1
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Cresti L, Cappello G, Pini A. Antimicrobial Peptides towards Clinical Application-A Long History to Be Concluded. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4870. [PMID: 38732089 PMCID: PMC11084544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with an amphipathic structure that enables them to interact with bacterial membranes. This interaction can lead to membrane crossing and disruption with pore formation, culminating in cell death. They are produced naturally in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. In higher animals, they are part of the innate immune system, where they counteract infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. AMPs can also be designed de novo by bioinformatic approaches or selected from combinatorial libraries, and then produced by chemical or recombinant procedures. Since their discovery, AMPs have aroused interest as potential antibiotics, although few have reached the market due to stability limits or toxicity. Here, we describe the development phase and a number of clinical trials of antimicrobial peptides. We also provide an update on AMPs in the pharmaceutical industry and an overall view of their therapeutic market. Modifications to peptide structures to improve stability in vivo and bioavailability are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cresti
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Cappello
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
- SetLance srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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Rousel J, Saghari M, Pagan L, Nădăban A, Gambrah T, Theelen B, de Kam ML, Haakman J, van der Wall HEC, Feiss GL, Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, Burggraaf J, Bouwstra JA, Rissmann R, van Doorn MBA. Treatment with the Topical Antimicrobial Peptide Omiganan in Mild-to-Moderate Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis versus Ketoconazole and Placebo: Results of a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14315. [PMID: 37762625 PMCID: PMC10531869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous and scaly lesions on the skin with high sebaceous gland activity. The yeast Malassezia is regarded as a key pathogenic driver in this disease, but increased Staphylococcus abundances and barrier dysfunction are implicated as well. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial peptide omiganan as a treatment for SD since it has shown both antifungal and antibacterial activity. A randomized, patient- and evaluator-blinded trial was performed comparing the four-week, twice daily topical administration of omiganan 1.75%, the comparator ketoconazole 2.00%, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate facial SD. Safety was monitored, and efficacy was determined by clinical scoring complemented with imaging. Microbial profiling was performed, and barrier integrity was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and ceramide lipidomics. Omiganan was safe and well tolerated but did not result in a significant clinical improvement of SD, nor did it affect other biomarkers, compared to the placebo. Ketoconazole significantly reduced the disease severity compared to the placebo, with reduced Malassezia abundances, increased microbial diversity, restored skin barrier function, and decreased short-chain ceramide Cer[NSc34]. No significant decreases in Staphylococcus abundances were observed compared to the placebo. Omiganan is well tolerated but not efficacious in the treatment of facial SD. Previously established antimicrobial and antifungal properties of omiganan could not be demonstrated. Our multimodal characterization of the response to ketoconazole has reaffirmed previous insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Rousel
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pagan
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Nădăban
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Gambrah
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorine Haakman
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B. A. van Doorn
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Chen X, Su S, Yan Y, Yin L, Liu L. Anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of natural antimicrobial peptides when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239540. [PMID: 37731929 PMCID: PMC10508351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recently published a list of 12 drug-resistant bacteria that posed a significant threat to human health, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was among them. In China, P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen in hospital acquired pneumonia, accounting for 16.9-22.0%. It is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that can infect individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to hospital-acquired acute and systemic infections. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of various mechanisms in P. aeruginosa to resist conventional drugs. Thus, there is an emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, posing a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches. Antimicrobial peptides are an integral component of host defense and have been found in many living organisms. Most antimicrobial peptides are characterized by negligible host toxicity and low resistance rates, making them become promising for use as antimicrobial products. This review particularly focuses on summarizing the inhibitory activity of natural antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms, as well as the drug interactions when these peptides used in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of these antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa strains was mainly related to destroy the membrane structure through interacting with LPS or increasing ROS levels, or targeting cellular components, leaded to cell lysis. Hopefully, this analysis will provide valuable experimental data on developing novel compounds to combat P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Ang QA, Arfan G, Ong CYF, Ng FM, Ong EHQ, Chia CSB. Designing a leucine-rich antibacterial nonapeptide with potent activity against mupirocin-resistant MRSA via a structure-activity relationship study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1185-1193. [PMID: 33754480 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the main aetiological agent responsible for the majority of human skin infections. Of particular concern is the methicillin-resistant variety, commonly known as MRSA. The extensive use of the first-line topical antibiotic of choice, mupirocin, has inevitably resulted in the emergence of resistant strains, signalling an urgent need for the development of new antibacterials with new mechanisms of action. In this work, we describe how we designed a novel cationic nonapeptide, containing only leucine and two lysine residues, with potent anti-MRSA activity and a rapid bactericidal mode of action. Coupled to a favourable safety profile towards human skin fibroblasts, we believe nonapeptide 11 has high potential for further development as a mupirocin replacement candidate to treat skin infections caused by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An Ang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Giovinna Arfan
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chu Yang Fann Ong
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fui Mee Ng
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Esther H Q Ong
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Cheng San Brian Chia
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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5
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Overcoming bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the urgent need – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics is considered one of the most crucial breakthroughs in medicine and veterinary science in the 20th century. From the very beginning, this type of drug was used as a ‘miraculous cure’ for every type of infection. In addition to their therapeutic uses, antibiotics were also used for disease prevention and growth promotion in livestock. Though this application was banned in the European Union in 2006, antibiotics are still used in this way in countries all over the world. The unlimited and unregulated use of antibiotics has increased the speed of antibiotic resistance’s spread in different types of organisms. This phenomenon requires searching for new strategies to deal with hard-to-treat infections. The antimicrobial activity of some plant derivatives and animal products has been known since ancient times. At the beginning of this century, even more substances, such as antimicrobial peptides, were considered very promising candidates for becoming new alternatives to commonly used antimicrobials. However, many preclinical and clinical trials ended without positive results. A variety of strategies to fight microbes exist, but we are a long way from approving them as therapies. This review begins with the discovery of antibiotics, covers the modes of action of select antimicrobials, and ends with a literature review of the newest potential alternative approaches to overcoming the drug resistance phenomenon.
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6
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Topical anti-microbial peptide omiganan recovers cutaneous dysbiosis but does not improve clinical symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis in a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 86:854-862. [PMID: 33010325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recovering this dysbiosis may improve AD symptoms. Omiganan is a synthetic indolicidin analogue antimicrobial peptide with activity against S. aureus and could be a viable new treatment option for AD. OBJECTIVE To explore the tolerability, clinical efficacy and pharmacodynamics of omiganan in mild-to-moderate AD. METHODS Eighty patients were randomized to omiganan 1%, 1.75%, 2.5% or vehicle twice daily for 28 days on all lesions. Weekly visits included clinical scores, and microbiological and pharmacodynamic assessments of one 'target lesion'. RESULTS In all omiganan treatment groups dysbiosis was recovered by reducing Staphylococcus abundance and increasing diversity. A reduction of cultured S. aureus was observed in all omiganan treatment groups, with a significant reduction for omiganan 2.5% compared to vehicle (-93.5%, 95%CI=-99.2%/-28.5% p=0.02). No significant clinical improvement was observed. CONCLUSION Topical administration of omiganan twice daily for up to 28 days in patients with mild-to-moderate AD led to a recovery of dysbiosis, but without clinical improvement. Therefore, a mono-treatment that selectively targets the microbiome does not appear to be a successful treatment strategy in mild-to-moderate AD.
