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Meunier M, Yammine A, Bettaieb A, Plenchette S. Nitroglycerin: a comprehensive review in cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:323. [PMID: 37173331 PMCID: PMC10182021 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a prodrug that has long been used in clinical practice for the treatment of angina pectoris. The biotransformation of NTG and subsequent release of nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for its vasodilatating property. Because of the remarkable ambivalence of NO in cancer disease, either protumorigenic or antitumorigenic (partly dependent on low or high concentrations), harnessing the therapeutic potential of NTG has gain interest to improve standard therapies in oncology. Cancer therapeutic resistance remains the greatest challenge to overcome in order to improve the management of cancer patients. As a NO releasing agent, NTG has been the subject of several preclinical and clinical studies used in combinatorial anticancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the use of NTG in cancer therapy in order to foresee new potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Meunier
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- LIIC, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aline Yammine
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- LIIC, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- LIIC, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Plenchette
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
- LIIC, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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2
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Kim J, Thomas SN. Opportunities for Nitric Oxide in Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1146-1175. [PMID: 36180108 PMCID: PMC9553106 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite nearly 30 years of development and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and NO delivery systems in anticancer therapy, the limited understanding of exogenous NO's effects on the immune system has prevented their advancement into clinical use. In particular, the effects of exogenously delivered NO differing from that of endogenous NO has obscured how the potential and functions of NO in anticancer therapy may be estimated and exploited despite the accumulating evidence of NO's cancer therapy-potentiating effects on the immune system. After introducing their fundamentals and characteristics, this review discusses the current mechanistic understanding of NO donors and delivery systems in modulating the immunogenicity of cancer cells as well as the differentiation and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Lastly, the potential for the complex modulatory effects of NO with the immune system to be leveraged for therapeutic applications is discussed in the context of recent advancements in the implementation of NO delivery systems for anticancer immunotherapy applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite a 30-year history and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and delivery systems as anticancer therapeutics, their clinical translation has been limited. Increasing evidence of the complex interactions between NO and the immune system has revealed both the potential and hurdles in their clinical translation. This review summarizes the effects of exogenous NO on cancer and immune cells in vitro and elaborates these effects in the context of recent reports exploiting NO delivery systems in vivo in cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (J.K., S.N.T.), George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering (J.K., S.N.T.), and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.N.T.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.N.T.); and Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea (J.K.)
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3
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Yang C, Mu G, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang W, Li P, Yang L, Yang Z, Gao J, Liu J. Supramolecular Nitric Oxide Depot for Hypoxic Tumor Vessel Normalization and Radiosensitization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202625. [PMID: 35906003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In cancer radiotherapy, the lack of fixed DNA damage by oxygen in hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors often leads to severe radioresistance. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent radiosensitizer that acts in two ways. It can directly react with the radical DNA thus fixing the damage. It also normalizes the abnormal tumor vessels, thereby increasing blood perfusion and oxygen supply. To achieve these functions, the dosage and duration of NO treatment need to be carefully controlled, otherwise it will lead to the exact opposite outcomes. However, a delivery method that fulfills both requirements is still lacking. A NO depot is designed for the control of NO releasing both over quantity and duration for hypoxic tumor vessel normalization and radiosensitization. In B16-tumor-bearing mice, the depot can provide low dosage NO continuously and release large amount of NO immediately before irradiation for a short period of time. These two modes of treatment work in synergy to reverse the radioresistance of B16 tumors more efficiently than releasing at single dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Ganen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Paiyun Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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4
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Teperikidis E, Boulmpou A, Charalampidis P, Tsavousoglou C, Giannakoulas G, Papadopoulos CE, Vassilikos V. 5-Fluorouracil, capecitabine and vasospasm: a scoping review of pathogenesis, management options and future research considerations. Acta Cardiol 2022; 77:1-13. [PMID: 33683181 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1873548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that can cause cardiotoxicity manifesting, among others, as chest pain. Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-FU, with reported preferential activation in malignant cells that may also cause cardiotoxic reactions. Standard treatment of 5-FU and capecitabine induced chest pain with vasodilators is mostly effective, but there are several cases of patients unresponsive to these agents. METHODS We performed a PubMed search on 31st May 2020. We used a three keyword search strategy using Boolean search operators. More specifically, we included fluorouracil or 5-FU or capecitabine and chest pain or angina and mechanism or treatment or management. We included primary reports of clinical and non-clinical data, as well as systematic reviews. Narrative reviews, expert opinions, letters to the editor and other forms of non-primary literature were excluded. RESULTS Our search yielded a total of 1595 reports. Of these, 1460 were narrative reviews or irrelevant to the topic and were excluded. A total of 135 reports were used for our review. We used 81 reports for data extraction, which included 13 clinical trials, 4 retrospective reports, 61 case reports, and 3 systematic reviews. CONCLUSION We report the incidence and predisposing factors, the value of available diagnostic procedures, and standard medical and invasive treatments. We also speculate on the potential benefit of arginine as a promising option both in prevention as well as treatment of 5-FU-induced chest pain. Finally, gaps of evidence are identified and proposals are made in terms of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Teperikidis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristi Boulmpou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Charalampidis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- St Luke’s Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chalil Tsavousoglou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christodoulos E. Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chang LH, Hu TM. Co-delivery of nitric oxide and camptothecin using organic-inorganic composite colloidal particles for enhanced anticancer activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Famta P, Shah S, Chatterjee E, Singh H, Dey B, Guru SK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Exploring new Horizons in overcoming P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistant breast cancer via nanoscale drug delivery platforms. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100054. [PMID: 34909680 PMCID: PMC8663938 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high probability (13%) of women developing breast cancer in their lifetimes in America is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug resistance after exposure to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Permeation glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux is widely recognized as the major driver of this resistance. Initial in vitro and in vivo investigations of the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and P-gp inhibitors have yielded satisfactory results; however, these results have not translated to clinical settings. The systemic delivery of multiple agents causes adverse effects and drug-drug interactions, and diminishes patient compliance. Nanocarrier-based site-specific delivery has recently gained substantial attention among researchers for its promise in circumventing the pitfalls associated with conventional therapy. In this review article, we focus on nanocarrier-based co-delivery approaches encompassing a wide range of P-gp inhibitors along with chemotherapeutic agents. We discuss the contributions of active targeting and stimuli responsive systems in imparting site-specific cytotoxicity and reducing both the dose and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Essha Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Li Q, Zhang J, Li J, Ye H, Li M, Hou W, Li H, Wang Z. Glutathione-Activated NO-/ROS-Generation Nanoparticles to Modulate the Tumor Hypoxic Microenvironment for Enhancing the Effect of HIFU-Combined Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26808-26823. [PMID: 34085524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and chemotherapy has promising potential in the synergistic treatment of various types of solid tumors. However, the clinical efficacy of HIFU in combination chemotherapy is often impeded by the pre-existing hypoxia tumor microenvironment-induced multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, it is imperative for HIFU combined with chemotherapy to overcome MDR by improving the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Hence, we developed highly stable nanoparticles (P@BDOX/β-lapachone-NO-NPs) with intracellular nitric oxide (NO)- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating capabilities at the tumor site to relieve the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Doxorubicin prodrug (boronate-DOX, BDOX) and β-lapachone were concurrently loaded onto actively targeted pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs)-poly(ethylene glycol) and nitrated gluconic acid copolymers. Our results showed that the ability of P@BDOX/β-lapachone-NO-NPs to generate NO and ROS simultaneously is vital for the sensitization of hypoxic solid tumors for chemotherapy, as evidenced by the suppression of tumor cells and tissues (in vitro and in the nude mice model). Thus, this combined therapy holds considerable potential in the management of hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hemin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Meixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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8
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Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α accumulation by glyceryl trinitrate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221809. [PMID: 31912870 PMCID: PMC6981098 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key mechanism mediating cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia involves the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor composed of HIF-1α, and HIF-1β subunits. The classical mechanism of regulation of HIF-1 activity involves destabilisation of HIF-1α via oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of proline residues and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Studies from our laboratory revealed that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling inhibits the acquisition of hypoxia-induced malignant phenotypes in tumour cells. The present study aimed to elucidate a mechanism of HIF-1 regulation involving NO/cGMP signalling. Using human DU145 prostate cancer cells, we assessed the effect of the NO mimetic glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and the cGMP analogue 8-Bromo-cGMP on hypoxic accumulation of HIF-1α. Concentrations of GTN known to primarily activate the NO/cGMP pathway (100 nM–1 µM) inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation in a time-dependent manner. Incubation with 8-Bromo-cGMP (1 nM–10 µM) also attenuated HIF-1α accumulation, while levels of HIF-1α mRNA remained unaltered by exposure to GTN or 8-Bromo-cGMP. Furthermore, treatment of cells with the calpain (Ca2+-activated proteinase) inhibitor calpastatin attenuated the effects of GTN and 8-Bromo-cGMP on HIF-1α accumulation. However, since calpain activity was not affected by incubation of DU145 cells with various concentrations of GTN or 8-Bromo-cGMP (10 nM or 1 µM) under hypoxic or well-oxygenated conditions, it is unlikely that NO/cGMP signalling inhibits HIF-1α accumulation via regulation of calpain activity. These findings provide evidence for a role of NO/cGMP signalling in the regulation of HIF-1α, and hence HIF-1-mediated hypoxic responses, via a mechanism dependent on calpain.
