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Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembled Dip Coating for Antifouling Functionalized Finishing of Cotton Textile. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132540. [PMID: 35808585 PMCID: PMC9269539 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fouling of surfaces such as textiles is a major health challenge, and there is a continuous effort to develop materials and processes to overcome it. In consideration of this, this study regards the development of antifouling functional nanoencapsulated finishing for the cotton textile fabric by employing a layer-by-layer dip coating technique. Antifouling textile finishing was formulated by inducing the nanoencapsulation of the antifouling functional group inside the hydrophobic polymeric shell. Cotton fabric was taken as a substrate to incorporate antibacterial functionality by alternatively fabricating multilayers of antifouling polymeric formulation (APF) and polyelectrolyte solution. The surface morphology of nanoencapsulated finished textile fabric was characterized through scanning electron microscopy to confirm the uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the cotton textile fabric. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy studies indicated increased surface roughness in the coated textile substrate as compared to the uncoated textile. The surface thickness of the fabricated textile increased with the number of deposited bilayers on the textile substrate. Surface hydrophobicity increased with number of coating bilayers with θ values of x for single layer, up to y for 20 bilayers. The antibacterial activity of the uncoated and layer-by-layer coated finished textile was also evaluated. It was significant and exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against microbial strains Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The bilayer coating exhibited water repellency, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial activity. Thus, the fabricated textile could be highly useful for many industrial and biomedical applications.
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Tesfaye O, Muleta D, Desalegn A. In vitro antimicrobial properties of apis mellifera L. and Meliponulla beccarii L. honeys from Kellem and West Wollega Zones, Western Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.2019761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofijan Tesfaye
- Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Haro Sabu, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Muleta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Desalegn
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Apis dorsata Gut against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111401. [PMID: 34827339 PMCID: PMC8614935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health and development concern on a global scale. The increasing resistance of the pathogenic bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics necessitates efforts to identify potential alternative antibiotics from nature, including insects, which are already recognized as a source of natural antibiotics by the scientific community. This study aimed to determine the potential of components of gut-associated bacteria isolated from Apis dorsata, an Asian giant honeybee, as an antibacterial against N. gonorrhoeae by in vitro and in silico methods as an initial process in the stage of new drug discovery. The identified gut-associated bacteria of A. dorsata included Acinetobacter indicus and Bacillus cereus with 100% identity to referenced bacteria from GenBank. Cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of B. cereus had a very strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in an in vitro antibacterial testing. Meanwhile, molecular docking revealed that antimicrobial lipopeptides from B. cereus (surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A) had a comparable value of binding-free energy (BFE) with the target protein receptor for N. gonorrhoeae, namely penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 and PBP2 when compared with the ceftriaxone, cefixime, and doxycycline. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study revealed that the surfactin remains stable at the active site of PBP2 despite the alteration of the H-bond and hydrophobic interactions. According to this finding, surfactin has the greatest antibacterial potential against PBP2 of N. gonorrhoeae.
