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Guldager MB, Biojone C, da Silva NR, Godoy LD, Joca S. New insights into the involvement of serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signalling in cannabidiol's antidepressant effect. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111029. [PMID: 38762160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid devoid of psychostimulant properties and is currently under investigation as a potential antidepressant drug. However, the mechanisms underlying CBD's antidepressant effects are not yet well understood. CBD targets include a variety of receptors, enzymes, and transporters, with different binding-affinities. Neurochemical and pharmacological evidence indicates that both serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signalling in the prefrontal cortex are necessary for the antidepressant effects induced by CBD in animal models. Herein, we reviewed the current literature to dissect if these are independent mechanisms or if CBD-induced modulation of the serotonergic neurotransmission could mediate its neuroplastic effects through subsequent regulation of BDNF-TrkB signalling, thus culminating in rapid neuroplastic changes. It is hypothesized that: a) CBD interaction with serotonin receptors on neurons of the dorsal raphe nuclei and the resulting disinhibition of serotonergic neurons would promote rapid serotonin release in the PFC and hence its neuroplastic and antidepressant effects; b) CBD facilitates BDNF-TRKB signalling, especially in the PFC, which rapidly triggers neurochemical and neuroplastic effects. These hypotheses are discussed with perspectives for new drug development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Bock Guldager
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicole Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Livea Dornela Godoy
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2
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Enkavi G, Girych M, Moliner R, Vattulainen I, Castrén E. TrkB transmembrane domain: bridging structural understanding with therapeutic strategy. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:445-456. [PMID: 38433044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
TrkB (neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase-2, NTRK2) is the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and is a critical regulator of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. The past few years have witnessed an increasing understanding of the structure and function of TrkB, including its transmembrane domain (TMD). TrkB interacts with membrane cholesterol, which bidirectionally regulates TrkB signaling. Additionally, TrkB has recently been recognized as a binding target of antidepressant drugs. A variety of different antidepressants, including typical and rapid-acting antidepressants, as well as psychedelic compounds, act as allosteric potentiators of BDNF signaling through TrkB. This suggests that TrkB is the common target of different antidepressant compounds. Although more research is needed, current knowledge suggests that TrkB is a promising target for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center/HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center/HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Haque TT, Taruselli MT, Kee SA, Dailey JM, Pondicherry N, Gajewski-Kurdziel PA, Zellner MP, Stephenson DJ, Straus DB, Kankaria R, Jackson KG, Chumanevich AP, Fukuoka Y, Schwartz LB, Blakely RD, Oskeritzian CA, Chalfant CE, Martin RK, Ryan JJ. Fluoxetine restrains allergic inflammation by targeting an FcɛRI-ATP positive feedback loop in mast cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabc9089. [PMID: 37699080 PMCID: PMC10759315 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for new treatment options addressing allergic disease. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that have anti-inflammatory properties. We tested the effects of the SSRI fluoxetine on IgE-induced function of mast cells, which are critical effectors of allergic inflammation. We showed that fluoxetine treatment of murine or human mast cells reduced IgE-mediated degranulation, cytokine production, and inflammatory lipid secretion, as well as signaling mediated by the mast cell activator ATP. In a mouse model of systemic anaphylaxis, fluoxetine reduced hypothermia and cytokine production. Fluoxetine was also effective in a model of allergic airway inflammation, where it reduced bronchial responsiveness and inflammation. These data show that fluoxetine suppresses mast cell activation by impeding an FcɛRI-ATP positive feedback loop and support the potential repurposing of this SSRI for use in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara. T Haque
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Marcela T. Taruselli
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sydney A. Kee
- Departments of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jordan M. Dailey
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Neha Pondicherry
- Departments of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Paula A. Gajewski-Kurdziel
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Matthew P. Zellner
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Daniel J. Stephenson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
| | - David B. Straus
- Departments of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Roma Kankaria
- Departments of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Kaitlyn G. Jackson
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Alena P. Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuoka
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
- Medicine, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA, 23298
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John J. Ryan
- Departments of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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4
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McCallum ES, Cerveny D, Bose APH, Fick J, Brodin T. Cost-Effective Pharmaceutical Implants in Fish: Validating the Performance of Slow-Release Implants for the Antidepressant Fluoxetine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1326-1336. [PMID: 36942382 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Internal, slow-release implants can be an effective way to manipulate animal physiology or deliver a chemical exposure over long periods of time without the need for an exogenous exposure route. Slow-release implants involve dissolving a compound in a lipid-based carrier, which is inserted into the body of an organism. However, the release kinetics of the compound from the implant to body tissues also requires careful validation. We tested and validated a slow-release implant methodology for exposing fish to a pharmaceutical pollutant, fluoxetine. We tested two lipid-based carriers (coconut oil or vegetable shortening) in the common roach (Rutilus rutilus). The implants contained either a high (50 μg/g), low (25 μg/g), or control (0 μg/g) concentration of fluoxetine, and we measured tissue uptake in the brain, muscle, and plasma of implanted fish over 25 days. The two carriers released fluoxetine differently over time: coconut oil released fluoxetine in an accelerating manner (tissue uptake displayed a positive quadratic curvature), whereas vegetable shortening released fluoxetine in a decelerating manner (a negative quadratic curvature). For both carrier types, fluoxetine was measured at the highest concentration in the brain, followed by muscle and plasma. By comparing the implant exposures with waterborne exposures in the published literature, we showed that the implants delivered an internal exposure that would be similar if fish were exposed in surface waters containing effluents. Overall, we showed that slow-release internal implants are an effective method for delivering chronic exposures of fluoxetine over at least 1-month time scales. Internal exposures can be an especially powerful experimental tool when coupled with field-based study designs to assess the impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants in complex natural environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1326-1336. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Aneesh P H Bose
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Fairman K, Choi MK, Gonnabathula P, Lumen A, Worth A, Paini A, Li M. An Overview of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Forensic Science. TOXICS 2023; 11:126. [PMID: 36851001 PMCID: PMC9964742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model represents the structural components of the body with physiologically relevant compartments connected via blood flow rates described by mathematical equations to determine drug disposition. PBPK models are used in the pharmaceutical sector for drug development, precision medicine, and the chemical industry to predict safe levels of exposure during the registration of chemical substances. However, one area of application where PBPK models have been scarcely used is forensic science. In this review, we give an overview of PBPK models successfully developed for several illicit drugs and environmental chemicals that could be applied for forensic interpretation, highlighting the gaps, uncertainties, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Fairman
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Me-Kyoung Choi
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Pavani Gonnabathula
