1
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Adediran GA, Cox R, Jürgens MD, Morel E, Cross R, Carter H, Pereira MG, Read DS, Johnson AC. Fate and behaviour of Microplastics (> 25µm) within the water distribution network, from water treatment works to service reservoirs and customer taps. Water Res 2024; 255:121508. [PMID: 38552487 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Water treatment works have previously shown high efficiency in removing microplastics > 25 µm from raw source water. However, what is less well known is the extent to which microplastics of this size class are generated or lost within the water distribution network, particularly whether there is a greater presence in the customer tap than in the water treatment works outlet. This study focused on the presence of 21 different types of synthetic polymer particles with sizes larger than 25 µm examined through multiple rounds of sampling at outlets of water treatment works (WTW), service reservoirs (SR), and customer taps (CT) managed by seven different water companies in Britain. Nineteen different types of polymers were detected; their signature and concentration varied based on the round of sampling, the location within the water supply network, and the water company responsible for managing the supply. Among the polymers examined, polyamide (PA), polyethene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were the most commonly found. Apart from PET having its highest concentration of 0.0189 microplastic per litre (MP/L) in the SR, the concentrations of the other three most frequent polymers (PS = 0.017 MP/L, PA = 0.0752 MP/L, PP= 0.1513 MP/L) were highest in the CT. The overall prevalence of this size of microplastics in the network is low, but there was a high variability of polymer types and occurrences. These spatial and temporal variations suggested that the MP in the distribution network may exist as a series of pulses. Given the presence and polymer types, the potential for some of the microplastics to originate from materials used in the water network and domestic plumbing systems cannot be ruled out. As found before, the absolute number of microplastics in the water distribution network remained extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi A Adediran
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Ruairidh Cox
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Monika D Jürgens
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elise Morel
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Richard Cross
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Daniel S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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2
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Almeida OGG, Pereira MG, Bighetti-Trevisan RL, Santos ES, De Campos EG, Felis GE, Guimarães LHS, Polizeli MLTM, De Martinis BS, De Martinis ECP. Investigating luxS gene expression in lactobacilli along lab-scale cocoa fermentations. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104429. [PMID: 38225038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Previous metagenomic analyses have suggested that lactobacilli present potential for Quorum Sensing (QS) in cocoa fermentation, and in the present research, laboratory scale fermentations were carried out to monitor the expression of luxS, a universal marker of QS. For that, 96 h-fermentations were studied, as follows: F0 (non inoculated control), F1 (inoculated with yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria), F2 (inoculated with yeasts and acetic acid bacteria), F3 (inoculated with yeasts only). The parameters evaluated were: plate counting, quantification of key enzymes and analysis of volatile organic compounds associated with key sensory descriptors, using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, QS was estimated by the quantification of the expression of luxS genes by Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time PCR. The results demonstrated that microbial succession occurred in pilot scale fermentations, but no statistical differences for microbial enumeration and α-diversity index were observed among experiments and control. Moreover, it was not possible to make conclusive correlations of enzymatic profile and fermenting microbiota, likely due to the intrinsic activity of plant hydrolases. Regarding to the expression of luxS genes, in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum they were active along the fermentation, but for Limosilactobacillus fermentum, luxS was expressed only at early and middle phases. Correlation analysis of luxS expression and production of volatile metabolites evidenced a possible negative association of Lp. Plantarum with fermentation quality. In conclusion, these data corroborate former shotgun metagenomic analysis by demonstrating the expression of luxS by lactobacilli in pilot scale cocoa fermentation and evidence Lp. Plantarum is the main lactic acid bacteria related to its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G G Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil
| | - M G Pereira
- Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Passos, Brazil
| | - R L Bighetti-Trevisan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Básica e Oral, Brazil
| | - E S Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil
| | - E G De Campos
- Appalachian State University, Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Boone, NC, United States; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Brazil
| | - G E Felis
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Verona, Italy
| | - L H S Guimarães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - M L T M Polizeli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - B S De Martinis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Brazil
| | - E C P De Martinis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Brazil.
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3
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Ozaki S, Movalli P, Cincinelli A, Alygizakis N, Badry A, Carter H, Chaplow JS, Claßen D, Dekker RWRJ, Dodd B, Duke G, Koschorreck J, Pereira MG, Potter E, Sleep D, Slobodnik J, Thomaidis NS, Treu G, Walker L. Significant Turning Point: Common Buzzard ( Buteo buteo) Exposure to Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides in the United Kingdom. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6093-6104. [PMID: 38545700 PMCID: PMC11008253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodent populations, resulting in the serious secondary exposure of predators to these contaminants. In the United Kingdom (UK), professional use and purchase of SGARs were revised in the 2010s. Certain highly toxic SGARs have been authorized since then to be used outdoors around buildings as resistance-breaking chemicals under risk mitigation procedures. However, it is still uncertain whether and how these regulatory changes have influenced the secondary exposure of birds of prey to SGARs. Based on biomonitoring of the UK Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected from 2001 to 2019, we assessed the temporal trend of exposure to SGARs and statistically determined potential turning points. The magnitude of difenacoum decreased over time with a seasonal fluctuation, while the magnitude and prevalence of more toxic brodifacoum, authorized to be used outdoors around buildings after the regulatory changes, increased. The summer of 2016 was statistically identified as a turning point for exposure to brodifacoum and summed SGARs that increased after this point. This time point coincided with the aforementioned regulatory changes. Our findings suggest a possible shift in SGAR use to brodifacoum from difenacoum over the decades, which may pose higher risks of impacts on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ozaki
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Paola Movalli
- Naturalis
Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Environmental
Institute, Okružná
784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Badry
- German Environment
Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Heather Carter
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline S. Chaplow
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniela Claßen
- German Environment
Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Beverley Dodd
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Guy Duke
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment
Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Elaine Potter
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriele Treu
- German Environment
Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Lee Walker
- UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United
Kingdom
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4
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Billings A, Jones KC, Pereira MG, Spurgeon DJ. Emerging and legacy plasticisers in coastal and estuarine environments: A review. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168462. [PMID: 37963532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of plastic waste in the environment is an emerging and ongoing concern. In addition to the physical impacts of macroplastics and microplastics on organisms, the chemical effects of plastic additives such as plasticisers have also received increasing attention. Research concerning plasticiser pollution in estuaries and coastal environments has been a particular focus, as these environments are the primary entry point for anthropogenic contaminants into the wider marine environment. Additionally, the conditions in estuarine environments favour the sedimentation of suspended particulate matter, with which plasticisers are strongly associated. Hence, estuary systems may be where some of the highest concentrations of these pollutants are seen in freshwater and marine environments. Recent studies have confirmed emerging plasticisers and phthalates as pollutants in estuaries, with the relative abundance of these compounds controlled primarily by patterns of use, source intensity, and fate. Plasticiser profiles are typically dominated by mid-high molecular weight compounds such as DnBP, DiBP, and DEHP. Plasticisers may be taken up by estuarine and marine organisms, and some phthalates can cause negative impacts in marine organisms, although further research is required to assess the impacts of emerging plasticisers. This review provides an overview of the processes controlling the release and partitioning of emerging and legacy plasticisers in aqueous environments, in addition to the sources of plasticisers in estuarine and coastal environments. This is followed by a quantitative analysis and discussion of literature concerning the (co-)occurrence and concentrations of emerging plasticisers and phthalates in these environments. We end this review with a discussion the fate (degradation and uptake by biota) of these compounds, in addition to identification of knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Billings
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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5
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Billings A, Carter H, Cross RK, Jones KC, Pereira MG, Spurgeon DJ. Co-occurrence of macroplastics, microplastics, and legacy and emerging plasticisers in UK soils. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163258. [PMID: 37019241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite a theoretical link between plastic and plasticiser occurrence in the terrestrial environment, there are few empirical studies of the relationship between these contaminants in soils. We carried out a field study to assess the co-occurrence of plastic waste, and legacy and emerging plasticisers in UK soils (n = 19) from various land uses (woodlands, urban roadsides, urban parklands, landfill-associated). Surface plastics and soil microplastics were quantified and characterised using ATR-FTIR and μ-FTIR. Eight legacy (phthalate) and three emerging (adipate, citrate, trimellitate) plasticisers were quantified using GC-MS. Surface plastics were found at higher prevalence at landfill-associated and urban roadside sites, with levels significantly (2 orders of magnitude) greater than in woodlands. Microplastics were detected in landfill-associated (mean 12.3 particles g-1 dw), urban roadside (17.3 particles g-1 dw) and urban parkland (15.7 particles g-1 dw) soils, but not in woodland soils. The most commonly detected polymers were polyethene, polypropene and polystyrene. Mean ∑plasticiser concentration in urban roadside soils (3111 ng g-1 dw) was significantly higher than in woodlands (134 ng g-1 dw). No significant difference was found between landfill-associated (318 ng g-1 dw) and urban parkland (193 ng g-1 dw) soils and woodlands. Di-n-butyl phthalate (94.7% detection frequency) and the emerging plasticiser trioctyl trimellitate (89.5%) were the most commonly detected plasticisers, with diethylhexyl phthalate (493 ng g-1 dw) and di-iso-decyl phthalate (96.7 ng g-1 dw) present at the highest concentrations. ∑plasticiser concentrations were significantly correlated with surface plastic (R2 = 0.23), but not with soil microplastic concentrations. Whilst plastic litter seems a fundamental source of plasticisers in soils, mechanisms such as airborne transport from source areas may be as important. Based on the data from this study, phthalates remain the dominant plasticisers in soils, but emerging plasticisers are already widespread, as reflected by their presence in all land uses studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Billings
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard K Cross
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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6
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Ozaki S, Movalli P, Cincinelli A, Alygizakis N, Badry A, Chaplow JS, Claßen D, Dekker RWRJ, Dodd B, Duke G, Koschorreck J, Pereira MG, Potter E, Slobodnik J, Thacker S, Thomaidis NS, Treu G, Walker L. The importance of in-year seasonal fluctuations for biomonitoring of apex predators: A case study of 14 essential and non-essential elements in the liver of the common buzzard (Buteobuteo) in the United Kingdom. Environ Pollut 2023; 323:121308. [PMID: 36804138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements are chemical contaminants spread in the environment by anthropogenic activities and threaten wildlife and human health. Many studies have investigated this contamination in apex raptors as sentinel birds. However, there is limited data for long-term biomonitoring of multiple trace elements in raptors. In the present study, we measured the concentrations of 14 essential and non-essential trace elements in the livers of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected in the United Kingdom from 2001 to 2019 and investigated whether concentrations have changed during this period. In addition, we estimated the importance of selected variables for modelling element accumulations in tissues. Except for cadmium, hepatic concentrations of harmful elements in most buzzards were lower than the biological significance level of each element. Hepatic concentrations of certain elements, including lead, cadmium, and arsenic, varied markedly seasonally within years. Their peak was in late winter and trough in late summer, except copper which showed an opposite seasonal pattern. In addition, lead in the liver consistently increased over time, whereas strontium showed a decreasing trend. Hepatic concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and chromium increased with age, whereas selenium and chromium were influenced by sex. Hepatic concentrations of arsenic and chromium also differed between different regions. Overall, our samples showed a low risk of harmful effects of most elements compared to the thresholds reported in the literature. Seasonal fluctuation was an important descriptor of exposure, which might be related to the diet of the buzzard, the ecology of their prey, and human activities such as the use of lead shot for hunting. However, elucidating reasons for these observed trends needs further examination, and biomonitoring studies exploring the effects of variables such as age, sex, and seasonality are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ozaki
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom.
