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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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Kjeldsen MH, Weisbjerg MR, Larsen M, Højberg O, Ohlsson C, Walker N, Hellwing ALF, Lund P. Gas exchange, rumen hydrogen sinks, and nutrient digestibility and metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and cracked rapeseed. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2047-2065. [PMID: 37863291 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Fat in the form of cracked rapeseed and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP, market as Bovaer) were fed alone or in combination to 4 Danish Holstein multicannulated dairy cows, with the objective to investigate effects on gas exchange, dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestion, and nutrient metabolism. The study design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 levels of fat supplementation; 33 g of crude fat per kg of dry matter (DM) or 64 g of crude fat per kg of DM for low and high fat diets, respectively, and 2 levels of 3-NOP; 0 mg/kg DM or 80 mg/kg DM. In total, 4 diets were formulated: low fat (LF), high fat (HF), 3-NOP and low fat (3LF), and 3-NOP and high fat (3HF). Cows were fed ad libitum and milked twice daily. The adaptation period lasted 11 d, followed by 5 d with 12 diurnal sampling times of digesta and ruminal fluid. Thereafter, gas exchange was measured for 5 d in respiration chambers. Chromic oxide and titanium dioxide were used as external flow markers to determine intestinal nutrient flow. No interactions between fat supplementation and 3-NOP were observed for methane yield (g/kg DM), total-tract digestibility of nutrients or total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen. Methane yield (g/kg DMI) was decreased by 24% when cows were fed 3-NOP. In addition, 3-NOP increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen yield (g/kg DM) by 6% and 3,500%, respectively. However, carbon dioxide production was decreased when expressed on a daily basis. Fat supplementation did not affect methane yield but tended to reduce methane in percent of gross energy intake. A decrease (11%) in DMI was observed, when cows were fed 3-NOP. Likely, the lower DMI mediated a lower passage rate causing the tendency to higher rumen and total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility, when the cows were fed 3-NOP. Total VFA concentrations in the rumen were negatively affected both by 3-NOP and fat supplementation. Furthermore, 3-NOP caused a shift in the VFA fermentation profile, with decreased acetate proportion and increased butyrate proportion, whereas propionate proportion was unaffected. Increased concentrations of the alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and 2-butanol were observed in the ruminal fluid when cows were fed 3-NOP. These changes in rumen metabolites indicate partial re-direction of hydrogen into other hydrogen sinks, when methanogenesis is inhibited by 3-NOP. In conclusion, fat supplementation did not reduce methane yield, whereas 3-NOP reduced methane yield, irrespective of fat level. However, the concentration of 3-NOP and diet composition and resulting desired mitigation effect must be considered before implementation. The observed reduction in DMI with 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM was intriguing and may indicate that a lower dose should be applied in a Northern European context; however, the mechanism behind needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Kjeldsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Anne Louise F Hellwing
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
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3
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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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4
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Kirwan SF, Tamassia LFM, Walker ND, Karagiannis A, Kindermann M, Waters SM. Effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane production, rumen fermentation, and performance in young growing beef cattle offered a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad399. [PMID: 38038711 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent requirement internationally to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Dietary supplementation with feed additives is one possible strategy under investigation as an effective solution. The effects of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) at reducing CH4 emissions in beef have been shown mainly in adult cattle consuming backgrounding and high-energy finishing diets. In this study, the effects of dietary supplementation of young growing (≤6 mo) beef cattle with 3-NOP were examined in a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet. A total of 68 Dairy × Beef (Aberdeen Angus and Hereford dairy cross) male calves (≤6 mo of age at the start of experiment, body weight: 147 ± 38 kg) underwent a 3-wk acclimatization period and were then assigned to one of two treatments in a completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments were (1) control, placebo (no 3-NOP), and (2) 3-NOP applied at 150 mg kg-1 DM. Calves were fed a partial mixed ration for 12 wk. Body weight was recorded weekly and feed intake daily using the Calan Broadbent feeding system. Methane and hydrogen emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Total weight gained, dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain were not affected by 3-NOP (P > 0.05) supplementation. On average, the inclusion of 3-NOP decreased (P < 0.001) CH4 emissions: g d-1; g kg-1 DMI; by 30.6% and 27.2%, respectively, during the study with a greater reduction occurring over time. Incorporating 3-NOP into beef cattle diets is an efficient solution to decrease CH4 emissions during indoor feeding and when offered 50:50 forage:concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart F Kirwan
