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Deng C, Gao B, Wang T, Chang X, Xiao G, Xia Q, Pan H, Nie X. T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Hiding in Mature Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Proliferation: A Case Report and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3248. [PMID: 37892069 PMCID: PMC10605829 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To the best of the author's knowledge, studies of mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation associated with T lymphoblastic lymphoma were extremely rare in the literature. Here, we report a patient who underwent both mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation and T lymphoblastic lymphoma. With the findings of lymph node biopsy taken from the right cervical and inguinal regions, we identified eye-catching mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells that were considered to be responsible for this lesion at the beginning, until the immunostaining of Ki67 and TDT showed a small group of positive cells hiding in these plasmacytoid dendritic cells. A bone marrow biopsy was also performed on this patient. Microscopically, the hematopoietic tissue was almost completely replaced by lymphoblastoid cells with condensed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm, which were basically the same as those seen in the lymph nodes in morphology. However, there was no sign of plasmacytoid dendritic cells or Langerhans cells in the bone marrow biopsy. With the help of bone marrow biopsy, our final diagnosis of the lymph node was T lymphoblastic lymphoma coexisting with mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation. Although accumulations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells may occur in some infections or reactive lymphadenopathy, the presence of extensive nodules or infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells strongly reminds the pathologist to carefully evaluate the bone marrow or peripheral blood status of the patient to exclude a hidden myeloid or other neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaxiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (C.D.); (B.G.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (G.X.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (C.D.); (B.G.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (G.X.); (Q.X.)
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2
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Systems Drug Design for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and Advanced Bladder Cancer by Genome-Wide Microarray Data and Deep Learning Method with Drug Design Specifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213869. [PMID: 36430344 PMCID: PMC9692470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer worldwide. Due to the lack of understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms between muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and advanced bladder cancer (ABC) and the limitations of current treatments, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In this study, we utilized the systems biology method via genome-wide microarray data to explore the oncogenic mechanisms of MIBC and ABC to identify their respective drug targets for systems drug discovery. First, we constructed the candidate genome-wide genetic and epigenetic networks (GWGEN) through big data mining. Second, we applied the system identification and system order detection method to delete false positives in candidate GWGENs to obtain the real GWGENs of MIBC and ABC from their genome-wide microarray data. Third, we extracted the core GWGENs from the real GWGENs by selecting the significant proteins, genes and epigenetics via the principal network projection (PNP) method. Finally, we obtained the core signaling pathways from the corresponding core GWGEN through the annotations of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to investigate the carcinogenic mechanisms of MIBC and ABC. Based on the carcinogenic mechanisms, we selected the significant drug targets NFKB1, LEF1 and MYC for MIBC, and LEF1, MYC, NOTCH1 and FOXO1 for ABC. To design molecular drug combinations for MIBC and ABC, we employed a deep neural network (DNN)-based drug-target interaction (DTI) model with drug specifications. The DNN-based DTI model was trained by drug-target interaction databases to predict the candidate drugs for MIBC and ABC, respectively. Subsequently, the drug design specifications based on regulation ability, sensitivity and toxicity were employed as filter criteria for screening the potential drug combinations of Embelin and Obatoclax for MIBC, and Obatoclax, Entinostat and Imiquimod for ABC from their candidate drugs. In conclusion, we not only investigated the oncogenic mechanisms of MIBC and ABC, but also provided promising therapeutic options for MIBC and ABC, respectively.
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Alarcon NO, Jaramillo M, Mansour HM, Sun B. Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines—Antigen Discovery and Adjuvant Delivery Platforms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071448. [PMID: 35890342 PMCID: PMC9325128 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, vaccines have played a significant role in protecting public and personal health against infectious diseases and proved their great potential in battling cancers as well. This review focused on the current progress of therapeutic subunit vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Antigens and adjuvants are key components of vaccine formulations. We summarized several classes of tumor antigens and bioinformatic approaches of identification of tumor neoantigens. Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-targeting adjuvants and their targeted delivery platforms have been extensively discussed. In addition, we emphasized the interplay between multiple adjuvants and their combined delivery for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Ortega Alarcon
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Maddy Jaramillo
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-621-6420
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IFP35 Is a Relevant Factor in Innate Immunity, Multiple Sclerosis, and Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121325. [PMID: 34943240 PMCID: PMC8698480 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we focused on the emerging role of IFP35, a highly conserved leucine zipper protein from fish to humans, with a still unknown biological function. The considered literature indicates this protein as a key-pleiotropic factor reflecting JAK-STAT and DAMPs pathways activation in innate immunity-dependent inflammation, as well as in the physiology and general pathology of a wide range of phylogenetically distant organisms. These findings also indicate IFP35 as a biologically relevant molecule in human demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including Multiple Sclerosis, and other organ-specific chronic inflammatory disorders. Abstract Discovered in 1993 by Bange et al., the 35-kDa interferon-induced protein (IFP35) is a highly conserved cytosolic interferon-induced leucine zipper protein with a 17q12-21 coding gene and unknown function. Belonging to interferon stimulated genes (ISG), the IFP35 reflects the type I interferon (IFN) activity induced through the JAK-STAT phosphorylation, and it can homodimerize with N-myc-interactor (NMI) and basic leucine zipper transcription factor (BATF), resulting in nuclear translocation and a functional expression. Casein kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 Epinephelus coioides (EcLGP2) are thought to regulate IFP35, via the innate immunity pathway. Several in vitro and in vivo studies on fish and mammals have confirmed the IFP35 as an ISG factor with antiviral and antiproliferative functions. However, in a mice model of sepsis, IFP35 was found working as a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, which enhances inflammation by acting in the innate immune-mediated way. In human pathology, the IFP35 expression level predicts disease outcome and response to therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), reflecting IFN activity. Specifically, IFP35 was upregulated in Lupus Nephritis (LN), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and untreated MS. However, it normalized in the MS patients undergoing therapy. The considered data indicate IFP35 as a pleiotropic factor, suggesting it as biologically relevant in the innate immunity, general pathology, and human demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