| | - Paola Movalli
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Delle Lastruccia 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Badry
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Jacqueline S Chaplow
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Claßen
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - René W R J Dekker
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Beverley Dodd
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Duke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Potter
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Thacker
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriele Treu
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06813, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Lee Walker
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
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7
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Lahive E, Matzke M, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ, Pouran H, Zhang H, Lawlor A, Glória Pereira M, Lofts S. Soil properties influence the toxicity and availability of Zn from ZnO nanoparticles to earthworms. Environ Pollut 2023; 319:120907. [PMID: 36586557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To develop models that support site-specific risk assessment for nanoparticles (NPs), a better understanding of how NP transformation processes, bioavailability and toxicity are influenced by soil properties is needed. In this study, the influence of differing soil properties on the bioavailability and toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and ionic Zn to the earthworm Eisenia fetida was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to ZnO_NPs and ionic Zn, between 100 and 4400 mg Zn/kg, in four different natural soils (organic matter content: 1.8-16.7%, soil pH: 5.4-8.3, representing sandy loam to calcareous soils). Survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 and 56 days, respectively. Zn concentrations in soil pore waters were measured while labile concentrations of Zn were measured using an in-situ dynamic speciation technique (diffusive gradient in thin films, DGT). Earthworm Zn tissue concentrations were also measured. Soil properties influenced earthworm reproduction between soil controls, with highest reproductive output in soils with pH values of 6-7. Toxicity was also influenced by soil properties, with EC50s based on total Zn in soil ranging from 694 to >2200 mg Zn/kg for ZnO_NP and 277-734 mg Zn/kg for ionic Zn. Soil pore water and DGT measurements showed good agreement in the relative amount of Zn extracted across the four soils. Earthworms exposed to ZnO_NPs survived higher Zn concentrations in the soils and had higher tissue concentrations compared with ionic Zn exposures, particularly in the high organic content calcareous soil. These higher tissue concentrations in ZnO_NP exposed earthworm could have consequences for the persistence and trophic mobility of Zn in terrestrial systems and need to be further investigated to elucidate if there any longer-term risks associated with sustained input of ZnO_NP to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
| | - M Matzke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - C Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - D J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - H Pouran
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
| | - H Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Lawlor
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - S Lofts
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
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8
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Bart S, Jager T, Short S, Robinson A, Sleep D, Pereira MG, Spurgeon DJ, Ashauer R. Modelling the effects of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on the life cycle of the soil dwelling annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, an original experimental design to calibrate a DEB-TKTD model. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 250:114499. [PMID: 36610295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB) enables ecotoxicologists to model the effects of chemical stressors on organism life cycles through the coupling of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models. While good progress has been made in the application of DEB-TKTD models for aquatic organisms, applications for soil fauna are scarce, due to the lack of dedicated experimental designs suitable for collecting the required time series effect data. Enchytraeids (Annelida: Clitellata) are model organisms in soil ecology and ecotoxicology. They are recognised as indicators of biological activity in soil, and chemical stress in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this, the application of DEB-TKTD models to investigate the impact of chemicals has not yet been tested on this family. Here we assessed the impact of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on the life cycle of Enchytraeus crypticus. We developed an original experimental design to collect the data required for the calibration of a DEB-TKTD model for this species. E. crypticus presented a slow initial growth phase that has been successfully simulated with the addition of a size-dependent food limitation for juveniles in the DEB model. The DEB-TKTD model simulations successfully agreed with the data for all endpoints and treatments over time. The highlighted physiological mode of action (pMoA) for cypermethrin was an increase of the growth energy cost. The threshold for effects on survival was estimated at 73.14 mg kg- 1, and the threshold for effects on energy budget (i.e., sublethal effects) at 19.21 mg kg- 1. This study demonstrates that DEB-TKTD models can be successfully applied to E. crypticus as a representative soil species, and may improve the ecological risk assessment for terrestrial ecosystems, and our mechanistic understanding of chemical effects on non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; MO-ECO2 (Modelling and Data Analyses for Ecology and Ecotoxicology), Paris, France.
| | | | - Stephen Short
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - Roman Ashauer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK; Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel 4058, Switzerland
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9
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Broughton RK, Searle KR, Walker LA, Potter ED, Pereira MG, Carter H, Sleep D, Noble DG, Butler A, Johnson AC. Long-term trends of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) show widespread contamination of a bird-eating predator, the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) in Britain. Environ Pollut 2022; 314:120269. [PMID: 36162558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodents around the world. However, contamination by SGARs is detectable in many non-target species, particularly carnivorous mammals or birds-of-prey that hunt or scavenge on poisoned rodents. The SGAR trophic transfer pathway via rodents and their predators/scavengers appears widespread, but little is known of other pathways of SGAR contamination in non-target wildlife. This is despite the detection of SGARs in predators that do not eat rodents, such as specialist bird-eating hawks. We used a Bayesian modelling framework to examine the extent and spatio-temporal trends of SGAR contamination in the livers of 259 Eurasian Sparrowhawks, a specialist bird-eating raptor, in regions of Britain during 1995-2015. SGARs, predominantly difenacoum, were detected in 81% of birds, with highest concentrations in males and adults. SGAR concentrations in birds were lowest in Scotland and higher or increasing in other regions of Britain, which had a greater arable or urban land cover where SGARs may be widely deployed for rodent control. However, there was no overall trend for Britain, and 97% of SGAR residues in Eurasian Sparrowhawks were below 100 ng/g (wet weight), which is a potential threshold for lethal effects. The results have potential implications for the population decline of Eurasian Sparrowhawks in Britain. Fundamentally, the results indicate an extensive and persistent contamination of the avian trophic transfer pathway on a national scale, where bird-eating raptors and, by extension, their prey appear to be widely exposed to SGARs. Consequently, these findings have implications for wildlife contamination worldwide, wherever these common rodenticides are deployed, as widespread exposure of non-target species can apparently occur via multiple trophic transfer pathways involving birds as well as rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Broughton
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Kate R Searle
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Lee A Walker
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Elaine D Potter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David G Noble
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- BioSS, James Clerk Maxwell Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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10
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Tso CHM, Monteith D, Scott T, Watson H, Dodd B, Pereira MG, Henrys P, Hollaway M, Rennie S, Lowther A, Watkins J, Killick R, Blair G. The evolving role of weather types on rainfall chemistry under large reductions in pollutant emissions. Environ Pollut 2022; 299:118905. [PMID: 35091021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term change and shorter-term variability in the atmospheric deposition of pollutants and marine salts can have major effects on the biogeochemistry and ecology of soils and surface water ecosystems. In the 1980s, at the time of peak acid deposition in the UK, deposition loads were highly dependent on prevailing weather types, and it was postulated that future pollution recovery trajectories would be partly dependent on any climate change-driven shifts in weather systems. Following three decades of substantial acidic emission reductions, we used monitoring data collected between 1992 and 2015 from four UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) sites in contrasting parts of Great Britain to examine the trends in precipitation chemistry in relation to prevailing weather conditions. Weather systems were classified on the basis of Lamb weather type (LWT) groupings, while emissions inventories and clustering of air mass trajectories were used to interpret the observed patterns. Concentrations of ions showed clear differences between cyclonic-westerly-dominated periods and others, reflecting higher marine and lower anthropogenic contributions in Atlantic air masses. Westerlies were associated with higher rainfall, higher sea salt concentrations, and lower pollutant concentrations at all sites, while air mass paths exerted additional controls. Westerlies therefore have continued to favour higher sea salt fluxes, whereas emission reductions are increasingly leading to positive correlations between westerlies and pollutant fluxes. Our results also suggest a shift from the influence of anthropogenic emissions to natural emissions (e.g., sea salt) and climate forcing as they are transported under relatively cleaner conditions to the UK. Westerlies have been relatively frequent over the ECN monitoring period, but longer-term cyclicity in these weather types suggests that current contributions to precipitation may not be sustained over coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Hau Michael Tso
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Don Monteith
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Tony Scott
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Helen Watson
- James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Beverley Dodd
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Peter Henrys
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Michael Hollaway
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Susannah Rennie
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Aaron Lowther
- Department of Maths and Statistics, Fylde College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK
| | - John Watkins
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Rebecca Killick
- Department of Maths and Statistics, Fylde College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Gordon Blair
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; School of Computing and Communications, InfoLab21, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4WA, UK; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Data Science, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
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11
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O’Rourke E, Hynes J, Losada S, Barber JL, Pereira MG, Kean EF, Hailer F, Chadwick EA. Anthropogenic Drivers of Variation in Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Otters ( Lutra lutra) from England and Wales. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1675-1687. [PMID: 35014794 PMCID: PMC8812117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been linked to adverse health effects in wildlife and humans. Here, we report the presence of PFASs in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in England and Wales and their association with anthropogenic sources. The following 15 compounds were analyzed: 10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), 4 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide, in livers of 50 otters which died between 2007 and 2009. PFASs were detected in all otters analyzed, with 12/15 compounds detected in ≥80% of otters. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accounted for 75% of the ΣPFAS profile, with a maximum concentration of 6800 μg/kg wet weight (ww). Long-chain (≥C8) PFCAs accounted for 99.9% of the ΣPFCA profile, with perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid having the highest maxima (369 μg/kg ww and 170 μg/kg ww, respectively). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations were negatively associated with the distance from a factory that used PFOA in polytetrafluoroethylene manufacture. Most PFAS concentrations in otters were positively associated with load entering wastewater treatment works (WWTW) and with arable land, suggesting that WWTW effluent and sewage sludge-amended soils are significant pathways of PFASs into freshwaters. Our results reveal the widespread pollution of British freshwaters with PFASs and demonstrate the utility of otters as effective sentinels for spatial variation in PFAS concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily O’Rourke
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Juliet Hynes
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Sara Losada
- Centre
for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road,
Suffolk, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, U.K.
| | - Jonathan L. Barber
- Centre
for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road,
Suffolk, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, U.K.
