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Devadasan MJ, Ramesha KP, Ramesh P, Kootimole CN, Jeyakumar S, Ashwitha A, Ammankallu S, Rai AB, Kumaresan A, Vedamurthy VG, Raju R, Das DN, Kataktalware MA, Prasad TSK. Exploring molecular dynamic indicators associated with reproductive performance of Bos indicus cattle in blood plasma samples through data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2023; 285:104950. [PMID: 37321300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving reproductive performance of cattle is of paramount importance for sustainable dairy farming. Poor reproduction performance (RP) hinders the genetic improvement of important Bos indicus cattle breeds. It is well known that incorporation of molecular information along with conventional breeding method is far better than use of conventional method alone for the genetic improvement of reproductive performance traits in cattle. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the plasma proteome of the Deoni cows in cyclical (n = 6) and pregnant (n = 6) reproductive phases with varying reproductive performance (high and low). High-throughput data independent acquisition (DIA) based proteomics was performed to understand corresponding proteome. We identified a total of 430 plasma proteins. Among cyclic cows, twenty proteins were differentially regulated in low RP as compared to high RP. BARD1 and AFP proteins were observed upregulated in cyclical cows whose upregulation reported to affect reproductive performance in cattle. Among the pregnant cows, thirty-five proteins were differentially regulated, including the downregulation of FGL2 and ZNFX1 that modulates the maternal immune response mechanism which is required for successful implantation of the embryo. Also, proteins such as AHSG, CLU and SERPINA6 were upregulated in the pregnant cows whose upregulation reported to reduced reproductive performance. The results of this study will be helpful in establishing a framework for future research on the aspect of improving reproductive performance in Bos indicus cattle breeds. SIGNIFICANCE: The Indian subcontinent is the center of domestication for Bos indicus cattle breeds and they are known for their disease resistance, heat tolerance, ability to survive in low input regime and harsh climatic conditions. In recent times, population of many important Bos indicus breeds including Deoni cattle is declining due to various factors, especially due to reproductive performance. Traditional breeding methods are not sufficient enough to understand and improve the reproductive performance traits in important Bos indicus cattle breeds. Proteomics approach is a promising technology to understand the complex biological factors which leads to poor reproductive performance in cattle. The present study utilized DIA based LC- MS/MS analysis to identify the plasma proteins associated with reproductive performance in cyclical and pregnant cows. This study if improved further, can be used to develop potential protein markers associated with reproductive performance which is useful for the selection and genetic improvement of important Bos indicus breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joel Devadasan
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - Kerekoppa P Ramesha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India.
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Centre for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kootimole
- Centre for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - A Ashwitha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - Shruthi Ammankallu
- Centre for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Akhila Balakrishna Rai
- Centre for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - Veerappa G Vedamurthy
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - D N Das
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
| | - Mukund A Kataktalware
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Banglore 560030, India
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2
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Barroso JPR, de Castro Ferraz Junior MV, Oliveira GB, Miszura AA, Bertoloni AV, Martins AS, Baggio M, Polizel DM, Biava JS, Ferreira EM, Pires AV. Effect of sires' expected progeny difference for scrotal circumference and juvenile ADG on the puberty of crossbred beef heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:230. [PMID: 37256457 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The early attainment of puberty in heifers is essential for the profitability of the cow-calf farm. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of juvenile average daily gain (ADG) and sire's expected progeny difference (EPD) on puberty of crossbred beef heifers. Sixty Angus × Nellore heifers early weaned (age = 102 ± 4.3 d; initial BW = 103 ± 4.7 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factor 1 was the sire's EPD for scrotal circumference, in which heifers born from sires with positive EPD were considered precocious (P), and heifers born from sires with negative EPD were considered non-precocious (NP). The factor 2 was the high (HG; ADG = 0.9 kg; ad libitum) and medium ADG (MG; ADG = 0.7 kg) from 3rd to 7th month of age (1st phase). After 1st phase until puberty, all heifers were fed ad libitum (2nd phase). Statistical analysis was performed by SAS. There was an interaction between factors for DMI in the 1st phase (P = 0.02), which PHG heifers had higher DMI than NPHG. There was no effect on puberty rate, BW, age and BCS at puberty comparing HG vs. MG. However, favorable sires' EPD for scrotal circumference induced a higher proportion of puberty (P 87% vs. NP 59%) at 15 months of age. Thus, the ADG in juvenile age did not affect puberty rate, but sires with positive EPD increased puberty rate of Angus × Nellore heifers in heifers fed a high gain diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Paulo Roman Barroso
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Bagio Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Arantes Miszura
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | - Analisa Vasques Bertoloni
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | - André Storti Martins
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Baggio
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385000, Brasil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FMVZ/Unesp), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brasil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brasil.