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9
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Korman DB, Ostrovskaya LA, Vanin AF. Nitric Oxide Donors as Potential Antitumor Agents. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092102010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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10
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Lu J, Zhang C, Yang X, Yao XJ, Zhang Q, Sun XC. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel 18F-Labeled 2-Nitroimidazole Derivative for Hypoxia Imaging. Front Oncol 2021; 10:572097. [PMID: 33604284 PMCID: PMC7884749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypoxia is prevalent in tumors and plays a pivotal role in resistance to chemoradiotherapy. 18F-MISO (18F-labeled fluoromisonidazole) is currently the preferred choice of PET hypoxia tracers in clinical practice, but has severe disadvantages involving complex labeling methods and low efficient imaging due to lipophilicity. We aimed to design a novel nitroimidazole derivative labeled by 18F via a chelation technique to detect hypoxic regions and provide a basis for planning radiotherapy. Materials and Methods First, we synthesized a 2-nitroimidazole precursor, 2-[4-(carboxymethyl)-7-[2-(2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamido)ethyl]-1,4,7-triazanonan-1-yl]acetic acid (NOTA-NI). For 18F-labeling, a 18F solution was reacted with a mixture of AlCl3 and NOTA-NI at pH 3.5 and 100°C for 20 min, and the radiochemical purity and stability were evaluated. Biological behaviors of Al18F-NOTA-NI were analyzed by an uptake study in ECA109 normoxic and hypoxic cells, and a biodistribution study and microPET imaging in ECA109 xenografted mice. Results Al18F-NOTA-NI required a straightforward and efficient labeling procedure compared with 18F-MISO. The uptake values were distinctly higher in hypoxic tumor cells. Animal studies revealed that the imaging agent was principally excreted via the kidneys. Due to hydrophilicity, the radioactivities in blood and muscle were decreased, and we could clearly distinguish xenografted tumors from para-carcinoma tissue by PET imaging. Conclusions The nitroimidazole tracer Al18F-NOTA-NI steadily accumulated in hypoxic areas in tumors and was rapidly eliminated from normal tissue. It appears to be a promising candidate for hypoxia imaging with high sensitivity and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Juan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Chen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bredahl EC, Najdawi W, Pass C, Siedlik J, Eckerson J, Drescher K. Use of Creatine and Creatinine to Minimize Doxorubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2597-2604. [PMID: 33135456 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1842893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective anticancer agent, can damage cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue via excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Supplemental creatine (Cr) has been shown to have a therapeutic role in disease states characterized by increased oxidative stress. To investigate the effects of Cr and creatinine (CrN) on DOX-induced cytotoxicity. Cultured L6 and H9C2 myoblasts were exposed to 25 μM DOX, 10 mM Cr, 10 mM CrN, 25 μM DOX + 10 mM Cr, 25 μM DOX + 10 mM CrN, or control media for 12 h. Viability was assessed using Confocal and Widefield imaging. Immunoblotting was used to determine protein expression. Viability was lowest in the DOX-treated group regardless of cell type; however, when DOX was combined with Cr or CrN, viability was improved. Levels of oxidative stress, as measured by 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the DOX treated cells vs. controls; however, Cr + DOX and CrN + DOX significantly lowered 4HNE levels compared to DOX-treated cells. Creatine kinase (CK), a key marker of cellular damage, was significantly higher in DOX-treated H9c2 cells vs. controls. However, Cr or CrN in combination with DOX, resulted in no significant differences in CK vs. controls. Supplementation with Cr or CrN may preserve cell viability during DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Christopher Bredahl
- Department of Exercise Science & Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wisam Najdawi
- Department of Exercise Science & Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Caroline Pass
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jake Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science & Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joan Eckerson
- Department of Exercise Science & Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kristen Drescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Sun T, Ding Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Zhang GP, Liang D, Yu K, Chu Y, Chen Q, Jiang C. Carry-On Nitric-Oxide Luggage for Enhanced Chemotherapeutic Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5275-5283. [PMID: 32421336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a carry-on nitric-oxide (NO) luggage strategy for enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy. A stimuli-responsive NO-releasing polypeptide was prepared as the building block to assemble into a micelle as a chemodrug-carrier. The micelle was anchored with cRGD peptide with the aim of targeting to tumors' neoangiogenesis. In situ generation of NO at the tumor site can promote the neovascularization to recruit more chemotherapeutics. Besides, the introduced exogenous NO can directly induce apoptosis, synergistically with the chemotherapeutics. A specific near-infrared-region (NIR) NO-probe was also developed to be coloaded to the micelle to report the in situ NO-release. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the targeting capability, increased accumulation, real-time NO-release reporting phenomenon, improved antitumor efficacy, and favorable biosafety. Embedding NO into drug cargo as carry-on luggage for enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy, hopefully, can cast new lights and build a basic principle in the future clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunhui Ding
- Shanghai SPH Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pharma, Shanghai 201806, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Donghui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kunjiao Yu
- Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai 20020, China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Dallavalle S, Dobričić V, Lazzarato L, Gazzano E, Machuqueiro M, Pajeva I, Tsakovska I, Zidar N, Fruttero R. Improvement of conventional anti-cancer drugs as new tools against multidrug resistant tumors. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 50:100682. [PMID: 32087558 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy. The design of antitumor drugs that are able to evade MDR is rapidly evolving, showing that this area of biomedical research attracts great interest in the scientific community. The current review explores promising recent approaches that have been developed with the aim of circumventing or overcoming MDR. Encouraging results have been obtained in the investigation of the MDR-modulating properties of various classes of natural compounds and their analogues. Inhibition of P-gp or downregulation of its expression have proven to be the main mechanisms by which MDR can be surmounted. The use of hybrid molecules that are able to simultaneously interact with two or more cancer cell targets is currently being explored as a means to circumvent drug resistance. This strategy is based on the design of hybrid compounds that are obtained either by merging the structural features of separate drugs, or by conjugating two drugs or pharmacophores via cleavable/non-cleavable linkers. The approach is highly promising due to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages that can be achieved over the independent administration of the two individual components. However, it should be stressed that the task of obtaining successful multivalent drugs is a very challenging one. The conjugation of anticancer agents with nitric oxide (NO) donors has recently been developed, creating a particular class of hybrid that can combat tumor drug resistance. Appropriate NO donors have been shown to reverse drug resistance via nitration of ABC transporters and by interfering with a number of metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways. In fact, hybrid compounds that are produced by covalently attaching NO-donors and antitumor drugs have been shown to elicit a synergistic cytotoxic effect in a variety of drug resistant cancer cell lines. Another strategy to circumvent MDR is based on nanocarrier-mediated transport and the controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs and P-gp inhibitors. Their pharmacokinetics are governed by the nanoparticle or polymer carrier and make use of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, which can increase selective delivery to cancer cells. These systems are usually internalized by cancer cells via endocytosis and accumulate in endosomes and lysosomes, thus preventing rapid efflux. Other modalities to combat MDR are described in this review, including the pharmaco-modulation of acridine, which is a well-known scaffold in the development of bioactive compounds, the use of natural compounds as means to reverse MDR, and the conjugation of anticancer drugs with carriers that target specific tumor-cell components. Finally, the outstanding potential of in silico structure-based methods as a means to evaluate the ability of antitumor drugs to interact with drug transporters is also highlighted in this review. Structure-based design methods, which utilize 3D structural data of proteins and their complexes with ligands, are the most effective of the in silico methods available, as they provide a prediction regarding the interaction between transport proteins and their substrates and inhibitors. The recently resolved X-ray structure of human P-gp can help predict the interaction sites of designed compounds, providing insight into their binding mode and directing possible rational modifications to prevent them from becoming P-gp drug substrates. In summary, although major efforts were invested in the search for new tools to combat drug resistant tumors, they all require further implementation and methodological development. Further investigation and progress in the abovementioned strategies will provide significant advances in the rational combat against cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, C8 Building, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- QSAR and Molecular Modelling Department, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- QSAR and Molecular Modelling Department, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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14