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Annie Lumen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Miao Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Asadi Anar M, Foroughi E, Sohrabi E, Peiravi S, Tavakoli Y, Kameli Khouzani M, Behshood P, Shamshiri M, Faridzadeh A, Keylani K, Langari SF, Ansari A, Khalaji A, Garousi S, Mottahedi M, Honari S, Deravi N. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: New hope in the fight against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036093. [PMID: 36532776 PMCID: PMC9748354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic increase in global mortality and morbidity rates. As in most infections, fatal complications of coronavirus affliction are triggered by an untrammeled host inflammatory response. Cytokine storms created by high levels of interleukin and other cytokines elucidate the pathology of severe COVID-19. In this respect, repurposing drugs that are already available and might exhibit anti-inflammatory effects have received significant attention. With the in vitro and clinical investigation of several studies on the effect of antidepressants on COVID-19 prognosis, previous data suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) might be the new hope for the early treatment of severely afflicted patients. SSRIs' low cost and availability make them potentially eligible for COVID-19 repurposing. This review summarizes current achievements and literature about the connection between SSRIs administration and COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Asadi Anar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroughi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elika Sohrabi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Peiravi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Behshood
- Department of Microbiology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Melika Shamshiri
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Faridzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Faride Langari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ansari
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Honari
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Péricat D, Leon-Icaza SA, Sanchez Rico M, Mühle C, Zoicas I, Schumacher F, Planès R, Mazars R, Gros G, Carpinteiro A, Becker KA, Izopet J, Strub-Wourgaft N, Sjö P, Neyrolles O, Kleuser B, Limosin F, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Meunier E, Hoertel N, Cougoule C. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fluoxetine in a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13623. [PMID: 36362409 PMCID: PMC9657171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since a large portion of the world's population is currently unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated and has limited access to approved treatments against COVID-19, there is an urgent need to continue research on treatment options, especially those at low cost and which are immediately available to patients, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Prior in vitro and observational studies have shown that fluoxetine, possibly through its inhibitory effect on the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, could be a promising antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment against COVID-19. In this report, we evaluated the potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of fluoxetine in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and against variants of concern in vitro, i.e., SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, Alpha B.1.1.7, Gamma P1, Delta B1.617 and Omicron BA.5. Fluoxetine, administrated after SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly reduced lung tissue viral titres and expression of several inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL10). It also inhibited the replication of all variants of concern in vitro. A modulation of the ceramide system in the lung tissues, as reflected by the increase in the ratio HexCer 16:0/Cer 16:0 in fluoxetine-treated mice, may contribute to explain these effects. Our findings demonstrate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of fluoxetine in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its in vitro antiviral activity against variants of concern, establishing fluoxetine as a very promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Péricat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen Adonai Leon-Icaza
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Sanchez Rico
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rémi Planès
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Raoul Mazars
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Germain Gros
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Casarotto P, Umemori J, Castrén E. BDNF receptor TrkB as the mediator of the antidepressant drug action. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1032224. [PMID: 36407765 PMCID: PMC9666396 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through its receptor TrkB has for a long time been recognized as a critical mediator of the antidepressant drug action, but BDNF signaling has been considered to be activated indirectly through the action of typical and rapid-acting antidepressants through monoamine transporters and glutamate NMDA receptors, respectively. However, recent findings demonstrate that both typical and the fast-acting antidepressants directly bind to TrkB and thereby allosterically potentiate BDNF signaling, suggesting that TrkB is the direct target for antidepressant drugs. Increased TrkB signaling particularly in the parvalbumin-expressing interneurons orchestrates iPlasticity, a state of juvenile-like enhanced plasticity in the adult brain. iPlasticity sensitizes neuronal networks to environmental influences, enabling rewiring of networks miswired by adverse experiences. These findings have dramatically changed the position of TrkB in the antidepressant effects and they propose a new end-to-end model of the antidepressant drug action. This model emphasizes the enabling role of antidepressant treatment and the active participation of the patient in the process of recovery from mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Gene and Cell Technology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Eugene AR. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution quantitatively supports a therapeutic role in COVID-19 at a minimum dose of 20 mg per day. F1000Res 2022; 10:477. [PMID: 36262792 PMCID: PMC9561539 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53275.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Various
in vitro studies have shown fluoxetine inhibits multiple variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic and multiple observational clinical studies have shown that patients receiving fluoxetine experienced clinical benefit by lowering the risk of intubation and death. The aim of this study is to conduct population pharmacokinetic dosing simulations to quantify the percentage of patients achieving a
trough level for the effective concentration resulting in 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 as reported in Calu-3 human lung cells. Methods. Pharmacometric parameter estimates used in this study were obtained from the U.S. FDA website from a new drug application for fluoxetine hydrochloride. A population of 1,000 individuals were simulated at standard fluoxetine antidepressant doses (20 mg/day, 30 mg/day, 40 mg/day, 50 mg/day, and 60 mg/day) to estimate the percentage of the patients achieving a
trough plasma level for the EC50 and EC90 SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. All analyses were conducted in R. Results. By day-10 at 20 mg/day, 93.2% and 47% of the population will achieve the
trough target plasma EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectively, which translates to a lung tissue distribution coefficient of 60-times higher EC50 (283.6 ng/ml [0.82 mM]) and EC90 (1390.1 ng/ml [4.02 mM]). Further, by day-10 at an ideal dose of 40 mg/day, 99% and 93% of patients will reach the
trough EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectfully. Lastly, only a dose of 60 mg/day will reach the SARS-CoV-2 EC90 inhibitory concentration in the brain at pharmacokinetic steady-state. Conclusion. Overall, with a minimum treatment period of 10-days and a minimum dose of 20 mg/day, this study corroborates
in vitro studies reporting fluoxetine inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 titers and also multiple
observational clinical studies showing therapeutic benefit of fluoxetine in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy R. Eugene
- Independent Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodship, 20-059, Poland
- Institute for the Study of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
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10
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Mahdi M, Hermán L, Réthelyi JM, Bálint BL. Potential Role of the Antidepressants Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073812. [PMID: 35409171 PMCID: PMC8998734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping non-canonical cellular pathways affected by approved medications can accelerate drug repurposing efforts, which are crucial in situations with a global impact such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine are well-established and widely-used antidepressive agents that act as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI-s). Interestingly, these drugs have been reported earlier to act as lysosomotropic agents, inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase in the lysosomes, and as ligands of sigma-1 receptors, mechanisms that might be used to fight severe outcomes of COVID-19. In certain cases, these drugs were administered for selected COVID-19 patients because of their antidepressive effects, while in other cases, clinical studies were performed to assess the effect of these drugs on treating COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies produced promising data that encourage the further investigation of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine regarding their use in COVID-19. In this review, we summarize experimental data and the results of the performed clinical studies. We also provide an overview of previous knowledge on the tissue distribution of these drugs and by integrating this information with the published experimental results, we highlight the real opportunity of using these drugs in our fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Infectology Clinic, University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, Bartók Béla út 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Hermán
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - János M. Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Bálint László Bálint
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (B.L.B.)
