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Bastin S, Percy DM, Siverio F. Establishing reliable DNA barcoding primers for jumping plant lice (Psylloidea, Hemiptera). BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:322. [PMID: 37941051 PMCID: PMC10634070 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA Barcoding has proven to be a reliable method for rapid insect identification. The success of this method is based on the amplification of a specific region, the 'Folmer' barcode region at the 5´ start of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (cox1), with universal primers. Previous studies showed failures of standard "universal" primers to amplify this region in psyllids. The aim of the study was the design of a new alternative more reliable primer combination for taxa of the superfamily Psylloidea and its comparison with the performance of the standard "universal" Folmer-primers. RESULTS A newly designed degenerate forward primer LCOP-F was developed following comparison of the sequence alignment of the priming site of "universal" primer LCO1490 and the standard insect forward primer LepF1. When combined with the "universal" reverse primer, HCO2198, this new primer pairing was able to generate barcode sequence for all 36 species in 20 genera across the five families of psyllids tested in this study, and these primers were found to be more universally reliable across psyllid taxa than other primer pairs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bastin
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, C/ El Boquerón s/n, 38270, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-AN.2D Apdo. 456., 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diana M Percy
- Botany Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felipe Siverio
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, C/ El Boquerón s/n, 38270, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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2
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Dittmer J, Corretto E, Štarhová Serbina L, Michalik A, Nováková E, Schuler H. Division of labor within psyllids: metagenomics reveals an ancient dual endosymbiosis with metabolic complementarity in the genus Cacopsylla. mSystems 2023; 8:e0057823. [PMID: 37768069 PMCID: PMC10654072 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00578-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heritable beneficial bacterial endosymbionts have been crucial for the evolutionary success of numerous insects by enabling the exploitation of nutritionally limited food sources. Herein, we describe a previously unknown dual endosymbiosis in the psyllid genus Cacopsylla, consisting of the primary endosymbiont "Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" and a co-occurring Enterobacteriaceae bacterium for which we propose the name "Candidatus Psyllophila symbiotica." Its localization within the bacteriome and its small genome size confirm that Psyllophila is a co-primary endosymbiont widespread within the genus Cacopsylla. Despite its highly eroded genome, Psyllophila perfectly complements the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway that is incomplete in the co-occurring Carsonella. Moreover, the genome of Psyllophila is almost as small as Carsonella's, suggesting an ancient dual endosymbiosis that has now reached a precarious stage where any additional gene loss would make the system collapse. Hence, our results shed light on the dynamic interactions of psyllids and their endosymbionts over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- UMR 1345, Université d’Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Erika Corretto
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eva Nováková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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3
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Corretto E, Trenti M, Štarhová Serbina L, Howie JM, Dittmer J, Kerschbamer C, Candian V, Tedeschi R, Janik K, Schuler H. Multiple factors driving the acquisition efficiency of apple proliferation phytoplasma in Cacopsylla melanoneura. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2023; 97:1299-1314. [PMID: 39188925 PMCID: PMC11344730 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-023-01699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are bacterial pathogens located in the plant's phloem that are responsible for several plant diseases and are mainly transmitted by phloem-sucking insects. Apple proliferation (AP) is an economically important disease associated with the presence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' which is transmitted by two psyllid species. While Cacopsylla picta is a vector in different regions, the vector efficiency of C. melanoneura varies between different populations. This species is considered the main AP vector in Northwestern Italy but plays a minor role in Northeastern Italy and other European regions. To investigate whether the psyllid and/or the phytoplasma subtype drive the phytoplasma acquisition in C. melanoneura, a phytoplasma acquisition experiment was set up using single mating couples of overwintered individuals from different psyllid populations and phytoplasma subtypes. All analyzed insect populations acquired phytoplasma, but with different efficiencies and concentrations. The main factors driving the acquisition were the phytoplasma subtype and its concentration in the leaves of the infected trees together with the psyllid lineage. The phytoplasma concentration in the psyllids was again influenced by the phytoplasma subtype, the psyllid lineage and the region of origin, whereas the phytoplasma concentration in the leaves and the psyllid haplotype defined with the cytochrome oxidase I gene had only a minor impact on the phytoplasma concentration. This is the first study evaluating the roles of both the psyllid haplotype and the phytoplasma subtype on the acquisition process and highlights the importance of C. melanoneura as an additional AP vector. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-023-01699-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Corretto
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - James Malcolm Howie
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
- UMR 1345, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Valentina Candian
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
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4
