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Kamalian A, Masoudi M, Foroughmand I, Moghekar A. Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2025; 36:207-231. [PMID: 40054974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2024.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2025]
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a treatable condition marked by gait disturbances, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Biomarkers play a crucial role in distinguishing iNPH from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predicting shunt surgery outcomes. Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, t-tau, and p-tau181 differentiate iNPH from AD, with iNPH showing a higher Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio and normal tau levels. Neurofilament light chain and soluble amyloid precursor protein derivatives provide prognostic insights with lower preoperative levels linked to better surgical outcomes. Elevated LRG-1 and MCP-1 in cerebrospinal fluid aid in diagnosis and predict favorable responses to shunt surgery, enhancing clinical decision making and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kamalian
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maryam Masoudi
- Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Foroughmand
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Hoshi K, Kanno M, Goto A, Ugawa Y, Furukawa K, Arai H, Miyajima M, Takahashi K, Hattori K, Kan K, Saito T, Yamaguchi Y, Mitsufuji T, Araki N, Hashimoto Y. Brain-Derived Major Glycoproteins Are Possible Biomarkers for Altered Metabolism of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076084. [PMID: 37047057 PMCID: PMC10094273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the homeostasis of the brain. We previously reported that CSF major glycoproteins are biosynthesized in the brain, i.e., lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) and transferrin isoforms carrying unique glycans. Although these glycoproteins are secreted from distinct cell types, their CSF levels have been found to be highly correlated with each other in cases of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to examine these marker levels and their correlations in other neurological diseases, such as depression and schizophrenia, and disorders featuring abnormal CSF metabolism, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Brain-derived marker levels were found to be highly correlated with each other in the CSF of depression and schizophrenia patients. SIH is caused by CSF leakage, which is suspected to induce hypovolemia and a compensatory increase in CSF production. In SIH, the brain-derived markers were 2-3-fold higher than in other diseases, and, regardless of their diverse levels, they were found to be correlated with each other. Another abnormality of the CSF metabolism, iNPH, is possibly caused by the reduced absorption of CSF, which secondarily induces CSF accumulation in the ventricle; the excess CSF compresses the brain's parenchyma to induce dementia. One potential treatment is a "shunt operation" to bypass excess CSF from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity, leading to the attenuation of dementia. After the shunt operation, marker levels began to increase within a week and then further increased by 2-2.5-fold at three, six, and twelve months post-operation, at which point symptoms had gradually attenuated. Notably, the marker levels were found to be correlated with each other in the post-operative period. In conclusion, the brain-derived major glycoprotein markers were highly correlated in the CSF of patients with different neurological diseases, and their correlations were maintained even after surgical intervention. These results suggest that brain-derived proteins could be biomarkers of CSF production.
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Grants
- 16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004 the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- 16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004 the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Hoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kanno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aya Goto
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo City 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanno Hospital, Minato City 107-0052, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira 187-8502, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama 963-8052, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Mitsufuji
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Koshigaya 350-0495, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Koshigaya 350-0495, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
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Langheinrich T, Chen C, Thomas O. Update on the Cognitive Presentations of iNPH for Clinicians. Front Neurol 2022; 13:894617. [PMID: 35937049 PMCID: PMC9350547 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.894617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review focuses on cognitive impairment in iNPH. This symptom is one of the characteristic triad of symptoms in a condition long considered to be the only treatable dementia. We present an update on recent developments in clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and biomarker aspects. Significant advances in our understanding have been made, notably regarding biomarkers, but iNPH remains a difficult diagnosis. Stronger evidence for permanent surgical treatment is emerging but selection for treatment remains challenging, particularly with regards to cognitive presentations. Encouragingly, there has been increasing interest in iNPH, but more research is required to better define the underlying pathology and delineate it from overlapping conditions, in order to inform best practise for the clinician managing the cognitively impaired patient. In the meantime, we strongly encourage a multidisciplinary approach and a structured service pathway to maximise patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langheinrich
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tobias Langheinrich