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Phenotypic Detection of Efflux Mechanism in Panaminoglycoside Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Egyptian Clinical Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dumoulin M, Martens A, Van den Abeele AM, Boyen F, Oosterlinck M, Wilderjans H, Gasthuys F, Haesebrouck F, Pille F. Evaluation of direct Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from synovial fluid of horses using enrichment bottles. Vet J 2017; 220:55-62. [PMID: 28190496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the Etest for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacteria from equine synovial specimens, incubated in BACTEC enrichment bottles. Ninety-four culture-positive broths were inoculated onto agar to directly determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 13 antimicrobials, using the Etest (direct Etest). Results were compared with those obtained with the agar dilution reference method, the standard Etest, and the disc diffusion method, after subculture and standardisation of the inoculum. For categorical comparison of AST results, MICs were translated into susceptibility categories, using clinical breakpoints. The direct Etest predicted categorical susceptibility/resistance of bacteria from equine synovial fluid with acceptable accuracy (overall categorical agreement, 91%) and was more reliable than the disc diffusion test. The direct Etest was less accurate than the standard Etest for generating MICs ± 1 log dilution relative to the reference method (overall essential agreement, 69% vs. 89%). As the Etest generated a high percentage of inaccuracies with trimethoprim and sulfadiazine, these were less suitable antimicrobial agents for inclusion. In conclusion, the direct Etest reliably predicted the susceptibility of isolates from equine synovial fluid for the tested antimicrobials, except for trimethoprim and sulfadiazine. Since it did not require subculture and preparation of a standardised inoculum, direct Etest results were available at least 24 h earlier than with other methods, which could facilitate the diagnosis of synovial infections. However, when accuracy is prioritised over speed for MIC determination, the standard Etest is preferred over the direct Etest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dumoulin
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - A Martens
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A-M Van den Abeele
- Microbiology Laboratorium, AZ Sint-Lucas, Groenebriel 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Wilderjans
- Dierenkliniek De Bosdreef, Spelonckvaart 46, B-9180 Moerbeke-Waas, Belgium
| | - F Gasthuys
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pille
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Mohamed YF, Abou-Shleib HM, Khalil AM, El-Guink NM, El-Nakeeb MA. Membrane permeabilization of colistin toward pan-drug resistant Gram-negative isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:381-8. [PMID: 26991296 PMCID: PMC4874589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pan-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, being resistant to most available antibiotics, represent a huge threat to the medical community. Colistin is considered the last therapeutic option for patients in hospital settings. Thus, we were concerned in this study to demonstrate the membrane permeabilizing activity of colistin focusing on investigating its efficiency toward those pan-drug resistant isolates which represent a critical situation. We determined the killing dynamics of colistin against pan-drug resistant isolates. The permeability alteration was confirmed by different techniques as: leakage, electron microscopy and construction of an artificial membrane model; liposomes. Moreover, selectivity of colistin against microbial cells was also elucidated. Colistin was proved to be rapid bactericidal against pan-drug resistant isolates. It interacts with the outer bacterial membrane leading to deformation of its outline, pore formation, leakage of internal contents, cell lysis and finally death. Furthermore, variations in membrane composition of eukaryotic and microbial cells provide a key for colistin selectivity toward bacterial cells. Colistin selectively alters membrane permeability of pan-drug resistant isolates which leads to cell lysis. Colistin was proved to be an efficient last line treatment for pan-drug resistant infections which are hard to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Fathy Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | | | - Amal Mohamed Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Nadia Mohamed El-Guink
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Goel G, Das D, Mukherjee S, Bose S, Das K, Mahato R, Bhattacharya S. A method for early detection of antibiotic resistance in positive blood cultures: experience from an oncology centre in eastern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33 Suppl:53-8. [PMID: 25657157 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.150883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For antibiotic susceptibility results, conventional culture and sensitivity methods takes 48 hours after a blood culture is flagged positive by automated systems. Early initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy is essential for effective management of sepsis to reduce morbidity, mortality, cost of treatment and prevent antibiotic resistance. Objective of this study was to evaluate Direct Sensitivity Test (DST) as a potential tool to get reliable antibiotic susceptibility results 24 hours earlier. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood cultures flagged positive between May 2011 to December 2012 by BacT/ALERT were Gram stained. All uni-microbial gram-negative blood cultures were simultaneously cultured and processed for DST from broth using disk diffusion method using British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) guidelines. DST results available next day were compared with conventional antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) performed by Vitek-2 on isolated colonies. Results of DST (test method) and AST (reference method) were compared for agreements or errors. RESULTS Of the 840 antibiotic gram-negative organism combinations tested, Categorical and essential agreements were 83.7% and 96.2% respectively. Minor, major and very major errors were 12.5%, 3.33% and 0.47%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DST using disk diffusion from positive blood culture broths helps to initiate early targeted antibiotic therapy. There is high concordance between DST and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Bhattacharya
- Consultant Microbiologist, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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AcrB drug-binding pocket substitution confers clinically relevant resistance and altered substrate specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3511-6. [PMID: 25737552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419939112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is increasing globally and the need to understand the underlying mechanisms is paramount to discover new therapeutics. The efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria have a broad substrate range and transport antibiotics out of the bacterium, conferring intrinsic multidrug resistance (MDR). The genomes of pre- and posttherapy MDR clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium from a patient that failed antibacterial therapy and died were sequenced. In the posttherapy isolate we identified a novel G288D substitution in AcrB, the resistance-nodulation division transporter in the AcrAB-TolC tripartite MDR efflux pump system. Computational structural analysis suggested that G288D in AcrB heavily affects the structure, dynamics, and hydration properties of the distal binding pocket altering specificity for antibacterial drugs. Consistent with this hypothesis, recreation of the mutation in standard Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains showed that G288D AcrB altered substrate specificity, conferring decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin by increased efflux. At the same time, the substitution increased susceptibility to other drugs by decreased efflux. Information about drug transport is vital for the discovery of new antibacterials; the finding that one amino acid change can cause resistance to some drugs, while conferring increased susceptibility to others, could provide a basis for new drug development and treatment strategies.