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- U.K.
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue,
Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K.
| | - Eleanor F. Kean
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Frank Hailer
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
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12
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Erthal FS, Bastos AF, Vaccariello C, Madeira ATS, Santos TS, Stariolo JB, Oliveira L, Pereira MG, Calaza KC, Hedin-Pereira C, Volchan E. Towards diversity in science - a glance at gender disparity in the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11026. [PMID: 34287580 PMCID: PMC8289346 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gender equity is far from being achieved in most academic institutions worldwide. Women representation in scientific leadership faces multiple obstacles. Implicit bias and stereotype threat are considered important driving forces concerning gender disparities. Negative cultural stereotypes of weak scientific performance, unrelated to true capacity, are implicitly associated with women and other social groups, influencing, without awareness, attitudes and judgments towards them. Meetings of scientific societies are the forum in which members from all stages of scientific careers are brought together. Visibility in the scientific community stems partly from presenting research as a speaker. Here, we investigated gender disparities in the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Across the 15 mandates (1978-2020), women occupied 30% of the directory board posts, and only twice was a woman president. We evaluated six meetings held between 2010 and 2019. During this period, the membership of women outnumbered that of men in all categories. A total of 57.50% of faculty members, representing the potential pool of speakers and chairs, were female. Compared to this expected value, female speakers across the six meetings were scarce in full conferences (χ2(5)=173.54, P<0.001) and low in symposia (χ2(5)=36.92, P<0.001). Additionally, women chaired fewer symposia (χ2(5)=47.83, P<0.001). Furthermore, men-chaired symposia had significantly fewer women speakers than women-chaired symposia (χ2(1)=56.44, P<0.001). The gender disparities observed here are similar to those in other scientific societies worldwide, urging them to lead actions to pursue gender balance and diversity. Diversity leads not only to fairness but also to higher-quality science.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Erthal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A F Bastos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - C Vaccariello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A T S Madeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - T S Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J B Stariolo
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - L Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - K C Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - C Hedin-Pereira
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Volchan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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13
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Moore EM, Alexander ME, Sloman KA, Pereira MG, Thacker SA, Orton F. Laboratory-Based Comparison for the Effects of Environmental Stressors Supports Field Evidence for the Relative Importance of Pollution on Life History and Behavior of the Pond Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:8806-8816. [PMID: 34167293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate globally, with freshwater ecosystems particularly threatened. Field-based correlational studies have "ranked" stressors according to their relative effects on freshwater biota, however, supporting cause-effect data from laboratory exposures are lacking. Here, we designed exposures to elicit chronic effects over equivalent exposure ranges for three ubiquitous stressors (temperature: 22-28 °C; pollution [14 component mixture]: 0.05-50 μg/L; invasive predator cue [signal crayfish, Pacifasticus leniusculus]: 25-100% cue) and investigated effects on physiological end points in the pond snail (Lymnaeastagnalis). All stressors reduced posthatch survival at their highest exposure levels, however, highly divergent effects were observed at lower test levels. Temperature stimulated hatching, growth, and reproduction, whereas pollution delayed hatching, decreased growth, reduced egg number/embryo viability, and induced avoidance behavior. The invasive predator cue stimulated growth and reduced embryo viability. In agreement with field-based ranking of stressors, pollution was identified as having the most severe effects in our test system. We demonstrate here the utility of laboratory studies to effectively determine hierarchy of stressors according to their likelihood of causing harm in the field, which has importance for conservation. Finally, we report negative impacts on life-history traits central to population stability (survival/reproduction) at the lowest pollution level tested (0.05 μg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Moore
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE Scotland
| | - Mhairi E Alexander
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE Scotland
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE Scotland
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Thacker
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Orton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE Scotland
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14
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Short S, Robinson A, Lahive E, Green Etxabe A, Hernádi S, Pereira MG, Kille P, Spurgeon DJ. Off-Target Stoichiometric Binding Identified from Toxicogenomics Explains Why Some Species Are More Sensitive than Others to a Widely Used Neonicotinoid. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:3059-3069. [PMID: 33559465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are currently licensed for use in 120 countries, making accurate nontarget species sensitivity predictions critical. Unfortunately, such predictions are fraught with uncertainty, as sensitivity is extrapolated from only a few test species and neonicotinoid sensitivities can differ greatly between closely related taxa. Combining classical toxicology with de novo toxicogenomics could greatly improve sensitivity predictions and identify unexpectedly susceptible species. We show that there is a >30-fold differential species sensitivity (DSS) for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid between five earthworm species, a critical nontarget taxon. This variation could not be explained by differential toxicokinetics. Furthermore, comparing key motif expression in subunit genes of the classical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) target predicts only minor differences in the ligand binding domains (LBDs). In contrast, predicted dissimilarities in LBDs do occur in the highly expressed but nonclassical targets, acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs). Critically, the predicted AChBP divergence is capable of explaining DSS. We propose that high expression levels of putative nonsynaptic AChBPs with high imidacloprid affinities reduce imidacloprid binding to critical nAChRs involved in vital synaptic neurotransmission. This study provides a clear example of how pragmatic interrogation of key motif expression in complex multisubunit receptors can predict observed DSS, thereby informing sensitivity predictions for essential nontarget species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Short
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Szabolcs Hernádi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
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15
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Pereira MG, Lacorte S, Walker LA, Shore RF. Contrasting long term temporal trends in perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in eggs of the northern gannet (Morus bassanus) from two UK colonies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:141900. [PMID: 32916484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We compared long-term (1977 to 2014) trends in concentrations of PFAS in eggs of the marine sentinel species, the Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), from the Irish Sea (Ailsa Craig) and the North Sea (Bass Rock). Concentrations of eight perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) were determined and we report the first dataset on PFAS in UK seabirds before and after the PFOS ban. There were no significant differences in ∑PFAS or ∑PFSAs between both colonies. The ∑PFSAs dominated the PFAS profile (>80%); PFOS accounted for the majority of the PFSAs (98-99%). In contrast, ∑PFCAs concentrations were slightly but significantly higher in eggs from Ailsa Craig than in those from Bass Rock. The most abundant PFCAs were perfluorotridecanoate (PFTriDA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA) which, together with PFOA, comprised around 90% of the ∑PFCAs. The ∑PFSAs and ∑PFCAs had very different temporal trends. ∑PFSAs concentrations in eggs from both colonies increased significantly in the earlier part of the study but later declined significantly, demonstrating the effectiveness of the phasing out of PFOS production in the 2000s. In contrast, ∑PFCAs concentrations in eggs were constant and low in the 1970s and 1980s, suggesting minimal environmental contamination, but residues subsequently increased significantly in both colonies until the end of the study. This increase appeared driven by rises in long chain compounds, namely the odd chain numbered PFTriDA and PFUnA. PFOA, had a very different temporal trend from the other dominant acids, with an earlier rise in concentrations followed by a decline in the last 15 years in Ailsa Craig; later temporal trends in Bass Rock eggs were unclear. Although eggs from both colonies contained relatively low concentrations of PFAS, the majority had PFOS residues that exceeded a suggested Predicted No Effect Concentration and ~ 10% of the eggs exceeded a suggested Lowest-Observable-Adverse-Effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Diagnostics and Water Studies, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lee A Walker
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
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16
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Calheiros T, Pereira MG, Nunes JP. Assessing impacts of future climate change on extreme fire weather and pyro-regions in Iberian Peninsula. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142233. [PMID: 32920419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Weather conditions play an important role in wildfire activity. In many regions, future climate could lead to different fire weather, with impacts on the ignition, behaviour, and suppression of wildfires, which may, therefore, force new fire regimes. This study aimed to assess the evolution of fire weather indices and the Number of Extreme Days (NED) in the context of climate change. We estimated the impact of these changes on monthly Normalized Burnt Area (NBA) and in the spatial distribution of Pyro-Regions (PR), using a recently identified relationship between NED and NBA intra-annual patterns. The components of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS) in the Iberian Peninsula were analysed for present-day conditions and future climate scenarios, using daily data from ERA-Interim (1980-2014) and an ensemble of simulations from 11 EURO-CORDEX high spatial resolution models, for two future periods (2041-2070 and 2071-2100) and scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results suggest a significant increase in future fire weather risk, especially in late spring and early autumn, and also in southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula. NED is expected to strongly increase in summer months in the four PRs, but also to decrease in March and April in the northwestern and southwestern PR. This could change the spatial distribution of PRs, with a general northwards movement: the northern PR is expected to disappear except north of the Cantabrian Mountains, being replaced by the northwestern PR; the southwestern PR is expected to grow and occupy part of the area currently in the northwestern PR; and a new PR could appear in parts of the current eastern PR. These PR changes follow the projected modifications in the major climate regions. Results suggest different fire regimes in the future, with higher fire weather risk, and a longer and harsher fire season.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Calheiros
- cE3c: centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M G Pereira
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; IDL, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J P Nunes
- cE3c: centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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17
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Lennon RJ, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Peach WJ, Dunn JC, Arnold KE, Brown CD. High prevalence of the neonicotinoid clothianidin in liver and plasma samples collected from gamebirds during autumn sowing. Sci Total Environ 2020; 742:140493. [PMID: 32629254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since neonicotinoid insecticides were introduced to the agricultural market, evidence of the negative impacts of these systemic compounds on non-target species has accumulated. Birds are one of the largest groups of species to inhabit farmland, but the extent of neonicotinoid exposure in avian communities is poorly understood and very little is known about how any exposure may affect wild birds. Here, free-living gamebirds were used as a model group to measure the extent of avian exposure to the neonicotinoid clothianidin via seed treatment. During a typical sowing period of winter cereals treated with clothianidin, blood and liver samples were collected simultaneously from individual hunted gamebird carcasses, both pre- (n = 18) and post-sowing (n = 57) and were analysed for clothianidin via LC/MS-MS. Body weight, fat score and faecal parasite load were also quantified in the birds to ascertain whether any of these health parameters were associated with clothianidin exposure under field conditions. Clothianidin was detected in 6% of individuals sampled pre-sowing and 89% of individuals sampled post-sowing. The frequency of clothianidin detection in plasma samples and the concentration of clothianidin in liver and plasma samples decreased significantly between the first week and 2-4 weeks post-sowing. Faecal parasite load was positively associated with concentrations of clothianidin in the liver (but not plasma) of partridge species, but there was no association between clothianidin concentration and fat score or body weight, for either sample type. This study provides clear evidence that treated seed is a source of pesticide exposure for gamebirds following autumn sowing. These findings have implications for gamebirds worldwide where seed treatments are in use, and will aid the design of any future avian biomonitoring studies for agrochemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J Lennon
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard F Shore
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Will J Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, The University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Brown
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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18
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Carravieri A, Burthe SJ, de la Vega C, Yonehara Y, Daunt F, Newell MA, Jeffreys RM, Lawlor AJ, Hunt A, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Green JA. Interactions between Environmental Contaminants and Gastrointestinal Parasites: Novel Insights from an Integrative Approach in a Marine Predator. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8938-8948. [PMID: 32551599 PMCID: PMC7467638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants and parasites are ubiquitous stressors that can affect animal physiology and derive from similar dietary sources (co-exposure). To unravel their interactions in wildlife, it is thus essential to quantify their concurring drivers. Here, the relationship between blood contaminant residues (11 trace elements and 17 perfluoroalkyl substances) and nonlethally quantified gastrointestinal parasite loads was tested while accounting for intrinsic (sex, age, and mass) and extrinsic factors (trophic ecology inferred from stable isotope analyses and biologging) in European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis. Shags had high mercury (range 0.65-3.21 μg g-1 wet weight, ww) and extremely high perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) residues (3.46-53 and 4.48-44 ng g-1 ww, respectively). Males had higher concentrations of arsenic, mercury, PFOA, and PFNA than females, while the opposite was true for selenium, perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), and perfluooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Individual parasite loads (Contracaecum rudolphii) were higher in males than in females. Females targeted pelagic-feeding prey, while males relied on both pelagic- and benthic-feeding organisms. Parasite loads were not related to trophic ecology in either sex, suggesting no substantial dietary co-exposure with contaminants. In females, parasite loads increased strongly with decreasing selenium:mercury molar ratios. Females may be more susceptible to the interactive effects of contaminants and parasites on physiology, with potential fitness consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Carravieri
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, U.K.