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Fred SM, Kuivanen S, Ugurlu H, Casarotto PC, Levanov L, Saksela K, Vapalahti O, Castrén E. Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs Reduce Viral Infection by SARS-CoV-2 and Fluoxetine Shows Antiviral Activity Against the Novel Variants in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:755600. [PMID: 35126106 PMCID: PMC8809408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of currently available drugs is a valuable strategy to tackle the consequences of COVID-19. Recently, several studies have investigated the effect of psychoactive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture models as well as in clinical practice. Our aim was to expand these studies and test some of these compounds against newly emerged variants. Several antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs with different primary mechanisms of action were tested in ACE2/TMPRSS2-expressing human embryonic kidney cells against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-dependent pseudoviruses. Some of these compounds were also tested in human lung epithelial cell line, Calu-1, against the first wave (B.1) lineage of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concern, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2. Several clinically used antidepressants, including fluoxetine, citalopram, reboxetine, imipramine, as well as antipsychotic compounds chlorpromazine, flupenthixol, and pimozide inhibited the infection by pseudotyped viruses with minimal effects on cell viability. The antiviral action of several of these drugs was verified in Calu-1 cells against the B.1 lineage of SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, and novel antidepressants ketamine, known as anesthetic at high doses, and its derivatives as well as MAO and phosphodiesterase inhibitors phenelzine and rolipram, respectively, showed no activity in the pseudovirus model. Furthermore, fluoxetine remained effective against pseudoviruses with common receptor binding domain mutations, N501Y, K417N, and E484K, as well as B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our study confirms previous data and extends information on the repurposing of these drugs to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection including different variants of concern, however, extensive clinical studies must be performed to confirm our in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center–HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasan Ugurlu
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lev Levanov
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center–HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:307-314. [PMID: 34608263 PMCID: PMC8488928 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of "old" drugs against COVID-19.
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13
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Eugene AR. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution quantitatively supports a therapeutic role in COVID-19 at a minimum dose of 20 mg per day. F1000Res 2021; 10:477. [PMID: 36262792 PMCID: PMC9561539 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53275.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Various in vitro studies have shown fluoxetine inhibits multiple variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic and multiple observational clinical studies have shown that patients receiving fluoxetine experienced clinical benefit by lowering the risk of intubation and death. The aim of this study is to conduct population pharmacokinetic dosing simulations to quantify the percentage of patients achieving a trough level for the effective concentration resulting in 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 as reported in Calu-3 human lung cells. Methods. Pharmacometric parameter estimates used in this study were obtained from the U.S. FDA website from a new drug application for fluoxetine hydrochloride. A population of 1,000 individuals were simulated at standard fluoxetine antidepressant doses (20 mg/day, 30 mg/day, 40 mg/day, 50 mg/day, and 60 mg/day) to estimate the percentage of the patients achieving a trough plasma level for the EC50 and EC90 SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. All analyses and graphing were conducted in R. Results. By day-10 at 20 mg/day 93.2% and 47% of the population will achieve the trough target plasma EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectively, which translates to a lung tissue distribution coefficient of 60-times higher EC50 (283.6 ng/ml [0.82 mM]) and EC90 (1390.1 ng/ml [4.02 mM]). Further, by day-10 at an ideal dose of 40 mg/day, 99% and 93% of patients will reach the trough EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectfully. Lastly, only a dose of 60 mg/day will reach the SARS-CoV-2 EC90 inhibitory concentration in the brain. Conclusion. Overall, with a minimum treatment period of 10-days and a minimum dose of 20 mg/day, this study corroborates in vitro studies reporting fluoxetine inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 titers and also multiple observational clinical studies showing therapeutic benefit of fluoxetine in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy R. Eugene
- Independent Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodship, 20-059, Poland
- Institute for the Study of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
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14
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Eugene AR. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution quantitatively supports a therapeutic role in COVID-19 at a minimum dose of 20 mg per day. F1000Res 2021; 10:477. [PMID: 36262792 PMCID: PMC9561539 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53275.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Various in vitro studies have shown fluoxetine inhibits multiple variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic and multiple observational clinical studies have shown that patients receiving fluoxetine experienced clinical benefit by lowering the risk of intubation and death. The aim of this study is to conduct population pharmacokinetic dosing simulations to quantify the percentage of patients achieving a trough level for the effective concentration resulting in 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 as reported in Calu-3 human lung cells. Methods. Pharmacometric parameter estimates used in this study were obtained from the U.S. FDA website from a new drug application for fluoxetine hydrochloride. A population of 1,000 individuals were simulated at standard fluoxetine antidepressant doses (20 mg/day, 30 mg/day, 40 mg/day, 50 mg/day, and 60 mg/day) to estimate the percentage of the patients achieving a trough plasma level for the EC50 and EC90 SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. All analyses and graphing were conducted in R. Results. By day-10 at 20 mg/day 93.2% and 47% of the population will achieve the trough target plasma EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectively, which translates to a lung tissue distribution coefficient of 60-times higher EC50 (283.6 ng/ml [0.82 mM]) and EC90 (1390.1 ng/ml [4.02 mM]). Further, by day-10 at an ideal dose of 40 mg/day, 99% and 93% of patients will reach the trough EC50 and EC90 concentrations, respectfully. Lastly, only a dose of 60 mg/day will reach the SARS-CoV-2 EC90 inhibitory concentration in the brain. Conclusion. Overall, with a minimum treatment period of 10-days and a minimum dose of 20 mg/day, this study corroborates in vitro studies reporting fluoxetine inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 titers and also multiple observational clinical studies showing therapeutic benefit of fluoxetine in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy R. Eugene
- Independent Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodship, 20-059, Poland
- Institute for the Study of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
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15
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Casarotto PC, Girych M, Fred SM, Kovaleva V, Moliner R, Enkavi G, Biojone C, Cannarozzo C, Sahu MP, Kaurinkoski K, Brunello CA, Steinzeig A, Winkel F, Patil S, Vestring S, Serchov T, Diniz CRAF, Laukkanen L, Cardon I, Antila H, Rog T, Piepponen TP, Bramham CR, Normann C, Lauri SE, Saarma M, Vattulainen I, Castrén E. Antidepressant drugs act by directly binding to TRKB neurotrophin receptors. Cell 2021; 184:1299-1313.e19. [PMID: 33606976 PMCID: PMC7938888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how binding of antidepressant drugs to their targets gives rise to the clinical antidepressant effect. We discovered that the transmembrane domain of tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (TRKB), the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor that promotes neuronal plasticity and antidepressant responses, has a cholesterol-sensing function that mediates synaptic effects of cholesterol. We then found that both typical and fast-acting antidepressants directly bind to TRKB, thereby facilitating synaptic localization of TRKB and its activation by BDNF. Extensive computational approaches including atomistic molecular dynamics simulations revealed a binding site at the transmembrane region of TRKB dimers. Mutation of the TRKB antidepressant-binding motif impaired cellular, behavioral, and plasticity-promoting responses to antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that binding to TRKB and allosteric facilitation of BDNF signaling is the common mechanism for antidepressant action, which may explain why typical antidepressants act slowly and how molecular effects of antidepressants are translated into clinical mood recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Senem M Fred