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Andualem B. Combined antibacterial activity of stingless bee (Apis mellipodae) honey and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:725-31. [PMID: 23998014 PMCID: PMC3757282 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria. METHODS Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey, garlic and mixture of them against pathogenic bacteria were determined. Chloramphenicol and water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial samples were determined using standard methods. RESULTS Inhibition zone of mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all tested pathogens was significantly (P≤0.05) greater than garlic and tazma honey alone. The diameter zone of inhibition ranged from (18±1) to (35±1) mm for mixture of garlic and tazma honey, (12±1) to (20±1) mm for tazma honey and (14±1) to (22±1) mm for garlic as compared with (10±1) to (30±1) mm for chloramphenicol. The combination of garlic and tazma honey (30-35 mm) was more significantly (P≤0.05) effective against Salmonella (NCTC 8385), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Lyesria moncytogenes (ATCC 19116) and Streptococcus pneumonia (ATCC 63). Results also showed considerable antimicrobial activity of garlic and tazma honey. MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25% against total test bacteria was 88.9%. MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25% against Gram positive and negative were 100% and 83.33%, respectively. The bactericidal activities of garlic, tazma honey, and mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all pathogenic bacteria at 6.25% concentration were 66.6%, 55.6% and 55.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This finding strongly supports the claim of the local community to use the combination of tazma honey and garlic for the treatment of different pathogenic bacterial infections. Therefore, garlic in combination with tazma honey can serve as an alternative natural antimicrobial drug for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. Further in vivo study is recommended to come up with a comprehensive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Andualem
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural and Computational Sciences Faculty, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Sodowich BI, Zweitzig DR, Riccardello NM, O'Hara SM. Feasibility study demonstrating that enzymatic template generation and amplification can be employed as a novel method for molecular antimicrobial susceptibility testing. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:191. [PMID: 23941533 PMCID: PMC3766015 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a methodology in which the sensitivity of a microorganism is determined via its inability to proliferate in the presence of an antimicrobial agent. Results are reported as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The present study demonstrates that measurement of DNA polymerase activity via Enzymatic Template Generation and Amplification (ETGA) can be used as a novel means of determining the MIC of a microbe to an antibiotic agent much sooner than the current standardized method. Methods Time course analysis of ETGA is presented from bacterial cultures containing antibiotic agents and compared to the end-point results of standard macrobroth method AST. Results MIC determinations from ETGA results at 4, 6, and 22 hours are compared to the MICs from the standard method and the results are shown to be in agreement. Additionally, reliable AST analysis using ETGA can be performed on bacteria harvested directly from spiked blood cultures. Conclusions AST analysis with ETGA is shown to be equivalent to AST analysis using gene-specific qPCR assays against the measured microbe. Future development of this novel method for performing AST in a clinical setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce I Sodowich
- Zeus Scientific Incorporated, Research and Development, 200 Evans Way, Branchburg, NJ 08876, USA.
