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Souza DA, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Infran JDOM, Fernandes WDS, Arrua AEC, Piranda EM, de Oliveira AG. Spatiotemporal changes in exposition risk to leishmaniases vector in residences within a fishing tourism area of Pantanal wetland. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011809. [PMID: 38048353 PMCID: PMC10721170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Miranda Municipality of Mato Grosso do Sul, borders the Pantanal wetland, a famous fishing destination visited by tourists from all over the world, and is a location where visceral leishmaniasis has been reported. To assess the risk of Leishmania infantum transmission, we studied the sandfly community, focusing on known vector and parasite presence. We conducted light trap collections twice per month at nine sites within the city (including two forested areas) for one year. We collected a total of 12,727 sand flies, 10,891 males and 1,836 females belonging to 11 species: Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Ev. evandroi, Ev. lenti, Ev. sallesi, Ev. walkeri, Lu. longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia bigeniculata, Pa. hermanlenti and Pa. punctigeniculata. Lutzomyia longipalpis, the proven vector of Leishmania infantum, was captured each month, and was the most abundant species observed, accounting for more than 99% of sand flies captured in most sites, especially where chicken coops were present. Evidence of Leishmania infantum infection was detected in 0.40% of Lu. longipalpis tested. We developed a generalized mixed multilevel model for Lu. longipalpis, that includes within-year seasonality, location of capture (indoors vs. outdoors), vector abundance, and sex ratio. The VL vector was abundant both inside and outside houses. Large numbers of Lu. longipalpis were observed in outdoor sites where domestic animals were present but were absent from forest sites. Our findings suggest high vector populations and Le. infantum presence in a city where tourists could be exposed to visceral leishmaniasis, with significant implications for more surveillance and control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Alovisi Souza
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril Arrua
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Eliane Mattos Piranda
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Fernández MS, Cueto GR, Manteca-Acosta M, Salomón OD. Nyssomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) Activity From Sunset to Sunrise: A Two-Year Study in a Rural Area in Northeast Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:51-61. [PMID: 36308521 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We model the nocturnal patterns of the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna) in the Paranaense region of South America, Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho). Occurrence and abundance variation were analyzed by hourly periods, and in relation to sunrise and sunset to avoid differences in luminosity at fixed times throughout the year. The possible role of climatic and environmental variables on nocturnal activity curves was explored. A rotating light trap was operated biweekly in the peridomestic henhouse of a farm in Puerto Iguazú, from May 2016 to May 2018. Ny. whitmani, is the predominant Phlebotominae species (6,720 specimens captured), and is present throughout the night and seasons. Generalized additive models of nocturnal abundance of Ny. whitmani show a bell shape with an acrophase in the early evening. Models of abundance distribution as a function of total abundance showed significant nonlinear variations, only for the tertile of highest vector abundance, in the curves by hourly periods, and related to dawn, while female abundance relative to total abundance showed an asymptotic increasing curve, suggesting density-dependent events with abundance thresholds. Finally, temperature was the variable that best explained the pattern of abundance distribution of Ny. whitmani during the night, although triggers for scotophase activity due to internal clocks or luminosity could not be ruled out. The relationship of activity and abundance with climatic variables would also explain the nights of extraordinary abundance, and therefore of greater probability of vector-human and vector-reservoir contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo R Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca-Acosta
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios de Investigación en Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, (INMeT), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios de Investigación en Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina (ANLIS) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salomon OD. Lutzomyia longipalpis, Gone with the Wind and Other Variables. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:161-171. [PMID: 32840741 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) is the main vector of Leishmania infantum (Nicolle) in America, associated in turn with the current spread and urbanization of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The vector distribution in AVL foci shows a spatial-temporal clustering despite the different epidemiological contexts. The factors associated with the macroscale distribution of Lu. longipalpis as a landscape stratification are discussed in the framework of the process of their adaptation to anthropized environments. On the other hand, the fact that Lu. longipalpis is clustered in only a few hot spots or critical sites suggests that microscale approaches that describe the trap surrounding environment and the availability of refuges and food sources are better at explaining the uneven distribution of this vector, and should contribute, together with macroscale variables, to design operational control strategies. With regard to temporal distribution and climatic or vegetation data obtained by remote sensing as variables to explain and forecast the abundance of Lu. longipalpis, it is necessary to take into account the time lags in relation to the life cycle of the vector, the difference between the level of daily activity and actual abundance, and the differences in critical variables and thresholds according to the region or season. In conclusion, this review shows that it is feasible to characterize the distribution of Lu. longipalpis at focus level and within it to identify the main critical sites, proposing a sequential cost-effectivity strategy for urban AVL surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical - INMeT, ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbrán, INMeT Av Almafuerte s/n, 3370, Puerto Iguazu, Argentina.