- ,
| | - Sarah J. Burthe
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, U.K.
| | - Camille de la Vega
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, U.K.
| | - Yoshinari Yonehara
- Atmosphere
and Ocean Research Institute, University
of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Francis Daunt
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Newell
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, U.K.
| | - Rachel M. Jeffreys
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, U.K.
| | - Alan J. Lawlor
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Alexander Hunt
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Richard F. Shore
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
Environment Centre, Library
Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, U.K.
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19
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Lennon RJ, Peach WJ, Dunn JC, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Sleep D, Dodd S, Wheatley CJ, Arnold KE, Brown CD. From seeds to plasma: Confirmed exposure of multiple farmland bird species to clothianidin during sowing of winter cereals. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138056. [PMID: 32224397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the largest group of systemic insecticides worldwide and are most commonly applied as agricultural seed treatments. However, little is known about the extent to which farmland birds are exposed to these compounds during standard agricultural practices. This study uses winter cereal, treated with the neonicotinoid clothianidin, as a test system to examine patterns of exposure in farmland birds during a typical sowing period. The availability of neonicotinoid-treated seed was recorded post-sowing at 39 fields (25 farms), and camera traps were used to monitor seed consumption by wild birds in situ. The concentration of clothianidin in treated seeds and crop seedlings was measured via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and avian blood samples were collected from 11 species of farmland bird from a further six capture sites to quantify the prevalence and level of clothianidin exposure associated with seed treatments. Neonicotinoid-treated seeds were found on the soil surface at all but one of the fields surveyed at an average density of 2.8 seeds/m2. The concentration of clothianidin in seeds varied around the target application rate, whilst crop seedlings contained on average 5.9% of the clothianidin measured in seeds. Exposure was confirmed in 32% of bird species observed in treated fields and 50% of individual birds post-sowing; the median concentration recorded in positive samples was 12 ng/mL. Results here provide clear evidence that a variety of farmland birds are subject to neonicotinoid exposure following normal agricultural sowing of neonicotinoid-treated cereal seed. Furthermore, the widespread availability of seeds at the soil surface was identified as a primary source of exposure. Overall, these data are likely to have global implications for bird species and current agricultural policies where neonicotinoids are in use, and may be pertinent to any future risk assessments for systemic insecticide seed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J Lennon
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom.
| | - Will J Peach
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, The University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F Shore
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Dodd
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Wheatley
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Brown
- Department of Environment and Geography, The University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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20
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Morrissey CA, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137271. [PMID: 32065886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legacy organic pollutants persist in freshwater environments, but there is limited understanding of how their trophic transfer and effects vary across riverine ecosystems with different land use, biological communities and food webs. Here, we investigated the trophic magnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a suite of organochlorines (OCs) across nine riverine food webs in contrasting hydrological catchments across South Wales (United Kingdom). Pollutants biomagnified through the food webs in all catchments studied, in some cases reaching levels sufficient for biological effects on invertebrates, fish and river birds such as the Dipper (Cinclus cinclus). Trophic magnification differed across food webs depending on pollutant characteristics (e.g. octanol-water partitioning coefficient) and site-specific environmental conditions (e.g. land use, water chemistry and basal resource composition). The trophic magnification of PBDEs, PCBs and OCs also reflected food-web structure, with greater accumulation in more connected food webs with more generalist taxa. These data highlight interactions between pollutant properties, environmental conditions and biological network structure in the transfer and biomagnification of POPs in river ecosystems. We advocate the need for further investigations of system-specific transfers of contaminants through aquatic food webs as these factors appear to have important implications for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B5, Canada
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK
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21
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Santos BD, Moreira CS, Vilaça M, Carvalho E, Pereira MG. Dyadic Adjustment and Sexual Satisfaction in HPV Diagnosed Portuguese Women: A Longitudinal Study. J Sex Marital Ther 2020; 46:564-575. [PMID: 32400292 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1761495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between dyadic adjustment and sexual satisfaction, in Portuguese women diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV), using a 1-year longitudinal design. Women were assessed at the beginning of the study (N = 209), six months after (N = 178) and twelve months later (N = 105). A better dyadic adjustment predicted more sexual satisfaction but the inverse was not observed. Younger women (< 40 years) showed greater difficulties in dyadic adjustment, while older women (> 40 years) reported lower sexual satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of intervening with couples, using different intervention programs according to women's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Santos
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - C S Moreira
- Faculty of Sciences and Centre of Mathematics, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Vilaça
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - E Carvalho
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G Pereira
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
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22
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Horton AA, Newbold LK, Palacio-Cortés AM, Spurgeon DJ, Pereira MG, Carter H, Gweon HS, Vijver MG, van Bodegom PM, Navarro da Silva MA, Lahive E. Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and microbiome response in the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with exposure to nylon (polyamide) microplastics. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109882. [PMID: 31698175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics attract widespread attention, including for their potential to transport toxic chemicals in the form of plasticisers and associated hydrophobic organic chemicals, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The aims of this study were to investigate how nylon (polyamide) microplastics may affect PBDE accumulation in snails, and the acute effects of nylon particles and PBDEs on survival, weight change and inherent microbiome diversity and community composition of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed for 96 h to BDEs-47, 99, 100 and 153 in the presence and absence of 1% w/w nylon microplastics in quartz sand sediment. No mortality was observed over the exposure period. Snails not exposed to microplastics lost significantly more weight compared to those exposed to microplastics. Increasing PBDE concentration in the sediment resulted in an increased PBDE body burden in the snails, however microplastics did not significantly influence total PBDE uptake. Based on individual congeners, uptake of BDE 47 by snails was significantly reduced in the presence of microplastics. The diversity and composition of the snail microbiome was not significantly altered by the presence of PBDEs nor by the microplastics, singly or combined. Significant effects on a few individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) occurred when comparing the highest PBDE concentration with the control treatment, but in the absence of microplastics only. Overall within these acute experiments, only subtle effects on weight loss and slight microbiome alterations occurred. These results therefore highlight that L. stagnalis are resilient to acute exposures to microplastics and PBDEs, and that microplastics are unlikely to influence HOC accumulation or the microbiome of this species over short timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 SZH, UK; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Lindsay K Newbold
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Angela M Palacio-Cortés
- Zoology Department, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, Jardim Das Americas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-981, Brazil
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Hyun S Gweon
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 SZH, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Antonio Navarro da Silva
- Zoology Department, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. Dos Santos, Jardim Das Americas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-981, Brazil
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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23
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. River organisms as indicators of the distribution and sources of persistent organic pollutants in contrasting catchments. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113144. [PMID: 31526913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) continue to threaten aquatic organisms, but risk assessments are restricted by poor knowledge of the distribution and quantity of these substances in different biota. Assessments on aquatic invertebrates are particularly scarce. Here, we investigate variation in polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorines (OCs) in sediments, biofilms, macroinvertebrates and fish across rivers in South Wales (UK). Persistent PCB (-118, -153, -180) and PBDE congeners (BDE-47, -99, -100), and OCs (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p'-DDE] and dieldrin [HEOD]) dominated the POPs detected, indicating links to historical emissions. Low concentrations of less persistent PBDEs, PCBs and OCs, however, suggest more contemporary sources. Concentrations of POPs were 2-22 times greater in fish than invertebrates, but their detection frequency (>90%) and concentrations (0-304 ng g-1 wet weight) were higher in these organisms than in sediments or biofilms (<10%; 0-12 ng g-1 wet weight). Invertebrates and fish also contained several PCB congeners (28, 52, 77 and 105) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) that were not detected in the environmental samples. Concentrations of PBDEs, PCBs and OCs differed among invertebrate taxa and feeding guilds. After controlling for significant variation among sample types and taxa, PBDEs were found to increase with urban land cover, while increased PCBs were associated with urban land cover and wastewater discharge. These data illustrate how body burdens of POPs across invertebrate and fish taxa provide valuable information on the spatial variation and likely sources of persistent pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. More work is required to resolve differences in POP contamination between taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, UK.
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24
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Biological Traits and the Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants through River Food Webs. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:13246-13256. [PMID: 31647636 PMCID: PMC7007205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater organisms remain at risk from bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), but factors affecting their transfer through food webs are poorly understood. Here, we investigate transfer pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organochlorine through a river food web, assessing the distribution and flux between basal resources (n = 3), macroinvertebrates (n = 22), and fish (n = 1). We investigate the effects of biological traits on the observed patterns and use trait-based models to predict POP bioaccumulation. Transfer pathways differed among POPs and traits such as habitat affinity, feeding behavior, and body size explained some variation in POP burdens between organisms. Trait-based models indicated that relationships between POPs, trophic transfers, and traits were relatively well conserved across a wider array of river food webs. Although providing more consistent predictions of POP bioaccumulation than steady-state models, variability in bioaccumulation across food webs limited the accuracy of trait-model predictions. As some of the first data to illustrate how ecological processes alter the flux of pollutants through river food webs, these results reveal important links between POPs and contrasting energetic pathways. These data also show the utility of trait-based methods in the assessment of persistent contaminants, but further field validations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M. Windsor
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, U.K.
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre
for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, U.K.
| | | | - Stephen J. Ormerod
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, U.K.