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Kovaleva
- Institute of Biotechnology-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Katja Kaurinkoski
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Steinzeig
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederike Winkel
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Vestring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Serchov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cassiano R A F Diniz
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paul, Brazil
| | - Liina Laukkanen
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iseline Cardon
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Brain Master Program, Faculty of Science, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regenburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Antila
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Petteri Piepponen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sari E Lauri
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center-HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Drugs, Metabolites, and Lung Accumulating Small Lysosomotropic Molecules: Multiple Targeting Impedes SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Progress to COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041797. [PMID: 33670304 PMCID: PMC7918659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropism is a biological characteristic of small molecules, independently present of their intrinsic pharmacological effects. Lysosomotropic compounds, in general, affect various targets, such as lipid second messengers originating from lysosomal enzymes promoting endothelial stress response in systemic inflammation; inflammatory messengers, such as IL-6; and cathepsin L-dependent viral entry into host cells. This heterogeneous group of drugs and active metabolites comprise various promising candidates with more favorable drug profiles than initially considered (hydroxy) chloroquine in prophylaxis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections/Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by bacterial or viral infections. In this hypothesis, we discuss the possible relationships among lysosomotropism, enrichment in lysosomes of pulmonary tissue, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and transition to COVID-19. Moreover, we deduce further suitable approved drugs and active metabolites based with a more favorable drug profile on rational eligibility criteria, including readily available over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Benefits to patients already receiving lysosomotropic drugs for other pre-existing conditions underline their vital clinical relevance in the current SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7720-307-4232
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17
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Aghakhani A, Ghanbari A, Asl AH, Khanlarkhani A. Thin‐film solid‐phase microextraction of fluoxetine using a novel sorbent prepared by direct decoration of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks on the surface of polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghakhani
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology University of Tehran Karaj Iran
- Materials and Energy Research Center Karaj Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Materials and Energy Research Center Karaj Iran
- School of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Engineering Semnan University Semnan Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi Asl
- School of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Engineering Semnan University Semnan Iran
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18
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Ntoupa PSA, Armaos KP, Athanaselis SA, Spiliopoulou CA, Papoutsis II. Study of the distribution of antidepressant drugs in vitreous humor using a validated GC/MS method. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 317:110547. [PMID: 33129048 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous humor has become in recent years an important alternative biological fluid in forensic toxicological analysis especially for the investigation of cases where alcohol and drugs of abuse are involved but there is limited scientific information regarding the distribution of antidepressant drugs in this material. This work aimed to study the distribution of antidepressant drugs in vitreous humor and to estimate the blood/vitreous humor concentration ratios of these drugs. For this purpose, a GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 9 antidepressant drugs, namely amitriptyline, nortriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, fluoxetine, maprotiline, mirtazapine, sertraline and venlafaxine, and 4 of their metabolites, namely desmethylmaprotiline, desmethylmirtazapine, desmethylsertraline, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, was developed and validated. The developed method includes solid-phase extraction followed by derivatization with Heptafluorobutyric Anhydride. For all analytes, LOD and LOQ were 1.50 and 5.00ng/mL, respectively, and the calibration curves were linear within the dynamic range of 5.00-500.0ng/mL (R2≥0.990). The absolute recovery was found to be ≥86.3 % for all analytes. The accuracy (%Er) was found to range between -6.58 and 6.18 %, whereas the precision (%RSD) was less than 10.9 % for all analytes. The developed method was successfully applied to vitreous humor samples from 43 blood positive cases for antidepressant drugs. Whenever antidepressant drugs were detected in blood, they were also detected in the respective vitreous humor samples. The vitreous humor/blood concentration ratios were also calculated and were found to range from 0.04-7.07. Citalopram, mirtazapine, and its metabolite desmethylmirtazapine as well as venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine were the most identified substances in these samples (n≥4) and their results were better statistically evaluated. Our results suggest that vitreous humor could be an appropriate matrix for the determination of antidepressants in postmortem toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagoula-Stamatina A Ntoupa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Armaos
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris A Athanaselis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara A Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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19
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Hattori N, Takumi A, Saito K, Saito Y. Effects of serial cervical or tail blood sampling on toxicity and toxicokinetic evaluation in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:599-609. [PMID: 33012728 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To assess the influences of blood sampling volumes or sites on toxicological and toxicokinetic (TK) evaluations, 4-week duration animal studies and a single-dose TK study of imipramine were conducted. In the toxicological evaluation, six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into no blood and blood sampling groups. Fifty microliters (microsampling) or 100 μL (larger sampling) of blood/time point was collected from the jugular vein (50 μL of data was reported previously as Yokoyama et al., 2020) or the tail vein 6 to 7 times on days 1/2 and in week 4. Although no parameters were affected by the 100 μL sample from the tail vein, the 100 μL jugular vein sampling decreased the red blood cell parameters in females, possibly due to hemorrhage at the sampling site. Regarding the TK assessment, 50 μL of blood/site/time point was collected at 6 time points from the tail and jugular vein of the same male rats after single oral administration of 10 or 100 mg/kg imipramine, which was selected as a representative drug with high distribution volume. Although there were no differences in the AUC0-24hr and Cmax values between the sites, the plasma concentrations at the early time points were significantly lower from the tail vein than the jugular vein. From our studies, 50 μL of jugular and tail vein microsampling did not affect the toxicity parameters or AUC/Cmax. However, appropriate toxicity considerations and/or selection of the blood sampling site may be important in the case of larger sampling volumes or blood concentration assessment.