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brasil.
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Sajjanar B, Aalam MT, Khan O, Tanuj GN, Sahoo AP, Manjunathareddy GB, Gandham RK, Dhara SK, Gupta PK, Mishra BP, Dutt T, Singh G. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals different heat shock responses in indigenous (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle. Genes Environ 2023; 45:17. [PMID: 37127630 PMCID: PMC10152620 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental heat stress in dairy cattle leads to poor health, reduced milk production and decreased reproductive efficiency. Multiple genes interact and coordinate the response to overcome the impact of heat stress. The present study identified heat shock regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genome-wide expression patterns for cellular stress response were compared between two genetically distinct groups of cattle viz., Hariana (B. indicus) and Vrindavani (B. indicus X B. taurus). In addition to major heat shock response genes, oxidative stress and immune response genes were also found to be affected by heat stress. Heat shock proteins such as HSPH1, HSPB8, FKB4, DNAJ4 and SERPINH1 were up-regulated at higher fold change in Vrindavani compared to Hariana cattle. The oxidative stress response genes (HMOX1, BNIP3, RHOB and VEGFA) and immune response genes (FSOB, GADD45B and JUN) were up-regulated in Vrindavani whereas the same were down-regulated in Hariana cattle. The enrichment analysis of dysregulated genes revealed the biological functions and signaling pathways that were affected by heat stress. Overall, these results show distinct cellular responses to heat stress in two different genetic groups of cattle. This also highlight the long-term adaptation of B. indicus (Hariana) to tropical climate as compared to the crossbred (Vrindavani) with mixed genetic makeup (B. indicus X B. taurus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Tanzeel Aalam
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Khan
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunturu Narasimha Tanuj
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Prasad Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujoy K Dhara
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen K Gupta
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Physiology and Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragín IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed.
Materials and Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs).
Results: The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs.
Conclusion: The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
Keywords: climate change, external environment, heat shock proteins, heat stress, mRNA, temperature-humidity index.
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5
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragán IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023; 16:601-606. [PMID: 37041848 PMCID: PMC10082753 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed. Materials and Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Results The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs. Conclusion The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Taborda-Charris
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Heinner Fabian Uribe-García
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Rafael J. Otero-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Mejoramiento Genético Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Sucre, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Corporación de Ciencias Biotecnológicas, Embriotecno, Montería 230029, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastian Naranjo-Gomez
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán, e-mail: Co-authors: JCT: , RR: , MPH: , HFU: , RJO: , JSN: , KJL:
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6
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Ramesha KP, Jeyakumar S, Mall S, Vedamurthy GV, Kumaresan A, Devadasn MJ, Kataktalware MA, Arul D, Das DN, Manimaran A. Anti-Müllerian hormone as an endocrine biomarker of reproductive longevity and assessment of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in AMH gene of Bos indicus breeds of cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1450-1464. [PMID: 35916244 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily produced by follicular granulosa cells (GCs) in women and cattle and is considered an endocrine biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve. The study examined how age and parity influence serum AMH concentration and investigated the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in AMH gene in Bos indicus breeds viz Malnad Gidda Amritmahal and Hallikar. All five exons of AMH gene amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were subjected to Sanger sequencing and identified important SNP and its effects. We observed a highly significant relationship between parity and AMH concentration in Amritmahal cattle, whereas Malnad Gidda and Hallikar breeds did not show a significant difference. We identified one SNP located in exon 5 (rs21402788) with base change A>G, a non-synonymous mutation resulting in a change in amino acid Q>R and the protein product. It is concluded that AMH level could be considered as an indicator of the ovarian reserve and productive herd life (longevity) irrespective of age/parity, especially in Bos indicus breeds of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Ramesha
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shweta Mall
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - G V Vedamurthy
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Joel Devadasn