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Štarhová Serbina L, Corretto E, Enciso Garcia JS, Berta M, Giovanelli T, Dittmer J, Schuler H. Seasonal wild dance of dual endosymbionts in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16038. [PMID: 37749181 PMCID: PMC10519999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most sap-feeding insects maintain obligate relationships with endosymbiotic bacteria that provide their hosts with essential nutrients. However, knowledge about the dynamics of endosymbiont titers across seasons in natural host populations is scarce. Here, we used quantitative PCR to investigate the seasonal dynamics of the dual endosymbionts "Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" and "Ca. Psyllophila symbiotica" in a natural population of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae). Psyllid individuals were collected across an entire year, covering both summer and overwintering generations. Immatures harboured the highest titers of both endosymbionts, while the lowest endosymbiont density was observed in males. The density of Carsonella remained high and relatively stable across the vegetative period of the pear trees, but significantly dropped during the non-vegetative period, overlapping with C. pyricola's reproductive diapause. In contrast, the titer of Psyllophila was consistently higher than Carsonella's and exhibited fluctuations throughout the sampling year, which might be related to host age. Despite a tightly integrated metabolic complementarity between Carsonella and Psyllophila, our findings highlight differences in their density dynamics throughout the year, that might be linked to their metabolic roles at different life stages of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Erika Corretto
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Juan Sebastian Enciso Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michela Berta
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tobia Giovanelli
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- UMR 1345, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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5
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Štarhová Serbina L, Gajski D, Pafčo B, Zurek L, Malenovský I, Nováková E, Schuler H, Dittmer J. Microbiome of pear psyllids: A tale about closely related species sharing their endosymbionts. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5788-5808. [PMID: 36054322 PMCID: PMC10086859 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psyllids are phloem-feeding insects that can transmit plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas, intracellular bacteria causing numerous plant diseases worldwide. Their microbiomes are essential for insect physiology and may also influence the capacity of vectors to transmit pathogens. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we compared the microbiomes of three sympatric psyllid species associated with pear trees in Central Europe. All three species are able to transmit 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', albeit with different efficiencies. Our results revealed potential relationships between insect biology and microbiome composition that varied during psyllid ontogeny and between generations in Cacopsylla pyri and C. pyricola, as well as between localities in C. pyri. In contrast, no variations related to psyllid life cycle and geography were detected in C. pyrisuga. In addition to the primary endosymbiont Carsonella ruddii, we detected another highly abundant endosymbiont (unclassified Enterobacteriaceae). C. pyri and C. pyricola shared the same taxon of Enterobacteriaceae which is related to endosymbionts harboured by other psyllid species from various families. In contrast, C. pyrisuga carried a different Enterobacteriaceae taxon related to the genus Sodalis. Our study provides new insights into host-symbiont interactions in psyllids and highlights the importance of host biology and geography in shaping microbiome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Domagoj Gajski
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics/CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Nováková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Université d'Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Angers, France
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6
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Schuler H, Dittmer J, Borruso L, Galli J, Fischnaller S, Anfora G, Rota‐Stabelli O, Weil T, Janik K. Investigating the microbial community of Cacopsylla spp. as potential factor in vector competence of phytoplasma. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4771-4786. [PMID: 35876309 PMCID: PMC9804460 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are obligatory intracellular bacteria that colonize the phloem of many plant species and cause hundreds of plant diseases worldwide. In nature, phytoplasmas are primarily transmitted by hemipteran vectors. While all phloem-feeding insects could in principle transmit phytoplasmas, only a limited number of species have been confirmed as vectors. Knowledge about factors that might determine the vector capacity is currently scarce. Here, we characterized the microbiomes of vector and non-vector species of apple proliferation (AP) phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' to investigate their potential role in the vector capacity of the host. We performed high-throughput 16S rRNA metabarcoding of the two principal AP-vectors Cacopsylla picta and Cacopsylla melanoneura and eight Cacopsylla species, which are not AP-vectors but co-occur in apple orchards. The microbiomes of all species are dominated by Carsonella, the primary endosymbiont of psyllids and a second uncharacterized Enterobacteriaceae endosymbiont. Each Cacopsylla species harboured a species-specific phylotype of both symbionts. Moreover, we investigated differences between the microbiomes of AP-vector versus non-vector species and identified the predominant endosymbionts but also Wolbachia and several minor taxa as potential indicator species. Our study highlights the importance of considering the microbiome in future investigations of potential factors influencing host vector competence. We investigated the potential role of symbiotic bacteria in the acquisition and transmission of phytoplasma. By comparing the two main psyillid vector species of Apple proliferation (AP) phytoplasma and eight co-occurring species, which are not able to vector AP-phytoplasma, we found differences in the microbial communities of AP-vector and non-vector species, which appear to be driven by the predominant symbionts in both vector species and Wolbachia and several minor taxa in the non-vector species. In contrast, infection with AP-phytoplasma did not affect microbiome composition in both vector species. Our study provides new insights into the endosymbiont diversity of Cacopsylla spp. and highlights the importance of considering the microbiome when investigating potential factors influencing host vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBozen‐BolzanoItaly,Competence Centre for Plant HealthFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBozen‐BolzanoItaly