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Preadmission screening of adults highlights previously unrecognized carriage of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in London: a cause for concern? J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3168-71. [PMID: 22814463 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01066-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first study of its kind in the United Kingdom, we describe the colonization rate of ciprofloxacin-sensitive Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-MRSA) in adult patients who were screened systematically at the time of hospital admission. We also describe the molecular characteristics of PVL-MRSA and antibiotic resistance phenotypes. A total of 55,760 specimens were screened for MRSA between April 2008 and December 2010. MRSA was identified in 1,998 specimens, and ciprofloxacin-susceptible (CSMRSA) isolates (385/1,998, or 19.3%) were subjected to PVL testing. Of these, 70 (18.1%) were identified as PVL-CSMRSA. During the study period, the MRSA colonization rate decreased from 4.6% to 2.8%. In contrast, the colonization rate of PVL-CSMRSA increased over time, rising from 0.075% in 2008 and 0.07% in 2009 to 0.22% in 2010. The mean patient age was 52 years (range, 18 to 90 years); over two-thirds were male. Seven different lineages of PVL-CSMRSA were identified. Over the 3 years, the Southwest Pacific clone (CC30) was dominant in our population. The CC5 clone was detected once in 2008 and not at all in 2009 but accounted for a third of all PVL-CSMRSA strains in 2010. This lineage was commonly associated with clindamycin resistance and, less frequently, tetracycline resistance. We conclude that there is hitherto unrecognized low-level carriage of PVL-CSMRSA among patients being admitted to hospitals in northwest London. We observed the emergence of the CC5 clone in 2010 with associated clindamycin and tetracycline resistance.
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Darley ESR, Bannister GC, Blom AW, Macgowan AP, Jacobson SK, Alfouzan W. Role of early intravenous to oral antibiotic switch therapy in the management of prosthetic hip infection treated with one- or two-stage replacement. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2405-8. [PMID: 21742678 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine outcomes for an antibiotic regimen using early switch to oral antibiotics for treatment of infected total hip replacement (THR) treated by either a one-stage or two-stage procedure. METHODS Cases of infected THR were identified from the microbiology records on all orthopaedic infections in a 24 month period. Diagnosis was made by microbiological culture of theatre specimens and findings at the time of surgery. A standard approach of 10-14 days intravenous (iv) antibiotic followed by a switch to oral antibiotics either for 6-8 weeks until second-stage re-implantation or for up to 3 months following a one-stage procedure was used. The exact date of oral switch and antibiotic duration was determined by clinical resolution and C-reactive protein (CRP). Outcome was recorded as no microbiological or clinical evidence of relapse of infection or relapse after completing the antibiotic course. Follow-up duration for all cases at the time of study was 24-36 months after completion of antibiotic treatment. RESULTS In 24 months, 19 patients underwent two-stage THR for infection, of which 17 were treated with oral antibiotics after a median of 14 days initial iv antibiotics. None relapsed. Four patients underwent one-stage THR and had 12-20 days iv then 6-26 weeks oral antibiotics with no relapse. CONCLUSIONS Early oral antibiotic switch therapy was effective in patients treated at the Avon Orthopaedic Centre with infected THR and plays an important role in enabling patients to return to independence after revision surgery and avoid complications of prolonged iv access.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S R Darley
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
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De Soyza A, Meachery G, Hester KL, Nicholson A, Parry G, Tocewicz K, Pillay T, Clark S, Lordan JL, Schueler S, Fisher AJ, Dark JH, Gould FK, Corris PA. Lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis and Burkholderia cepacia complex infection: A single-center experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:1395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ahmed MO, Alghazali MH, Abuzweda AR, Amri SG. Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance (MLSB(i)) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Libya. Libyan J Med 2010; 5. [PMID: 21483594 PMCID: PMC3066769 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v5i0.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Tripoli, Libya
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Matheson N, Kingsley RA, Sturgess K, Aliyu SH, Wain J, Dougan G, Cooke FJ. Ten years experience of Salmonella infections in Cambridge, UK. J Infect 2010; 60:21-5. [PMID: 19819256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Matheson
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Box 236, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QW, UK
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Ertapenem resistance and the Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:194-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Enoch D, Summers C, Brown N, Moore L, Gillham M, Burnstein R, Thaxter R, Enoch L, Matta B, Sule O. Investigation and management of an outbreak of multidrug-carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Cambridge, UK. J Hosp Infect 2008; 70:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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McMahon M, Tunney M, Moore J, Blair I, Gilpin D, McDowell D. Changes in antibiotic susceptibility in staphylococci habituated to sub-lethal concentrations of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia). Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 47:263-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jones GL, Warren RE, Skidmore SJ, Davies VA, Gibreel T, Upton M. Prevalence and distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli lacking extended-spectrum -lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:1245-51. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Association between hypermutator phenotype, clinical variables, mucoid phenotype, and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3491-3. [PMID: 18685006 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00357-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with poorer lung function in patients at the Adult West Midlands CF Unit. Mucoid isolates were more likely to be hypermutators. The presence of resistant mutant subpopulations was associated with hypermutator phenotype but was not good enough to be used as a test for this phenotype.