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25
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Lennon RJ, Isaac NJB, Shore RF, Peach WJ, Dunn JC, Pereira MG, Arnold KE, Garthwaite D, Brown CD. Using long-term datasets to assess the impacts of dietary exposure to neonicotinoids on farmland bird populations in England. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223093. [PMID: 31574132 PMCID: PMC6772096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, a new group of systemic insecticides-the neonicotinoids-has gained prominence in arable systems, and their application globally has risen year on year. Previous modelling studies using long-term data have suggested that neonicotinoid application has had a detrimental impact on bird populations, but these studies were either limited to a single species or neglected to analyse specific exposure pathways in conjunction with observed population trends. Using bird abundance data, neonicotinoid usage records and cropping data for England at a 5x5 km resolution, generalised linear mixed models were used to test for spatio-temporal associations between neonicotinoid use and changes in the populations of 22 farmland bird species between 1994 and 2014, and to determine whether any associations were explained by dietary preferences. We assigned farmland bird species to three categories of dietary exposure to neonicotinoids based on literature data for species diets and neonicotinoid residues present in dietary items. Significant estimates of neonicotinoid-related population change were obtained for 13 of the 22 species (9 positive effects, 4 negative effects). Model estimates for individual species were not collectively explained by dietary risk categories, so dietary exposure to neonicotinoids via ingestion of treated seeds and seedlings could not be confirmed as a causal factor in farmland bird declines. Although it is not possible to infer any generic effect of dietary exposure to neonicotinoids on farmland bird populations, our analysis identifies three species with significant negative estimates that may warrant further research (house sparrow Passer domesticus, skylark Alauda arvensis and red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa). We conclude that there was either no consistent effect of dietary exposure to neonicotinoids on farmland bird populations in England, or that any over-arching effect was not detectable using our study design. The potential for indirect effects of insecticide use on bird populations via reduced food availability was not considered here and should be a focus for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J. Lennon
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nick J. B. Isaac
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, England, United Kingdom
| | - Will J. Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny C. Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, England, United Kingdom
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, England, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - David Garthwaite
- Fera Science Ltd., National Agri-food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D. Brown
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, England, United Kingdom
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Parente J, Amraoui M, Menezes I, Pereira MG. Drought in Portugal: Current regime, comparison of indices and impacts on extreme wildfires. Sci Total Environ 2019; 685:150-173. [PMID: 31174114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Portugal, drought characterizes the climatic variability, contributes to the increase of fire risk and its duration and intensity are expected to increase in future climate. Surprisingly, the quantitative and objective analysis to characterize the drought regime in current climate conditions as well as its influence on the occurrence of large wildfires (LW) has never been done for Portugal, which are the main objectives of this study. We assessed drought regime for recent past climate conditions (1981-2017), using four different drought indices, namely SPI, SPEI, RDI and VCI, and assessed the influence of drought in LW occurrence. Results include the characterization of drought number, duration, severity, intensity, extension, intra- and inter-annual variability for different classes of severity and the space-time distribution of LW in drought periods and affected area. Our main findings include 67% of the study period were drought months; regions with higher drought duration and severity assessed with SPI and SPEI for general drought conditions evolves from north to south with the increase of drought assessment period; drought characteristics present low intra - annual and inter - annual variability but are clearly associated to the temporal and spatial distribution of LW. In fact, all LW occurred during drought assessed with SPI or SPEI, almost all LW (97% to 95%) and corresponding burnt area (98% to 97%) occurred during drought assessed with SPI and SPEI. The relationship between drought and fire incidence is statistical significant for 3 - month SPI, 3 - and 6 - month SPEI, and is particularly strong for Moderate and Severe drought. 85% and 87% of LW occurred in area affected by drought assessed with SPI or SPEI, respectively. It is not clear which is the best index, but drought plays a fundamental role in the occurrence of large wildfires in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parente
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - M Amraoui
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - I Menezes
- ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; DREAMS, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M G Pereira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; Instituto Dom Luiz, IDL, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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27
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Movalli P, Duke G, Ramello G, Dekker R, Vrezec A, Shore RF, García-Fernández A, Wernham C, Krone O, Alygizakis N, Badry A, Barbagli F, Biesmeijer K, Boano G, Bond AL, Choresh Y, Christensen JB, Cincinelli A, Danielsson S, Dias A, Dietz R, Eens M, Espín S, Eulaers I, Frahnert S, Fuiz TI, Gkotsis G, Glowacka N, Gómez-Ramírez P, Grotti M, Guiraud M, Hosner P, Johansson U, Jaspers VLB, Kamminga P, Koschorreck J, Knopf B, Kubin E, Brutto SL, Lourenco R, Martellini T, Martínez-López E, Mateo R, Nika MC, Nikolopoulou V, Osborn D, Pauwels O, Pavia M, Pereira MG, Rüdel H, Sanchez-Virosta P, Slobodnik J, Sonne C, Thomaidis N, Töpfer T, Treu G, Väinölä R, Valkama J, van der Mije S, Vangeluwe D, Warren BH, Woog F. Correction to: Progress on bringing together raptor collections in Europe for contaminant research and monitoring in relation to chemicals regulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29503-29505. [PMID: 31392605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The correct affiliation of Sabrina Lo Brutto is shown in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Movalli
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2332, Leiden, RA, Netherlands.
| | - Guy Duke
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Gloria Ramello
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Via S Francesco di Sales, 188, 10022, Carmagnola, Torino, Italy
| | - René Dekker
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2332, Leiden, RA, Netherlands
| | - Al Vrezec
- Institute for Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Antonio García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chris Wernham
- BTO Scotland, Beta Centre (Unit 15), Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Oliver Krone
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fausto Barbagli
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Koos Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2332, Leiden, RA, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Boano
- Institute for Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Yael Choresh
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Chushi Ave, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Sara Danielsson
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreia Dias
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2ª Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000-890, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sylke Frahnert
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor I Fuiz
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u 13, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georgios Gkotsis
- Νational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Glowacka
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marco Grotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michel Guiraud
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP 51, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter Hosner
- Danish Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, København K, Denmark
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pepijn Kamminga
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2332, Leiden, RA, Netherlands
| | | | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Eero Kubin
- Oulu University, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sabrina Lo Brutto
- Museum of Zoology "P. Doderlein" and Dept. STEBICEF, Section Animal Biology, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rui Lourenco
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Valverde, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, Ronda de Toledo, 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Dan Osborn
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olivier Pauwels
- Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Pavia
- Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Till Töpfer
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Risto Väinölä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Post Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Valkama
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Post Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Didier Vangeluwe
- Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben H Warren
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP 51, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Woog
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Movalli P, Duke G, Ramello G, Dekker R, Vrezec A, Shore RF, García-Fernández A, Wernham C, Krone O, Alygizakis N, Badry A, Barbagli F, Biesmeijer K, Boano G, Bond AL, Choresh Y, Christensen JB, Cincinelli A, Danielsson S, Dias A, Dietz R, Eens M, Espín S, Eulaers I, Frahnert S, Fuiz TI, Gkotsis G, Glowacka N, Gómez-Ramírez P, Grotti M, Guiraud M, Hosner P, Johansson U, Jaspers VLB, Kamminga P, Koschorreck J, Knopf B, Kubin E, LoBrutto S, Lourenco R, Martellini T, Martínez-López E, Mateo R, Nika MC, Nikolopoulou V, Osborn D, Pauwels O, Pavia M, Pereira MG, Rüdel H, Sanchez-Virosta P, Slobodnik J, Sonne C, Thomaidis N, Töpfer T, Treu G, Väinölä R, Valkama J, van der Mije S, Vangeluwe D, Warren BH, Woog F. Progress on bringing together raptor collections in Europe for contaminant research and monitoring in relation to chemicals regulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20132-20136. [PMID: 31134546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Movalli
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondelaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Guy Duke
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Gloria Ramello
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Via S Francesco di Sales, 188, 10022, Carmagnola, Torino, Italy
| | - René Dekker
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondelaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute for Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Antonio García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chris Wernham
- BTO Scotland, Beta Centre (Unit 15), Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Oliver Krone
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fausto Barbagli
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Koos Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondelaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Boano
- National Institute for Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Yael Choresh
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Chushi Ave., Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Sara Danielsson
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreia Dias
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2ª Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000-890, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sylke Frahnert
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor I Fuiz
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u 13, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georgios Gkotsis
- Νational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Glowacka
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241, Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marco Grotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michel Guiraud
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP 51, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter Hosner
- Danish Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, København K, Denmark
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pepijn Kamminga
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondelaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Eero Kubin
- Oulu University, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sabrina LoBrutto
- Dept. STEBICEF, Section Animal Biology, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rui Lourenco
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Valverde, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Dan Osborn
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olivier Pauwels
- Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Pavia
- Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Till Töpfer
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Risto Väinölä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Post Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Valkama
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Post Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Didier Vangeluwe
- Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben H Warren
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP 51, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Woog
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, Germany
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Whitlock SE, Pereira MG, Lane J, Sleep D, Shore RF, Arnold KE. Detecting fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in wild bird tissues and feathers. Environ Int 2019; 126:193-201. [PMID: 30802636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the environment with human pharmaceuticals is widespread and demand for such products is mounting globally. Wild vertebrates may be at particular risk from any effects from pharmaceuticals, because of the evolutionary conservation of drug targets. However, exposure of wildlife to pharmaceuticals is poorly characterised, partly due to challenges associated with detecting rapidly metabolised compounds. As part of a wider study on the behavioural effects of fluoxetine (Prozac) on Eurasian starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), we investigated which avian samples are best suited for detecting exposure to fluoxetine in free-living birds. We analysed plasma, various tissues and tail feathers (grown both in the wild and in captivity during the dosing period) from fluoxetine-treated birds (dosed daily with 0.035 mg kg-1 bodyweight for 28 weeks), and liver tissue and tail feathers from sham-dosed birds. We detected fluoxetine in only two of twelve plasma samples from dosed birds. In dosed birds, median concentrations of free fluoxetine/norfluoxetine in tissues (two hour post-final dose) were: 111.2/67.6 ng g-1 in liver, 29.6/5.7 ng g-1 in kidney, 14.2/4.0 ng g-1 in lung, 15.1/1.6 ng g-1 in brain. We estimated that fluoxetine would remain detectable in liver and kidney approximately 4.5 times longer (90 h) than in brain (20h). In dosed birds, fluoxetine was detected in feathers regrown during the dosing period (median concentration = 11.4 ng g-1) at concentrations significantly higher than in regrown feathers from control birds. Fluoxetine residues were detected in wild-grown feathers (grown before the birds were brought into captivity) at concentrations up to 27.0 ng g-1, providing some evidence of likely exposure in the wild. Our results show liver and kidney can be used for detecting fluoxetine in avian carcasses and provide a first indication that feathers may be useful for assessing exposure to fluoxetine, and possibly other pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Whitlock
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK
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Pereira MG, Lawlor A, Bertolero A, Díez S, Shore RF, Lacorte S. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Mercury in Gulls Eggs from the Iberian Peninsula. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 76:394-404. [PMID: 30564852 PMCID: PMC6422990 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined how coastal mercury contamination varied spatially and temporally across the Iberian Peninsula by measuring mercury concentrations in the eggs of the sentinel biomonitor yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). Samples were collected from eight colonies that ranged from the Atlantic across the south and northern areas of the Mediterranean. We also measured Hg residues in eggs of the one of the most endangered gull species in the world, the Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii) from the Ebro Delta, where colonies of yellow-legged and Audouin's gull co-occur. Fresh eggs were collected in 2009 and 2016 and samples were pooled from each colony for analysis. Mercury concentrations in yellow-legged gulls ranged between 0.4 and 2.8 mg/kg dry weight (dw); although there were no significant differences in concentrations between sampling periods, significant differences were found between colonies. Higher concentrations were associated with northern Mediterranean colonies (Columbretes and Ebro Delta), likely due to proximity to emission sources, circulatory marine currents and diet composition. Mercury concentrations in yellow-legged gull eggs were lower than those reported to result in impaired hatching. Residues in Audouin's gull eggs from the Ebro Delta were significantly higher (4.0-5.6 mg/kg dw) than those in yellow-legged gull from the same location, probably associated with dietary differences. Mercury levels in Audouin's gull were ten times above the benchmark suggested to reduce nest success by 10%. Overall, these results raise concern for adverse health impacts in this protected seabird species and further investigation in Audouin's gull eggs from the Ebro Delta is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Alan Lawlor
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Albert Bertolero
- Associació Ornitològica Picampall de les Terres de l'Ebre, Amposta, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
Objective: This study examined the contribution of age, type of human papillomavirus (HPV), attachment, sexual satisfaction, and spirituality in dyadic adjustment in women with HPV from diagnosis to one year later. Method: This is a longitudinal study with three assessment moments: (T1) at the diagnosis appointment, (T2) six months after, and (T3) 12 months after the diagnosis. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire as well as several other measures: HPV Knowledge Questionnaire (HPVQ), Papanicolaou Exam Knowledge Questionnaire (PEK-Q), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-Short Form (ECR-S), Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing With Illness (SpREUK), and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). Results: Age showed a positive impact on sexual dissatisfaction at T2. Sexual dissatisfaction at T1 predicted sexual dissatisfaction at T2 and dyadic adjustment at T3. Spirituality and insecure attachment at T1 negatively predicted insecure attachment at T2, and the latter predicted dyadic adjustment at T3. Conclusions: The results corroborate the need to assess the dyad when women are diagnosed with HPV. Only then it will be possible to design differentiated intervention programs that take into consideration women's age, attachment style, and sexual satisfaction. Interventions should also include women's partners to promote dyadic adjustment in this population.