- Animal Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, IrelandC15 PW93
| | - Luis F M Tamassia
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola D Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Alexios Karagiannis
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, IrelandC15 PW93
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5
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Maigaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Johansen M, Walker N, Ohlsson C, Lund P. Effects of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol and their combinations on methane emission, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:220-241. [PMID: 37690719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of individual and combined use of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on dairy cows' enteric methane (CH4) emission and production performance. Twenty-four primiparous and 24 multiparous Danish Holstein cows (111 ± 44.6 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were included in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square design with six 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement aiming for 2 levels of FAT (30 or 63 g of crude fat/kg of dry matter [DM]; LF or HF, respectively), 2 levels of NITRATE (0 or 10 g of nitrate/kg of DM; UREA or NIT, respectively), and 2 levels of 3-NOP (0 or 80 mg/kg DM; BLANK or NOP, respectively). Treatments were included in ad libitum-fed partial mixed rations in bins that automatically measured feed intake and eating behavior. Additional concentrate was offered as bait in GreenFeed units used for measurement of gas emission. For total DM intake (DMI), a FAT × NITRATE interaction showed that DMI, across parities and levels of 3-NOP, was unaffected by separate fat supplementation, but reduced by nitrate with 4.6% and synergistically decreased (significant 2-way interaction) with 13.0% when fat and nitrate were combined. Additionally, 3-NOP decreased DMI by 13.4% and the combination of 3-NOP with fat and nitrate decreased DMI in an additive way (no significant 3-way interaction). The decreasing effects on DMI were more pronounced in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows. For treatments with largest reductions in DMI, eating behavior was altered toward more frequent, but smaller meals, a slower eating rate and increased attempts to visit unassigned feed bins. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield increased by 6.3% with fat supplementation, whereas ECM yield did not differ among diets including nitrate (FAT × NITRATE interaction). Cows supplemented with 3-NOP had 9.0% lower ECM yield than cows fed no 3-NOP. Based on three 2-way interactions including FAT, NITRATE, and 3-NOP, the combined use of the additives resulted in antagonistic effects on CH4 reduction. A 6% to 7% reduction in CH4 yield (CH4/kg of DMI) could be ascribed to the effect of fat, a 12% to 13% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of nitrate and an 18% to 23% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of 3-NOP. Hence, no combinations of additives resulted in CH4 yield-reductions that were greater than what was obtained by separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination. The CH4 yield reduction potential of additives was similar between parities. Increased apparent total-tract digestibility of organic matter (OM) in cows fed combinations including nitrate or 3-NOP was a result of a NITRATE × 3-NOP interaction. Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM was also increased by fat supplementation. These increases reflected observed decreases in DMI. In conclusion, combined use of fat, nitrate, and 3-NOP in all combinations did not result in CH4 reductions that were greater than separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination (3-NOP > nitrate > fat). Additionally, separate supplementation of some additives and combined use of all additives reduced DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marianne Johansen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Vadroňová M, Šťovíček A, Jochová K, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Tichá D, Homolka P, Joch M. Combined effects of nitrate and medium-chain fatty acids on methane production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial populations in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21961. [PMID: 38081855 PMCID: PMC10713576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of nitrate (NT) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including C8, C10, C12, and C14, on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen bacteria using a 24 h batch incubation technique. Four types of treatments were used: control (no nitrate, no MCFA), NT (nitrate at 3.65 mM), NT + MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + one of the four MCFA at 500 mg/L), and NT + MCFA/MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + a binary combination of MCFA at 250 and 250 mg/L). All treatments decreased (P < 0.001) methanogenesis (mL/g dry matter incubated) compared with the control, but their efficiency was dependent on the MCFA type. The most efficient CH4 inhibitor was the NT + C10 treatment (- 40%). The combinations containing C10 and C12 had the greatest effect on bacterial alpha and beta diversity and relative microbial abundance (P < 0.001). Next-generation sequencing showed that the family Succinivibrionaceae was favored in treatments with the greatest CH4 inhibition at the expense of Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Archaea decreased (P < 0.05) in the NT + C10 and NT + C10/C12 treatments. These results confirm that the combination of NT with MCFA (C10 and C12 in particular) may effectively reduce CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Šťovíček
