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Subahar R, Aulia AP, Yulhasri Y, Felim RR, Susanto L, Winita R, El Bayani GF, Adugna T. Assessment of susceptible Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in Indonesia to different insecticides through metabolic enzymes and the histopathological midgut. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12234. [PMID: 36590519 PMCID: PMC9798163 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filariasis and virus diseases that are transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus are still a global health problem. Control of mosquito vectors with synthetic insecticides causes resistance to these mosquitoes to insecticides so that detection of susceptibility of the mosquito larval stage to insecticides is important for evaluating mosquito control programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of wild-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in Jakarta, Indonesia, following exposure to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin; this was done by examining the detoxifying enzyme activities and histological damage to the larval midgut. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were collected from five fields in Jakarta and exposed for 24 h to temephos (1.25, 6.25, 31.25, and 156.25 ppm), malathion (0.5 ppm), cypermethrin (0.25 ppm), and deltamethrin (0.35 ppm). The larvae were then examined for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase activities using biochemical methods. Histological damage to the larval midgut was examined using routine histopathological methods and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After 24 h, temephos and deltamethrin led to 100% mortality in the Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Temephos and malathion significantly inhibited the activity of AChE, while cypermethrin and deltamethrin significantly inhibited oxidase activity. Histologically, all insecticides damaged the larval midgut, as indicated by irregularities in the epithelial cell (ECs), microvilli (Mv), food boluses (FBs), peritrophic membranes (PMs), and cracked epithelial layers (Ep). The TEM findings confirmed that temephos and cypermethrin damage to the midgut ECs included damage to the cell membrane, nucleus, nucleoli, mitochondria, and other cell organelles. Overall, Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in Jakarta were completely susceptible to temephos and deltamethrin. Synthetic insecticides may kill Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae through their actions on the metabolic enzyme activities and histopathological midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Subahar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Annisa Putri Aulia
- Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Yulhasri Yulhasri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ris Raihan Felim
- Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Lisawati Susanto
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rawina Winita
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Gulshan Fahmi El Bayani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Dai DN, Chung NT, Huong LT, Hung NH, Chau DT, Yen NT, Setzer WN. Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Five Species of Cinnamomum Growing Wild in North Central Vietnam. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061303. [PMID: 32178471 PMCID: PMC7144099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) have aromatic volatiles in their leaves and bark and some species are commercially important herbs and spices. In this work, the essential oils from five species of Cinnamomum (C. damhaensis, C. longipetiolatum, C. ovatum, C. polyadelphum and C. tonkinense) growing wild in north central Vietnam were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography and screened for antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity. The leaf essential oil of C. tonkinense, rich in β-phellandrene (23.1%) and linalool (32.2%), showed excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC of 32 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) and larvicidal activity (24 h LC50 of 17.4 μg/mL on Aedes aegypti and 14.1 μg/mL against Culex quinquefasciatus). Cinnamomum polyadelphum leaf essential oil also showed notable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mosquito larvicidal activity, attributable to relatively high concentrations of neral (11.7%) and geranial (16.6%). Thus, members of the genus Cinnamomum from Vietnam have shown promise as antimicrobial agents and as potential vector control agents for mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do N. Dai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, 51-Ly Tu Trong, Vinh City 4300, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.N.D.); (W.N.S.)
| | - Nguyen T. Chung
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
| | - Le T. Huong
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam; (L.T.H.); (N.T.Y.)
| | - Nguyen H. Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam;
| | - Dao T.M. Chau
- Institute of Environmental Biochemistry, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen T. Yen
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam; (L.T.H.); (N.T.Y.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Correspondence: (D.N.D.); (W.N.S.)
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Mysore K, Li P, Wang CW, Hapairai LK, Scheel ND, Realey JS, Sun L, Severson DW, Wei N, Duman-Scheel M. Characterization of a broad-based mosquito yeast interfering RNA larvicide with a conserved target site in mosquito semaphorin-1a genes. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:256. [PMID: 31118082 PMCID: PMC6532267 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi), which has facilitated functional characterization of mosquito neural development genes such as the axon guidance regulator semaphorin-1a (sema1a), could one day be applied as a new means of vector control. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) may represent an effective interfering RNA expression system that could be used directly for delivery of RNA pesticides to mosquito larvae. Here we describe characterization of a yeast larvicide developed through bioengineering of S. cerevisiae to express a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting a conserved site in mosquito sema1a genes. RESULTS Experiments conducted on Aedes aegypti larvae demonstrated that the yeast larvicide effectively silences sema1a expression, generates severe neural defects, and induces high levels of larval mortality in laboratory, simulated-field, and semi-field experiments. The larvicide was also found to induce high levels of Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mortality. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies indicate that use of yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting mosquito sema1a genes may represent a new biorational tool for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Mysore
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Wang
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Limb K Hapairai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas D Scheel
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jacob S Realey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Longhua Sun
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David W Severson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Na Wei
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA. .,Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Mysore K, Li P, Wang CW, Hapairai LK, Scheel ND, Realey JS, Sun L, Roethele JB, Severson DW, Wei N, Duman-Scheel M. Characterization of a yeast interfering RNA larvicide with a target site conserved in the synaptotagmin gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007422. [PMID: 31107878 PMCID: PMC6544322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established and emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Here we describe the characterization of a yeast interfering RNA larvicide that was developed through the genetic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to express a short hairpin RNA targeting the Aedes aegypti synaptotagmin (Aae syt) gene. The larvicide effectively silences the Aae syt gene, causes defects at the larval neural synapse, and induces high rates of A. aegypti larval mortality in laboratory, simulated-field, and semi-field trials. Conservation of the interfering RNA target site in multiple mosquito species, but not in humans or other non-target species, suggested that it may function as a broad-range mosquito larvicide. In support of this, consumption of the yeast interfering RNA larvicide was also found to induce high rates of larval mortality in Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. The results of these studies suggest that this biorational yeast interfering RNA larvicide may represent a new intervention that can be used to combat multiple mosquito vectors of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Mysore
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Ping Li
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Chien-Wei Wang
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Limb K. Hapairai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Scheel
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Jacob S. Realey
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Longhua Sun
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Roethele
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - David W. Severson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of the West Indies, Department of Life Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Na Wei
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- The University of Notre Dame Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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