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7
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Rijsbergen M, Rijneveld R, Todd M, Feiss GL, Kouwenhoven STP, Quint KD, van Alewijk DCJG, de Koning MNC, Klaassen ES, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R, van Poelgeest MIE. Results of phase 2 trials exploring the safety and efficacy of omiganan in patients with human papillomavirus-induced genital lesions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2133-2143. [PMID: 31755993 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess safety and tolerability and explore pharmacodynamics and efficacy of omiganan in external anogenital warts (AGW) and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). METHODS Two randomized controlled trials in patients with external AGW and vulvar HSIL were conducted. Patients received topical omiganan 2.5% or placebo gel once daily for 12 weeks with a follow-up of 12 weeks. Safety and tolerability were monitored and pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of omiganan were assessed by analysing lesion count, size and viral load. Self-reported pain, itch and quality of life were assessed by an electronic diary and questionnaire. RESULTS Twenty-four AGW and 12 vulvar HSIL patients were enrolled. All patients had a high treatment adherence (99%). No serious adverse events occurred and all adverse events (n = 27) were mild, transient and self-limiting. The treatment groups were not different in terms of safety and tolerability, lesion count and size, and patient-reported outcomes pain, itch and quality of life. Human papillomavirus load significantly reduced after 12 weeks of treatment with omiganan compared to placebo (-96.6%; 95% confidence interval -99.9 to -7.4%; P = .045) in AGW patients only. CONCLUSION Topical omiganan appears to be safe in patients with AGW and vulvar HSIL and reduced human papillomavirus load after 12 weeks of treatment in AGW patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Todd
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stijn T P Kouwenhoven
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte I E van Poelgeest
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, van der Wall H, Hogendoorn GK, Rijneveld R, Luijten S, van Alewijk DCJG, van den Munckhof EHA, de Kam ML, Feiss GL, Prens EP, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R, van Doorn MBA. Pharmacodynamic Effects of Topical Omiganan in Patients With Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:994-1003. [PMID: 32315497 PMCID: PMC7485951 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Omiganan is an indolicidin analog with antimicrobial properties that could be beneficial for patients with atopic dermatitis. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial we explored the efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety of topical omiganan once daily in 36 patients with mild to moderate atomic dermatitis. Patients were randomized to apply topical omiganan 1%, omiganan 2.5%, or vehicle gel to one target lesion once daily for 28 consecutive days. Small but significant improvements in local objective SCORing Atopic Dematitis index and morning itch were observed in the omiganan 2.5% group compared with the vehicle gel group (−18.5%; 95% confidence interval, −32.9 to −1.0; P = 0.04; and −8.2; 95% confidence interval, −16.3 to −0.2; P = 0.05, respectively). A shift from lesional to nonlesional skin microbiota was observed in both omiganan treatment groups, in contrast to the vehicle group. Thus, treatment with topical omiganan improved dysbiosis in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, and small but statistically significant improvements in clinical scores were detected. Our findings warrant further exploration in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Niemeyer-van der Kolk
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hein van der Wall
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B A van Doorn
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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In Vitro Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides against Staphylococcal Pathogens Associated with Canine Pyoderma. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030470. [PMID: 32168952 PMCID: PMC7143510 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) are predominant pathogens in canine pyoderma, especially S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus. The antimicrobial resistance of CoPS has a key role in the management of canine skin infections. The vast majority of those diseases have a chronic character with a tendency to recur, which is reflected by recurrent systemic antibiotic therapy, associated with an alarming increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected AMPs against pathogenic staphylococcal strains, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains isolated from canine pyoderma cases. The tested AMPs were shown to be equally efficient antimicrobial agents against resistant- and susceptible pathogenic staphylococcal strains associated with canine pyoderma. AMPs were more efficient against S. pseudintermedius than against S. aureus strains. Our findings seem to be particularly interesting from a clinical perspective, as a starting point from which to perform in vivo experiments to estimate the usefulness of these peptides as topical drug molecules for the treatment of canine pyoderma. Abstract The emergence of staphylococcal canine pathogens resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents is a growing and urgent problem in veterinary practice. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected AMPs against pathogenic staphylococcal strains, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains isolated from canine pyoderma cases. Seven antimicrobial peptides (aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1, protegrin-1, pexiganan, temporin A and uperin 3.6) synthesized by the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase method were tested. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The study showed that analyzed AMPs exerted an extensive effect against canine pathogens, with the most active peptide being uperin 3.6. The tested AMPs were equally efficient against both resistant- and susceptible staphylococcal strains and were more efficient against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius than against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Our findings are particularly interesting from a clinical perspective, as they point to AMPs as potential therapeutic topical agents in canine pyoderma cases associated with antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci.