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Dalmizrak O, Teralı K, Asuquo EB, Ogus IH, Ozer N. The Relevance of Glutathione Reductase Inhibition by Fluoxetine to Human Health and Disease: Insights Derived from a Combined Kinetic and Docking Study. Protein J 2020; 38:515-524. [PMID: 31004256 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. GSH scavenges and eliminates superoxide and hydroxyl radicals non-enzymatically or serves as an electron donor for several enzymes. Fluoxetine (FLU), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is widely prescribed in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Here, using enzyme kinetic studies and molecular docking simulations, we aimed at disclosing the mechanistic and structural aspects of the interaction between GR and FLU. Affecting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, FLU was shown to be a moderately potent (IC50 = 0.88 mM) inhibitor of GR. When the variable substrate was GSSG, the type of inhibition was linear mixed-type competitive (Ki = 279 ± 32 μM; α = 5.48 ± 1.29). When the variable substrate was NADPH, however, the type of inhibition was non-competitive (Ki = 879 ± 82 μM). The observed difference in inhibition types was attributed to the binding of FLU in the large intermonomer cavity of GR, where it hampered catalysis and interfered with substrate binding. Overall, although it is anticipated that long-term use of FLU leads to acquired GR deficiency, the inhibitory action of FLU on GR may be therapeutically exploited in anti-cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey
| | - Evelyn Bright Asuquo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey
| | - Izzet Hamdi Ogus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Ozer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia/TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Turkey.
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21
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Saha M, Rizzo SA, Ramanathan M, Hightower RM, Santostefano KE, Terada N, Finkel RS, Berg JS, Chahin N, Pacak CA, Wagner RE, Alexander MS, Draper I, Kang PB. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ameliorate MEGF10 myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2365-2377. [PMID: 31267131 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MEGF10 myopathy is a rare inherited muscle disease that is named after the causative gene, MEGF10. The classic phenotype, early onset myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress and dysphagia, is severe and immediately life-threatening. There are no disease-modifying therapies. We performed a small molecule screen and follow-up studies to seek a novel therapy. A primary in vitro drug screen assessed cellular proliferation patterns in Megf10-deficient myoblasts. Secondary evaluations were performed on primary screen hits using myoblasts derived from Megf10-/- mice, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myoblasts from MEGF10 myopathy patients, mutant Drosophila that are deficient in the homologue of MEGF10 (Drpr) and megf10 mutant zebrafish. The screen yielded two promising candidates that are both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), sertraline and escitalopram. In depth follow-up analyses demonstrated that sertraline was highly effective in alleviating abnormalities across multiple models of the disease including mouse myoblast, human myoblast, Drosophila and zebrafish models. Sertraline also restored deficiencies of Notch1 in disease models. We conclude that SSRIs show promise as potential therapeutic compounds for MEGF10 myopathy, especially sertraline. The mechanism of action may involve the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Saha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Skylar A Rizzo
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Medosome Biotec, Alachua, FL, USA
| | - Manashwi Ramanathan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rylie M Hightower
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's of Alabama and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,University of Alabama Birmingham, Center for Exercise Medicine Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katherine E Santostefano
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nizar Chahin
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's of Alabama and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,University of Alabama Birmingham, Center for Exercise Medicine Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Civitan International Research Center at University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isabelle Draper
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter B Kang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Genetics Institute and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Ketola RA, Kriikku P. Drug concentrations in post‐mortem specimens. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:1338-1357. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raimo A. Ketola
- Forensic Toxicology UnitNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166 FI‐00270 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pirkko Kriikku
- Forensic Toxicology UnitNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166 FI‐00270 Helsinki Finland
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23
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Whitlock SE, Pereira MG, Lane J, Sleep D, Shore RF, Arnold KE. Detecting fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in wild bird tissues and feathers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:193-201. [PMID: 30802636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the environment with human pharmaceuticals is widespread and demand for such products is mounting globally. Wild vertebrates may be at particular risk from any effects from pharmaceuticals, because of the evolutionary conservation of drug targets. However, exposure of wildlife to pharmaceuticals is poorly characterised, partly due to challenges associated with detecting rapidly metabolised compounds. As part of a wider study on the behavioural effects of fluoxetine (Prozac) on Eurasian starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), we investigated which avian samples are best suited for detecting exposure to fluoxetine in free-living birds. We analysed plasma, various tissues and tail feathers (grown both in the wild and in captivity during the dosing period) from fluoxetine-treated birds (dosed daily with 0.035 mg kg-1 bodyweight for 28 weeks), and liver tissue and tail feathers from sham-dosed birds. We detected fluoxetine in only two of twelve plasma samples