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Maitra A, Cunha-Machado AS, Souza Leandro AD, Costa FMD, Scarpassa VM. Exploring deeper genetic structures: Aedes aegypti in Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 195:68-77. [PMID: 31034798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, being the principal vector of dengue (DENV1 to 4), chikungunya and Zika viruses, is considered as one of the most important mosquito vectors. In Brazil, despite regular vector control programs, Ae. aegypti still persists with high urban density in all the states. This study aimed to estimate the intra and inter population genetic diversity and genetic structure among 15 Brazilian populations of Ae. aegypti based on 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 510 specimens were analyzed comprising eight locations from northern (Itacoatiara, Manaus, Novo Airão, Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim and Macapá), three from southeastern (Araçatuba, São José de Rio Preto and Taubaté), one from southern (Foz do Iguaçu), one from central west (Cuiabá) and two from northeastern (Campina Grande and Teresina) regions of Brazil. Genetic distances (pairwise values of FST and Nm) and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were statistically significant, independent of geographic distances among the sites analyzed, indicating that them are under a complex dynamic process that influence the levels of gene flow within and among regions of the country. Bayesian analysis in STRUCTURE revealed the existence of two major genetic clusters, as well as there was genetic substructure within them; these results were confirmed by AMOVA, BAPS and DAPC analyses. This differentiation is the cumulative result of several factors combined as events of multiple introduction, passive dispersal, environmental and climatic conditions, use of insecticides, cycles of extinction and re-colonization followed by microevolutionary processes throughout the country. Isolation by distance also contributed to this differentiation, especially among geographically closer localities. These genetic differences may affect its vector competence to transmit dengue, chikungunya, Zika and the response to vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Maitra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antônio Saulo Cunha-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Saneamento, Prefeitura Municipal de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio Medeiros da Costa
- Oikos Consultoria e Projetos, Departamento de Meio Ambiente, Estrada de Santo Antônio, 3903 Apto 103 - Triângulo, Porto Velho, CEP 76.805 - 696, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Brochero H, Li C, Wilkerson R, Conn JE, Ruiz-García M. Genetic structure of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:585-95. [PMID: 20810825 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Five Anopheles marajoara Galvão and Damasceno populations, representing diverse ecological conditions, were sampled throughout Colombia and analyzed using nine hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci. The overall genetic diversity (H = 0.58) was lower than that determined for some Brazilian populations using the same markers. The Caquetá population (Colombia) had the lowest gene diversity (H = 0.48), and it was the only population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the remaining four populations was probably caused by the Wahlund effect. The assignment analyses showed two incompletely isolated gene pools separated by the Eastern Andean cordillera. However, other possible geographical barriers (rivers and other mountains) did not play any role in the moderate genetic heterogeneity found among these populations (F(ST) = 0.069). These results are noteworthy, because this species is a putative malaria vector in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Brochero
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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ENDERSBY NM, HOFFMANN AA, WHITE VL, LOWENSTEIN S, RITCHIE S, JOHNSON PH, RAPLEY LP, RYAN PA, NAM VS, YEN NT, KITTIYAPONG P, WEEKS AR. Genetic structure of Aedes aegypti in Australia and Vietnam revealed by microsatellite and exon primed intron crossing markers suggests feasibility of local control options. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 46:1074-83. [PMID: 19769038 PMCID: PMC2782737 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of Aedes aegypti (L.) in Australia is currently restricted to northern Queensland, but it has been more extensive in the past. In this study, we evaluate the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations in Australia and Vietnam and consider genetic differentiation between mosquitoes from these areas and those from a population in Thailand. Six microsatellites and two exon primed intron crossing markers were used to assess isolation by distance across all populations and also within the Australian sample. Investigations of founder effects, amount of molecular variation between and within regions and comparison of F(ST) values among Australian and Vietnamese populations were made to assess the scale of movement ofAe. aegypti. Genetic control methods are under development for mosquito vector populations including the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. The success of these control methods will depend on the population structure of the target species including population size and rates of movement among populations. Releases of modified mosquitoes could target local populations that show a high degree of isolation from surrounding populations, potentially allowing new variants to become established in one region with eventual dispersal to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. ENDERSBY
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A. A. HOFFMANN
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V. L. WHITE
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S. LOWENSTEIN
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S. RITCHIE
- Tropical Population Health Unit, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - P. H. JOHNSON
- Tropical Population Health Unit, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - L. P. RAPLEY
- Tropical Population Health Unit, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - P. A. RYAN
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - V. S. NAM
- General Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Lane 135 Nui Truc, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N. T. YEN
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin St., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - P. KITTIYAPONG
- Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A. R. WEEKS
- Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Corresponding author,
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Sukonthabhirom S, Saengtharatip S, Jirakanchanakit N, Rongnoparut P, Yoksan S, Daorai A, Chareonviriyaphap T. Genetic structure among Thai populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2009; 34:43-49. [PMID: 20836804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-one field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) were compared using isozyme starch gel electrophoresis to characterize genetic variation between populations. Ae. aegypti were collected from seven provinces in Thailand. Thirty-one isozyme encoding loci, including 19 polymorphic loci, were characterized. Only small levels of genetic differentiation were observed among the 31 district populations in the seven provinces. Isolation by distance among populations from the seven provinces showed no correlation between genetic variation and geographical distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprada Sukonthabhirom
- Office of Plant Protection Research and Development, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Ruiz-Garcia M, Bello F, Ramirez D, Alvarez D. Genetic structure of the genera Psorophora (Diptera: Culicidae) in Columbian and north American populations using isoenzymes and ITS2 sequences. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279540607009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fraga EDC, Santos JMMD, Maia JDF. Enzymatic variability in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Manaus-AM, Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572003000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ruvolo-Takasusuki MCC, Machado MDFP, Conte H. Esterase-3 polymorphism in the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Genet Mol Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572002000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Martins E, Contel EP. African dung beetle Onthophagus gazella Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) esterase isozymes. BRAZ J BIOL 2001; 61:645-50. [PMID: 12071321 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842001000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African beetles Onthophagus gazella from both sexes were analyzed by electrophoresis for an investigation of esterase isozymes using alpha-naphthyl propionate and methylumbelliferyl propionate as substrates. Only one of the esterases (Est. 6) reacted with one of the substrates (alpha-naphthyl propionate). Six areas of activity were found, two of them being polymorphic (Est. 3 and Est. 4). For presence of Est. 3, 337 individuals were analyzed, including descendants of 32 controlled crossings: two alleles were identified, whose frequencies are Est. 3A = 0.447 and Est. 3B = 0.553. The population is in equilibrium for this locus (qui-square = 4.18; 0.2 > P > 0.1). For Est. 4, 338 individuals, descendants of 32 controlled crossings, were analysed. In this case, three alleles were identified whose frequencies are: Est. 4A = 0.277; Est. 4B = 0.661; and Est. 4C = 0.062. The population is not in equilibrium for this locus (qui-square = 40.259; p < 0.001). Two esterases were detected only in the pupal stage and another one in larvae. Of the 23 loci analyzed in these insects up to now, 3 are polymorphic (13%), which indicates very low variability in the population here studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martins
- School of Medicine of the Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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