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mukund A Kataktalware
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - D Arul
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - D N Das
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Manimaran
- Protegenomics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India
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Araújo ACR, Cooke RF, Claro Junior I, Sá Filho OG, Borges CMS, Sampaio PSL, Cocenza BB, Romero RSR, Tanner JHLM, Vasconcelos JLM. Impacts of postpartum length at the initiation of the fixed-time artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy rates of Bos indicus beef cows. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac095. [PMID: 36158170 PMCID: PMC9491844 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortest interval between calving and initiation of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols recommended in Brazilian cow–calf systems is 30 d, based on research that characterized uterine involution and incidence of uterine disorders in Bos taurus females. Prevalence of uterine disorders such as subclinical endometritis is limited in Nelore (B. indicus) cows as early as 28 d after calving. We hypothesized that Nelore cows can receive an FTAI protocol as early as 20 d postpartum (DPP) and still experience satisfactory reproductive results. This study evaluated pregnancy rates in 5,258 Nelore cows (n = 1,703 primiparous and 3,555 multiparous) according to DPP at the initiation of the FTAI protocol. Cow body condition score (BCS) was recorded at FTAI, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed ~30 d after FTAI. Cows were ranked within parity by DPP at the initiation of the FTAI protocol and classified according to 5-d intervals (e.g., ≤15 DPP, 16 to 20 DPP, 21 to 26 DPP, until cows with ≥76 DPP). Data were analyzed within parity, using cow as experimental unit and orthogonal polynomial contrasts (linear, quadratic, or cubic) generated using the mean DPP of each DPP class. In both parities, cow BCS at FTAI decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with the advance of DPP (e.g., 4.79, 4.00, and 3.73 in primiparous, and 4.95, 3.70, and 3.23 in multiparous cows classified as ≤15 DPP, 36 to 40 DPP, ≥76 DPP, respectively). The pregnancy rate to FTAI was affected quadratically (P < 0.01) by DPP for both parities. In primiparous cows, the pregnancy rate increased until 36 to 40 DPP (60%), remained near this level until 51 to 60 DPP, and then decreased with the advance of DPP, whereas cows classified as 21 to 25 DPP expressed satisfactory results (41.5%). In multiparous cows, the pregnancy rate increased until 46 to 50 DPP (70.8%), remained near this level until 56 to 60 DPP, and then decreased with the advance of DPP, whereas cows classified as 21 to 25 DPP also expressed satisfactory results (63.6%). Collectively, primiparous and multiparous Nelore cows evaluated herein experienced optimal pregnancy rates when the FTAI protocol was initiated within 30 to 60 DPP, although reasonable outcomes were observed when the FTAI protocol was initiated as early as 21 DPP. Hence, the interval between calving and initiation of the FTAI protocol can be shortened by 10 d in Nelore females and still yield acceptable pregnancy rates, which can be of great value to cows that calve immediately prior to or during the annual breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara R Araújo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu, SP 18618-970 , Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77845 , USA
| | | | - Ocilon G Sá Filho
- Zoetis Animal Health – GERAR Group , São Paulo, SP 04583-110 , Brazil
| | - Carlos M S Borges
- Zoetis Animal Health – GERAR Group , São Paulo, SP 04583-110 , Brazil
| | - Paulo S L Sampaio
- Zoetis Animal Health – GERAR Group , São Paulo, SP 04583-110 , Brazil
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8
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Carvalho RS, Cooke RF, Cappellozza BI, Peres RFG, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Influence of body condition score and its change after parturition on pregnancy rates to fixed-timed artificial insemination in Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107028. [PMID: 35759852 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus beef cows according to their body condition score (BCS) at calving and subsequent change until 30 days after FTAI. Non-pregnant, suckling Nelore cows (n = 593 primiparous, 461 secundiparous, and 893 multiparous) were evaluated for BCS at calving and FTAI, and at 30 days after FTAI when cow pregnancy status was verified. Cow BCS at calving was subtracted from BCS recorded at pregnancy diagnosis, and cows classified as those that lost BCS (L), maintained BCS (M), or gained BCS (G) during this period. Cows that calved with BCS ≥ 5.0 had greater (P < 0.01) BCS throughout the experiment, and greater (P < 0.01) pregnancy rates to FTAI compared with cows that calved with BCS < 5.0 (54.8 vs. 34.2%). Pregnancy rates to FTAI were greater (P < 0.01) for G and M cows compared with L cows (50.0%, 47.5%, and 36.0%, respectively), and similar (P = 0.46) between G and M cows. Moreover, pregnancy rates to FTAI in G cows that calved with BCS < 5.0 were less compared with L (tendency; P = 0.08) and M cows (P < 0.01) that calved with BCS ≥ 5.0 (42.2%, 48.3%, and 58.3%, respectively). In summary, pregnancy rates to FTAI were greater in B. indicus cows that calved with a BCS ≥ 5.0 regardless of parity and post-calving BCS change, and greater in M and G cows within those that calved with BCS < 5.0 or ≥ 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Carvalho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.
| | | | - R F G Peres
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil.