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Aalaei S, Mohammadzadeh M, Pazhang Y. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in a cell model of human leukemia K562 by nitroglycerine and valproic acid. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:619-630. [PMID: 31611745 PMCID: PMC6785758 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NG), a nitric oxide donor, and valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, have impressive effects on numerous cancer cell lines. This study intended to evaluate synergistic effects of NG and VPA on cell viability and apoptosis in K562 cells. K562 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated FBS. They were treated with different doses of NG, VPA and cisplatin for 24, 48, and 72 h, and MTT assay was performed to analyze cell viability. Also, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in RPMI-1640 media and incubated with NG (200 μM), VAP (100 μM), NG+VPA (150 μM) and cisplatin (8 μM) to evaluate cytotoxicity. IC50 of the drugs, when they were applied separately and in combination, were calculated using the COMPUSYN software. DNA electrophoresis, TUNEL assay, and Hoechst staining were performed to investigate apoptosis induction. RT-PCR was used for the evaluation of apoptotic genes expression. The results of the MTT assay showed that cell viability decreased at all applied doses of NG and VPA. It was noticed that the cytotoxic effects of these drugs were dose- and time-dependent. Based on the COMPUSYN output, the combination of the drugs (VPA and NG) in a certain ratio concentration synergistically decreased cell viability. Cisplatin significantly decreased cell viability of PBMCs and K562 cells. Also, the combination drug had cytotoxic effect and significantly reduced viability of K562 cells compared with PBMCs and control cells. In the target cells treated with this combination, Bax and caspase-3 expression increased but Bcl-2 expression decreased. These results suggest that NG, VPA, and their combination decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study suggests that this combination therapy can be considered for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aalaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Yaghub Pazhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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15
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Du J, Xu N, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. Carbon Dots for In Vivo Bioimaging and Theranostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805087. [PMID: 30779301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a kind of carbon material discovered accidentally, exhibit unexpected advantages in fluorescence imaging/sensing such as photostability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. For emerging theranostics, an interdiscipline created by integrating therapy and diagnostics, CDs are good candidates when they are combined with targeted chemo/gene/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties. Here, the development of CDs in nanomedicine is reviewed from their use as original imaging agents and/or drug carriers to multifunctional theranostic systems. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the next-generation of CD-based theranostics for clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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16
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Marx S, Van Gysel M, Breuer A, Dal Maso T, Michiels C, Wouters J, Le Calvé B. Potentialization of anticancer agents by identification of new chemosensitizers active under hypoxia. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:224-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Minassian LM, Cotechini T, Huitema E, Graham CH. Hypoxia-Induced Resistance to Chemotherapy in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:123-139. [PMID: 31201721 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier to the successful management of cancer is the development of resistance to therapy. Chemotherapy resistance can either be an intrinsic property of malignant cells developed prior to therapy, or acquired following exposure to anti-cancer drugs. Given the impact of drug resistance to the overall poor survival of cancer patients, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular pathways regulating this malignant phenotype. In this chapter we describe some of the molecular pathways that contribute to drug resistance in cancer, the role of a microenvironment deficient in oxygen (hypoxia) in malignant progression, and how hypoxia can be a significant factor in the development of drug resistance. We conclude by proposing potential therapeutic approaches that take advantage of a hypoxic microenvironment to chemosensitize therapy-resistant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Minassian
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Huitema
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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18
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Li X, Zou Z, Tang J, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Liu Q, Wang Y. NOS1 upregulates ABCG2 expression contributing to DDP chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1595-1602. [PMID: 30675218 PMCID: PMC6341833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) has been reported to promote various cancer processes including chemoresistance. However, the role of NOS1 in chemoresistance has remained unclear. ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2) has been identified as a molecular cause of multidrug resistance in a number of cancer types, including ovarian cancer. The present study observed that in ovarian cancer cells, the expression of ABCG2 was significantly upregulated in response to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin/DDP) treatment, in addition the expression of NOS1 exhibited an increasing trend. Additionally, the levels of NOS1 and ABCG2 in chemoresistant ovarian cancer profiles in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE26712 and GSE51373) were higher than in chemosensitive profiles. Furthermore, overexpression of NOS1 could upregulate ABCG2 expression, and expression of ABCG2 was inhibited by NOS1 selective inhibitor (N-PLA). In assays of cell survival, NOS1 appeared to increase the potential for DDP resistance, and this effect was reversed by addition of ABCG2 inhibitor (verapamil). The present study indicated that NOS1-induced chemoresistance was partly mediated by the upregulation of ABCG2 expression. This result suggests a link between the expression of NOS1 and the ABCG2-associated chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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19
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Pantziarka P, Sukhatme V, Crispino S, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing drugs in oncology (ReDO)-selective PDE5 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:824. [PMID: 29743944 PMCID: PMC5931815 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are widely-used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. They are also well-known as examples of successful drug repurposing in that they were initially developed for angina and only later developed for erectile dysfunction. However, these drugs may also be effective cancer treatments. A range of evidentiary sources are assessed in this paper and the case made that there is pre-clinical and clinical evidence that these drugs may offer clinical benefit in a range of cancers. In particular, evidence is presented that these drugs have potent immunomodulatory activity that warrants clinical study in combination with check-point inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, Strombeek-Bever 1853, Belgium.,The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lydie Meheus
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, Strombeek-Bever 1853, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures Inc., Newton, MA 02459, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Ferraz LS, Watashi CM, Colturato-Kido C, Pelegrino MT, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Weller RB, Seabra AB, Rodrigues T. Antitumor Potential of S-Nitrosothiol-Containing Polymeric Nanoparticles against Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1160-1168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S. Ferraz
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Watashi
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Colturato-Kido
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena T. Pelegrino
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard B. Weller