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10
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Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, Assil S, Buters TP, Rijsbergen M, Klaassen ES, Feiss G, Florencia E, Prens EP, Burggraaf J, van Doorn MBA, Rissmann R, Moerland M. Omiganan Enhances Imiquimod-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Skin of Healthy Volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:573-579. [PMID: 32043302 PMCID: PMC7214655 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Omiganan (OMN; a synthetic cationic peptide) and imiquimod (IMQ; a TLR7 agonist) have synergistic effects on interferon responses in vitro. The objective of this study was to translate this to a human model for proof‐of‐concept, and to explore the potential of OMN add‐on treatment for viral skin diseases. Sixteen healthy volunteers received topical IMQ, OMN, or a combination of both for up to 4 days on tape‐stripped skin. Skin inflammation was quantified by laser speckle contrast imaging and 2D photography, and molecular and cellular responses were analyzed in biopsies. IMQ treatment induced an inflammatory response of the skin. Co‐treatment with OMN enhanced this inflammatory response to IMQ, with increases in perfusion (+17.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6%–30%; P < 0.01) and erythema (+1.5; 95% CI 0.25%–2.83; P = 0.02). Interferon regulatory factor‐driven and NFκB‐driven responses following TLR7 stimulation were enhanced by OMN (increases in IL‐6, IL‐10, MXA, and IFNɣ), and more immune cell infiltration was observed (in particular CD4+, CD8+, and CD14+ cells). These findings are in line with the earlier mechanistic in vitro data, and support evaluation of imiquimod/OMN combination therapy in human papillomavirus‐induced skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Assil
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gary Feiss
- Cutanea Life Science, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin Florencia
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Barreto-Santamaría A, Patarroyo ME, Curtidor H. Designing and optimizing new antimicrobial peptides: all targets are not the same. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:351-373. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1631249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel E. Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá, Faculty of Medicine, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Hernando Curtidor
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Receptor-Ligand Department, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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12
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Arfan G, Ong CYF, Ng SMS, Lau QY, Ng FM, Ong EHQ, Hill J, Chia CSB. Designing an ultra-short antibacterial peptide with potent activity against Mupirocin-resistant MRSA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:4-11. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovinna Arfan
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Chu Yang Fann Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Siew Mei Samantha Ng
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiu Ying Lau
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Fui Mee Ng
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Esther Hong Qian Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Cheng San Brian Chia
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
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13
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Lam PL, Lee KKH, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Bian ZX, Chui CH, Gambari R. Recent advances on topical antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections and their safety concerns. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:40-78. [PMID: 28423970 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1313811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of disease-related microorganisms is considered a worldwide prevalent and serious issue which increases the failure of treatment outcomes and leads to high mortality. Considering that the increased resistance to systemic antimicrobial therapy often needs of the use of more toxic agents, topical antimicrobial therapy emerges as an attractive route for the treatment of infectious diseases. The topical antimicrobial therapy is based on the absorption of high drug doses in a readily accessible skin surface, resulting in a reduction of microbial proliferation at infected skin sites. Topical antimicrobials retain the following features: (a) they are able to escape the enzymatic degradation and rapid clearance in the gastrointestinal tract or the first-pass metabolism during oral administration; (b) alleviate the physical discomfort related to intravenous injection; (c) reduce possible adverse effects and drug interactions of systemic administrations; (d) increase patient compliance and convenience; and (e) reduce the treatment costs. Novel antimicrobials for topical application have been widely exploited to control the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. This review provides a description of antimicrobial resistance, common microorganisms causing skin and soft tissue infections, topical delivery route of antimicrobials, safety concerns of topical antimicrobials, recent advances, challenges and future prospective in topical antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lam
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - K K H Lee
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R S M Wong
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - G Y M Cheng
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , P.R. China
| | - Z X Bian
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - C H Chui
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R Gambari
- e Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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14
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Garbacz K, Kamysz W, Piechowicz L. Activity of antimicrobial peptides, alone or combined with conventional antibiotics, against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Virulence 2016; 8:94-100. [PMID: 27450039 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1213475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Garbacz
- a Department of Oral Microbiology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- b Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- c Department of Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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15