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Identification of Reference Genes for Expression Studies in the Whole-Blood from Three Cattle Breeds under Two States of Livestock Weather Safety. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113073. [PMID: 34827805 PMCID: PMC8614315 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reductions in the fertility, body weight, and growth rate of cattle across the world are associated with the global warming phenomenon. Developing optimal management strategies is an important aspect of breeding programs for different breeds. Blood tissue undergoes dramatic physiological and metabolic changes during heat stress conditions, which involves the expression and regulation of a great number of genes across species. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a method for the rapid and reliable quantification of mRNA transcription. Reference genes are used to normalize mRNA levels between different samples. Thus, the selection of high-quality reference genes is necessary for the interpretation of data generated by real-time PCR. Abstract Real-time PCR is widely used to study the relative abundance of mRNA due to its specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability quantification. However, relative quantification requires a reference gene, which should be stable in its expression, showing lower variation by experimental conditions or tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the expression of five commonly used reference genes (actb, ywhaz, b2m, sdha, and 18s rRNA) at different physiological stages (alert and emergency) in three different cattle breeds. In this study, five genes (actb, ywhaz, b2m, sdha, and 18s rRNA) were selected as candidate reference genes for expression studies in the whole blood from three cattle breeds (Romosinuano, Gyr, and Brahman) under heat stress conditions. The transcription stability of the candidate reference genes was evaluated using geNorm and NormFinder. The results showed that actb, 18SrRNA, and b2m expression were the most stable reference genes for whole blood of Gyr and Brahman breeds under two states of livestock weather safety (alert and emergency). Meanwhile, actb, b2m, and ywhaz were the most stable reference genes for the Romosinuano breed.
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10
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Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle Production in Brazil through Animal Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beef cattle production is an important agricultural activity in Brazil, which influences environmental and resource consumption. This study analyzed greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts from 17 farms, representing the Brazil’s productive system and determined possible improvements in the production chain. Methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide emissions were evaluated using the updated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories. The GHG inventory included emissions from animals, feeds, and “cradle-to-farm-gate” operations for animal management. Regression analyses of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions and productive indices were performed to identify possible GHG emission hotspots. The results varied considerably among the farms. The GHG yield ranged from 8.63 to 50.88 CO2eq kg carcass−1. The productive indices of average daily gain (p < 0.0001), area productivity (p = 0.058), and slaughtering age (p < 0.0001) were positively correlated with GHG yield. However, no correlation was found with the stocking rate (p = 0.21). The production chain could be improved through accurate animal management strategies that reduce the slaughtering age and daily weight gain individually or per area using pasture management and strategic animal supplementation, which could subsequently reduce GHG emissions in beef cattle production.
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11
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Effect of genomic X-chromosome regions on Nelore bull fertility. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:655-659. [PMID: 34145524 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Scrotal circumference (SC) is a commonly used trait related to sexual precocity in bulls. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered a lot of genes related to this trait, however, only those present on autosomes. The inclusion of the second biggest chromosome (BTAX) can improve the knowledge of the genetic architecture of this trait. In this study, we performed a weighted, single-step, genome-wide association study using a 777 k BovineHD BeadChip (IllumHD) to analyze the association between SNPs and SC in Brazilian Nelore cattle. Phenotypes from 79,300 males and 3263 genotypes (2017 from females and 1246 from males)-(39,367 SNPs markers located at ChrX) were used. We identified eight regions on chromosome X that displayed important associations with SC. The results showed that together the genomic windows explained 28.52% of the genetic variance for the examined trait. Genes with potential functions in reproduction and fertility regulation were highlighted as candidates for sexual precocity rates in Nelore cattle (AFF2 and PJA1). Moreover, we found 10 genes that had not previously been identified as being associated with sexual precocity traits in cattle. These findings will further advance our understanding of the genetic architecture, considering mainly the presence of the chromosome X, for indicine cattle reproductive traits, being useful in the context of genomic prediction in beef cattle.