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Barrios SPG, Pereira LE, Casaril AE, Infran JDOM, Fernandes WDS, Oshiro ET, Galati EAB, Graciolli G, Paranhos Filho AC, de Oliveira AG. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Biomes in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1882-1904. [PMID: 32804237 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is an important region of South America regarding leishmaniasis, with the great diversity of sandflies reported since 1938 and wide biodiversity represented by its biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal). A checklist of sandflies is presented here for the state and respective biomes. The data base was compiled from primary and secondary data. The primary data collection involved automatic light traps at Miranda-Abobral Pantanal subregion and in subregion Baixa Nhecolância of Pantanal. The secondary data were obtained from entomology scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1938 to 2019, including entomological museum collections. A total of 71 species were reported, belonging to 14 genera and 13 subgenera, in 61 municipalities of the state, including the type locality of 9 species, and the first report of Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira 1938), vector of Leishmania infantum (Nicolle 1937), in the Pantanal region of Miranda-Abobral. Other vector species, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira 1942), Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho 1939), Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva 1912), Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto 1926), and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939), are reported in the entire area of the state. Maps containing the distribution of sandflies on Mato Grosso do Sul biomes were produced. The eclecticism of the species in relation to their ecotypes was observed, with several species using the three biome types as habitats and breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Escalante Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Teruyia Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho
- Laboratório de Geotecnologias Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Peck DE, Reeves WK, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Drolet B, Cohnstaedt LW, Swanson D, McVey DS, Rodriguez LL, Peters DPC. Management Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Equines Contracting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in the Western United States. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 90:103026. [PMID: 32534788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) cause a condition known as vesicular stomatitis (VS), which results in painful lesions in equines, cattle, swine, and camelids, and when transmitted to humans, can cause flu-like symptoms. When animal premises are affected by VS, they are subject to a quarantine. The equine industry more broadly may incur economic losses due to interruptions of animal trade and transportation to shows, competitions, and other events. Equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians can take proactive measures to reduce the risk of equines contracting VS. To identify appropriate risk management strategies, it helps to understand which biting insects are capable of transmitting the virus to animals, and to identify these insect vectors' preferred habitats and behaviors. We make this area of science more accessible to equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians, by (1) translating the most relevant scientific information about biting insect vectors of VSV and (2) identifying practical management strategies that might reduce the risk of equines contracting VSV from infectious biting insects or from other equines already infected with VSV. We address transmission risk at four different spatial scales-the animal, the barn/shelter, the barnyard/premises, and the surrounding environment/neighborhood-noting that a multiscale and spatially collaborative strategy may be needed to reduce the risk of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will K Reeves
- USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO
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Phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna in a cavern containing cave paintings and its surrounding environment, Central-West Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105151. [PMID: 31449783 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interior of caves usually presents climate, light, soil, flora and fauna that distinguish it from the external environment. Among the sandfly species found in caves, several may act as vectors of Leishmania spp. and others are a nuisance to humans due to their painful bites. This study sought to identify the phlebotomine fauna in a cavern with cave paintings ("Gruta do Pitoco") which attract tourists in Alcinopólis municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The sandflies were collected from March 2014 to September 2015, with automatic light traps, installed monthly, in the entrance and interior of the cave and outside it. A total of 7645 specimens belonging to 27 species were collected. Lutzomyia dispar, Martinsmyia oliverai and those of the Lu. longipalpis complex (Lu. cruzi and Lu. longipalpis) were the predominant species. Among the three environments sampled, no great difference between species richness was observed. Comparing these environments, the interior of the cave presented the lowest diversity index due to the high frequency of Lu. dispar (46%). For the first time, specimens (only females) of the genus Deanemyia were collected in Mato Grosso do Sul state. Moreover, the study revealed the sympatric occurrence of Lu. cruzi and Lu. longipalpis, both proven vectors of L. infantum, and also Lu. dispar, a highly anthropophilic species, which often causes annoyance to those who visit the cave.