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Kosikowska P, Lesner A. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as drug candidates: a patent review (2003-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:689-702. [PMID: 27063450 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1176149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent the large group of endogenous compounds widely distributed in nature. Due to their broad spectrum of antibiotic activity, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, AMPs became a model for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs that could answer the problem of the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. AREAS COVERED The review represents a comprehensive analysis of patents and patent applications from the year 2003 to 2015 referring to the therapeutic use of AMPs. The article highlights the general trends in the design, potential mode of action, and methods of biological evaluation of AMPs. EXPERT OPINION The existing discord between the upcoming list of antimicrobial peptides claimed in the patents or related scientific articles as the potent drug candidates and the frequent failures of AMPs in clinical trials emphasize the need of a better understanding of their pleiotropic nature and mechanisms of host defense in general. Nevertheless, the encouraging examples of AMPs already introduced into the market, like Polymyxin or Fuzeon®, give some reason for optimism that development of AMPs as a novel class of antibiotics is still considered viable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Lesner
- a Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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16
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Czyzewski AM, Jenssen H, Fjell CD, Waldbrook M, Chongsiriwatana NP, Yuen E, Hancock REW, Barron AE. In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Characterization of Peptoids as Antimicrobial Agents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0135961. [PMID: 26849681 PMCID: PMC4744035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a global threat that has spurred the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimetics as novel anti-infective agents. While the bioavailability of AMPs is often reduced due to protease activity, the non-natural structure of AMP mimetics renders them robust to proteolytic degradation, thus offering a distinct advantage for their clinical application. We explore the therapeutic potential of N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, as AMP mimics using a multi-faceted approach that includes in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques. We report a new QSAR model that we developed based on 27 diverse peptoid sequences, which accurately correlates antimicrobial peptoid structure with antimicrobial activity. We have identified a number of peptoids that have potent, broad-spectrum in vitro activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. Lastly, using a murine model of invasive S. aureus infection, we demonstrate that one of the best candidate peptoids at 4 mg/kg significantly reduces with a two-log order the bacterial counts compared with saline-treated controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate the promising therapeutic potential of peptoids as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Czyzewski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Dept. of Science, Systems & Models, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Fjell
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Matt Waldbrook
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathaniel P. Chongsiriwatana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Eddie Yuen
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- * E-mail: (AEB); (REWH)
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEB); (REWH)
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17
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Papareddy P, Kasetty G, Kalle M, Bhongir RKV, Mörgelin M, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. NLF20: an antimicrobial peptide with therapeutic potential against invasivePseudomonas aeruginosainfection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:170-80. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Kalle M, Papareddy P, Kasetty G, van der Plas MJA, Mörgelin M, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. A peptide of heparin cofactor II inhibits endotoxin-mediated shock and invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102577. [PMID: 25047075 PMCID: PMC4105479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock remain important medical problems with high mortality rates. Today's treatment is based mainly on using antibiotics to target the bacteria, without addressing the systemic inflammatory response, which is a major contributor to mortality in sepsis. Therefore, novel treatment options are urgently needed to counteract these complex sepsis pathologies. Heparin cofactor II (HCII) has recently been shown to be protective against Gram-negative infections. The antimicrobial effects were mapped to helices A and D of the molecule. Here we show that KYE28, a 28 amino acid long peptide representing helix D of HCII, is antimicrobial against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the fungus Candida albicans. Moreover, KYE28 binds to LPS and thereby reduces LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by decreasing NF-κB/AP-1 activation in vitro. In mouse models of LPS-induced shock, KYE28 significantly enhanced survival by dampening the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Finally, in an invasive Pseudomonas infection model, the peptide inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the pro-inflammatory response, which lead to a significant reduction of mortality. In summary, the peptide KYE28, by simultaneously targeting bacteria and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses represents a novel therapeutic candidate for invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kalle
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gopinath Kasetty
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mariena J. A. van der Plas
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Faccone D, Veliz O, Corso A, Noguera M, Martínez M, Payes C, Semorile L, Maffía PC. Antimicrobial activity of de novo designed cationic peptides against multi-resistant clinical isolates. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 71:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Synthesis and large-scale manufacturing technologies are now available for the commercial production of even the most complex peptide anti-infectives. Married with the potential of this class of molecule as the next generation of effective, resistance-free and safe antimicrobials, and a much better understanding of their biology, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, the first regulatory approvals and introduction into clinical practice of these promising drug candidates will likely be soon. This is a key juncture in the history/life cycle of peptide anti-infectives and, perhaps, their commercial and therapeutic potential is about to be realized. This review highlights the promise of these agents as the next generation of therapeutics and summarizes the challenges faced in, and lessons learned from, the past.