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (NANOMED), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (NANOMED), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Chen X, Liu Y, Shan Y, Jin X, Shi Q, Jia C. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein suppresses mouse granulosa cell differentiation through disruption of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:1306-1313. [PMID: 29155477 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity predisposes women to reproductive disorders. One symptom of obesity in women is higher levels of oxidized Low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in serum and preovulatory follicles. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxLDL might impair follicle differentiation and luteinization. Given that Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) plays crucial roles in supporting follicle differentiation and luteinization in mammals, we focused on oxLDL-mediated events that may affect the HIF1 pathway. We report that exposure to oxLDL diminished the expression of HIF1α and its target genes and suppressed the differentiation of mouse luteinized granulosa cells following induction by human Chorionic gonadotophin (hCG) under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Significantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevented this oxLDL-attenuation differentiation phenotype by blocking HIF1α degradation. Together, these findings suggest that suppression of granulosa cell differentiation by oxLDL, via HIF1α down-regulation, may contribute the negative effects of obesity on female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- Departmentof Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunshu Jia
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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McCrudden CM, McBride JW, McCaffrey J, Ali AA, Dunne NJ, Kett VL, Coulter JA, Robson T, McCarthy HO. Systemic RALA/iNOS Nanoparticles: A Potent Gene Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer Coupled as a Biomarker of Treatment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 6:249-258. [PMID: 28325291 PMCID: PMC5363505 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the therapeutic benefit of a nanoparticular formulation for the delivery of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene therapy in a model of breast cancer metastasis. Nanoparticles comprising a cationic peptide vector, RALA, and plasmid DNA were formulated and characterized using a range of physiochemical analyses. Nanoparticles complexed using iNOS plasmids and RALA approximated 60 nm in diameter with a charge of 25 mV. A vector neutralization assay, performed to determine the immunogenicity of nanoparticles in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, revealed that no vector neutralization was evident. Nanoparticles harboring iNOS plasmids (constitutively active cytomegalovirus [CMV]-driven or transcriptionally regulated human osteocalcin [hOC]-driven) evoked iNOS protein expression and nitrite accumulation and impaired clonogenicity in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer model. Micrometastases of MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H1 cells were established in female BALB/c SCID mice by intracardiac delivery. Nanoparticulate RALA/CMV-iNOS or RALA/hOC-iNOS increased median survival in mice bearing micrometastases by 27% compared with controls and also provoked elevated blood nitrite levels. Additionally, iNOS gene therapy sensitized MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H1 tumors to docetaxel treatment. Studies demonstrated that systemically delivered RALA-iNOS nanoparticles have therapeutic potential for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, detection of nitrite levels in the blood serves as a reliable biomarker of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Joanne McCaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Ahlam A Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Vicky L Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan A Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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23
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Black M, Barsoum IB, Truesdell P, Cotechini T, Macdonald-Goodfellow SK, Petroff M, Siemens DR, Koti M, Craig AWB, Graham CH. Activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint confers tumor cell chemoresistance associated with increased metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10557-67. [PMID: 26859684 PMCID: PMC4891140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction (immune escape) as well as their acquired resistance to anti-cancer drugs constitute important barriers to the successful management of cancer. Interaction between the Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of tumor cells with the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor on cytotoxic T lymphocytes leads to inactivation of these immune effectors and, consequently, immune escape. Here we show that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also leads to tumor cell resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Using a panel of PD-L1-expressing human and mouse breast and prostate cancer cell lines, we found that incubation of breast and prostate cancer cells in the presence of purified recombinant PD-1 resulted in resistance to doxorubicin and docetaxel as determined using clonogenic survival assays. Co-culture with PD-1-expressing Jurkat T cells also promoted chemoresistance and this was prevented by antibody blockade of either PD-L1 or PD-1 or by silencing of the PD-L1 gene. Moreover, inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis using anti-PD-1 antibody enhanced doxorubicin chemotherapy to inhibit metastasis in a syngeneic mammary orthotopic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. To further investigate the mechanism of tumor cell survival advantage upon PD-L1 ligation, we show that exposure to rPD-1 promoted ERK and mTOR growth and survival pathways leading to increased cell proliferation. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that combinations of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade may limit chemoresistance and progression to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Black
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivraym B Barsoum
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Truesdell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Margaret Petroff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew W B Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Sinha BK. Nitric oxide: Friend or Foe in Cancer Chemotherapy and Drug Resistance: A Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:244-251. [PMID: 31844487 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A successful treatment of cancers in the clinic has been difficult to achieve because of the emergence of drug resistant tumor cells. While various approaches have been tried to overcome multi-drug resistance, it has remained a major road block in achieving complete success in the clinic. Extensive research has identified various mechanisms, including overexpression of P-glycoprotein 170, modifications in activating or detoxification enzymes (phase I and II enzymes), and mutation and/or decreases in target enzymes in cancer cells. However, nitric oxide and/or nitric oxide-related species have not been considered an important player in cancer treatment and or drug resistance. Here, we examine the significance of nitric oxide in the treatment and resistance mechanisms of various anticancer drugs. Furthermore, we describe the significance of recently reported effects of nitric oxide on topoisomerases and the development of resistance to topoisomerase-poisons in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Jiang W, Chan CK, Weissman IL, Kim BYS, Hahn SM. Immune Priming of the Tumor Microenvironment by Radiation. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:638-645. [PMID: 28741502 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing irradiation can induce a multitude of alterations within the tumor microenvironment. Unlike targeted therapies, radiation delivered to the tumor bed can prompt phenotypic changes in both normal stromal and cancer cells, leading to molecular and physiological alterations within the tumor microenvironment. These environmental modulations directly influence the degree of immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment and may ultimately affect tumor responsiveness to cancer immunotherapies. Here we review the preclinical evidence for tumor microenvironment-mediated immune suppression and how radiation can modulate immune properties within a tumor. We then discuss the therapeutic opportunities for combining radiation with molecular agents to enhance tumor immunogenicity and how this represents a potential exciting strategy to complement immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Charles K Chan