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Cappellozza BI, Cooke RF, Harvey KM. Omega-6 Fatty Acids: A Sustainable Alternative to Improve Beef Production Efficiency. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061764. [PMID: 34204706 PMCID: PMC8231484 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The global beef industry is currently challenged with improving production efficiency while fostering judicious use of limited natural resources. Sustainable management systems are warranted to ensure that worldwide demands for beef and ecological stewardship are met. Supplementing cattle with omega-6 fatty acids is a nutritional intervention shown to sustainably enhance productivity across different sectors of the beef industry. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent research that describes the advantages of supplementing omega-6 fatty acids on traits that are critical to beef production efficiency, including reproduction, immunocompetence, growth, and quality of carcass and beef products. Abstract Global beef production must increase in the next decades to meet the demands of a growing population, while promoting sustainable use of limited natural resources. Supplementing beef cattle with omega-6 fatty acids (FAs) is a nutritional approach shown to enhance production efficiency, with research conducted across different environments and sectors of the beef industry. Omega-6 FA from natural feed ingredients such as soybean oil are highly susceptible to ruminal biohydrogenation. Hence, our and other research groups have used soybean oil in the form of Ca soaps (CSSO) to lessen ruminal biohydrogenation, and maximize delivery of omega-6 FA to the duodenum for absorption. In cow–calf systems, omega-6 FA supplementation to beef cows improved pregnancy success by promoting the establishment of early pregnancy. Cows receiving omega-6 FA during late gestation gave birth to calves that were healthier and more efficient in the feedlot, suggesting the potential role of omega-6 FA on developmental programming. Supplementing omega-6 FA to young cattle also elicited programming effects toward improved adipogenesis and carcass quality, and improved calf immunocompetence upon a stress stimulus. Cattle supplemented with omega-6 FA during growing or finishing periods also experienced improved performance and carcass quality. All these research results were generated using cattle of different genetic composition (Bos taurus and B. indicus influenced), and in different environments (tropical, subtropical, and temperate region). Hence, supplementing omega-6 FA via CSSO is a sustainable approach to enhance the production efficiency of beef industries across different areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinaldo Fernandes Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-458-2703
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13
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Peres R, Cooke R, Dias H, Keisler D, Pohler K, Vasconcelos J. Relationship among serum metabolic hormones with pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus beef females. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Colombo EA, Cooke RF, Brandão AP, Wiegand JB, Schubach KM, Duff GC, Gouvêa VN, Cappellozza BI. Administering an appeasing substance to optimize performance and health responses in feedlot receiving cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5929308. [PMID: 33068399 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of administering a bovine appeasing substance (BAS) at feedlot entry to receiving cattle. Angus-influenced steers (n = 342) from 16 sources were purchased from an auction yard on day -1, and transported (12 hr; 4 trucks) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on day 0, shrunk body weight (BW; 240 ± 1 kg) was recorded and steers were ranked by load, shrunk BW, and source and assigned to receive BAS (IRSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). The BAS is a mixture of fatty acids that replicate the composition of the bovine appeasing pheromone. Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to each individual steer on their nuchal skin area. Steers were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free-choice diet until day 46. Steers were assessed daily for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs, and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer unshrunk BW was recorded on days 7, 17, 31, 45, and 46. Shrunk BW on day 0 was added an 8% shrink to represent initial BW, and final BW was calculated by averaging BW from days 45 and 46. Blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen on days 0, 7, 11, 31, and 45. Pen was considered the experimental unit. Steer BW gain was greater (P = 0.04) in BAS vs. CON (1.01 vs. 0.86 kg/d, SEM = 0.05). Feed intake did not differ (P = 0.95) between treatments, resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON (171 vs. 142 g/kg, SEM = 10). Plasma cortisol concentration was greater (P = 0.05) and plasma glucose concentration was less in CON vs. BAS on day 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07 and <0.01, respectively). Mean plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater (P < 0.01) in BAS vs. CON (3.23 and 2.75 mg/mL; SEM = 0.12). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON from days 6 to 10 and days 19 to 23 (treatment × day; P < 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.20) between treatments (82.4% vs. 76.6%, respectively; SEM = 3.2). A greater proportion (P = 0.04) of BAS steers diagnosed with BRD required one antimicrobial treatment to regain health compared with CON (59.3% vs. 47.6%, SEM = 4.2). Hence, BAS administration to steers upon feedlot arrival improved BW gain during a 45-d receiving period by enhancing feed efficiency. Moreover, results suggest that BAS improved steer performance by facilitating early detection of BRD signs, lessening the disease recurrence upon first antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jacob B Wiegand