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jochová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Výborná
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Tyrolová
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Tichá
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Homolka
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hristov AN. Perspective: Could dairy cow nutrition meaningfully reduce the carbon footprint of milk production? J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7336-7340. [PMID: 37641304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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Gao Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Lan X, An J, Shen W, Wan F. Recent advances in feed and nutrition of beef cattle in China - A review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:529-539. [PMID: 36108687 PMCID: PMC9996267 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world's third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jishan An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Alemu AW, Gruninger RJ, Zhang XM, O’Hara E, Kindermann M, Beauchemin KA. 3-Nitrooxypropanol supplementation of a forage diet decreased enteric methane emissions from beef cattle without affecting feed intake and apparent total-tract digestibility. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad001. [PMID: 36617172 PMCID: PMC9904186 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of ruminant diets with the methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; DSM Nutritional Products, Switzerland) is a promising greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. However, most studies have used high grain or mixed forage-concentrate diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a high-forage diet (90% forage DM basis) with 3-NOP on dry matter (DM) intake, rumen fermentation and microbial community, salivary secretion, enteric gas emissions, and apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial body weight (BW) ± SD, 515 ± 40.5 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a crossover design with 49-d periods. Dietary treatments were: 1) control (no 3-NOP supplementation); and 2) 3-NOP (control + 150 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). After a 16-d diet adaption, DM intake was recorded daily. Rumen contents were collected on days 17 and 28 for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis, whereas ruminal pH was continuously monitored from days 20 to 28. Eating and resting saliva production were measured on days 20 and 31, respectively. Diet digestibility was measured on days 38-42 by the total collection of feces, while enteric gas emissions were measured in chambers on days 46-49. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS. Dry matter intake and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients (DM, neutral and acid detergent fiber, starch, and crude protein) were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.15). No effect was observed on eating and resting saliva production. Relative abundance of the predominant bacterial taxa and rumen methanogen community was not affected by 3-NOP supplementation but rather by rumen digesta phase and sampling hour (P ≤ 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower (P = 0.004) following 3-NOP supplementation. Furthermore, the reduction in acetate and increase in propionate molar proportions for 3-NOP lowered (P < 0.001) the acetate to propionate ratio by 18.9% as compared with control (4.1). Mean pH was 0.21 units lower (P < 0.001) for control than 3-NOP (6.43). Furthermore, CH4 emission (g/d) and yield (g/kg DMI) were 22.4 and 22.0% smaller (P < 0.001), respectively, for 3-NOP relative to control. Overall, the results indicate that enteric CH4 emissions were decreased by more than 20% with 3-NOP supplementation of a forage diet without affecting DM intake, predominant rumen microbial community, and apparent total-tract nutrients digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu W Alemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, Saskatchewan S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiu Min Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Eóin O’Hara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | | | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Almeida AK, Cowley F, McMeniman JP, Karagiannis A, Walker N, Tamassia LFM, McGrath JJ, Hegarty RS. Effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions of feedlot cattle fed with a tempered barley-based diet with canola oil. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad237. [PMID: 37429613 PMCID: PMC10370881 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A dose-response experiment was designed to examine the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on methane (CH4) emissions, rumen function and performance of feedlot cattle fed a tempered barley-based diet with canola oil. Twenty Angus steers of initial body weight (BW) of 356 ± 14.4 kg were allocated in a randomized complete block design. Initial BW was used as the blocking criterion. Cattle were housed in individual indoor pens for 112 d, including the first 21 d of adaptation followed by a 90-d finishing period when five different 3-NOP inclusion rates were compared: 0 mg/kg dry matter (DM; control), 50 mg/kg DM, 75 mg/kg DM, 100 mg/kg DM, and 125 mg/kg DM. Daily CH4 production was measured on day 7 (last day of starter diet), day 14 (last day of the first intermediate diet), and day 21 (last day of the second intermediate diet) of the adaptation period and on days 28, 49, 70, 91, and 112 of the finisher period using open circuit respiration chambers. Rumen digesta samples were collected from each steer on the day prior to chamber measurement postfeeding, and prefeeding on the day after the chamber measurement, for determination of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonium-N, protozoa enumeration, pH, and reduction potential. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily and BW weekly. Data were analyzed in a mixed model including period, 3-NOP dose and their interaction as fixed effects, and block as a random effect. Our results demonstrated both a linear and quadratic (decreasing rate of change) effect on CH4 production (g/d) and CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) as 3-NOP dose increased (P < 0.01). The achieved mitigation for CH4 yield in our study ranged from approximately 65.5% up to 87.6% relative to control steers fed a finishing feedlot diet. Our results revealed that 3-NOP dose did not alter rumen fermentation parameters such as ammonium-N, VFA concentration nor VFA molar proportions. Although this experimental design was not focused on the effect of 3-NOP dose on feedlot performance, no negative effects of any 3-NOP dose were detected on animal production parameters. Ultimately, the knowledge on the CH4 suppression pattern of 3-NOP may facilitate sustainable pathways for the feedlot industry to lower its carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frances Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Joe P McMeniman
- Feedlot Program, Meat and Livestock Australia Limited (MLA), North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Alex Karagiannis
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Luis F M Tamassia
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J McGrath
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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11
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Beauchemin KA, Ungerfeld EM, Abdalla AL, Alvarez C, Arndt C, Becquet P, Benchaar C, Berndt A, Mauricio RM, McAllister TA, Oyhantçabal W, Salami SA, Shalloo L, Sun Y, Tricarico J, Uwizeye A, De Camillis C, Bernoux M, Robinson T, Kebreab E. Invited review: Current enteric methane mitigation options. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9297-9326. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Full adoption of the most effective strategies to mitigate methane emissions by ruminants can help meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111294119. [PMID: 35537050 PMCID: PMC9171756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111294119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural methane emissions must be decreased by 11 to 30% of the 2010 level by 2030 and by 24 to 47% by 2050 to meet the 1.5 °C target. We identified three strategies to decrease product-based methane emissions while increasing animal productivity and five strategies to decrease absolute methane emissions without reducing animal productivity. Globally, 100% adoption of the most effective product-based and absolute methane emission mitigation strategy can meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050, because mitigation effects are offset by projected increases in methane. On a regional level, Europe but not Africa may be able to meet their contribution to the 1.5 °C target, highlighting the different challenges faced by high- and middle- and low-income countries. To meet the 1.5 °C target, methane (CH4) from ruminants must be reduced by 11 to 30% by 2030 and 24 to 47% by 2050 compared to 2010 levels. A meta-analysis identified strategies to decrease product-based (PB; CH4 per unit meat or milk) and absolute (ABS) enteric CH4 emissions while maintaining or increasing animal productivity (AP; weight gain or milk yield). Next, the potential of different adoption rates of one PB or one ABS strategy to contribute to the 1.5 °C target was estimated. The database included findings from 430 peer-reviewed studies, which reported 98 mitigation strategies that can be classified into three categories: animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation. A random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out. Three PB strategies—namely, increasing feeding level, decreasing grass maturity, and decreasing dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio—decreased CH4 per unit meat or milk by on average 12% and increased AP by a median of 17%. Five ABS strategies—namely CH4 inhibitors, tanniferous forages, electron sinks, oils and fats, and oilseeds—decreased daily methane by on average 21%. Globally, only 100% adoption of the most effective PB and ABS strategies can meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050, because mitigation effects are offset by projected increases in CH4 due to increasing milk and meat demand. Notably, by 2030 and 2050, low- and middle-income countries may not meet their contribution to the 1.5 °C target for this same reason, whereas high-income countries could meet their contributions due to only a minor projected increase in enteric CH4 emissions.