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Stephen M Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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de Jong EEC, van Elmpt W, Leijenaar RTH, Hoekstra OS, Groen HJM, Smit EF, Boellaard R, van der Noort V, Troost EGC, Lambin P, Dingemans AMC. [18F]FDG PET/CT-based response assessment of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with paclitaxel-carboplatin-bevacizumab with or without nitroglycerin patches. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:8-16. [PMID: 27600280 PMCID: PMC5121177 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a vasodilating drug, which increases tumor blood flow and consequently decreases hypoxia. Therefore, changes in [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG PET) uptake pattern may occur. In this analysis, we investigated the feasibility of [18F]FDG PET for response assessment to paclitaxel-carboplatin-bevacizumab (PCB) treatment with and without NTG patches. And we compared the [18F]FDG PET response assessment to RECIST response assessment and survival. METHODS A total of 223 stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were included in a phase II study (NCT01171170) randomizing between PCB treatment with or without NTG patches. For 60 participating patients, a baseline and a second [18F]FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scan, performed between day 22 and 24 after the start of treatment, were available. Tumor response was defined as a 30 % decrease in CT and PET parameters, and was compared to RECIST response at week 6. The predictive value of these assessments for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed with and without NTG. RESULTS A 30 % decrease in SUVpeak assessment identified more patients as responders compared to a 30 % decrease in CT diameter assessment (73 % vs. 18 %), however, this was not correlated to OS (SUVpeak30 p = 0.833; CTdiameter30 p = 0.557). Changes in PET parameters between the baseline and the second scan were not significantly different for the NTG group compared to the control group (p value range 0.159-0.634). The CT-based (part of the [18F]FDG PET/CT) parameters showed a significant difference between the baseline and the second scan for the NTG group compared to the control group (CT diameter decrease of 7 ± 23 % vs. 19 ± 14 %, p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The decrease in tumoral FDG uptake in advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy with and without NTG did not differ between both treatment arms. Early PET-based response assessment showed more tumor responders than CT-based response assessment (part of the [18F]FDG PET/CT); this was not correlated to survival. This might be due to timing of the [18F]FDG PET shortly after the bevacizumab infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn E C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Wouter van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ralph T H Leijenaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van der Noort
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther G C Troost
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Fan J, He Q, Liu Y, Zhang F, Yang X, Wang Z, Lu N, Fan W, Lin L, Niu G, He N, Song J, Chen X. Light-Responsive Biodegradable Nanomedicine Overcomes Multidrug Resistance via NO-Enhanced Chemosensitization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13804-11. [PMID: 27213922 PMCID: PMC5233726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is responsible for the relatively low effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Herein, a nitric oxide (NO) gas-enhanced chemosensitization strategy is proposed to overcome MDR by construction of a biodegradable nanomedicine formula based on BNN6/DOX coloaded monomethoxy(polyethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA). On one hand, the nanomedicine features high biocompatibility due to the high density of PEG and biodegradable PLGA. On the other hand, the nanoformula exhibits excellent stability under physiological conditions but exhibits stimuli-responsive decomposition of BNN6 for NO gas release upon ultraviolet-visible irradiation. More importantly, after NO release is triggered, gas molecules are generated that break the nanoparticle shell and lead to the release of doxorubicin. Furthermore, NO was demonstrated to reverse the MDR of tumor cells and enhance the chemosensitization for doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Biological Target Diagnosis & Treatment Center, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qianjun He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Lepidium sativum seed powder in albino rats treated with 5-fluorouracil. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Steding CE. Creating chemotherapeutic-resistant breast cancer cell lines: advances and future perspectives. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1517-27. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance remains the most significant impediment to generating effective treatments for cancer. In the modern age of personalized medicine, it is of critical importance to understand the principles of both innate and acquired resistance to achieve the most effective therapeutic outcomes. Significant differences exist between cancer cells that exhibit innate resistance verses those that acquire resistance over time. Studying the acquisition of resistance is essential to obtaining a complete understanding of how treatments contribute to disease recurrence and progression. This review will evaluate the current understanding of chemotherapeutic resistance and its role in personalized medicine. This review will also explore how generating resistant cells in culture is essential to the development of improved cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Steding
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut St., Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
- The Department of Biology, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut St., Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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He J, Hu Y, Hu M, Zhang S, Li B. The relationship between the preoperative plasma level of HIF-1α and clinic pathological features, prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20586. [PMID: 26853843 PMCID: PMC4744929 DOI: 10.1038/srep20586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that hypoxia is the most common feature in all of solid tumor progression, thus it has become a central issue in tumor physiology and cancer treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) could make the tumor produce adaptive biological response to hypoxia and become more aggressive. In this paper, we used enzyme linked immune sorbent assay to detect the plasma level of HIF-1α in patients with NSCLC and healthy volunteers. The results indicated that the 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinomas is negatively correlated with the plasma level of HIF-1α and the 5-year survival rate of patients with low level of HIF-1α is higher than those with high level of HIF-1α. The plasma level of HIF-1α in patients with NSCLC is significantly higher than healthy volunteers. There is no significant correlation between the plasma level of HIF-1α and clinical features of NSCLC patients. In a word, there is no connection between the plasma level of HIF-1α and the clinical features of NSCLC patients as well as their prognosis. In stratified analysis, the plasma level of HIF-1α in patients with squamous cell carcinoma is associated with regional lymph node status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei He
- General department Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- General department Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingming Hu
- General department Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Colleague of Basic Medical Sciences (CBMS), Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian Liaoning Province, 116044, P.R. China
| | - Baolan Li
- General department Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, PR China
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Cortier M, Boina-Ali R, Racoeur C, Paul C, Solary E, Jeannin JF, Bettaieb A. H89 enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to glyceryl trinitrate through a purinergic receptor-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6877-86. [PMID: 25762630 PMCID: PMC4466656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High doses of the organic nitrate glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, are known to trigger apoptosis in human cancer cells. Here, we show that such a cytotoxic effect can be obtained with subtoxic concentrations of GTN when combined with H89, N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide.2HCl. This synergistic effect requires the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from H89 and NO from GTN treatment that causes cGMP production and PKG activation. Furthermore, the GTN/H89 synergy was attenuated by inhibition of P2-purinergic receptors with suramin and competition with ATP/UDP. By down-regulating genes with antisense oligonucleotides, P2-purinergic receptors P2X3, P2Y1, and P2Y6 were found to have a role in creating this cytotoxic effect. Thus, H89 likely acts as an ATP mimetic synergizing with GTN to trigger apoptosis in aggressive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cortier
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Rahamata Boina-Ali
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm UMR1009, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif F-94805, France.,University Paris-Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94800, France
| | - Jean-François Jeannin
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France.,EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
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Davidson A, Veillard AS, Tognela A, Chan MMK, Hughes BGM, Boyer M, Briscoe K, Begbie S, Abdi E, Crombie C, Long J, Boyce A, Lewis CR, Varma S, Broad A, Muljadi N, Chinchen S, Espinoza D, Coskinas X, Pavlakis N, Millward M, Stockler MR. A phase III randomized trial of adding topical nitroglycerin to first-line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer: the Australasian lung cancer trials group NITRO trial. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2280-6. [PMID: 26347110 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether the substantial benefits of topical nitroglycerin with first-line, platinum-based, doublet chemotherapy in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seen in a phase II trial could be corroborated in a rigorous, multicenter, phase III trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients starting one of five, prespecified, platinum-based doublets as first-line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC were randomly allocated treatment with or without nitroglycerin 25 mg patches for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days after, each chemotherapy infusion. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary end point. RESULTS Accrual was stopped after the first interim analysis of 270 events. Chemotherapy was predominantly with carboplatin and gemcitabine (79%) or carboplatin and paclitaxel (18%). The final analysis included 345 events in 372 participants with a median follow-up of 33 months. Topical nitroglycerin had no demonstrable effect on PFS [median 5.0 versus 4.8 months, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.32, P = 0.55], overall survival (median 11.0 versus 10.3 months, HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.79-1.24, P = 0.94), or objective tumor response (31% versus 30%, relative risk = 1.03, 95% CI 0.82-1.29, P = 0.81). Headache, hypotension, syncope, diarrhea, dizziness, and anorexia were more frequent in those allocated nitroglycerin. CONCLUSION The addition of topical nitroglycerin to carboplatin-based, doublet chemotherapy in NSCLC had no demonstrable benefit and should not be used or pursued further. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number ACTRN12608000588392.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davidson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth