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kelsey M Schubach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Prairie Research Unit, Mississippi State University, Prairie, MS
| | - Glenn C Duff
- Clayton Livestock Research Center, New Mexico State University, Clayton, NM
| | - Vinícius N Gouvêa
- Clayton Livestock Research Center, New Mexico State University, Clayton, NM
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15
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Noronha IM, Cooke RF, Martins CFG, Oliveira Filho RV, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Administering an additional prostaglandin F 2α injection to Bos indicus beef cows during a treatment regimen for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106535. [PMID: 32828410 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate if an additional prostaglandin F2α (PG) injection during an estradiol-based estrous synchronization treatment regimen affects pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Nelore cows. In Experiment 1, 1039 cows were administered estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone releasing device (CIDR) on d -11, an injection of PG on d -4, with CIDR removal and administration of estradiol cypionate and eCG occurring on d -2, and FTAI on d 0. Cows were administered an additional injection of PG (PG2) or saline (PG1) on d -2. Percentage pregnancy per FTAI on d 30 was greater (P = 0.01) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group (54.5 % and 46.6 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was use of the same treatment regimen for estrous synchronization of 934 cows as that for Experiment 1 followed by FTAI, with there being diagnosis of whether cows had or did not have a corpus luteum on d -4. Response to estrous synchronization, largest follicle diameter at FTAI, and pregnancy per FTAI were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group with a body condition score (BCS) < 5.0 at FTAI (81.2 % and 72.6 %, 11.9 and 11.2 mm, 55.5 and 45.6 %; respectively). These treatment responses did not differ (P ≥ 0.18) in cows with BCS ≥ 5.0. Collectively, results indicate that treatment with PG2 increased pregnancy per FTAI in B. indicus cows deficient in body energy reserves, by enhancing follicle development and estrous synchronization response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Noronha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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16
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Cooke RF, Daigle CL, Moriel P, Smith SB, Tedeschi LO, Vendramini JMB. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: social, nutritional, and carcass quality considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa014. [PMID: 31955200 PMCID: PMC7023624 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef production needs to increase from 60 million to 130 million tons by 2050 to feed a growing world population, and 70% of this production increase is expected from beef industries located in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Bos indicus-influenced cattle predominate in these regions but are often managed using practices developed for Bos taurus breeds reared in temperate climates. Hence, a fundamental step to meet the increasing global demand for beef is to develop specific management for B. indicus-influenced cattle in tropical or subtropical environments. Bos taurus and B. indicus are different subspecies, and diverge in social and biological functions due to selection pressure caused by complex evolutionary and domestication processes. Bos indicus cattle display different social responses compared with B. taurus counterparts, which must be taken into account by management planning as these traits directly impact cattle performance and welfare. In tropical and subtropical regions, warm-season perennial C4 grasses are the dominant forages, and their availability has a significant influence on the productivity of beef cattle systems. The resilience of C4 grasses under adverse conditions is one of their most important characteristics, even though these forages have reduced nutritive value compared with forages from temperate climates. Accordingly, nutritional planning in tropical and subtropical conditions must include management to optimize the quantity and quality of C4 forages. Nutritional requirements of cattle raised within these conditions also require special attention, including inherent metabolic compromises to cope with environmental constraints and altered energy requirements due to body composition and heat tolerance. Nutritional interventions to enhance beef production need to be specifically tailored and validated in B. indicus-influenced cattle. As an example, supplementation programs during gestation or early life to elicit fetal programming or metabolic imprinting effects, respectively, yield discrepant outcomes between subspecies. Bos indicus-influenced cattle produce carcasses with less marbling than B. taurus cattle, despite recent genetic and management advances. This outcome is mostly related to reduced intramuscular adipocyte volume in B. indicus breeds, suggesting a lesser need for energy stored intramuscularly as a mechanism to improve thermotolerance in tropical and subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Courtney L Daigle
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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