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Panstruga R, Antonin W, Lichius A. Looking outside the box: a comparative cross-kingdom view on the cell biology of the three major lineages of eukaryotic multicellular life. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:198. [PMID: 37418047 PMCID: PMC10329083 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Many cell biological facts that can be found in dedicated scientific textbooks are based on findings originally made in humans and/or other mammals, including respective tissue culture systems. They are often presented as if they were universally valid, neglecting that many aspects differ-in part considerably-between the three major kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotic life, comprising animals, plants and fungi. Here, we provide a comparative cross-kingdom view on the basic cell biology across these lineages, highlighting in particular essential differences in cellular structures and processes between phyla. We focus on key dissimilarities in cellular organization, e.g. regarding cell size and shape, the composition of the extracellular matrix, the types of cell-cell junctions, the presence of specific membrane-bound organelles and the organization of the cytoskeleton. We further highlight essential disparities in important cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular transport, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cytokinesis. Our comprehensive cross-kingdom comparison emphasizes overlaps but also marked differences between the major lineages of the three kingdoms and, thus, adds to a more holistic view of multicellular eukaryotic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Lichius
- inncellys GmbH, Dorfstrasse 20/3, 6082, Patsch, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Goswami M, Jaswal S, Gupta GD, Kumar Verma S. A Comprehensive Update on Phytochemistry, Analytical Aspects, Medicinal Attributes, Specifications and Stability of Stigmasterol. Steroids 2023; 196:109244. [PMID: 37137454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are bioactive substances naturally found in plant cell membranes, and their chemical structure is comparable to cholesterol found in mammalian cells. They are widely distributed in plant foods like olive oil, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Amongst the variety of phytosterols, stigmasterol is the vital compound found abundantly in plants. Numerous hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, corticoids and androgen, are synthesized by stigmasterol. Multiple in-vitro and in-vivo investigations have shown that stigmasterol has various biological effects, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, respiratory diseases, and lipid-lowering effects. Experimental research on stigmasterol provides indisputable proof that this phytosterol has the potential to be employed in supplements used to treat the illnesses mentioned above. This substance has a high potential, making it a noteworthy medication in the future. Although several researchers have investigated this phytosterol to assess its prospective qualities, it has not yet attained therapeutic levels, necessitating additional clinical studies. This review offers a comprehensive update on stigmasterol, including chemical framework, biosynthesis, synthetic derivatives, extraction and isolation, analytical aspects, pharmacological profile, patent status, clinical trials, stability and specifications as per regulatory bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Goswami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India.
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Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
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Kim M, Park KH, Kim YB. Identifying Active Compounds and Targets of Fritillariae thunbergii against Influenza-Associated Inflammation by Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173853. [PMID: 32854331 PMCID: PMC7504253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications due to influenza are often associated with inflammation with excessive release of cytokines. The bulbs of Fritillariae thunbergii (FT) have been traditionally used to control airway inflammatory diseases, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. To elucidate active compounds, the targets, and underlying mechanisms of FT for the treatment of influenza-induced inflammation, systems biology was employed. Active compounds of FT were identified through the TCMSP database according to oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) criteria. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2), and drug half-life (HL) were also identified. Biological targets of FT were retrieved from DrugBank and STITCH databases, and target genes associated with influenza, lung, and spleen inflammation were collected from DisGeNET and NCBI databases. Compound-disease-target (C-D-T) networks were constructed and merged using Cytoscape. Target genes retrieved from the C-D-T network were further analyzed with GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. In our network, GO and KEGG results yielded two compounds (beta-sitosterol (BS) and pelargonidin (PG)), targets (PTGS1 (COX-1) and PTGS2 (COX-2)), and pathways (nitric oxide, TNF) were involved in the inhibitory effects of FT on influenza-associated inflammation. We retrieved the binding affinity of each ligand-target, and found that PG and COX-1 showed the strongest binding affinity among four binding results using a molecular docking method. We identified the potential compounds and targets of FT against influenza and suggest that FT is an immunomodulatory therapy for influenza-associated inflammation.