| | - A-S Veillard
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - A Tognela
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - M M K Chan
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - B G M Hughes
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - M Boyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown
| | - K Briscoe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour
| | - S Begbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Port Macquarie Base Hospital, Port Macquarie
| | - E Abdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Tweed Hospital, Tweed Heads School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport
| | - C Crombie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nepean Cancer Care Centre, Kingswood
| | - J Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nambour General Hospital, Nambour
| | - A Boyce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore
| | - C R Lewis
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick
| | - S Varma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville
| | - A Broad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Geelong Hospital, Geelong
| | - N Muljadi
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - S Chinchen
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - D Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - X Coskinas
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - N Pavlakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards
| | - M Millward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Nedlands School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - M R Stockler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
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Sukhatme V, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme VP, Pantziarka P. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-nitroglycerin as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:568. [PMID: 26435741 PMCID: PMC4583240 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG), a drug that has been in clinical use for more than a century, has a range of actions which make it of particular interest in an oncological setting. It is generally accepted that the main mechanism of action of NTG is via the production of nitric oxide (NO), which improves cardiac oxygenation via multiple mechanisms including improved blood flow (vasodilation), decreased platelet aggregation, increased erythrocyte O2 release and decreased mitochondrial utilization of oxygen. Its vasoactive properties mean that it has the potential to exploit more fully the enhanced permeability and retention effect in delivering anti-cancer drugs to tumour tissues. Moreover NTG can reduce HIF-1α levels in hypoxic tumour tissues and this may have anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and anti-efflux effects. Additionally NTG may enhance anti-tumour immunity. Pre-clinical and clinical data on these anti-cancer properties of NTG are summarised and discussed. While there is evidence of a positive action as a monotherapy in prostate cancer, there are mixed results in NSCLC where initially positive results have yet to be fully replicated. Based on the evidence presented, a case is made that further exploration of the clinical benefits that may accrue to cancer patients is warranted. Additionally, it is proposed that NTG may synergise with a number of other drugs, including other repurposed drugs, and these are discussed in the supplementary material appended to this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton MA 02459, USA
- Corresponding authors
- Lead authors
| | | | - Lydie Meheus
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton MA 02459, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
- Corresponding authors
- Lead authors
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Zhu W, Xu B. Association of Pretreatment Anemia with Pathological Response and Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136268. [PMID: 26291454 PMCID: PMC4546363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia related to adjuvant chemotherapy might predict compromised survival in patients with breast cancer. The present population-based study was to investigate the correlation of pretreatment anemia with pathological response and long-term prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Methods From 1999 to 2011, a total of 655 patients with operable or locally advanced breast cancer who underwent NCT before definitive surgery were reviewed. The patients were subdivided into anemic (baseline hemoglobin (Hb)<12.0g/dL) and non-anemic (Hb≥12.0g/dL) groups. Comparison was made between anemic and non-anemic groups concerning the rate of pathological complete response (pCR), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Logistic and Cox regression models were utilized to determine the predictive value of pretreatment anemia in outcomes of patients undergoing NCT. Results 166 women (25.3%) were anemic before treatment. Patients in the anemic group were less likely to achieve pCR in NCT than their non-anemic counterparts (odds ratio (OR) 0.428, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.198–0.927, p = 0.031). Patients with baseline anemia displayed inferior 10-year RFS (59.1% vs 66.0%, p = 0.022 by log-rank), OS (75.3% vs 90.9%, p<0.001) and CSS (82.4% vs 94.4%, p<0.001) compared with those without. After adjustment for confounders, pretreatment anemia was demonstrated to correlate with elevated risk of relapse (hazard ratio (HR) 1.453, 95% CI 1.077–1.962, p = 0.015), cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.961, 95% CI 1.679–5.222, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 2.873, 95% CI 1.757–4.699, p<0.001). Conclusions Pretreatment anemia was associated with worse pathological response to NCT as well as survival status in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to identify optimal interventions and improve the prognosis of this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Mordente A, Silvestrini A, Martorana GE, Tavian D, Meucci E. Inhibition of Anthracycline Alcohol Metabolite Formation in Human Heart Cytosol: A Potential Role for Several Promising Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1691-701. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Hu J, Sun W, Duan X, Chen X. Hypoxia-mediated immune evasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3666-72. [PMID: 25573413 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the characteristics of human and animal tumors. To investigate the association between hypoxia and the immune evasion of cancer cells, the present study examined paraffin sections of pancreatic tissues from patients with pancreatic carcinoma, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue and established a series of PANC‑1 cell lines, which were cultured under various hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The results demonstrated that the expression of hypoxia‑inducible 1α (HIF‑1α) in pancreatic carcinoma was significantly higher compared with that in the chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissues, which revealed that a hypoxic microenvironment existed in pancreatic carcinoma. HIF‑1α was inversely correlated with major histocompatibility complex class I chain‑related (MIC) genes, which indicated that hypoxia was involved in tumor immune evasion. The cell experiments demonstrated that the mechanism involved shedding of the MIC from the membrane of the pancreatic carcinoma cells, which then formed soluble (s)MIC. The sMIC genes downregulated natural killer (NK) group 2, member D and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Depending on its activity, the nitric oxide‑cyclic guanosine monophosphate‑protein kinase G signaling pathway can either increase or inhibit immune evasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Ryu YK, Lee MH, Lee J, Lee JW, Jang SJ, Kang JH, Moon EY. γ-Irradiated cancer cells promote tumor growth by activation of Toll-like receptor 1-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:711-721. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0114-055r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
RT is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. However, tumor regrowth is a major limitation to RT as an antitumor treatment. In the present study, we investigated the tumor-promoting effects of high-dose (or ablative) RT treatments on tumor-bearing mice. We focused on the role of macrophages that interact with IR-CCs in the TME, which cause tumor regrowth. We observed that CT26(H-2d) tumor growth was enhanced by i.v. injection of IR-CT26 cells compared with NR control CT26 cells. The levels of iNOS gene expression and NO production from RAW264.7 macrophages (H-2d) in response to the interaction with IR-CT26 cells were higher than with NR-CT26 cells. When CT26 tumor-bearing mice were treated i.v. with L-NMMA, a NOS inhibitor, the reduction in in vivo tumor growth was higher in the IR-CT26-injected group compared with the NR-CT26-injected control group. In vivo CT26 tumor growth was decreased after transplanting PEM extracted from L-NMMA-treated, tumor-bearing mice. Although iNOS activity was reduced by inhibiting TLR1 expression with TLR1-siRNA, it was enhanced by TLR1 overexpression. Transcriptional activation and protein expression levels of iNOS were also decreased in the presence of TLR1-siRNA but increased as a result of TLR1 overexpression. These results demonstrate that postradiotherapeutic tumor regrowth may be caused by interaction of IR-CCs with macrophages that induce TLR1-mediated iNOS expression and NO production. Our data suggest that iNOS in macrophages could be a useful target to regulate postradiotherapeutic responses in hosts and subsequently limit tumor regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