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Whitlock SE, Pereira MG, Shore RF, Lane J, Arnold KE. Environmentally relevant exposure to an antidepressant alters courtship behaviours in a songbird. Chemosphere 2018; 211:17-24. [PMID: 30071429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in the environment are a recently identified global threat to wildlife, including birds. Like other human pharmaceuticals, the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) enters the environment via sewage and has been detected at wastewater treatment plants. Birds foraging on invertebrates at these sites can be exposed to pharmaceuticals, although the implications of exposure are poorly understood. We conducted experiments to test whether chronic exposure to a maximally environmentally relevant concentration of fluoxetine (2.7 μg day-1) altered courtship behaviour and female reproductive physiology in wild-caught starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), a species commonly found foraging on invertebrates at wastewater treatment plants. When paired with a female over two days, males sang less and were more aggressive towards fluoxetine-treated females than controls. Fluoxetine-treated females were initially aggressive towards males, becoming significantly less aggressive by the second day. In contrast, control females expressed intermediate levels of aggression throughout. We found no effect of female treatment on female courtship behaviour. Female body condition, circulating testosterone and circulating oestradiol were unaffected by treatment and did not account for male preference. Our findings suggest that exposure to an antidepressant reduced female attractiveness, adding to growing evidence that environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals can alter important traits related to individual fitness and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Whitlock
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
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Morais CM, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Martin FL. Assessing Binary Mixture Effects from Genotoxic and Endocrine Disrupting Environmental Contaminants Using Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2018; 3:13399-13412. [PMID: 30411037 PMCID: PMC6217637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent contaminants and concern has arisen over co-exposure of organisms when the chemicals exist in mixtures. Herein, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify biochemical alterations induced in cells by single and binary mixtures of these environmental chemicals. It was also investigated as a method to identify if interactions are occurring in mixtures and as a possible tool to predict mixture effects. Mallard fibroblasts were treated with single and binary mixtures of B[a]P, PCB126, PCB153, BDE47, and BDE209. Comparison of observed spectra from cells treated with binary mixtures with expected additive spectra, which were created from individual exposure spectra, indicated that in many areas of the spectrum, less-than-additive binary mixture effects may occur. However, possible greater-than-additive alterations were identified in the 1650-1750 cm-1 lipid region and may demonstrate a common mechanism of B[a]P and PCBs or PBDEs, which can enhance toxicity in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo
L. M. Morais
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston PR1 2HE, U.K.
| | - Richard F. Shore
- Centre
of Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment
Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K.
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre
of Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment
Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K.
| | - Francis L. Martin
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston PR1 2HE, U.K.
- E-mail:
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Parente J, Pereira MG, Amraoui M, Tedim F. Negligent and intentional fires in Portugal: Spatial distribution characterization. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:424-437. [PMID: 29268215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the European context, Portugal is the country with the highest number of wildfires and the second with more burnt area. The vast majority of these events are of human origin, whether caused by accident, negligence or arson, reason why it is particularly important to know the regime of these wildfires for forest and wildfire management activities. The study focuses on the most recent years of 2001-2014, when wildfire ignition's coordinates are known, and aims to identify and characterize the wildfire incidence spatial patterns of variability as well as their main drivers. After grouping wildfires with human cause into negligent and intentional, we studied their spatial distribution in terms of normalized number of wildfires (NNF) and burnt area (NBA) in the five Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics II regions of mainland Portugal. Results disclose an uneven spatial distribution of the fire incidence, characterized by a south-north gradient, much higher values in Norte region and more evident for intentional than for negligent wildfires. Human and biophysical drivers strongly influence NNF and NBA, at regional and national scales. Distribution patterns at regional scale, for negligent and intentional wildfires are quite different from entire mainland and all wildfires. Drivers' influence is higher for intentional than for negligent wildfires, for southern than for northern regions and for NBA than for NNF. The leading drivers of NNF are distance to roads (d) population density (pd) and altitude (h) while of NBA are h, d, slope and pd, and this influence is higher for intentional than for negligent wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parente
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - M G Pereira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - M Amraoui
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - F Tedim
- Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning, CEGOT, Geography Department, Faculty of Arts, University of Porto, Portugal; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
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Campanati-Palhares L, Simoncini TC, da Silva Augusto PG, Masi Galhardo FD, Pereira MG, Vian BS, Mazzali M. Effects of a Physiotherapeutic Protocol in Respiratory Function, Aerobic Capacity and Quality of Life After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:750-753. [PMID: 29661429 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease can lead to dysfunction of the respiratory, cardiac, and musculoskeletal systems, altering the body's metabolism. Renal transplantation and hospital physiotherapy, through specific protocols, can improve these dysfunctions. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the impact of a hospital physiotherapeutic protocol in quality of life (QoL), respiratory muscle strength, peak expiratory flow, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in the preoperative, first, and fifth days after renal transplantation. METHODS We evaluated 39 patients who received a renal transplant at Clinics Hospital of University of Campinas for respiratory muscle strength, expiratory peak flow, and functional capacity by the 6MWT. The short form-36 quality of life questionnaire was applied to 12 patients. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in respiratory muscle strength and peak expiratory flow in the first postoperative day. On postoperative day 5, there was improvement in respiratory muscle strength and expiratory peak flow. However, aerobic capacity measured by 6MWT remained below predicted. Analysis of QoL showed an improvement in almost all analyzed domains after transplantation. CONCLUSION A specific physiotherapeutic protocol applied early after transplantation provided recovery of respiratory muscle strength and QoL. However, longer training is necessary to obtain adequate aerobic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanati-Palhares
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T C Simoncini
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P G da Silva Augusto
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F D Masi Galhardo
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G Pereira
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B S Vian
- Physiotherapy Division, Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Mazzali
- Renal Transplant Unit, Laboratory of Transplant Investigation (LINT), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Silva R, Pizato N, da Mata F, Figueiredo A, Ito M, Pereira MG. Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:655-663. [PMID: 29806854 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is increasing and this process together with its characteristics influence the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions and musculoskeletal-functional outcomes such as frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia. Nutritional strategies focused on dietary patterns, such as a Mediterranean diet, can be protective from these outcomes. PURPOSE To investigate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people. METHODS We systematically reviewed electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others) and grey literature for articles investigating the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 60 and over. Study selection, quality of study assessment and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. Random effects meta-analyses were performed, and pooled Odds Ratios (OR) were obtained. RESULTS After the literature search, screening and eligibility investigation, we included 12studies, with a total of 20,518 subjects. A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was found to be inversely associated with frailty (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65, I2=24.9%, p=0.262) and functional disability (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.93, I2=0.0%, p=0.78). Highly different study characteristics prevented us from performing a meta-analysis for sarcopenia. Cohort data indicated no association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia; however, cross-sectional results showed a positive relationship. CONCLUSION A Mediterranean diet is protective of frailty and functional disability, but not of sarcopenia. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Silva
- Roberta Silva, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil, ;
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Vittorazzi C, Amaral Junior AT, Guimarães AG, Viana AP, Silva FHL, Pena GF, Daher RF, Gerhardt IFS, Oliveira GHF, Pereira MG. Indices estimated using REML/BLUP and introduction of a super-trait for the selection of progenies in popcorn. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-03-gmr.16039769. [PMID: 28973748 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Selection indices commonly utilize economic weights, which become arbitrary genetic gains. In popcorn, this is even more evident due to the negative correlation between the main characteristics of economic importance - grain yield and popping expansion. As an option in the use of classical biometrics as a selection index, the optimal procedure restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased predictor (REML/BLUP) allows the simultaneous estimation of genetic parameters and the prediction of genotypic values. Based on the mixed model methodology, the objective of this study was to investigate the comparative efficiency of eight selection indices estimated by REML/BLUP for the effective selection of superior popcorn families in the eighth intrapopulation recurrent selection cycle. We also investigated the efficiency of the inclusion of the variable "expanded popcorn volume per hectare" in the most advantageous selection of superior progenies. In total, 200 full-sib families were evaluated in two different areas in the North and Northwest regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The REML/BLUP procedure resulted in higher estimated gains than those obtained with classical biometric selection index methodologies and should be incorporated into the selection of progenies. The following indices resulted in higher gains in the characteristics of greatest economic importance: the classical selection index/values attributed by trial, via REML/BLUP, and the greatest genotypic values/expanded popcorn volume per hectare, via REML. The expanded popcorn volume per hectare characteristic enabled satisfactory gains in grain yield and popping expansion; this characteristic should be considered super-trait in popcorn breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vittorazzi
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - A T Amaral Junior
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - A G Guimarães
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - A P Viana
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - F H L Silva
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - G F Pena
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - R F Daher
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - I F S Gerhardt
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - G H F Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia Agropecuária, , , Brasil
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Santos PHD, Carvalho BM, Aguiar KP, Aredes FAS, Poltronieri TPS, Vivas JMS, Dias VM, Bezerra GA, Pinho DB, Pereira MG, Silveira SF. Phylogeography and population structure analysis reveals diversity by mutations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae with distinct sources of selection. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029681. [PMID: 28437560 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution, with low host specificity, causing stem cankers, dieback diseases, and fruit rot in several species of plants. In coconut, this pathogen is reported as the etiological agent of "coconut leaf blight" (CLB) disease, causing several losses in fruit production. The CLB is an important disease for this crop in Brazil. In our study, we used a phylogeographic approach through the molecular characterization of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) to elucidate the pathogen distribution in Brazil and other countries, besides, search information about diversity sources of this pathogen in coconut palm tree at Brazilian northern, northeast, and southeast. We found that L. theobromae diversity is within populations (locations), and populations that are located closest to the center of the tropical zone have more variability as Central Africa, Brazilian Southeast, and Northeast. The widespread distribution could be in part related with long-distance dispersal via global trade of plants and plant products. The entrance route of L. theobromae in Brazil probably occurred from Africa route and not occurred once. In Brazil, the diversity of this pathogen in coconut tree could be linked to two agents of selection: high host diversity (in Northeast) and distinct management measures adopted in Southeast. These different sources of selection, mainly the mutations, could be one of the reasons that we found distinct reactions to "coconut leaf blight" chemical control in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H D Santos