from dosed birds. In dosed birds, median concentrations of free fluoxetine/norfluoxetine in tissues (two hour post-final dose) were: 111.2/67.6 ng g-1 in liver, 29.6/5.7 ng g-1 in kidney, 14.2/4.0 ng g-1 in lung, 15.1/1.6 ng g-1 in brain. We estimated that fluoxetine would remain detectable in liver and kidney approximately 4.5 times longer (90 h) than in brain (20h). In dosed birds, fluoxetine was detected in feathers regrown during the dosing period (median concentration = 11.4 ng g-1) at concentrations significantly higher than in regrown feathers from control birds. Fluoxetine residues were detected in wild-grown feathers (grown before the birds were brought into captivity) at concentrations up to 27.0 ng g-1, providing some evidence of likely exposure in the wild. Our results show liver and kidney can be used for detecting fluoxetine in avian carcasses and provide a first indication that feathers may be useful for assessing exposure to fluoxetine, and possibly other pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Whitlock
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK
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24
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Palmiere C, Tettamanti C, Scarpelli MP, Tse R. The forensic spleen: Morphological, radiological, and toxicological investigations. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 297:384-387. [PMID: 30803735 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is only uncommonly investigated in the forensic setting. Thorough examinations are performed in some specific situations such as splenic trauma (including iatrogenic trauma from cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts), anaphylaxis, drowning, and sepsis-related deaths. The aim of this review is to present the available literature focusing on a few selected splenic diseases as well as forensic investigations performed on the spleen in order to summarize the most frequent situations in which this routinely unexplored organ may merit more extensive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maria Pia Scarpelli
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland
| | - Rexson Tse
- Department of Forensic Pathology, LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1148, New Zealand
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25
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Palmiere C, Tettamanti C, Scarpelli MP, Tse R. The forensic spleen: Morphological, radiological, and toxicological investigations. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 291:94-99. [PMID: 30173072 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is infrequently investigated in forensic pathology routine. Thorough examinations are performed in very specific situations such as splenic trauma (including iatrogenic trauma from cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts), anaphylaxis-related deaths, drowning and sepsis. The purpose of this review article is to provide a general overview of available literature focusing on a few selected splenic diseases as well as available forensic investigation techniques performed on the spleen in order to summarize the most frequent situations of forensic interest in which this routinely unexplored organ may merit more extensive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maria Pia Scarpelli
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland
| | - Rexson Tse
- Department of Forensic Pathology, LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1148, New Zealand
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26
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Correia-Branco A, Keating E, Martel F. Placentation-related processes in a human first-trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo cells) are affected by several xenobiotics. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:541-545. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1463240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Correia-Branco
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Robert A, Schultz IR, Hucher N, Monsinjon T, Knigge T. Toxicokinetics, disposition and metabolism of fluoxetine in crabs. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:958-967. [PMID: 28830067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The disposition and metabolism of fluoxetine in the European shore crab and the Dungeness crab were assessed. Crabs received intracardiac doses of either 0.13 μg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg fluoxetine, respectively. In addition, fluoxetine was administered to Metacarcinus cancer by oral gavage at 7.8 mg/kg. The distribution of fluoxetine was quantified in haemolymph and digestive gland for both crabs, as well as brain, muscle, and testis of Carcinus maenas, over 12 days. The metabolite norfluoxetine, was also measured in C. maenas. Fluoxetine was mainly found in lipid rich tissues. Distribution coefficients increased for digestive gland until three days after fluoxetine administration and then decreased until the end of the observations. The highest distribution coefficients were obtained for brain. Norfluoxetine displayed continuously high levels in digestive gland and brain. The strong decrease in fluoxetine and the concomitant increase in norfluoxetine demonstrates that decapod crustaceans metabolise fluoxetine into the more biologically active norfluoxetine. Fluoxetine levels in the haemolymph of M. cancer declined within 20 h, but showed a second peak 25 h later, suggesting remobilisation from tissues sequestering the compound. The steady state volume distribution and the total body clearance of fluoxetine were high, consistent with high diffusion of fluoxetine into the peripheral tissues and biotransformation as an important elimination pathway. Oral administration of fluoxetine prolonged its half-life in M. cancer, but bioavailability was low. These results confirm the high distribution into nervous tissue, extensive biotransformation into the highly active norfluoxetine and a half-life similar to that observed in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine Robert
- Normandy University, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Université Le Havre Normandie, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Irvin R Schultz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Nicolas Hucher
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandy University, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Université Le Havre Normandie, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Université Le Havre Normandie, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, F-76600, Le Havre, France.