| | - Cliff Chen
- Department of Neuropsychology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Thomas
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroradiology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
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de Mélo Silva Júnior ML, Diniz PRB, de Souza Vilanova MV, Basto GPT, Valença MM. Brain ventricles, CSF and cognition: a narrative review. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:544-552. [PMID: 35488797 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain ventricles are structures that have been related to cognition since antiquity. They are essential components in the development and maintenance of brain functions. The aging process runs with the enlargement of ventricles and is related to a less selective blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and then a more toxic cerebrospinal fluid environment. The study of brain ventricles as a biological marker of aging is promissing because they are structures easily identified in neuroimaging studies, present good inter-rater reliability, and measures of them can identify brain atrophy earlier than cortical structures. The ventricular system also plays roles in the development of dementia, since dysfunction in the clearance of beta-amyloid protein is a key mechanism in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The morphometric and volumetric studies of the brain ventricles can help to distinguish between healthy elderly and persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Brain ventricle data may contribute to the appropriate allocation of individuals in groups at higher risk for MCI-dementia progression in clinical trials and to measuring therapeutic responses in these studies, as well as providing differential diagnosis, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. Here, we reviewed the pathophysiology of healthy aging and cognitive decline, focusing on the role of the choroid plexus and brain ventricles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior
- Medical School, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Medical School, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, Brazil.,Neurology Unit, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Brazil
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Abe E, Fuwa TJ, Hoshi K, Saito T, Murakami T, Miyajima M, Ogawa N, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hashimoto Y, Honda T. Expression of Transferrin Protein and Messenger RNA in Neural Cells from Mouse and Human Brain Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070594. [PMID: 35888718 PMCID: PMC9318763 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient in the body. However, iron generates oxidative stress and hence needs to be bound to carrier proteins such as the glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) in body fluids. We previously reported that cerebrospinal fluid contains Tf glycan-isoforms that are derived from the brain, but their origins at the cellular level in the brain have not yet been elucidated. In the present report, we described the localization of Tf protein and mRNA in mouse and human brain tissue. In situ hybridization of mouse brain tissue revealed that Tf mRNA is expressed by different cell types such as epithelial cells in the choroid plexus, oligodendrocyte-like cells in the medulla, and neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia. In contrast, Tf protein was barely detected by immunohistochemistry in hippocampal and some cortical neurons, but it was detected in other types of cells such as oligodendrocyte-like cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells. The results showed that Tf mRNA is expressed by neural cells, while Tf protein is expressed in different brain regions, though at very low levels in hippocampal neurons. Low Tf level in the hippocampus may increases susceptibility to iron-induced oxidative stress, and account for neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (E.A.); (T.J.F.); (K.H.)
| | - Takashi J. Fuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (E.A.); (T.J.F.); (K.H.)
| | - Kyoka Hoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (E.A.); (T.J.F.); (K.H.)
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University, Aichi 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8504, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Norihiro Ogawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; (N.O.); (H.A.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; (N.O.); (H.A.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; (N.O.); (H.A.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
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High Correlation among Brain-Derived Major Protein Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implication for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Protein Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040355. [PMID: 35448543 PMCID: PMC9025753 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in homeostasis of the brain. We previously demonstrated that major CSF proteins such as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) and transferrin (Tf) that are biosynthesized in the brain could be biomarkers of altered CSF production. Here we report that the levels of these brain-derived CSF proteins correlated well with each other across various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, protein levels tended to be increased in the CSF samples of AD patients compared with the other diseases. Patients at memory clinics were classified into three categories, consisting of AD (n = 61), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 42), and cognitively normal (CN) (n = 23), with MMSE scores of 20.4 ± 4.2, 26.9 ± 1.7, and 29.0 ± 1.6, respectively. In each category, CSF protein levels were highly correlated with each other. In CN subjects, increased CSF protein levels correlated well with those of AD markers, including amyloid-β and tau protein, whereas in MCI and AD subjects, correlations declined with AD markers except p-tau. Future follow-up on each clinical subject may provide a clue that the CSF proteins would be AD-related biomarkers.