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13
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Fouts JQ, Honan MC, Roque BM, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E. Board Invited Review: Enteric methane mitigation interventions. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac041. [PMID: 35529040 PMCID: PMC9071062 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) presents a feasible approach to curbing agriculture’s contribution to climate change. One intervention for reduction is dietary reformulation, which manipulates the composition of feedstuffs in ruminant diets to redirect fermentation processes toward low CH4 emissions. Examples include reducing the relative proportion of forages to concentrates, determining the rate of digestibility and passage rate from the rumen, and dietary lipid inclusion. Feed additives present another intervention for CH4 abatement and are classified based on their mode of action. Through inhibition of key enzymes, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and halogenated compounds directly target the methanogenesis pathway. Rumen environment modifiers, including nitrates, essential oils, and tannins, act on the conditions that affect methanogens and remove the accessibility of fermentation products needed for CH4 formation. Low CH4-emitting animals can also be directly or indirectly selected through breeding interventions, and genome-wide association studies are expected to provide efficient selection decisions. Overall, dietary reformulation and feed additive inclusion provide immediate and reversible effects, while selective breeding produces lasting, cumulative CH4 emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Q Fouts
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Mallory C Honan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Breanna M Roque
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- FutureFeed Pty Ltd Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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14
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Ungerfeld EM, Beauchemin KA, Muñoz C. Current Perspectives on Achieving Pronounced Enteric Methane Mitigation From Ruminant Production. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.795200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2050 requires achieving net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 and a strong decrease in methane (CH4) emissions. Our aim was to connect the global need for mitigation of the emissions of greenhouse gases and enteric CH4 from ruminant production to basic research on the biological consequences of inhibiting rumen methanogenesis in order to better design strategies for pronounced mitigation of enteric CH4 production without negative impacts on animal productivity or economic returns. Ruminant production worldwide has the challenge of decreasing its emissions of greenhouse gases while increasing the production of meat and milk to meet consumers demand. Production intensification decreases the emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of product, and in some instances has decreased total emissions, but in other instances has resulted in increased total emissions of greenhouse gases. We propose that decreasing total emission of greenhouse gases from ruminants in the next decades while simultaneously increasing meat and milk production will require strong inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. An aggressive approach to pronounced inhibition of enteric CH4 emissions is technically possible through the use of chemical compounds and/or bromoform-containing algae, but aspects such as safety, availability, government approval, consumer acceptance, and impacts on productivity and economic returns must be satisfactorily addressed. Feeding these additives will increase the cost of ruminant diets, which can discourage their adoption. On the other hand, inhibiting rumen methanogenesis potentially saves energy for the host animal and causes profound changes in rumen fermentation and post-absorptive metabolism. Understanding the biological consequences of methanogenesis inhibition could allow designing strategies to optimize the intervention. We conducted meta-regressions using published studies with at least one treatment with >50% inhibition of CH4 production to elucidate the responses of key rumen metabolites and animal variables to methanogenesis inhibition, and understand possible consequences on post-absorptive metabolism. We propose possible avenues, attainable through the understanding of biological consequences of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention, to increase animal productivity or decrease feed costs when inhibiting methanogenesis.