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28
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Nzakizwanayo J, Scavone P, Jamshidi S, Hawthorne JA, Pelling H, Dedi C, Salvage JP, Hind CK, Guppy FM, Barnes LM, Patel BA, Rahman KM, Sutton MJ, Jones BV. Fluoxetine and thioridazine inhibit efflux and attenuate crystalline biofilm formation by Proteus mirabilis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12222. [PMID: 28939900 PMCID: PMC5610337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis forms extensive crystalline biofilms on indwelling urethral catheters that block urine flow and lead to serious clinical complications. The Bcr/CflA efflux system has previously been identified as important for development of P. mirabilis crystalline biofilms, highlighting the potential for efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) to control catheter blockage. Here we evaluate the potential for drugs already used in human medicine (fluoxetine and thioridazine) to act as EPIs in P. mirabilis, and control crystalline biofilm formation. Both fluoxetine and thioridazine inhibited efflux in P. mirabilis, and molecular modelling predicted both drugs interact strongly with the biofilm-associated Bcr/CflA efflux system. Both EPIs were also found to significantly reduce the rate of P. mirabilis crystalline biofilm formation on catheters, and increase the time taken for catheters to block. Swimming and swarming motilies in P. mirabilis were also significantly reduced by both EPIs. The impact of these drugs on catheter biofilm formation by other uropathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was also explored, and thioridazine was shown to also inhibit biofilm formation in these species. Therefore, repurposing of existing drugs with EPI activity could be a promising approach to control catheter blockage, or biofilm formation on other medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nzakizwanayo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Scavone
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, CP, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Pelling
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Dedi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus M Guppy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lara M Barnes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavik A Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Khondaker M Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Brian V Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
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29
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Ferner RE, Aronson JK. The toxicological significance of post-mortem drug concentrations in bile. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:7-14. [PMID: 28681613 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1339886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Ferner
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, and West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey K. Aronson
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe infirmary, Oxford, UK
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30
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Guitton J. État de l’art de l’analyse de la bile en toxicologie médicolégale. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Guitton J, Fanton L. State of the art in bile analysis in forensic toxicology. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:133-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Bévalot F, Cartiser N, Bottinelli C, Fanton L, Guitton J. Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review. Forensic Toxicol 2015; 34:12-40. [PMID: 26793276 PMCID: PMC4705140 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-015-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitreous humor (VH) is a gelatinous substance contained in the posterior chamber of the eye, playing a mechanical role in the eyeball. It has been the subject of numerous studies in various forensic applications, primarily for the assessment of postmortem interval and for postmortem chemical analysis. Since most of the xenobiotics present in the bloodstream are detected in VH after crossing the selective blood-retinal barrier, VH is an alternative matrix useful for forensic toxicology. VH analysis offers particular advantages over other biological matrices: it is less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process, and shows sample stability over time after death. The present study is an overview of VH physiology, drug transport and elimination. Collection, storage, analytical techniques and interpretation of results from qualitative and quantitative points of view are dealt with. The distribution of xenobiotics in VH samples is thus discussed and illustrated by a table reporting the concentrations of 106 drugs from more than 300 case reports. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of publications found in the MEDLINE database from 1969 through April 30, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bévalot
- Laboratoire LAT LUMTOX, 71 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France.,Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Département de Médecine Légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Place D'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.,CREATIS CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1044, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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33
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Wu MV, Shamy JL, Bedi G, Choi CWJ, Wall MM, Arango V, Boldrini M, Foltin RW, Hen R. Impact of social status and antidepressant treatment on neurogenesis in the baboon hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1861-71. [PMID: 24518288 PMCID: PMC4059894 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is critically implicated in rodent models of stress and anxiety as well as behavioral effects of antidepressants. Whereas similar factors such as psychiatric disorder and antidepressant administration are correlated with hippocampal volume in humans, the relationship between these factors and adult neurogenesis is less well understood. To better bridge the gap between rodent and human physiology, we examined the numbers of proliferating neural precursors and immature cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) as well as in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-estimated whole hippocampal volume in eight socially dominant- or subordinate-like (SL) baboons administered the antidepressant fluoxetine or vehicle. SL baboons had lower numbers of proliferating cells and immature neurons than socially dominant-like baboons. Fluoxetine treatment was associated with a larger whole hippocampal volume but surprisingly resulted in lower numbers of immature neurons. These findings are the first to indicate that adult neurogenesis in the baboon hippocampal DG may be functionally relevant in the context of social stress and mechanisms of antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody V Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jul Lea Shamy
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillinder Bedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chien-Wen J Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard W Foltin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, Kolb Annex, Room 767, New York, NY 10032, USA, Tel: +1 212 646 774 7108, Fax: +1 212 543 5074, E-mail:
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34
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Impact of neonatal sertraline exposure on the post-myocardial infarction outcomes of adult male mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:479-84. [PMID: 23921310 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a4db90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) leads to decreased left ventricular volumes and sympathetic activation in adult mice. We hypothesized this neonatal SSRI exposure-induced small left heart syndrome would increase post-myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and mortality. C57BL/6 mice received saline or sertraline (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on postnatal days 1-14. At 5 months, male mice underwent coronary artery ligation and were monitored by radiotelemetry until death or 4 weeks after ligation. After ligation, SSRI-exposed mice had increased heart rates (SSRI, 516 ± 13 bpm; control, 470 ± 15 bpm; P < 0.05). SSRI-exposed mice had significant reductions in left ventricular systolic volumes both before and after coronary ligation (SSRI: baseline = 20 ± 3 μL, post-MI = 37 ± 10 μL; control: baseline = 30 ± 3 μL, post-MI = 65 ± 23 μL). Post-MI echocardiography showed significantly decreased ejection fraction in control mice (baseline = 60% ± 4%, post-MI = 41% ± 2%, P < 0.01) but not the SSRI-exposed mice (baseline = 65% ± 3%, post-MI = 53% ± 7%). Neonatal SSRI exposure did not significantly alter post-MI survival. We conclude that the preexisting SSRI-induced small left heart syndrome may provide protection from post-MI ventricular dilation.