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBozen‐BolzanoItaly,Université d'Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuasavAngersFrance
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBozen‐BolzanoItaly
| | - Jonas Galli
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKUUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation CenterFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly,Center Agriculture Food EnvironmentUniversity of TrentoSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Omar Rota‐Stabelli
- Research and Innovation CenterFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly,Center Agriculture Food EnvironmentUniversity of TrentoSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Tobias Weil
- Research and Innovation CenterFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Katrin Janik
- Center Agriculture Food EnvironmentUniversity of TrentoSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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Rapisarda C, Weigand AM, Braun P, Eickermann M. First systematic inventory of the jumping plant lice of Luxembourg (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Psylloidea). Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e77571. [PMID: 36761534 PMCID: PMC9848628 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e77571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psyllids (superfamily Psylloidea), also known as jumping plant lice, are a group of plant-sap sucking Hemiptera having significant pest status for crops, forest trees and ornamental plants. Only seven species of psyllids have been recorded in Luxembourg so far. An additional group of seven species has been recorded exclusively, based on the findings of their galls or specific plant deformations; but no mention exists in literature on the actual collection of the inducing insect in Luxembourg. To fill this knowledge gap, field collections were carried out during the years 2019-2020. In addition, samples from 1999-2000 stored in the wet collection of the Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg were studied. This research, in combination with information coming from literature, allowed us to list 48 species of the families Aphalaridae (5 species), Liviidae (5), Psyllidae (24) and Triozidae (14), though the presence of one species within the last family (Triozarhamni) needs to be confirmed. Brief information on geographical distribution, biology and (if available) illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided on the psyllid species detected in Luxembourg so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Rapisarda
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Alexander M. Weigand
- Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHNL), Luxembourg, LuxembourgMusée National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHNL)LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Paul Braun
- Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHNL), Luxembourg, LuxembourgMusée National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHNL)LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Michael Eickermann
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, LuxembourgLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
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Barthel D, Schuler H, Galli J, Borruso L, Geier J, Heer K, Burckhardt D, Janik K. Identification of Plant DNA in Adults of the Phytoplasma Vector Cacopsylla picta Helps Understanding Its Feeding Behavior. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120835. [PMID: 33255992 PMCID: PMC7761314 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cacopsylla picta is an insect vector of apple proliferation phytoplasma, the causative bacterial agent of apple proliferation disease. In this study, we provide an answer to the open question of whether adult Cacopsylla picta feed from other plants than their known host, the apple plant. We collected Cacopsylla picta specimens from apple trees and analyzed the composition of plant DNA ingested by these insects. By applying a state-of-the art sequencing approach, we show, for the first time, that Cacopsylla picta feeds from a wide range of woody and herbaceous plant species. Our results are important for a better understanding of the biology and feeding behavior of Cacopsylla picta. Since this insect is an efficient vector of apple proliferation phytoplasma, our results are also important to define potential reservoir plants that might be involved in the transmissive cycle of this pathogen. This study thus provides important data of practical relevance. Abstract Apple proliferation is an economically important disease and a threat for commercial apple cultivation. The causative pathogen, the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, is mainly transmitted by Cacopsylla picta, a phloem-feeding insect that develops on the apple tree (Malus spp.). To investigate the feeding behavior of adults of the phytoplasma vector Cacopsylla picta in more detail, we used deep sequencing technology to identify plant-specific DNA ingested by the insect. Adult psyllids were collected in different apple orchards in the Trentino-South Tyrol region of northern Italy. DNA from the whole body of the insect was extracted and analyzed for the presence of plant DNA by performing PCR with two plant-specific primers that target the chloroplast regions trnH-psbA and rbcLa. DNA from 23 plant genera (trnH) and four plant families (rbcLa) of woody and herbaceous plant taxa was detected. Up to six and three plant genera and families, respectively, could be determined in single specimens. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the feeding behavior of adult Cacopsylla picta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Barthel
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, IT-39100 Bozen (Bolzano), Italy; (H.S.); (L.B.)
- Competence Centre Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, IT-39100 Bozen (Bolzano), Italy
| | - Jonas Galli
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, IT-39100 Bozen (Bolzano), Italy; (H.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Jacob Geier
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Katrin Heer
- Faculty of Biology—Conservation Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Daniel Burckhardt
- Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Katrin Janik
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.J.)