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Evaluation of disc diffusion methods and Vitek 2 automated system for testing susceptibility to mupirocin in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:1018-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Turkey with OXA-48-like carbapenemases and outer membrane protein loss. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:523-6. [PMID: 18339523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options are limited in infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, with carbapenems generally preferred. Disturbingly, however, carbapenem-resistant strains are emerging worldwide. Here we report two clinical isolates, one Escherichia coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae, each with high-level carbapenem resistance (imipenem minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 microg/mL). They were isolated following imipenem therapy from two hospital patients who had received imipenem therapy in different regions of Turkey. Both isolates produced OXA-48-like carbapenemases, enzymes so far reported only from Turkey. Both isolates also had group 1 CTX-M-type ESBLs and had lost major outer membrane proteins. OXA-48-like carbapenemases appear to be scattered in Turkey and surveillance to determine their prevalence is warranted.
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Fry NK, Duncan J, Edwards MT, Tilley RE, Chitnavis D, Harman R, Hammerton H, Dainton L. A UK clinical isolate of Bordetella hinzii from a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1700-1703. [PMID: 18033844 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What is believed to be the first clinical isolate of Bordetella hinzii in the UK, from a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome, is described. This patient had no known avian exposure, and the source of the organism remains unknown. It appears that the underlying immune deficiency of the patient increased the susceptibility to opportunistic infection with this organism. Human infection with B. hinzii is rare and this species is difficult to differentiate from Bordetella avium by routine phenotypic methods. Confirmation can be reliably achieved using genotypic methods, and the greater mutational variation of the ompA gene compared to other genes (e.g. 16S rRNA gene) allows unambiguous identification of this and other non-classical Bordetella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman K. Fry
- Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - John Duncan
- Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Martin T. Edwards
- Statistics, Modelling and Bioinformatics Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Rebecca E. Tilley
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, UK
| | - Dipti Chitnavis
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, UK
| | - Ruth Harman
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, UK
| | - Haydn Hammerton
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, UK
| | - Linda Dainton
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, UK
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Habeeb F, Shakir E, Bradbury F, Cameron P, Taravati MR, Drummond AJ, Gray AI, Ferro VA. Screening methods used to determine the anti-microbial properties of Aloe vera inner gel. Methods 2007; 42:315-20. [PMID: 17560318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains is a growing problem and is an important concern for patients, physicians, healthcare managers, and policymakers as it results in poorer health and economic outcomes. This has led to an urgent global call for new antimicrobial drugs, particularly from natural resources. We have been studying the antimicrobial properties of the inner leaf gel component of Aloe barbadensis Miller and have used a number of different, simple in vitro assays to establish a scientific basis for the potential use of Aloe vera on a range of clinically relevant bacteria. The bacteria used include Shigella flexneri, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus bovis. In this paper, we compare standard methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) with a microtitre assay using a metabolic colour indicator Alamar blue. All the techniques described have shown that Aloe vera has an antimicrobial effect, however, the microtitre assay enables high throughput screening, under similar conditions and is less wasteful of plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Habeeb
- Faculty of Allied Health, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 31470, Sulaibikhat-90805, Kuwait.