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7
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Tao R, Xu L, Guo Y, Xu X, Zheng J, Zhu B. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid protein level in HIV-infected cryptococcal meningitis patients. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:286. [PMID: 35351023 PMCID: PMC8962580 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of ventriculoperitoneal shunt on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical profiles in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (HCM) patients remains unclear. Methods Twenty-nine HCM patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (the VPS group) and 57 HCM patients who did not undergo ventriculoperitoneal shunt (the non-VPS group) were enrolled in this propensity score matching analysis. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, CSF biochemical profiles, and adverse events were compared between the two groups. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for increased CSF protein levels. Results After 24 weeks of treatment, the intracranial pressure was significantly lower in the VPS group than in the non-VPS group (mmH2O; 155.0 [120.0–190.0] vs. 200.0 [142.5–290.0]; P = 0.025), and the rate of neuroimaging improvement was significantly higher in the VPS group (16/17 [94.1%] vs. 2/10 [20%]; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the 24-week cumulative survival rates were also significantly higher in the VPS group (96.6% vs. 83.5%, P = 0.025). Notably, the CSF protein levels were higher in the VPS group than in the non-VPS group at each examination time, and the CSF glucose was lower in the VPS group than in the non-VPS group even at the 12-week follow-up. In the multivariate analysis, we found that VPS placement was an independent risk factor for increased CSF protein (odds ratio [OR]: 27.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.2–348.7; P = 0.010). Conclusions VPS decreased the intracranial pressure, improved neuroimaging radiology and reduced the 24-week mortality in HCM patients. However, VPS significantly altered the CSF profiles, which could lead to misdiagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and some of them were diagnosed with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Physicians should be aware of these changes in the CSF profiles of patients with HCM undergoing VPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiesheng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Transferrin Biosynthesized in the Brain Is a Novel Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090616. [PMID: 34564432 PMCID: PMC8470343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a cell type-specific post-translational modification that can be used for biomarker identification in various diseases. Aim of this study is to explore glycan-biomarkers on transferrin (Tf) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Glycan structures of CSF Tf were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. We found that a unique mannosylated-glycan is carried by a Tf isoform in CSF (Man-Tf). The cerebral cortex contained Man-Tf as a major isofom, suggesting that CSF Man-Tf is, at least partly, derived from the cortex. Man-Tf levels were analyzed in CSF of patients with neurological diseases. Concentrations of Man-Tf were significantly increased in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comparing with other neurological diseases, and the levels correlated well with those of phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), a representative AD marker. Consistent with the observation, p-tau and Tf were co-expressed in hippocampal neurons of AD, leading to the notion that a combined p-tau and Man-Tf measure could be a biomarker for AD. Indeed, levels of p-tau x Man-Tf showed high diagnostic accuracy for MCI and AD; 84% sensitivities and 90% specificities for MCI and 94% sensitivities and 89% specificities for AD. Thus Man-Tf could be a new biomarker for AD.
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Strahle JM, Mahaney KB, Morales DM, Buddhala C, Shannon CN, Wellons JC, Kulkarni AV, Jensen H, Reeder RW, Holubkov R, Riva-Cambrin JK, Whitehead WE, Rozzelle CJ, Tamber M, Pollack IF, Naftel RP, Kestle JRW, Limbrick DD. Longitudinal CSF Iron Pathway Proteins in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Associations with Ventricle Size and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:217-226. [PMID: 34080727 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain injury and hydrocephalus after preterm germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage, however, it is unknown how external or endogenous intraventricular clearance of iron pathway proteins affect the outcome in this group. METHODS This prospective multicenter cohort included patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) who underwent (1) temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and (2) Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III testing around 2 years of age. CSF proteins in the iron handling pathway were analyzed longitudinally and compared to ventricle size and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria with a median estimated gestational age at birth of 25 weeks; 65% were boys. Ventricular CSF levels of hemoglobin, iron, total bilirubin, and ferritin decreased between temporary and permanent CSF diversion with no change in CSF levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hepcidin. There was an increase in CSF hemopexin during this interval. Larger ventricle size at permanent CSF diversion was associated with elevated CSF ferritin (p = 0.015) and decreased CSF hemopexin (p = 0.007). CSF levels of proteins at temporary CSF diversion were not associated with outcome, however, higher CSF transferrin at permanent CSF diversion was associated with improved cognitive outcome (p = 0.015). Importantly, longitudinal change in CSF iron pathway proteins, ferritin (decrease), and transferrin (increase) were associated with improved cognitive (p = 0.04) and motor (p = 0.03) scores and improved cognitive (p = 0.04), language (p = 0.035), and motor (p = 0.008) scores, respectively. INTERPRETATION Longitudinal changes in CSF transferrin (increase) and ferritin (decrease) are associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal PHH, with implications for understanding the pathogenesis of poor outcomes in PHH. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:217-226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly B Mahaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Diego M Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chandana Buddhala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chevis N Shannon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Wellons