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Branco-Price C, Evans CE, Johnson RS. Endothelial hypoxic metabolism in carcinogenesis and dissemination: HIF-A isoforms are a NO metastatic phenomenon. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2567-76. [PMID: 24318195 PMCID: PMC3926849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biology is a broad and encompassing field of research, particularly given recent demonstrations of the multicellular nature of solid tumors, which have led to studies of molecular and metabolic intercellular interactions that regulate cancer progression. Hypoxia is a broad stimulus that results in activation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Downstream HIF targets include angiogenic factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) and highly reactive molecules (e.g. nitric oxide, NO) that act as cell-specific switches with unique spatial and temporal effects on cancer progression. The effect of cell-specific responses to hypoxia on tumour progression and spread, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target metastatic disease, are currently under active investigation. Vascular endothelial remodelling events at tumour and metastatic sites are responsive to hypoxia, HIF activation, and NO signalling. Here, we describe the interactions between endothelial HIF and NO during tumor growth and spread, and outline the effects of endothelial HIF/NO signalling on cancer progression. In doing so, we attempt to identify areas of metastasis research that require attention, in order to ultimately facilitate the development of novel treatments that reduce or prevent tumour dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Branco-Price
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Barsoum IB, Koti M, Siemens DR, Graham CH. Mechanisms of hypoxia-mediated immune escape in cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7185-90. [PMID: 25344227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An important aspect of malignant progression is the acquired ability of tumor cells to avoid recognition and destruction by the immune system (immune escape). Clinical cancer progression is also associated with the development of tumor hypoxia, which is mechanistically linked to the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. Despite the well-established role of hypoxia in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and resistance to therapy, relatively few studies have examined the contribution of hypoxia to cancer immune escape. Accumulating evidence reveals that hypoxia can impair anticancer immunity by altering the function of innate and adaptive immune cells and/or by increasing the intrinsic resistance of tumor cells to the cytolytic activity of immune effectors. Here, we discuss certain aspects of the contribution of hypoxia to tumor immune escape and provide evidence for a novel role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the regulation of hypoxia-induced immune escape. Thus, we propose that activation of cGMP signaling in cancer cells may have important immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivraym B Barsoum
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Urology, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Department of Urology, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Liberio MS, Sadowski MC, Nelson CC, Davis RA. Identification of eusynstyelamide B as a potent cell cycle inhibitor following the generation and screening of an ascidian-derived extract library using a real time cell analyzer. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5222-39. [PMID: 25329705 PMCID: PMC4210896 DOI: 10.3390/md12105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians are marine invertebrates that have been a source of numerous cytotoxic compounds. Of the first six marine-derived drugs that made anticancer clinical trials, three originated from ascidian specimens. In order to identify new anti-neoplastic compounds, an ascidian extract library (143 samples) was generated and screened in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using a real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). This resulted in 143 time-dependent cell response profiles (TCRP), which are read-outs of changes to the growth rate, morphology, and adhesive characteristics of the cell culture. Twenty-one extracts affected the TCRP of MDA-MB-231 cells and were further investigated regarding toxicity and specificity, as well as their effects on cell morphology and cell cycle. The results of these studies were used to prioritize extracts for bioassay-guided fractionation, which led to the isolation of the previously identified marine natural product, eusynstyelamide B (1). This bis-indole alkaloid was shown to display an IC50 of 5 µM in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, 1 caused a strong cell cycle arrest in G2/M and induced apoptosis after 72 h treatment, making this molecule an attractive candidate for further mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Liberio
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
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Kumar A, Kant S, Singh SM. Targeting monocarboxylate transporter by α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate modulates apoptosis and cisplatin resistance of Colo205 cells: implication of altered cell survival regulation. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1574-85. [PMID: 23955790 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of in vitro exposure of Colo205, colonadenocarcinoma cells, to monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (αCHC) on cell survival and evolution of resistance to chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. αCHC-treated Colo205 cells showed inhibition of survival accompanied by an augmented induction of apoptosis. Changes in cell survival properties were associated with alterations in lactate efflux, pH homeostasis, expression of glucose transporters, glucose uptake, HIF-1α, generation of nitric oxide, expression pattern of some key cell survival regulatory molecules: Bcl2, Bax, active caspase-3 and p53. Pretreatment of Colo205 cells with αCHC also altered their susceptibility to the cytotoxicity of cisplatin accompanied by altered expression of multidrug resistance regulating MDR1 and MRP1 genes. This study for the first time deciphers some of the key molecular events underlying modulation of cell survival of cancer cells of colorectal origin by αCHC and its contribution to chemosensitization against cisplatin. Thus these findings will be of immense help in further research for optimizing the use of αCHC for improving the chemotherapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs like cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Farwell MD, Pryma DA, Mankoff DA. PET/CT imaging in cancer: current applications and future directions. Cancer 2014; 120:3433-45. [PMID: 24947987 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a radiotracer imaging method that yields quantitative images of regional in vivo biology and biochemistry. PET, now used in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) in PET/CT devices, has had its greatest impact to date on cancer and is now an important part of oncologic clinical practice and translational cancer research. In this review of current applications and future directions for PET/CT in cancer, the authors first highlight the basic principles of PET followed by a discussion of the biochemistry and current clinical applications of the most commonly used PET imaging agent, (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Then, emerging methods for PET imaging of other biologic processes relevant to cancer are reviewed, including cellular proliferation, tumor hypoxia, apoptosis, amino acid and cell membrane metabolism, and imaging of tumor receptors and other tumor-specific gene products. The focus of the review is on methods in current clinical practice as well as those that have been translated to patients and are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Shouman S, El-Demerdash E, Elgendy M, Abdel-Naim AB. Chloroquine synergizes sunitinib cytotoxicity via modulating autophagic, apoptotic and angiogenic machineries. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 217:28-40. [PMID: 24751611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Targeting RPL39 and MLF2 reduces tumor initiation and metastasis in breast cancer by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8838-43. [PMID: 24876273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described a gene signature for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) derived from patient biopsies. Selective shRNA knockdown identified ribosomal protein L39 (RPL39) and myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2) as the top candidates that affect BCSC self-renewal. Knockdown of RPL39 and MLF2 by specific siRNA nanoparticles in patient-derived and human cancer xenografts reduced tumor volume and lung metastases with a concomitant decrease in BCSCs. RNA deep sequencing identified damaging mutations in both genes. These mutations were confirmed in patient lung metastases (n = 53) and were statistically associated with shorter median time to pulmonary metastasis. Both genes affect the nitric oxide synthase pathway and are altered by hypoxia. These findings support that extensive tumor heterogeneity exists within primary cancers; distinct subpopulations associated with stem-like properties have increased metastatic potential.