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21
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Okorochenkov SA, Zheltukhina GA, Nebol'sin VE. [Antimicrobial peptides: mode of action and perspectives of practical application]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2012; 58:131-43. [PMID: 22724354 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125802131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to antimicrobial peptides (AMP's) that demonstrate activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi. It considers structure and mechanism of AMP interaction with lipid membrane and intracellular targets of pathogens. Special attention is paid to modem state and perspectives of AMP practical application and also to approaches that increase efficacy and reduce toxicity of AMP by chemical modification of their structure.
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22
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Wang KF, Nagarajan R, Mello CM, Camesano TA. Characterization of Supported Lipid Bilayer Disruption By Chrysophsin-3 Using QCM-D. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:15228-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209658y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Ramanathan Nagarajan
- Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Molecular Sciences and Engineering Team, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Charlene M. Mello
- Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Molecular Sciences and Engineering Team, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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23
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Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: An evolving role in future drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4769-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Ctriporin, a new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptide from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5220-9. [PMID: 21876042 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00369-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microbes, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, seriously threaten human health. The outbreak of "superbugs" in recent years emphasizes once again the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents or resources. Antimicrobial peptides have an evident bactericidal effect against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In the present study, a new antimicrobial peptide, ctriporin, was cloned and characterized from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus, an animal which has not yet been explored for toxic peptide resources. The MICs of ctriporin against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Candida albicans are 5 to 20 μg/ml. Meanwhile, it MIC against clinical antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is 10 μg/ml. Furthermore, the potential for ctriporin to be used as a topical antibiotic for treating staphylococcal skin infections was investigated. External use of the peptide ctriporin dramatically decreased the bacterial counts and cured skin infections in mice. In addition, ctriporin demonstrates antimicrobial efficacy via the bactericidal mechanism of rapid cell lysis. Together, these results suggest the potential of developing ctriporin as a new topical antibiotic.
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25
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Okorochenkov SA, Zheltukhina GA, Nebol’sin VE. Antimicrobial peptides: the mode of action and perspectives of practical application. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750811020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Malmsten M, Kasetty G, Pasupuleti M, Alenfall J, Schmidtchen A. Highly selective end-tagged antimicrobial peptides derived from PRELP. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16400. [PMID: 21298015 PMCID: PMC3029338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention due to resistance development against conventional antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two major pathogens involved in an array of infections such as ocular infections, cystic fibrosis, wound and post-surgery infections, and sepsis. The goal of the study was to design novel AMPs against these pathogens. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Antibacterial activity was determined by radial diffusion, viable count, and minimal inhibitory concentration assays, while toxicity was evaluated by hemolysis and effects on human epithelial cells. Liposome and fluorescence studies provided mechanistic information. Protease sensitivity was evaluated after subjection to human leukocyte elastase, staphylococcal aureolysin and V8 proteinase, as well as P. aeruginosa elastase. Highly active peptides were evaluated in ex vivo skin infection models. C-terminal end-tagging by W and F amino acid residues increased antimicrobial potency of the peptide sequences GRRPRPRPRP and RRPRPRPRP, derived from proline arginine-rich and leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP). The optimized peptides were antimicrobial against a range of gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, also in the presence of human plasma and blood. Simultaneously, they showed low toxicity against mammalian cells. Particularly W-tagged peptides displayed stability against P. aeruginosa elastase, and S. aureus V8 proteinase and aureolysin, and the peptide RRPRPRPRPWWWW-NH(2) was effective against various "superbugs" including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as demonstrated efficiency in an ex vivo skin wound model of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Hydrophobic C-terminal end-tagging of the cationic sequence RRPRPRPRP generates highly selective AMPs with potent activity against multiresistant bacteria and efficiency in ex vivo wound infection models. A precise "tuning" of toxicity and proteolytic stability may be achieved by changing tag-length and adding W- or F-amino acid tags.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopinath Kasetty
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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27
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Identification of Nor-β-Lapachone Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Compounds against Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Strain. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:684-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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28
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Easy strategy to protect antimicrobial peptides from fast degradation in serum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4003-5. [PMID: 20585128 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00300-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising novel peptide leads, but their low serum stability often limits their further consideration in drug development programs. Here, we describe a generally applicable strategy to stabilize peptides against serum proteases by replacing arginine residues with alpha-amino-3-guanidino-propionic acid (Agp). Peptide NH(2)-RRWRIVVIRVRR-CONH(2) was nearby totally degraded after 8 h in mouse serum, whereas the variant with Agp substituted was degraded less than 20%. The antimicrobial activity was not affected.