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Giammarioli S, Boniglia C, Di Stasio L, Gargiulo R, Mosca M, Carratù B. Phytosterols in supplements containing Serenoa repens: an example of variability of active principles in commercial plant based products. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2257-2261. [PMID: 30295072 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1490910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are one of the bioactive components responsible for the beneficial effects of Serenoa repens in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to verify the actual variability of the phytosterols content in supplements containing serenoa, in order to provide useful elements to check the effectiveness of these preparations. The amount of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were determined by gas-chromatography in commercial raw materials and supplements containing serenoa in association or not with other botanicals. The experimental data were used to calculate amounts of phytosterols for recommended daily dose. The overall results of this study show an extreme variability in the content and also in the amounts per daily dose of phytosterols of the examined supplements (both mono/multi components). These data confirm that the characterization of serenoa based supplements is insufficient to ensure comparable effects between different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Giammarioli
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Concetta Boniglia
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigia Di Stasio
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Agricultural Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Portici , Italy
| | - Raffaella Gargiulo
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Mosca
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Brunella Carratù
- a Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Srigley CT, Hansen SL, Smith SA, Abraham A, Bailey E, Chen X, Chooi SH, Clement LM, Dao M, Fardin Kia AR, Mitchell B, Mogla M, Ruano Ortiz JA, Persons K, von Kries E, Ware G, Wubben J, Cantrill R. Sterols and Stanols in Foods and Dietary Supplements Containing Added Phytosterols: A Collaborative Study. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia T. Srigley
- Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionUnited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 5001 Campus Drive College Park MD 20740 USA
| | - Steven L. Hansen
- Cargill, Minneapolis Research & Development Center, 14800 28th Avenue N Plymouth MN 55447 USA
| | - Sean A. Smith
- Cargill, Minneapolis Research & Development Center, 14800 28th Avenue N Plymouth MN 55447 USA
| | - Anjalika Abraham
- University of Manitoba, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive Winnipeg MB R3T 2E1 Canada
| | - Eileen Bailey
- DSM Nutritional Products, Analytical Sciences, 6480 Dobbin Road Columbia MD 21045 USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- University of Manitoba, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive Winnipeg MB R3T 2E1 Canada
| | - Soo Hui Chooi
- Nestlé Quality Assurance Centre (NQAC) Shah AlamNestlé Manufacturing (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Jalan Playar 15/1, P.O. Box 7010 Shah Alam Selangor 40700 Malaysia
| | - Lisa M. Clement
- Cargill, Minneapolis Research & Development Center, 14800 28th Avenue N Plymouth MN 55447 USA
| | - Michael Dao
- Cargill, Minneapolis Research & Development Center, 14800 28th Avenue N Plymouth MN 55447 USA
| | - Ali Reza Fardin Kia
- Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionUnited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 5001 Campus Drive College Park MD 20740 USA
| | - Barb Mitchell
- Covance, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard Madison WI 53704 USA
| | - Mohit Mogla
- NQACNestlé India Limited, 11 Firozpur‐Ludhiana Road Moga Punjab 142001 India
| | - Juan Antonio Ruano Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Analysis de AlimentosEl Zamorano, P.O. Box 93, Km 30 Road from Tegucigalpa to Danli Tegucigalpa 11101 Honduras
| | - Keith Persons
- Eurofins Nutrition Analysis Center, 2200 Rittenhouse Street Des Moines IA 50321 USA
| | - Edith von Kries
- BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GMBH, ILL‐ENO/HI‐025 Illertissen 89257 Germany
| | | | - Jason Wubben
- Archer Daniels Midland Company, Research Division, 1001 N. Brush College Road Decatur IL 62521 USA
| | - Richard Cantrill
- American Oil Chemists’ Society (Retired), 2710 S. Boulder Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
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Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. In vitro lipolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted pistachio kernel and skin constituents. Food Funct 2018; 7:4285-4298. [PMID: 27604963 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on pistachios to identify the differential contributions of skin and kernel phytochemicals to in vitro bioactivity. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of skin and kernel non-polar extracts (SNP and KNP, respectively) indicated that the major components are fatty acids (696.36 and 879.70 mg g-1), phytosterols (16.08 and 4.28 mg g-1), and γ-tocopherol (304.17 and 397.10 μg g-1). Analysis of the skin and kernel polar extracts (SP and KP, respectively) showed that skin accumulated higher levels of phenolic compounds, especially flavan-3-ols, compared to the kernel. An (epi)catechin hexoside was the major component in SP and KP (9.8 mg g-1 and 3.3 mg g-1, respectively). Flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization were detected in SP, but only the monomers were identified in the KP. Quercetin glycosides were the major flavonols present in both SP and KP. Bioassays with 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes demonstrated that all extracts decreased lipid accumulation, with SNP demonstrating the highest activity (17% inhibition). Bioassay guided fractionation of SNP indicated that the lipolytic activity was highest in the fraction consisting of linoleic acid (20%), linolenic acid (10%), and β-sitosterol (50%). Radical scavenging assays indicated that all pistachio extracts significantly inhibited ROS, while SP was the most inhibiting to NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Gene expression profiles associated with inflammation (IL6, iNOS, and COX2) were characterized in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages after treatment with pistachio extracts. SP and KP were the most potent to inhibit the expression of COX2. The SNP had the strongest effect in decreasing non-mitochondrial oxidative burst associated with inflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Michael A Timmers
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Jia Xiong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Gad Yousef
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