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Fernandes WDS, Borges LM, Casaril AE, de Oliveira EF, Infran JDOM, Piranda EM, Oshiro ET, Gomes SP, de Oliveira AG. Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an urban area, Central-West of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e54. [PMID: 28902295 PMCID: PMC5574625 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological and ecological relations among vectors and their pathogens are important to understand the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Camapuã is an endemic area for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna present in Camapuã , MS, Brazil. Sand flies were collected every fortnight from May 2014 to April 2015 using automatic light traps in the domicile and peridomicile of twelve neighborhoods and forest. The collected specimens were identified based on morphology according to the valid identification keys. In total, 2005 sandflies of five genera and nine species were collected. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi were the most abundant species. Males were more abundant, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.14. The highest diversity was observed in peripheral neighborhood, with abundant plant cover. The peridomicile presented greater abundance of sandflies, with the predominance of Ny. whitmani . No significant correlation between the absolute frequencies of the most abundant species and the precipitation variable was observed; however, there was a predominance of Lu. cruzi in the rainy season. We observed a high frequency of sandflies in urban area, especially vector species. The presence of Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi indicate the necessity for health surveillance in the municipality. Additional method of collection such as sticky trap is also recommended for appropriate faunestic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado Borges
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Prefeitura de Camapuã, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Camapuã, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de
Engenharia/Estatística, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliane Mattos Piranda
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Suellem Petilim Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
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Brilhante AF, de Ávila MM, de Souza JF, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Sábio PB, de Paula MB, Godoy RE, Melchior LAK, Nunes VLB, de Oliveira Cardoso C, Galati EAB. Attractiveness of black and white modified Shannon traps to phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, an area of intense transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite 2017; 24:20. [PMID: 28593838 PMCID: PMC5467224 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Amazon region the phlebotomine fauna is considered one of the most diverse in the world. The use of Shannon traps may provide information on the anthropophily of the species and improve the traps' performance in terms of diversity and quantity of insects collected when white and black colored traps are used together. This study sought to verify the attractiveness of the traps to the phlebotomine species of the Brazilian Amazon basin using Shannon traps under these conditions. The insects were collected using two Shannon traps installed side by side, one white and the other black, in a primary forest area of the municipality of Xapuri, Acre, Brazil. Samples were collected once a month during the period August 2013 to July 2015. A sample of females was dissected to test for natural infection by flagellates. A total of 6,309 (864 males and 5,445 females) specimens (36 species) were collected. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai (42%), Nyssomyia shawi (36%), and Psychodopygus davisi (13%), together represented 90% of the insects collected. Nyssomyia shawi and Psychodopygus davisi were more attracted by the white color. Specimens of Nyssomyia shawi, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus were found naturally infected by flagellates in the mid and hindgut. This is the first study in Acre state using and comparing both black and white Shannon traps, demonstrating the richness, diversity, and anthropophilic behavior of the phlebotomine species and identifying proven and putative vectors of the etiological agents of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vânia Lúcia Brandão Nunes
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Laboratory of Human Parasitology, Anhanguera-Uniderp University Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
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