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Cheeseman KE, Williams GJ, Maillard JY, Denyer SP, Mahenthiralingam E. Typing of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates using random amplification of polymorphic DNA method and comparison with antibiotic susceptibility typing. J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:388-90. [PMID: 18022282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cantón R, Alós JI, Baquero F, Calvo J, Campos J, Castillo J, Cercenado E, Domínguez MA, Liñares J, López-Cerezo L, Marco F, Mirelis B, Morosini MI, Navarro F, Oliver A, Pérez-Trallero E, Torres C, Martínez-Martínez L. Recomendaciones para la selección de antimicrobianos en el estudio de la sensibilidad in vitro con sistemas automáticos y semiautomáticos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2007; 25:394-400. [PMID: 17583653 DOI: 10.1157/13106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of clinical microbiology laboratories that have incorporated automatic susceptibility testing devices has increased in recent years. The majority of these systems determine MIC values using microdilution panels or specific cards, with grouping into clinical categories (susceptible, intermediate or resistant) and incorporate expert systems to infer resistance mechanisms. This document presents the recommendations of a group of experts designated by Grupo de Estudio de los Mecanismos de Acción y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (GEMARA, Study group on mechanisms of action and resistance to antimicrobial agents) and Mesa Española de Normalización de la Sensibilidad y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (MENSURA, Spanish Group for Normalizing Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance), with the aim of including antimicrobial agents and selecting concentrations for the susceptibility testing panels of automatic systems. The following have been defined: various antimicrobial categories (A: must be included in the study panel; B: inclusion is recommended; and C: inclusion is secondary, but may facilitate interpretative reading of the antibiogram) and groups (0: not used in therapeutics but may facilitate the detection of resistance mechanisms; 1: must be studied and always reported; 2: must be studied and selectively reported; 3: must be studied and reported at a second level; and 4: should be studied in urinary tract pathogens isolated in urine and other specimens). Recommended antimicrobial concentrations are adapted from the breakpoints established by EUCAST, CLSI and MENSURA. This approach will lead to more accurate susceptibility testing results with better detection of resistance mechanisms, and allowing to reach the clinical goal of the antibiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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Ellington MJ, Hope R, Ganner M, Ganner M, East C, Brick G, Kearns AM. Is Panton-Valentine leucocidin associated with the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in the UK? J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:402-5. [PMID: 17562682 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality associated with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive Staphylococcus aureus suggest that this toxin is a key marker of disease severity. Nevertheless, the importance of PVL in the pathogenesis of primary bacteraemia caused by S. aureus is uncertain. We have determined the prevalence of PVL-encoding genes among isolates of S. aureus from bacteraemic patients. METHODS Consecutive bacteraemia isolates of S. aureus (n=244) from patients hospitalized in 25 centres in the UK and Ireland during 2005 were screened for PVL and mecA genes. PVL-positive isolates were characterized by toxin gene profiling, PFGE, spa-typing and MIC determinations for a range of antimicrobials. RESULTS Four out of 244 isolates (1.6%) were PVL-positive and susceptible to oxacillin [methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)]. Eighty-eight out of 244 (36%) were oxacillin-resistant (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), but none was PVL-positive. The four patients (two males: 30 and 33 years; two females: 62 and 80 years) had infection foci of: skin and soft tissue, unknown, indwelling line, and surgical site, and were located at one centre in Wales, one in England and two in Ireland. One of four PVL-positive isolates was resistant to penicillin and fusidic acid, the remainder were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Genotypic analyses showed that the four isolates represented three distinct strains; the two isolates from Ireland were related. CONCLUSIONS We found that 1.6% of S. aureus (all MSSA) from bacteraemic patients were PVL-positive. This low incidence suggests that PVL-positive S. aureus are of no particular significance as causative agents of S. aureus bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ellington
- Staphylococcus Reference Laboratory (SRL), Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