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abhaya V Kulkarni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Jensen
- Data Coordinating Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ron W Reeder
- Data Coordinating Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard Holubkov
- Data Coordinating Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jay K Riva-Cambrin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Curtis J Rozzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mandeep Tamber
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert P Naftel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John R W Kestle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Spence H, McNeil CJ, Waiter GD. The impact of brain iron accumulation on cognition: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240697. [PMID: 33057378 PMCID: PMC7561208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is involved in many processes in the brain including, myelin generation, mitochondrial function, synthesis of ATP and DNA and the cycling of neurotransmitters. Disruption of normal iron homeostasis can result in iron accumulation in the brain, which in turn can partake in interactions which amplify oxidative damage. The development of MRI techniques for quantifying brain iron has allowed for the characterisation of the impact that brain iron has on cognition and neurodegeneration. This review uses a systematic approach to collate and evaluate the current literature which explores the relationship between brain iron and cognition. The following databases were searched in keeping with a predetermined inclusion criterion: Embase Ovid, PubMed and PsychInfo (from inception to 31st March 2020). The included studies were assessed for study characteristics and quality and their results were extracted and summarised. This review identified 41 human studies of varying design, which statistically assessed the relationship between brain iron and cognition. The most consistently reported interactions were in the Caudate nuclei, where increasing iron correlated poorer memory and general cognitive performance in adulthood. There were also consistent reports of a correlation between increased Hippocampal and Thalamic iron and poorer memory performance, as well as, between iron in the Putamen and Globus Pallidus and general cognition. We conclude that there is consistent evidence that brain iron is detrimental to cognitive health, however, more longitudinal studies will be required to fully understand this relationship and to determine whether iron occurs as a primary cause or secondary effect of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Spence
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. McNeil
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang J, Liu M, Shang W, Chen Z, Peng G. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 accompanied with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32050933 PMCID: PMC7017494 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common disease that can cause muscle weakness and atrophy among adults. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. The association between DM1 and NPH is extremely rare. We report a Chinese female patient with DM1 in association with NPH. Case presentation The patient presented with a history of 3-year of walking instability and cognitive impairment. Her brain MRI showed ventriculomegaly with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and the CSF tap-test was positive, which indicated the diagnosis of probable NPH. DM1 was confirmed by genetic testing. Conclusions Four patients with DM1-NPH association were found before. The association between NPH and DM1 may not be just a coincidence, NPH may occur in DM1 later in life and it is vital to recognize the association as a shunt surgery may improve patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenjie Shang
- Department of Neurology, Shengzhou People's Hospital, 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou, 312403, China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Maass F, Michalke B, Willkommen D, Leha A, Schulte C, Tönges L, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Rückamp D, Börger M, Zerr I, Bähr M, Lingor P. Elemental fingerprint: Reassessment of a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104677. [PMID: 31733347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to validate a predictive biomarker machine learning model for the classification of Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched controls (AMC), based on bioelement abundance in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For this multicentric trial, participants were enrolled from four different centers. CSF was collected according to standardized protocols. For bioelement determination, CSF samples were subjected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A predefined Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, trained on a previous discovery cohort was applied for differentiation, based on the levels of six different bioelements. 82 PD patients, 68 age-matched controls and 7 additional Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) patients were included to validate a predefined SVM model. Six differentiating elements (As, Fe, Mg, Ni, Se, Sr) were quantified. Based on their levels, SVM was successfully applied to a new local cohort (AUROC 0.76, Sensitivity 0.80, Specificity 0.83), without taking any additional features into account. The same model did not discriminate PD and AMCs / NPH from three external cohorts, likely due to center effects. However, discrimination was possible in cohorts with a full elemental data set, now using center-specific discovery cohorts and a cross validated approach (AUROC 0.78 and 0.88, respectively). Pooled PD CSF iron levels showed a clear correlation with disease duration (p = .0001). In summary, bioelemental CSF patterns, obtained by mass spectrometry and integrated into a predictive model yield the potential to facilitate the differentiation of PD and AMC. Center-specific biases interfere with application in external cohorts. This must be carefully addressed using center-defined, local reference values and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Maass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Desiree Willkommen