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45
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Oronsky B, Fanger GR, Oronsky N, Knox S, Scicinski J. The implications of hyponitroxia in cancer. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:167-73. [PMID: 24731473 PMCID: PMC4101386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are spatially heterogeneous, with regions of relative hypoxia and normoxia. The tumor microenvironment is an important determinant of both tumor growth and response to a variety of cytotoxic and targeted therapies. In the tumor microenvironment, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) are important mediators of the level of expression of many transcription factors and signaling cascades that affect tumor growth and responses to therapy. The primary objective of this review is to explore and discuss the seemingly dichotomous actions of NO in cancer biology as both a tumor promoter and suppressor with an emphasis on understanding the role of persistently low NO concentrations or hyponitroxia as a key mediator in tumor progression. This review will also discuss the potential role of hyponitroxia as a novel therapeutic target to treat cancer and outline an approach that provides new opportunities for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Knox
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kumar A, Kant S, Singh SM. Antitumor and chemosensitizing action of dichloroacetate implicates modulation of tumor microenvironment: a role of reorganized glucose metabolism, cell survival regulation and macrophage differentiation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:196-208. [PMID: 24051182 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of tumor metabolism is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer. Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), has been shown to exert a potent tumoricidal action against a variety of tumor cells. The main mode of its antineoplastic action implicates a shift of glycolysis to oxidative metabolism of glucose, leading to generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen intermediates. However, the effect of DCA on tumor microenvironment, which in turn regulates tumor cell survival; remains speculative to a large extent. It is also unclear if DCA can exert any modulatory effect on the process of hematopoiesis, which is in a compromised state in tumor-bearing hosts undergoing chemotherapy. In view of these lacunas, the present study was undertaken to investigate the so far unexplored aspects with respect to the molecular mechanisms of DCA-dependent tumor growth retardation and chemosensitization. BALB/c mice were transplanted with Dalton's lymphoma (DL) cells, a T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin, followed by administration of DCA with or without cisplatin. DCA-dependent tumor regression and chemosensitization to cisplatin was found to be associated with altered repertoire of key cell survival regulatory molecules, modulated glucose metabolism, accompanying reconstituted tumor microenvironment with respect to pH homeostasis, cytokine balance and alternatively activated TAM. Moreover, DCA administration also led to an alteration in the MDR phenotype of tumor cells and myelopoietic differentiation of macrophages. The findings of this study shed a new light with respect to some of the novel mechanisms underlying the antitumor action of DCA and thus may have immense clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Jones LW, Fels DR, West M, Allen JD, Broadwater G, Barry WT, Wilke LG, Masko E, Douglas PS, Dash RC, Povsic TJ, Peppercorn J, Marcom PK, Blackwell KL, Kimmick G, Turkington TG, Dewhirst MW. Modulation of circulating angiogenic factors and tumor biology by aerobic training in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:925-37. [PMID: 23842792 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an effective adjunct therapy to attenuate the adverse side-effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early breast cancer. Whether AET interacts with the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy has received scant attention. We carried out a pilot study to explore the effects of AET in combination with neoadjuvant doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC+AET), relative to AC alone, on: (i) host physiology [exercise capacity (VO2 peak), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BA-FMD)], (ii) host-related circulating factors [circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEP) cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAF)], and (iii) tumor phenotype [tumor blood flow ((15)O-water PET), tissue markers (hypoxia and proliferation), and gene expression] in 20 women with operable breast cancer. AET consisted of three supervised cycle ergometry sessions/week at 60% to 100% of VO2 peak, 30 to 45 min/session, for 12 weeks. There was significant time × group interactions for VO2 peak and BA-FMD, favoring the AC+AET group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.07, respectively). These changes were accompanied by significant time × group interactions in CEPs and select CAFs [placenta growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-2], also favoring the AC+AET group (P < 0.05). (15)O-water positron emission tomography (PET) imaging revealed a 38% decrease in tumor blood flow in the AC+AET group. There were no differences in any tumor tissue markers (P > 0.05). Whole-genome microarray tumor analysis revealed significant differential modulation of 57 pathways (P < 0.01), including many that converge on NF-κB. Data from this exploratory study provide initial evidence that AET can modulate several host- and tumor-related pathways during standard chemotherapy. The biologic and clinical implications remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Jones
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3085, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Gieling RG, Parker CA, De Costa LA, Robertson N, Harris AL, Stratford IJ, Williams KJ. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity modifies the toxicity of doxorubicin and melphalan in tumour cells in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:360-9. [PMID: 23163664 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.736979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-regulated enzyme, overexpressed in many types of human cancer. CA IX is involved in pH homeostasis, contributing to extracellular acidification and tumourigenesis. Acidification of the extracellular milieu can impact upon cellular uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs by favouring weak acids (e.g. melphalan), but limiting access of weak bases (e.g. doxorubicin). We investigated whether alterations of CA IX activity affected anti-cancer drug uptake and toxicity. CA inhibitor acetazolamide (AZM) enhanced doxorubicin toxicity but reduced melphalan toxicity in cell lines that highly expressed CA IX under anoxic conditions (HT29 and MDA435 CA9/18). The toxicity changes reflected modification of passive drug uptake. AZM did not alter toxicity or uptake in cells with low CA IX activity (HCT116 and MDA435 EV1). AZM lowered intracellular pH in HT29 and MDA435 CA9/18 cells under anoxic conditions. CA IX activity has chemomodulatory properties and is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roben G Gieling
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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49
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Han JY, Nam BH, Kim HY, Yoon SJ, Kim HT, Lee JS. A randomized phase II study of irinotecan plus cisplatin versus irinotecan plus capecitabine with or without isosorbide-5-mononitrate in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2925-2930. [PMID: 22782331 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the efficacy of irinotecan/cisplatin (IP) versus irinotecan/capecitabine (IX) with or without isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) in chemo-naïve advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Initially, 74 patients were randomly assigned to either IP or IX. Given the potential benefits of ISMN on chemotherapy, the protocol was amended during the study. Subsequently, 72 patients were randomly assigned to either IP + ISMN or IX + ISMN. Patients were treated with predefined second-line therapies (docetaxel/capecitabine for IP or IP + ISMN, docetaxel/cisplatin for IX or IX + ISMN) when disease progressed. RESULTS A total of 146 received treatment. Response rate (RR), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 49%, 5.5 months, 14.5 months in IP; 33%, 3.3 months, 13.0 months in IP + ISMN; 30%, 4.3 months, 16.1 months in IX; and 25%, 3.4 months, 13.6 months in IX + ISMN, respectively. While IP arm showed a trend toward higher RR and longer PFS than IX arm, IX arm showed a trend toward longer OS than IP arm. No significant differences were observed between IP + ISMN and IX + ISMN. CONCLUSION IP showed better RR and PFS but no OS benefit when compared with IX. The addition of ISMN to IP or IX chemotherapy did not seem to improve the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Han
- Center for Lung Cancer; Center for Clinical Trial, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Nam
- Center for Clinical Trial, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - H T Kim
- Center for Lung Cancer; Center for Clinical Trial, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Li JZ, Gao W, Chan JYW, Ho WK, Wong TS. Hypoxia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ISRN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2012; 2012:708974. [PMID: 23762617 PMCID: PMC3671689 DOI: 10.5402/2012/708974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in most of the solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hypoxia reflects the imbalance between oxygen consumption by the rapidly proliferating cancer cells and the insufficient oxygen delivery due to poor vascularization and blood supply. The hypoxic microenvironment in the HNSCC contributes to the development of aggressive carcinoma phenotype with high metastatic rate, resistance to therapeutic agents, and higher tumor recurrence rates, leading to low therapeutic efficiency and poor outcome. To overcome the therapeutic resistance due to hypoxia and improving the prognosis of the HNSCC patients, many approaches have been examined in laboratory studies and clinical trials. In this short paper, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the resistance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in hypoxic condition. We also exploit the molecular mechanisms employed by the HNSCC cells to adapt the hypoxic condition and their tumorigenic role in head and neck, as well as the strategies to overcome hypoxia-induced therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zenghong Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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