatid activity with unnoticeable toxicity toward normal mammalian cells. In view of the promising activity of Ru-clotrimazole complexes against Leishmania major (L. major), the present work sought to investigate the anti-leishmanial activity of the AM162 complex in the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In addition, to facilitate the design of new therapeutic strategies against this disease, we investigated the mode of action of two Ru-clotrimazole complexes in L. major promastigotes. Overall, we demonstrate that AM162 significantly reduced the lesion size in mice exposed to L. major infection. In addition, Ru-clotrimazole compounds are able to induce a mitochondrial dependent apoptotic-like death in the extracellular form of the parasite based on labeling of DNA fragments, mitochondrial depolarization, cell cycle alteration profile and plasma membrane phospholipid externalization. Our findings reveal a promising efficacy of the Ru-clotrimazole AM162 complex for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as pro-apoptotic activity and thus guarantees further evaluation in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Iniguez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Chemistry Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Caresse L Torres
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Roberto A Sánchez-Delgado
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Ullah N, Nadhman A, Siddiq S, Mehwish S, Islam A, Jafri L, Hamayun M. Plants as Antileishmanial Agents: Current Scenario. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1905-1925. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS); International Islamic University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Siddiq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Shaila Mehwish
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Laboratório de Immunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, (NUPEB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Minas Gerais 35.400-000 Brazil
| | - Laila Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University; Mardan Pakistan
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Salloum T, Khalifeh I, Tokajian S. Detection, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from cases of leishmaniasis among Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016; 1:159-168. [PMID: 29988171 PMCID: PMC5991828 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a parasitic protozoan with more than two-dozen species causing the disease leishmaniasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand-fly vector. In the past two years the incidence of leishmaniasis has been drastically increasing in Lebanon. This was in parallel with the deterioration of the security in Syria forcing thousands to flee and seek shelter in poorly maintained refugee camps and collective shelters. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is now considered a public health problem, but its epidemiology has not been fully elucidated. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing two different molecular methods for the detection and identification of Leishmania tropica in Lebanon. Two molecular typing methods of 39 FFPE Leishmania isolates were used: the ITS1-PCR RFLP and the nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene amplification followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The efficiency of these two techniques in Leishmania identification was compared and the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates were illustrated based on the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The results were statistically correlated with the parasitic index (PI). The DNA storage in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues was assessed as well. The parasites identified were all L. tropica as determined by both techniques. ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene based typing proved to be more sensitive in the detection of parasites (positive in 69.2% of the isolates) as opposed to the ITS1-PCR RFLP method that was successful in identifying L. tropica in only 43.6% of the isolates. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed high levels of heterogeneity. A statistically significant correlation was observed between PI and the results of the nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene PCR. Genotyping at the species level is essential for monitoring the relative frequency of CL in the Mediterranean area that is correlated to three different Leishmania species (Leishmania infantum, Leishmania major and L. tropica), each characterized by distinct epidemiological features. The obtained results highlight the need to find a universally accepted diagnostic tool for Leishmania typing.
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Key Words
- 5.8S rDNA gene
- Bp, base pair
- CL, cutaneous leishmaniasis
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- ITS1
- L. tropica, Leishmania tropica
- Leishmania
- MLST, multilocus sequence typing
- NJ, neighbor-joining
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PI, parasitic index
- RFLP
- RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Khalifeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Ghaffarpasand F, Akbarzadeh A, Heiran HR, Karimi AA, Akbarzadeh A, Ghobadifar MA. Effect of Topical Morphine on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Animal Model: A Preliminary Report. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e24402. [PMID: 27437123 PMCID: PMC4939412 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Pentavalent antimonials remain the choice of treatment for leishmaniasis, despite their toxicity, high cost, and difficult administration. As an alternative, morphine may induce the healing process of cutaneous leishmaniasis by its immunoregulatory characteristics. Objectives To study the effect of morphine on the wound-healing process of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods This was an experimental study in which 40 BALB/c mice (female, 6 - 8 weeks) were divided into four groups (each n = 10) who received either placebo alone (group 1), morphine ointment after parasite inoculation (group 2), morphine ointment after wound occurrence (group 3), or placebo after wound occurrence (group 4). Wound size was measured weekly for eight weeks. Results On the first day of treatment, the lesions measured ~1.5 mm in diameter. After eight weeks of treatment, the wound size was significantly smaller in the mice who received morphine ointment (4.81 ± 3.22 mm) compared to those who received placebo after parasite inoculation (8.95 ± 5.71 mm; P = 0.0001) or placebo after wound occurrence (P = 0.028). Conclusions The above data suggest that topical application of morphine accelerates the healing process of CL wounds. We are cautiously optimistic that the results of this study can be used clinically for potentiating CL wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsoon Akbarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Afsoon Akbarzadeh, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112122970, Fax: +98-7112122970, E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Heiran
- Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Armin Akbarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Cruz AF, Resende RG, Albuquerque DR, de Lacerda JCT, Leite CF, Ferreira Aguiar MC. Mucosal leishmaniasis in Brazilian patients: two case reports with similar clinical presentation and different approaches. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:e199-e203. [PMID: 27234853 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal leishmaniasis is a chronic infection that affects the upper respiratory tract and/or the oral mucosa caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites. We present two cases of oral leishmaniasis and discuss the different diagnostic strategies and treatment. In both cases, the patients were male, 60 and 94 years of age, and presented with lesions on the soft palate. In the first patient, the final diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathologic examination. In the second case, polymerase chain reaction and Montenegro skin test were necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The first patient was treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime), and the lesions healed after 2 months. In the second case, the patient received treatment with liposomal amphotericin B but later died as a result of generalized infection. Mucosal leishmaniasis is a highly disfiguring disease. Early diagnosis is important to prevent a lethal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernanda Cruz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Camila Ferreira Leite
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira Aguiar
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Achtman JC, Ellis DL, Saylors B, Boh EE. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in 2 travelers. JAAD Case Rep 2016; 2:95-7. [PMID: 27051841 PMCID: PMC4810283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Achtman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana L. Ellis
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bradley Saylors
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Erin E. Boh
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Correspondence to: Erin E. Boh, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8036, New Orleans, LA 70112.Department of Dermatology1430 Tulane Avenue#8036New OrleansLA70112
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Tan EM, Marcelin JR, Virk A. A 24-Year-Old Traveler With an Insect Bite and Rash: Figure 1. Clin Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Leishmaniasis Panamensis Masquerading as Myiasis and Sporotrichosis: A Clinical Pitfall. Case Rep Pathol 2015; 2015:949670. [PMID: 26413365 PMCID: PMC4568050 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis panamensis in nonendemic Costa Rica. A 19-year-old female presented with nonhealing, unilateral eruption of erythematous papules with superficial central ulceration in a sporotrichoid pattern on right upper arm and back. Given the clinical picture and geographic locale, the patient was initially diagnosed with myiasis or human botfly infestation; however, the sporotrichoid pattern of the bites is an unlikely finding in myiasis. Peripheral blood smear, Giemsa stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were consistent for Leishmania spp. Ulceration resolved with 20-day course of IV sodium stibogluconate.
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Skin Infections and Travelers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.20286/ijtmgh-030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Murat JB, Maubon D, Ravel C, Templier I, Epaulard O. Superiority of local antimoniate over systemic liposomal amphotericin B therapy in a Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benjamin Murat
- Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Micro-organismes (LAPM) UMR 5361 Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 – CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Danièle Maubon
- TheREx/TIMC-IMAG, UMR 5525 Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 – CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Ravel
- French National Reference Centre on Leishmaniasis, UMR5290 University of Montpellier – CNRS – IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Templier
- Department of Dermatology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), UMI 3265 Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 – EMBL – CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Gandacu D, Glazer Y, Anis E, Karakis I, Warshavsky B, Slater P, Grotto I. Resurgence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Israel, 2001-2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1605-11. [PMID: 25271882 PMCID: PMC4193169 DOI: 10.3201/eid2010.140182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis has long been endemic in Israel. After a 15-year period of moderate illness rates, reported incidence increased from 0.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2001 to 4.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2012, and the disease emerged in areas where its presence had previously been minimal. We analyzed all cases reported to the national surveillance system and found that outbreak patterns revealed an expansion of Leishmania major infections over large areas in the southern part of the country and the occurrence of spatially focused L. tropica outbreaks in the northern part of the country. Outbreaks often followed new construction in populated areas. Further study of factors affecting the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis is needed in Israel, as well as the development of effective methods to control the disease, an increase in awareness among health care professionals, and intensive public education regarding control measures in areas of known leishmaniasis foci.
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Zaslavsky DV, Andriyenko YEM, Aleksandrova IY, Matveyeva YEL, Semyonova SYE, Zuyev ME, Gaiduk AA. Verification of cutaneous leishmaniasis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2014. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-5-91-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents a case study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a child. The patient stayed for several months in a leishmaniasis endemic area - in Tajikistan. This case is interesting from the point of view of verification of the infection that is not endemic in Russia.
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Mansueto P, Seidita A, Vitale G, Cascio A. Leishmaniasis in travelers: a literature review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2014; 12:563-81. [PMID: 25287721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection whose clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Over the last decades, an increase in imported leishmaniasis cases in developed, non-endemic countries, have been pointed-out from a review of the international literature. Among the possible causes are increasing international tourism, influx of immigrants from endemic regions and military operations. The main area for the acquisition of cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially for adventure travelers on long-term trips in highly-endemic forested areas, is represented from South America, whereas popular Mediterranean destinations are emerging as the main areas to acquire visceral variant. Leishmaniasis should be considered in the diagnostic assessment of patients presenting with a compatible clinical syndrome and a history of travel to an endemic area, even if this occurred several months or years before. Adventure travelers, researchers, military personnel, and other groups of travelers likely to be exposed to sand flies in endemic areas, should receive counseling regarding leishmaniasis and appropriate protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mansueto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giustina Vitale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
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