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Islam MA, Jeong BG, Jung J, Shin EC, Choi SG, Chun J. Phytosterol Determination and Method Validation for Selected Nuts and Seeds. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gong Y, Pegg RB, Carr EC, Parrish DR, Kellett ME, Kerrihard AL. Chemical and nutritive characteristics of tree nut oils available in the U.S. market. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Ronald B. Pegg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Carr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Daniel R. Parrish
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Mary E. Kellett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Adrian L. Kerrihard
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Education and Human Services; Montclair State University; Montclair NJ USA
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Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extracts. Food Chem 2016; 210:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rella A, Farnoud AM, Del Poeta M. Plasma membrane lipids and their role in fungal virulence. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:63-72. [PMID: 26703191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable evidence in recent years suggesting that plasma membrane lipids are important regulators of fungal pathogenicity. Various glycolipids have been shown to impart virulent properties in several fungal species, while others have been shown to play a role in host defense. In addition to their role as virulence factors, lipids also contribute to other virulence mechanisms such as drug resistance, biofilm formation, and release of extracellular vesicles. In addition, lipids also affect the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane through the formation of packed microdomains composed mainly of sphingolipids and sterols. Changes in the composition of lipid microdomains have been shown to disrupt the localization of virulence factors and affect fungal pathogenicity. This review gathers evidence on the various roles of plasma membrane lipids in fungal virulence and how lipids might contribute to the different processes that occur during infection and treatment. Insight into the role of lipids in fungal virulence can lead to an improved understanding of the process of fungal pathogenesis and the development of new lipid-mediated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rella
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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Tagami T, Takeda A, Asada A, Aoyama A, Doi T, Kawaguchi M, Kajimura K, Sawabe Y, Obana H, Yamasaki K. A simple and selective detection method for aristolochic acid in crude drugs using solid-phase extraction. J Nat Med 2013; 67:838-43. [PMID: 23307153 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The official Japanese method for analyzing aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in Asiasarum root using conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Sixteenth Edition. Interfering peaks of AA-I sometimes appear after HPLC analysis of crude drugs. A selective analytical method is needed to determine definitively whether AA-I is present in crude drugs. In this study, we developed a selective method that combined solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) which may be useful for identifying AA-I in crude drugs and for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Tagami
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan,
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Penugonda K, Lindshield BL. Fatty acid and phytosterol content of commercial saw palmetto supplements. Nutrients 2013; 5:3617-33. [PMID: 24067389 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Saw palmetto supplements are one of the most commonly consumed supplements by men with prostate cancer and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Some studies have found significant improvements in BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with saw palmetto supplementation, whereas others found no benefits. The variation in the efficacy in these trials may be a result of differences in the putative active components, fatty acids and phytosterols, of the saw palmetto supplements. To this end, we quantified the major fatty acids (laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate) and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol) in 20 commercially available saw palmetto supplements using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Samples were classified into liquids, powders, dried berries, and tinctures. Liquid saw palmetto supplements contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total fatty acids (908.5 mg/g), individual fatty acids, total phytosterols (2.04 mg/g), and individual phytosterols, than the other supplement categories. Powders contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total fatty acids than tinctures, which contain negligible amounts of fatty acids (46.3 mg/g) and phytosterols (0.10 mg/g). Our findings suggest that liquid saw palmetto supplements may be the best choice for individuals who want to take a saw palmetto supplement with the highest concentrations of both fatty acids and phytosterols.
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Dinh TTN, Thompson LD, Galyean ML, Brooks JC, Patterson KY, Boylan LM. Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kassis NM, Beamer SK, Matak KE, Tou JC, Jaczynski J. Nutritional composition of novel nutraceutical egg products developed with omega-3-rich oils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clement LM, Hansen SL, Costin CD, Perri GL. Quantitation of Sterols and Steryl Esters in Fortified Foods and Beverages by GC/FID. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010; 87:973-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li S, Han Q, Qiao C, Song J, Lung Cheng C, Xu H. Chemical markers for the quality control of herbal medicines: an overview. Chin Med 2008; 3:7. [PMID: 18588699 PMCID: PMC2488332 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of chemical markers is crucial for the quality control of herbal medicines, including authentication of genuine species, harvesting the best quality raw materials, evaluation of post-harvesting handling, assessment of intermediates and finished products, and detection of harmful or toxic ingredients. Ideal chemical markers should be the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. However, for most herbal medicines, the therapeutic components have not been fully elucidated or easily monitored. Bioactive, characteristic, main, synergistic, correlative, toxic and general components may be selected. This article reviews the effective use of chemical markers in the quality control of herbal medicines including the selection criteria considering the roles and physicochemical factors which may affect the effective use of chemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Quanbin Han
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Qiao
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jingzheng Song
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chuen Lung Cheng
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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