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15
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Yu G, Beauchemin KA, Dong R. A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3540. [PMID: 34944313 PMCID: PMC8697901 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation accounts for 3 to 5% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce feed energy losses as enteric CH4 while improving ruminant production efficiency. Mitigation strategies need to be environmentally friendly, easily adopted by producers and accepted by consumers. However, few sustainable CH4 mitigation approaches are available. Recent studies show that the chemically synthesized CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol is one of the most effective approaches for enteric CH4 abatement. 3-nitrooxypropanol specifically targets the methyl-coenzyme M reductase and inhibits the final catalytic step in methanogenesis in rumen archaea. Providing 3-nitrooxypropanol to dairy and beef cattle in research studies has consistently decreased enteric CH4 production by 30% on average, with reductions as high as 82% in some cases. Efficacy is positively related to 3-NOP dose and negatively affected by neutral detergent fiber concentration of the diet, with greater responses in dairy compared with beef cattle when compared at the same dose. This review collates the current literature on 3-nitrooxypropanol and examines the overall findings of meta-analyses and individual studies to provide a synthesis of science-based information on the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol for CH4 abatement. The intent is to help guide commercial adoption at the farm level in the future. There is a significant body of peer-reviewed scientific literature to indicate that 3-nitrooxypropanol is effective and safe when incorporated into total mixed rations, but further research is required to fully understand the long-term effects and the interactions with other CH4 mitigating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Karen A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
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16
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Wang F, Harindintwali JD, Yuan Z, Wang M, Wang F, Li S, Yin Z, Huang L, Fu Y, Li L, Chang SX, Zhang L, Rinklebe J, Yuan Z, Zhu Q, Xiang L, Tsang DCW, Xu L, Jiang X, Liu J, Wei N, Kästner M, Zou Y, Ok YS, Shen J, Peng D, Zhang W, Barceló D, Zhou Y, Bai Z, Li B, Zhang B, Wei K, Cao H, Tan Z, Zhao LB, He X, Zheng J, Bolan N, Liu X, Huang C, Dietmann S, Luo M, Sun N, Gong J, Gong Y, Brahushi F, Zhang T, Xiao C, Li X, Chen W, Jiao N, Lehmann J, Zhu YG, Jin H, Schäffer A, Tiedje JM, Chen JM. Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100180. [PMID: 34877561 PMCID: PMC8633420 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global development has been heavily reliant on the overexploitation of natural resources since the Industrial Revolution. With the extensive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other forms of land-use change, anthropogenic activities have contributed to the ever-increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, causing global climate change. In response to the worsening global climate change, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is the most pressing task on the planet. To this end, it is of utmost importance and a significant challenge to reform the current production systems to reduce GHG emissions and promote the capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. Herein, we review innovative technologies that offer solutions achieving carbon (C) neutrality and sustainable development, including those for renewable energy production, food system transformation, waste valorization, C sink conservation, and C-negative manufacturing. The wealth of knowledge disseminated in this review could inspire the global community and drive the further development of innovative technologies to mitigate climate change and sustainably support human activities. Carbon neutrality may be achieved by reforming current global development systems to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO2 capture Harnessing the power of renewable and carbon-neutral resources to produce energy and other fossil-based alternatives may eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels Protecting natural carbon sinks and promoting CO2 capture, utilization, and storage are conducive to mitigating climate change This review presents the current state, opportunities, challenges, and perspectives of technologies related to achieving carbon neutrality
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhizhang Yuan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Faming Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Huang
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Department of Soil and Groundwater Management, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yang Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dailiang Peng
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA-CERCA, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Wei
- The Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hujun Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu-Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinxing Zheng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui 230031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Institute for Informatics (I), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yulie Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ferdi Brahushi
- Department of Agro-environment and Ecology, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana 1029, Albania
| | - Tangtang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada, Qingdao 266237, China, and, Xiamen 361005, China.,Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jing M Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G3
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