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - B M Carvalho
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - K P Aguiar
- Laboratório de Solos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - F A S Aredes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - T P S Poltronieri
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - J M S Vivas
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - V Mussi Dias
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - G A Bezerra
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - D B Pinho
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
| | - S F Silveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, , , Brasil
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da Costa AF, Teodoro PE, Bhering LL, Tardin FD, Daher RF, Campos WF, Viana AP, Pereira MG. Molecular analysis of genetic diversity among vine accessions using DNA markers. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029586. [PMID: 28407189 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Viticulture presents a number of economic and social advantages, such as increasing employment levels and fixing the labor force in rural areas. With the aim of initiating a program of genetic improvement in grapevine from the State University of the state of Rio de Janeiro North Darcy Ribeiro, genetic diversity between 40 genotypes (varieties, rootstock, and species of different subgenera) was evaluated using Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. We built a matrix of binary data, whereby the presence of a band was assigned as "1" and the absence of a band was assigned as "0." The genetic distance was calculated between pairs of genotypes based on the arithmetic complement from the Jaccard Index. The results revealed the presence of considerable variability in the collection. Analysis of the genetic dissimilarity matrix revealed that the most dissimilar genotypes were Rupestris du Lot and Vitis rotundifolia because they were the most genetically distant (0.5972). The most similar were genotypes 31 (unidentified) and Rupestris du lot, which showed zero distance, confirming the results of field observations. A duplicate was confirmed, consistent with field observations, and a short distance was found between the variety 'Italy' and its mutation, 'Ruby'. The grouping methods used were somewhat concordant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F da Costa
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Centro Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural, Centro Serrano, Domingos Martins, ES, Brasil
| | - P E Teodoro
- Laboratório de Biometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L L Bhering
- Laboratório de Biometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - F D Tardin
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Cultivares, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - R F Daher
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, , , Brasil
| | - W F Campos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, , , Brasil
| | - A P Viana
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, , , Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, , , Brasil
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Poltronieri TPS, Silveira SF, Vivas M, Santa Catarina R, Cortes DFM, Azevedo AON, Pereira MG. Selecting black-spot resistant papaya genotypes derived from backcrossing and hybrids. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16019401. [PMID: 28252169 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Papaya crop is important to Brazilian agribusiness. However, the expansion of papaya cultivation in the country is affected by the absence of commercial cultivars presenting good disease resistance. The black-spot caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae is the most damaging foliar disease affecting Brazilian papaya crops. The use of genetically resistant cultivars is a promising strategy to reduce the dependence of papaya crops on fungicides. A field split-plot experiment was carried out in the municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo State, and included 20 hybrids derived from the cross between 14 superior lines and four elite genotypes ('SS72/12', 'SEKATI', 'JS/12' and '41/7'), two commercial cultivars ('Golden' and 'Tainung 01'), and the superior line '36/7', which were evaluated for resistance to black-spot in the fruits and leaves. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with six repetitions of three plants per plot. The incidence and severity of black spot in the fruits and leaves were evaluated at three different times in the 2015-2016 crop season. Lines 4, 9, 21, and the parent SEKATI were notable for their capacity to reduce disease severity in the leaves and fruits. Lines 1, 2, 9, 16, and 19, and the parents 'SEKATI' and 'SS-72/12' had reduced disease incidence in their fruits. The most resistant hybrids 'SS-72/12 X 4', 'SS-72/12 X 6', 'SEKATI X 1', 'SEKATI X 2', 'SEKATI X 6', 'SEKATI X 9', and 'SEKATI X 20' presented negative heterosis values for improved black-spot resistance. The current study allowed the selection of black-spot resistant genotypes and hybrids, which presented a significantly reduced disease index in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P S Poltronieri
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - S F Silveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - M Vivas
- Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - R Santa Catarina
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - D F M Cortes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - A O N Azevedo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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Volchan E, Rocha-Rego V, Bastos AF, Oliveira JM, Franklin C, Gleiser S, Berger W, Souza GGL, Oliveira L, David IA, Erthal FS, Pereira MG, Figueira I. Immobility reactions under threat: A contribution to human defensive cascade and PTSD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:29-38. [PMID: 28131873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Violence exacts a burden on public health. Gun violence is a major trigger for motor defensive reactions in humans and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is its main psychiatric sequela. However, studies of the human defensive cascade, especially the motor reactions, are at an early stage. This review focuses on studies that employ stabilometry, a methodology that assesses whole body motor reactions, to address defensive behaviors to violence-related threats. Special attention is given to three reactions: "attentive immobility", "immobility under attack" and "tonic immobility", with emphasis on the latter - a peritraumatic reaction which has been strongly associated with the severity of PTSD. These reactions are characterized by reduced body sway and bradycardia, except tonic immobility that presents robust tachycardia. The advances made by investigations into the immobility reactions of the human defensive cascade contribute to helping to bridge the gap between human and non-human species. Furthermore, progresses in basic research to objectively monitor motor defensive reactions under threat can help to develop a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Volchan
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - V Rocha-Rego
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A F Bastos
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J M Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Franklin
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Gleiser
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W Berger
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G G L Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - L Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - I A David
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - F S Erthal
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M G Pereira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - I Figueira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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do Amaral Júnior AT, Dos Santos A, Gerhardt IFS, Kurosawa RNF, Moreira NF, Pereira MG, de A Gravina G, de L Silva FH. Proposal of a super trait for the optimum selection of popcorn progenies based on path analysis. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-04-gmr.15049309. [PMID: 28002606 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15049309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A challenge faced by popcorn breeding programs is the existence of a negative correlation between the two main traits, popping expansion and yield, which hinders simultaneous gains. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of a new variable or super trait, which favors the reliable selection of superior progenies. The super trait 'expanded popcorn volume per hectare' was introduced in the evaluation of 200 full-sib families of the eighth recurrent intrapopulation selection cycle, which were arranged in randomized blocks with three replicates in two environments. Although the inability to obtain simultaneous gains through selection via popping expansion or yield was confirmed, the super trait was positively associated with both yield and popping expansion, allowing simultaneous gains via indirect selection using 'expanded popcorn volume per hectare' as the main trait. This approach is recommended because this super trait can be used in breeding programs to optimize selective gains for the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T do Amaral Júnior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - I F S Gerhardt
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - R N F Kurosawa
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - N F Moreira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - G de A Gravina
- Laboratório de Engenharia Agrícola do Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agropecuária da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - F H de L Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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Emmett BA, Cooper D, Smart S, Jackson B, Thomas A, Cosby B, Evans C, Glanville H, McDonald JE, Malham SK, Marshall M, Jarvis S, Rajko-Nenow P, Webb GP, Ward S, Rowe E, Jones L, Vanbergen AJ, Keith A, Carter H, Pereira MG, Hughes S, Lebron I, Wade A, Jones DL. Spatial patterns and environmental constraints on ecosystem services at a catchment scale. Sci Total Environ 2016; 572:1586-1600. [PMID: 27156120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding and prediction of the fundamental environmental controls on ecosystem service supply across the landscape will help to inform decisions made by policy makers and land-water managers. To evaluate this issue for a local catchment case study, we explored metrics and spatial patterns of service supply for water quality regulation, agriculture production, carbon storage, and biodiversity for the Macronutrient Conwy catchment. Methods included using ecosystem models such as LUCI and JULES, integration of national scale field survey datasets, earth observation products and plant trait databases, to produce finely resolved maps of species richness and primary production. Analyses were done with both 1×1km gridded and subcatchment data. A common single gradient characterised catchment scale ecosystem services supply with agricultural production and carbon storage at opposing ends of the gradient as reported for a national-scale assessment. Species diversity was positively related to production due to the below national average productivity levels in the Conwy combined with the unimodal relationship between biodiversity and productivity at the national scale. In contrast to the national scale assessment, a strong reduction in water quality as production increased was observed in these low productive systems. Various soil variables were tested for their predictive power of ecosystem service supply. Soil carbon, nitrogen, their ratio and soil pH all had double the power of rainfall and altitude, each explaining around 45% of variation but soil pH is proposed as a potential metric for ecosystem service supply potential as it is a simple and practical metric which can be carried out in the field with crowd-sourcing technologies now available. The study emphasises the importance of considering multiple ecosystem services together due to the complexity of covariation at local and national scales, and the benefits of exploiting a wide range of metrics for each service to enhance data robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Emmett
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - David Cooper
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Simon Smart
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Bethanna Jackson
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy Thomas
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Bernard Cosby
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Chris Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Helen Glanville
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Miles Marshall
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Susan Jarvis
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Paulina Rajko-Nenow
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Gearoid P Webb
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sue Ward
- Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ed Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Aidan Keith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Steve Hughes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Inma Lebron
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Andrew Wade
- Dept of Geography, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO, BOX 227 Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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44