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Claudia Schulte
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Dept. Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Rückamp
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Matthias Börger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany; Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Caslavska J, Schild C, Thormann W. High-resolution capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for distinction of undersialylated and hypoglycosylated transferrin glycoforms in body fluids. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:241-257. [PMID: 31605446 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution capillary zone electrophoresis is used to distinguish transferrin glycoforms present in human serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum treated with neuraminidase and N-glycosidase F. The obtained data are compared to mass spectrometry data from the literature. The main focus is on the analysis of the various asialo-transferrin, monosialo-transferrin, and disialo-transferrin molecules found in these samples. The features of capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are reviewed and highlighted in the context of the analysis of undersialylated and hypoglycosylated transferrin molecules. High-resolution capillary zone electrophoresis represents an effective tool to assess the diversity of transferrin patterns whereas mass spectrometry is the method of choice to elucidate structural identification about the glycoforms. Hypoglycosylated transferrin glycoforms present in sera of alcohol abusers and normal subjects are structurally identical to those in sera of patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I. Asialo-transferrin, monosialo-transferrin and disialo-transferrin observed in sera of patients with a type II congenital disorder of glycosylation or a hemolytic uremic syndrome, in cerebrospinal fluid and after treatment of serum with neuraminidase are undersialylated transferrin glycoforms with two N-glycans of varying structure. Undersialylated disialo-transferrin is also observed in sera with high levels of trisialo-transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof Schild
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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MURAKAMI Y, SAITO K, ITO H, HASHIMOTO Y. Transferrin isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid and their relation to neurological diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:198-210. [PMID: 31080188 PMCID: PMC6742728 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays many important roles in the brain, including involvement in myelination, neurotransmission and electron transfer in the respiratory chain. Transferrin (Tf), an iron transporter, is mainly biosynthesized in the liver, but can also be biosynthesized in the brain; i.e., by oligodendrocytes and the choroid plexus, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) producing tissue. The CSF contains two Tf isoforms, brain-type Tf and serum-type Tf, which differ in their glycan structures. Brain-type Tf is uniquely glycolsylated with biantennary asialo- and agalacto-complex type N-glycans that carry bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and core α1,6-Fuc. The glycans of serum-type Tf in the CSF are similar to those of Tf in serum. Biochemical analyses reveal that the apparent molecular size of brain-type Tf is smaller than that of serum-type Tf, and that hydrophobic patches are exposed on brain-type Tf as demonstrated by hydrophobic probe binding studies. We found that brain-type Tf levels were decreased in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, in which CSF production is suspected to decrease, while brain-type Tf increased in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, in which CSF production is suspected to increase. These results suggest that brain-type Tf could be a biomarker of altered CSF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta MURAKAMI
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi SAITO
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromi ITO
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro HASHIMOTO
- Department of Human Life Science, School of Nursing, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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15
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Liew BS, Takagi K, Kato Y, Duvuru S, Thanapal S, Mangaleswaran B. Current Updates on Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg 2019; 14:648-656. [PMID: 31497081 PMCID: PMC6703007 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_14_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which can be treated surgically with favorable outcome. The gait disturbance, cognitive, and urinary symptoms are known as the clinical triad of iNPH. In this review, we have addressed the comorbidities, differential diagnoses, clinical presentations, and pathology of iNPH. We have also summarized the imaging studies and clinical procedures used for the diagnosis of iNPH. The treatment modality, outcomes, and prognosis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Seng Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shyam Duvuru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Velammal Hospitals, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottuvel Thanapal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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