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9
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Barthel D, Kerschbamer C, Panassiti B, Malenovský I, Janik K. Effect of Daytime and Tree Canopy Height on Sampling of Cacopsylla melanoneura, a ' Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' Vector. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091168. [PMID: 32916901 PMCID: PMC7570046 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The psyllids Cacopsylla melanoneura and Cacopsylla picta reproduce on apple (Malus × domestica) and transmit the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, the causative agent of apple proliferation. Adult psyllids were collected by the beating-tray method from lower and upper parts of the apple tree canopy in the morning and in the afternoon. There was a trend of catching more emigrant adults of C.melanoneura in the morning and in the lower part of the canopy. For C.melanoneura remigrants, no differences were observed. The findings regarding the distribution of adults were reflected by the number of nymphs collected by wash-down sampling. The density of C.picta was too low for a statistical analysis. The vector monitoring and how it is commonly performed, is suitable for estimating densities of C.melanoneura. Nevertheless, above a certain temperature threshold, prediction of C.melanoneura density might be skewed. No evidence was found that other relatively abundant psyllid species in the orchard, viz. Baeopelma colorata, Cacopsylla breviantennata, Cacopsylla brunneipennis, Cacopsylla pruni and Trioza urticae, were involved in ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ transmission. The results of our study contribute to an advanced understanding of insect vector behavior and thus have a practical impact for an improved field monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Barthel
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol, Italy; (C.K.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Christine Kerschbamer
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol, Italy; (C.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernd Panassiti
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol, Italy; (C.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Katrin Janik
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), IT-39040 Auer (Ora), South Tyrol, Italy; (C.K.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.J.)
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10
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Oppedisano T, Polajnar J, Kostanjšek R, De Cristofaro A, Ioriatti C, Virant-Doberlet M, Mazzoni V. Substrate-Borne Vibrational Communication in the Vector of Apple Proliferation Disease Cacopsylla picta (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:596-603. [PMID: 31822899 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cacopsylla picta (Förster, 1848) (Hemiptera: Pysllidae) is the main vector of apple proliferation, a phytoplasma-caused disease. It represents one of the most severe problems in apple orchards, and therefore, there is a mandatory requirement to chemically treat against this pest in the European Union. Sexual communication using substrate-borne vibrations was demonstrated in several psyllid species. Here, we report the characteristics of the vibrational signals emitted by C. picta during courtship behavior. The pair formation process can be divided into two main phases: identification and courtship. Females initiate the communication on the host plant by emitting trains of vibrational pulses and, during courtship, if males reply, by emitting a signal consisting of a series of pre-pulses and a 'buzz', a duet is established. Moreover, a scanning electron microscopy investigation showed the presence of a stridulatory structure on the thorax and wings of both sexes, whereas the video recordings elucidated associated wing movement. The results provide new information about the biology of this phytoplasma vector and could form a basis of an environmentally friendly pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Oppedisano
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis snc, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Jernej Polajnar
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Kostanjšek
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis snc, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Meta Virant-Doberlet
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Miñarro M, Somoano A, Moreno A, García RR. Candidate insect vectors of apple proliferation in Northwest Spain. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1240. [PMID: 27536523 PMCID: PMC4970995 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The apple proliferation (AP) disease is spread mostly by two psyllids. Each species plays a predominant role as AP vector that changes regionally. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the AP vectors in each region where the disease is present. This research aimed at identifying the psyllid community in apple orchards from Asturias (NW Spain) and studying their possible role in AP transmission. Yellow sticky traps were used to monitor psyllid community in five cider-apple orchards during 2 years. 3678 individuals belonging to 22 species were identified. We confirmed the presence of the two known vectors, Cacopsylla picta and Cacopsylla melanoneura, although they occurred in relatively low numbers (2.1 and 0.7 % of total catches, respectively). Most collected psyllids are not supposed to use apple as host, and their occurrence is likely favoured by landscape structure and an insect-friendly management. Phytoplasma detection was performed by squash-capture real-time PCR. The pathogen was detected in six species (Cacopsylla crataegi, Cacopsylla mali, Ctenarytaina spatulata, Ctenarytaina eucalypti and the two known AP vectors). Based on abundance and AP-detection rate C. picta is likely the main species spreading AP in our region. However, the low density of the known vectors does not match the widespread and high tree damage level observed in Asturias. The discovery of other four psyllid species carrying the phytoplasma reveals that our knowledge on the potential vectors is limited and that more research is clearly needed to unravel the role of the psyllid fauna in disease transmission in our orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Miñarro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, E-33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias Spain
| | - Aitor Somoano
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, E-33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias Spain
| | | | - Rocío Rosa García
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, E-33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias Spain
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