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Veerman CC, Verkerk AO, Blom MT, Klemens CA, Langendijk PNJ, van Ginneken ACG, Wilders R, Tan HL. Slow delayed rectifier potassium current blockade contributes importantly to drug-induced long QT syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:1002-9. [PMID: 23995305 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced long QT syndrome is generally ascribed to inhibition of the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). Effects on the slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) are less recognized. Triggered by a patient who carried the K422T mutation in KCNQ1 (encoding the α-subunit of the IKs channel), who presented with excessive QT prolongation and high serum levels of norfluoxetine, we investigated the effects of fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine on IKs. METHODS AND RESULTS ECG data from mutation carriers and noncarriers revealed that the K422T mutation per se had mild clinical effects. Patch clamp studies, performed on HEK293 cells, showed that heterozygously expressed K422T KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels had a positive shift in voltage dependence of activation and an increase in deactivation rate. Fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine both inhibited KCNQ1/KCNE1 current, with norfluoxetine being the most potent. Moreover, norfluoxetine increased activation and deactivation rates. Computer simulations of the effects of norfluoxetine on IKs and IKr demonstrated significant action potential prolongation, to which IKs block contributed importantly. Although the effects of the mutation per se were small, additional IKs blockade by norfluoxetine resulted in more prominent QTc prolongation in mutation carriers than in noncarriers, demonstrating synergistic effects of innate and drug-induced IKs blockade on QTc prolongation. CONCLUSIONS IKs blockade contributes importantly to drug-induced long QT syndrome, especially when repolarization reserve is reduced. Drug safety tests might have to include screening for IKs blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C Veerman
- Heart Center, and Departments of Anatomy, Embryology, and Physiology, Cardiology, Hospital Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Reinier de Graaf Group Hospitals, Delft, the Netherlands
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Haskell SE, Hermann GM, Reinking BE, Volk KA, Peotta VA, Zhu V, Roghair RD. Sertraline exposure leads to small left heart syndrome in adult mice. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:286-93. [PMID: 23232669 PMCID: PMC3607080 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the most commonly prescribed therapy for maternal depression. Epidemiologic studies have linked SSRI exposure with decreased fetal growth, altered autonomic regulation, and cardiac malformations. We hypothesized that SSRI exposure decreases left-ventricular (LV) volumes and increases adult sympathetic nervous system activation, resulting in increased adult heart rates. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received saline or sertraline (5 or 15 mg/kg/day i.p.) on postnatal days 1-14. Adult phenotypes were assessed at 5 mo. RESULTS Sertraline-exposed mice had smaller LV internal diameters in diastole (control 4.0 ± 0.1 mm, SSRI 3.7 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05), decreased stroke volumes (control 46 ± 2.6 µl, SSRI 37 ± 2.3 µl, P < 0.05), higher heart rates (control 530 ± 13 beats per minute (bpm), SSRI 567 ± 6 bpm, P <0.05), and increased urinary excretion of noradrenaline (control 174 ± 29.4 ng/ml, SSRI 276 ± 35.1 ng/ml, P < 0.05). These changes were associated with increased cerebral serotonin transporter (5-HTT) expression. CONCLUSION Neonatal sertraline exposure causes long-term changes in cardiac morphology and physiology. We speculate that early-life SSRI exposure impairs cardiomyocyte growth and central serotonin signaling, leading to a small left heart syndrome in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Haskell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Gregory M. Hermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Benjamin E. Reinking
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kenneth A. Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Veronica A. Peotta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Vivian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Robert D. Roghair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Han E, Kim E, Hong H, Jeong S, Kim J, In S, Chung H, Lee S. Evaluation of postmortem redistribution phenomena for commonly encountered drugs. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 219:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Brunet B, Mura P. L’humeur vitrée en toxicologie médico-légale : revue de la littérature et applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/ata/2012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Shi S, Liu Y, Wu J, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhong D, Zeng F. Comparative bioavailability and tolerability of a single 20-mg dose of two fluoxetine hydrochloride dispersible tablet formulations in fasting, healthy Chinese male volunteers: an open-label, randomized-sequence, two-period crossover study. Clin Ther 2010; 32:1977-86. [PMID: 21095492 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proprietary formulation of fluoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. Pharmacokinetic studies investigating the bioequivalence of generic and branded formulations are needed to market generic fluoxetine in China. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability and tolerability of the proposed generic formulation with the established reference formulation of fluoxetine hydrochloride 20 mg in a fasting, healthy Chinese male population. METHODS This 10-week, open-label, randomized-sequence, single-dose, 2-period crossover study was conducted in healthy native Han Chinese male volunteers. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single 20-mg dose of the test or reference formulation, followed by a 35-day washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. Doses were administered after a 12-hour overnight fast. For analysis of pharmacokinetic properties (including C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and t(½)), blood samples were obtained over a 672-hour period after dosing. Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine, were analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. The formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if the ln-transformed ratios (test/ reference) of C(max) and AUC were within the predetermined bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%, as established by the US Food and Drug Administration, and if the P values were <0.05 for the 90% CIs. Signs and symptoms of adverse effects of fluoxetine hydrochloride such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, somnolence, anxiety, and nervousness, as well as any untoward effects, were collected using a daily written questionnaire and recorded by the study physicians. Tolerability was assessed using monitoring of vital signs, physical ex- amination, ECG, and routine blood and urine tests, along with blood biochemical tests, at the start as well as at the end of the study. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects were enrolled and completed the study (mean [SD] age, 24.4 [2.3] years [range, 20-30 years]; weight, 63.6 [8.5] kg [range, 51.2-86.8 kg]; height, 1.72 [0.07] m [range, 1.57-1.91 m]). The AUC values for fluoxetine were not consistent with a normal distribution, reflecting the existence of 2 different populations (poor and extensive metabolizers). Data from the one poor metabolizer were excluded from the pharmacokinetics data summarized. In extensive metabolizers, the mean (SD) C(max) for fluoxetine with the test formulation was 11.786 (3.459) ng/mL and T(max) was 5.48 (2.06) hours. With the reference formulation, the corresponding values were 11.754 (3.292) ng/mL and 6.26 (5.77) hours, respectively. The t(½) values with the test and reference formulations were 30.86 (7.61) and 30.96 (6.91) hours, respectively. For norfluoxetine, mean C(max) with the test formulation was 14.177 (4.957) ng/mL and T(max) was 58.48 (31.67) hours; the corresponding values for the reference formulation were 13.828 (4.838) ng/mL and 57.91 (25.75) hours. The t(½) values with the test and reference formulations were 130.91 (42.04) and 128.79 (52.72) hours, respectively. For fluoxetine, the 90% CIs (in extensive metabolizers only) for the In-transformed C(max), AUC(0-168), and AUC(0-∞) were 92.0% to 108.4%, 95.7% to 110.3%, and 97.4% to 111.3%, respectively (all, P < 0.001). For norfluoxetine, the 90% CIs for the ln-transformed C(max), AUC(0-672), and AUC(0-∞) were 93.7% to 110.7%, 98.9% to 111.4%, and 98.8% to 110.9% (all, P < 0.001). No period or sequence effects were observed for any pharmacokinetic variable in the extensive metabolizers. No adverse events were reported by the volunteers or found with results of clinical laboratory testing. CONCLUSIONS This single-dose study found that the test and reference formulations of fluoxetine hydro- chloride met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting, healthy Chinese male volunteers. Both formulations appeared to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Shi
- Clinical Trial Organization for Pharmaceutical Products of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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