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Abstract
One of the most significant advances in medical history is the discovery and development of antibiotics, which in the middle of last century was flourishing and appeared to be the ultimate solution to the treatment of life-threatening human bacterial diseases. However, lately there has been a huge decline in the rate of discovery of new antimicrobial intervention strategies in parallel with an increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens; if these circumstances do not change we will continue to approach the end of the antibiotic era. Facing this dark future, scientists are considering new strategies for intervention tailored around the appropriate (selective) stimulation of the host's immune system, and particularly rapid acting innate immunity, as an alternative to direct targeting of microbial pathogens. One recent player in such an immunomodulatory strategy is the naturally occurring host defence peptides (HDP) and their synthetic innate defence regulator (IDR) analogues. In this chapter, we will discuss the potential therapeutic use of HDPs and IDRs as immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science, Systems, and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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30
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Maisetta G, Mangoni ML, Esin S, Pichierri G, Capria AL, Brancatisano FL, Di Luca M, Barnini S, Barra D, Campa M, Batoni G. In vitro bactericidal activity of the N-terminal fragment of the frog peptide esculentin-1b (Esc 1-18) in combination with conventional antibiotics against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Peptides 2009; 30:1622-6. [PMID: 19520127 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study the bactericidal effect of the N-terminal fragment of the frog skin peptide esculentin-1b [Esc(1-18)] in combination with clinically used antimicrobial agents was evaluated against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, either in standard conditions (phosphate buffer) or in the presence of human serum. A synergistic bactericidal effect was observed after a 24h incubation when combinations of Esc(1-18) and amikacin or colistin were used against clinical strains of S. maltophilia with or without resistance to these antibiotics, both in buffer and in the presence of serum. An indifferent effect was observed when the peptide was combined with levofloxacin or ceftazidime. A synergistic effect was also observed at earlier time points when the peptide was used in combination with colistin. Sequential exposure of bacterial cells to Esc(1-18) and amikacin or colistin, or vice versa, indicated that while Esc(1-18) and colistin cooperated in enhancing the bactericidal effect of their combination, when Esc(1-18) was combined with amikacin, the peptide had a major role in initiating the bactericidal effect, while amikacin was required for the subsequent effector phase. Altogether, the results obtained indicate that exposure of S. maltophilia to sub-bactericidal concentrations of Esc(1-18) increases its susceptibility to amikacin or colistin and may also render resistant strains susceptible to these antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, Pisa, Italy
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Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide, omiganan, in experimental skin colonisation models. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:457-61. [PMID: 19524411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Omiganan pentahydrochloride is a novel, synthetic, cationic, antimicrobial peptide that is being developed for the prevention of catheter-related infections and the treatment of acne and rosacea. In this study, the efficacy of topical omiganan gel was evaluated in two skin colonisation models (ex vivo pig skin and in vivo guinea pig skin). When tested in the ex vivo pig skin colonisation model, omiganan 0.1-2% gels exhibited potent dose-dependent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts; the maximum effect was observed at 1-2%. No significant difference was noted in activity toward meticillin-resistant and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and drug activity was not affected by the inoculum size. The antimicrobial activity of omiganan 1% gel was rapid, with a 2.7 log(10)colony-forming unit (CFU)/site reduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis counts at 1 h post application and a 5.2 log(10)CFU/site reduction at 24 h. Additional studies in the guinea pig skin colonisation model confirmed the potent antimicrobial and antifungal activities of omiganan 1% gel. In conclusion, omiganan gels have been demonstrated to be rapidly bactericidal and fungicidal, with significant dose-dependent activity against a broad spectrum of infectious organisms. These results further confirm that the drug has the potential as a topical antimicrobial agent.
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32
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Grim SA, Clark NM. The role of adjuvant agents in treating fungal diseases. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-009-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Butler MS. Natural products to drugs: natural product-derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:475-516. [PMID: 18497896 DOI: 10.1039/b514294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or are in registration (as at 31st December 2007) have been reviewed, as well as natural product-derived compounds for which clinical trials have been halted or discontinued since 2005. Also discussed are natural product-derived drugs launched since 2005, new natural product templates and late-stage development candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn 05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528.
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