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Freitas Neto M, Pereira TNS, Geronimo IGC, Azevedo AON, Ramos SRR, Pereira MG. Coconut genome size determined by flow cytometry: Tall versus Dwarf types. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7470. [PMID: 26909966 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) are tropical palm trees that are classified into Tall and Dwarf types based on height, and both types are diploid (2n = 2x = 32 chromosomes). The reproduction mode is autogamous for Dwarf types and allogamous for Tall types. One hypothesis for the origin of the Dwarf coconut suggests that it is a Tall variant that resulted from either mutation or inbreeding, and differences in genome size between the two types would support this hypothesis. In this study, we estimated the genome sizes of 14 coconut accessions (eight Tall and six Dwarf types) using flow cytometry. Nuclei were extracted from leaf discs and stained with propidium iodide, and Pisum sativum (2C = 9.07 pg DNA) was used as an internal standard. Histograms with good resolution and low coefficients of variation (2.5 to 3.2%) were obtained. The 2C DNA content ranged from 5.72 to 5.48 pg for Tall accessions and from 5.58 to 5.52 pg for Dwarf accessions. The mean genome sizes for Tall and Dwarf specimens were 5.59 and 5.55 pg, respectively. Among all accessions, Rennel Island Tall had the highest mean DNA content (5.72 pg), whereas West African Tall had the lowest (5.48 pg). The mean coconut genome size (2C = 5.57 pg, corresponding to 2723.73 Mbp/haploid set) was classified as small. Only small differences in genome size existed among the coconut accessions, suggesting that the Dwarf type did not evolve from the Tall type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Freitas Neto
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - T N S Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - I G C Geronimo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - A O N Azevedo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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45
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Abstract
Determining interactions of multi-component environmental mixtures towards accurate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Heys
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Richard F. Shore
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Kevin C. Jones
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Francis L. Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
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Pacheco FAL, Santos RMB, Sanches Fernandes LF, Pereira MG, Cortes RMV. Controls and forecasts of nitrate yields in forested watersheds: A view over mainland Portugal. Sci Total Environ 2015; 537:421-440. [PMID: 26284895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study on nitrate yields was conducted in forested watersheds of mainland Portugal. The prime goal was to rank parameters in descending order of their contribution to the export of nitrate towards streams and lakes. To attain the goal, variables like soil loss, rainfall intensity, topography, soil type, forest composition and environmental disturbances such as hardwood harvesting or wildfires were organized in a conceptual yield model. Because some parameters were potentially collinear, a robust multivariate statistical technique was selected to execute the conceptual model and perform the aforementioned ranking, namely Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. This technique was tested with a sample of 60 forested watersheds (>70% of forest occupation), being subject to a double-validation process to ensure prediction capability. According to final regression coefficients, soil erosion seems to regulate nitrate distribution across the basins, because soil loss and type, rainfall intensity and topography explained around 60% of nitrate yield variance. The major importance of erosion is followed by a moderate role of biochemical processes such as nitrification or nutrient uptake, which accounted for approximately 15% of nitrate yield variance. In this case, deciduous forests and scrubland seem to behave as net sinks of nitrate while coniferous and mixed forests seem to act dually, as net sources or sinks. The least important parameters are the environmental disturbances, explaining no more than 5% of nitrate yield variance. The results of PLS regression were coupled in a scenario analysis with measures designed to protect soil from erosion and surface water from eutrophication. These interventions are to be implemented until 2045, according to regional plans of forest management. Considering the key role of erosion in explaining nitrate dynamics across the catchments, it was not surprising to verify that soil protection measures may reduce nitrate yields by some 35% of their current values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A L Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Centre, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Geology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - R M B Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L F Sanches Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Engineering, UTAD, Portugal
| | - M G Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Dom Luiz Institute, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Physics, UTAD, Portugal
| | - R M V Cortes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture, UTAD, Portugal
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47
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Santos RMB, Sanches Fernandes LF, Pereira MG, Cortes RMV, Pacheco FAL. Water resources planning for a river basin with recurrent wildfires. Sci Total Environ 2015; 526:1-13. [PMID: 25918888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Situated in the north of Portugal, the Beça River basin is subject to recurrent wildfires, which produce serious consequences on soil erosion and nutrient exports, namely by deteriorating the water quality in the basin. In the present study, the ECO Lab tool embedded in the Mike Hydro Basin software was used for the evaluation of river water quality, in particular the dissolved concentration of phosphorus in the period 1990-2013. The phosphorus concentrations are influenced by the burned area and the river flow discharge, but the hydrologic conditions prevail: in a wet year (2000, 16.3 km(2) of burned area) with an average flow of 16.4 m(3)·s(-1) the maximum phosphorus concentration was as low as 0.02 mg·L(-1), while in a dry year (2005, 24.4 km(2) of burned area) with an average flow of 2 m(3)·s(-1) the maximum concentration was as high as 0.57 mg·L(-1). Phosphorus concentrations in the water bodies exceeded the bounds of good ecological status in 2005 and between 2009 and 2012, water for human consumption in 2009 and water for multiple uses in 2010. The River Covas, a right margin tributary of Beça River, is the most appropriate stream as regards the use of water for human consumption, because it presents the biggest water potential with the best water quality. Since wildfires in the basin result essentially from natural causes and climate change forecasts indicate an increase in their frequency and intensity in the near future, forestry measures are proposed to include as a priority the conversion of stands of maritime pine in mixed stands of conifer and hardwood species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M B Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L F Sanches Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M G Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Dom Luiz Institute, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Physics, UTAD, Portugal
| | - R M V Cortes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture, UTAD, Portugal
| | - F A L Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Centre, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Geology, UTAD, Portugal.
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48
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Galvão KSC, Ramos HCC, Santos PHAD, Entringer GC, Vettorazzi JCF, Pereira MG. Functional molecular markers (EST-SSR) in the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection program of maize (Zea mays L.). Genet Mol Res 2015. [PMID: 26214413 DOI: 10.4238/2015.july.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve grain yield in the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection program of maize from the North Fluminense State University. In the current phase of the program, the goal is to maintain, or even increase, the genetic variability within and among populations, in order to increase heterosis of the 13th cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection. Microsatellite expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs) were used as a tool to assist the maximization step of genetic variability, targeting the functional genome. Eighty S1 progenies of the 13th recur-rent selection cycle, 40 from each population (CIMMYT and Piranão), were analyzed using 20 EST-SSR loci. Genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity, information content of polymorphism, and inbreeding co-efficient were estimated. Subsequently, analysis of genetic dissimilarity, molecular variance, and a graphical dispersion of genotypes were conducted. The number of alleles in the CIMMYT population ranged from 1 to 6, while in the Piranão population the range was from 2 to 8, with a mean of 3.65 and 4.35, respectively. As evidenced by the number of alleles, the Shannon index showed greater diversity for the Piranão population (1.04) in relation to the CIMMYT population (0.89). The genic SSR markers were effective in clustering genotypes into their respective populations before selection and an increase in the variation between populations after selection was observed. The results indicate that the study populations have expressive genetic diversity, which cor-responds to the functional genome, indicating that this strategy may contribute to genetic gain, especially in association with the grain yield of future hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S C Galvão
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - H C C Ramos
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - P H A D Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - G C Entringer
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - J C F Vettorazzi
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminence, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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49
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Santos RMB, Sanches Fernandes LF, Varandas SGP, Pereira MG, Sousa R, Teixeira A, Lopes-Lima M, Cortes RMV, Pacheco FAL. Impacts of climate change and land-use scenarios on Margaritifera margaritifera, an environmental indicator and endangered species. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:477-488. [PMID: 25574975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assess the impacts of future climate and land-use in the Beça River (northern Portugal) under different scenarios and how this will translate into the conservation status of the endangered pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758). This species is currently present in several stretches of the Beça River that still hold adequate ecological conditions. However, the species is threatened by projected declines in precipitation for the 21st century, with implication on the river flows and water depths that might decrease below the species requisites. This situation could be especially critical during summer conditions since the ecological flows may not be assured and several river stretches may be converted into stagnant isolated pools. The habitat connectivity will also be affected with reverberating effects on the mobility of Salmo trutta, the host of M. margaritifera, with consequences in the reproduction and recruitment of pearl mussels. In addition, human-related threats mostly associated with the presence of dams and an predicted increases in wildfires in the future. While the presence of dams may decrease even further the connectivity and river flow, with wildfires the major threat will be related to the wash out of burned areas during storms, eventually causing the disappearance of the mussels, especially the juveniles. In view of future climate and land-use change scenarios, conservation strategies are proposed, including the negotiation of ecological flows with the dam promoters, the replanting of riparian vegetation along the water course and the reintroduction of native tree species throughout the catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M B Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L F Sanches Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - S G P Varandas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M G Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Dom Luiz Institute, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Teixeira
- Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Ap. 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M Lopes-Lima
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - R M V Cortes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F A L Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Ap. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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50
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Strong RJ, Pereira MG, Shore RF, Henrys PA, Pottinger TG. Feather corticosterone content in predatory birds in relation to body condition and hepatic metal concentration. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:47-55. [PMID: 25776461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of measuring corticosterone in feathers from cryo-archived raptor specimens, in order to provide a retrospective assessment of the activity of the stress axis in relation to contaminant burden. Feather samples were taken from sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, kestrel Falco tinnunculus, buzzard Buteo buteo, barn owl Tyto alba, and tawny owl Strix aluco and the variation in feather CORT concentrations with respect to species, age, sex, feather position, and body condition was assessed. In sparrowhawks only, variation in feather CORT content was compared with hepatic metal concentrations. For individuals, CORT concentration (pgmm(-1)) in adjacent primary flight feathers (P5 and P6), and left and right wing primaries (P5), was statistically indistinguishable. The lowest concentrations of CORT were found in sparrowhawk feathers and CORT concentrations did not vary systematically with age or sex for any species. Significant relationships between feather CORT content and condition were observed in only tawny owl and kestrel. In sparrowhawks, feather CORT concentration was found to be positively related to the hepatic concentrations of five metals (Cd, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo) and the metalloid As. There was also a negative relationship between measures of condition and total hepatic metal concentration in males. The results suggest that some factors affecting CORT uptake by feathers remain to be resolved but feather CORT content from archived specimens has the potential to provide a simple effects biomarker for exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Strong
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom; University of Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Henrys
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Tom G Pottinger
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom.
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