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Hillier S, Roberts Z, Dunstan F, Butler C, Howard A, Palmer S. Prior antibiotics and risk of antibiotic-resistant community-acquired urinary tract infection: a case–control study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:92-9. [PMID: 17540675 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effect of previous antibiotic use on the risk of a resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI), we undertook a case-control study with prospective measurement of outcomes in 10 general practices in the UK. METHODS Urinary samples from all patients with symptoms suggestive of UTIs were sought, and those with a laboratory-proven E. coli infection were interviewed and their medical records examined. Case patients were those with ampicillin- or trimethoprim-resistant infections and control patients had infections that were susceptible to antibiotics, including ampicillin and trimethoprim. RESULTS Risk of ampicillin-resistant E. coli infection in 903 patients was associated with amoxicillin prescriptions of >or=7 days duration in the previous 1 month [odds ratio (OR)=3.91, 95% CI 1.64-9.34] and previous 2-3 months (2.29, 1.12-4.70) before illness onset. For prescriptions <7 days duration, there was no statistically significant association. Higher doses of amoxicillin were associated with lower risk of ampicillin resistance. For trimethoprim-resistant E. coli infections, the OR was 8.44 (3.12-22.86) for prescriptions of trimethoprim of >or=7 days in the previous month and 13.91 (3.32-58.31) for the previous 2-3 months. For trimethoprim prescriptions of <7 days, the OR was 4.03 (1.69-9.59) for the previous month but prescribing in earlier periods was not significantly associated with resistance. CONCLUSIONS Within the community setting, exposure to antibiotics is a strong risk factor for a resistant E. coli UTI. High-dose, shorter-duration antibiotic regimens may reduce the pressure on the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hillier
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Health Sciences Research, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
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Andrews JM. BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 6). J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:20-41. [PMID: 17460026 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Andrews
- Department of Microbiology, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK.
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Ang L, Brenwald NP, Walker RM, Andrews J, Fraise A. Carbapenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:1042-4. [PMID: 17363423 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Woodford N, Dallow JWT, Hill RLR, Palepou MFI, Pike R, Ward ME, Warner M, Livermore DM. Ertapenem resistance among Klebsiella and Enterobacter submitted in the UK to a reference laboratory. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:456-9. [PMID: 17293088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae represents a major public health concern. We investigated ertapenem-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. referred to the UK's national reference laboratory for antibiotic resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined and interpreted according to British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy guidelines. Genes for carbapenemases and CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were sought by polymerase chain reaction, and imipenem hydrolysis was determined by spectrophotometry with crude extracts. From June 2004 to April 2006, 95 Klebsiella spp. and 76 Enterobacter spp. isolates resistant to ertapenem (MICs >2mg/L) were received, 40% of which (38 Klebsiella spp. and 30 Enterobacter spp.) were highly resistant to ertapenem (MICs >16mg/L). Imipenem and meropenem were active (geometric mean MICs <2mg/L) against most isolates with low-level ertapenem resistance but were less active against highly ertapenem-resistant isolates. Only one ertapenem-resistant isolate produced a defined carbapenemase, a Klebsiella pneumoniae with IMP-1 enzyme; one Enterobacter sp. also hydrolysed imipenem, but its carbapenemase remains to be identified. Geometric mean MICs of ertapenem for the collection were reduced five-fold by clavulanic acid for Klebsiella spp. compared with eight-fold by cloxacillin for Enterobacter spp. This study highlights the fact that ertapenem resistance is being detected in Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. in the UK, but that it is rarely mediated by true carbapenemases. Rather, it probably results from combinations of a beta-lactamase - often a CTX-M ESBL in Klebsiella spp. or an AmpC enzyme in Enterobacter spp. - plus impermeability and/or increased efflux. Imipenem and meropenem often remain moderately active against isolates with low-level ertapenem resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Woodford
- Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
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Tarrant F, MacGowan AP, Walsh TR. Occurrence and current frequency of CTX-M-type β-lactamases from a regional hospital in the South West of England. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:815-6. [PMID: 17289761 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Porter E, Damani N. Epidemic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with Northern Ireland. J Hosp Infect 2006; 65:88-9. [PMID: 17145106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mitsuda T. [Problems in antimicrobial susceptibility tests and progress in diagnostic technique]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2006; 95:2168-75. [PMID: 17168387 DOI: 10.2169/naika.95.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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