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Herschke F, Li C, Zhu R, Han Q, Wu Q, Lu Q, Barale-Thomas E, De Jonghe S, Lin TI, De Creus A. JNJ-64794964 (AL-034/TQ-A3334), a TLR7 agonist, induces sustained anti-HBV activity in AAV/HBV mice via non-cytolytic mechanisms. Antiviral Res 2021; 196:105196. [PMID: 34718044 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
JNJ-64794964 (JNJ-4964/AL-034/TQ-A3334), an oral toll-like receptor 7 agonist, is being investigated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a condition with a high unmet medical need. The anti-hepatitis B (HBV) activity of JNJ-4964 was assessed preclinically in an adeno-associated virus vector expressing HBV (AAV/HBV) mouse model. Mice were treated orally with 2, 6 or 20 mg/kg of JNJ-4964 once-per-week for 12 weeks and then followed up for 4 weeks. At 6 mg/kg, a partial decrease in plasma HBV-DNA and plasma hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was observed, and anti-HBs antibodies and HBsAg-specific T cells were observed in 1/8 animals. At 20 mg/kg, plasma HBV-DNA and HBsAg levels were undetectable for all animals 3 weeks after start of treatment, with no rebound observed 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment was stopped. High anti-HBs antibody levels were observed until 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment was stopped. In parallel, HBsAg-specific immunoglobulin G-producing B cells and interferon-γ-producing CD4+ T cells were detected in the spleen. In 2/4 animals, liver HBV-DNA and HBV-RNA levels and liver hepatitis B core antigen expression dropped 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment-stop. In these animals, HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells were detectable. Throughout the study, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were observed, with no hepatocyte cell death (end of treatment and 4 weeks later) and minimal infiltrations of B and T cells into the liver, suggesting induction of cytokine-mediated, non-cytolytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Herschke
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Chris Li
- Janssen China R&D, Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Janssen China R&D, Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglin Han
- Janssen China R&D, Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Janssen China R&D, Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Janssen China R&D, Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Sandra De Jonghe
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tse-I Lin
- Janssen Biopharma, 260 E Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States
| | - An De Creus
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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Gaitanis G, Bassukas ID. A Review of Immunocryosurgery and a Practical Guide to Its Applications. Diseases 2021; 9:71. [PMID: 34698134 PMCID: PMC8544578 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocryosurgery is a minimally invasive combinational therapeutic procedure that has been designed, developed, and evaluated in the Dermatology Department of the University of Ioannina from 2004. In a fixed time protocol, this approach combines immune stimulatory therapy with imiquimod and cryosurgery, i.e., cryosurgery is applied during continuous imiquimod treatment. Laboratory findings in tissue and blood level credit the efficacy to the synergy of imiquimod and cryosurgery. The synergy has been established through clinical trials and the excellent feasibility and efficacy demonstrated in clinical practice. Immunocryosurgery has extensive proof of excellent efficacy, comparable to surgery, in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. It has also been evaluated in cases of Bowen's disease, keratoacanthoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, lentigo maligna, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with or without the addition of adjuvants. The aims of this review are to detail the immunocryosurgery protocol with the addition of daily practice clinical tips, compile data on the mechanism of action of immunocryosurgery, and delineate indications and possible future applications. Most of the available data originate from the treatment of BCC, of all histological types and localizations, and the principles reported mainly reflect on evidence related to the treatment of this common skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gaitanis
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Delc Clinique, 2502 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis D. Bassukas
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
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Odell E, Kujan O, Warnakulasuriya S, Sloan P. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Recognition, grading and clinical significance. Oral Dis 2021; 27:1947-1976. [PMID: 34418233 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological grading of epithelial dysplasia remains the principal laboratory method for assessing the risk of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Current views on the molecular pathogenesis and histological interpretation of the features of epithelial dysplasia are described, and the use of grading systems for epithelial dysplasia is discussed. Changes to the current 2017 WHO criteria for diagnosis are proposed with emphasis on the architectural features of epithelial dysplasia. The predictive values of three-grade and binary systems are summarised, and categories of epithelial dysplasia are reviewed, including lichenoid and verrucous lesions, keratosis of unknown significance, HPV-associated dysplasia, differentiated and basaloid epithelial dysplasia. The implications of finding epithelial dysplasia in an oral biopsy for clinical management are discussed from the pathologists' viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Odell
- King's College London and Head and Neck Pathology Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London and The WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Sloan
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Chief Histopathologist, AMLo Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine is an immunomodulatory biogenic amine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4447. [PMID: 34290243 PMCID: PMC8295276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is a major metabolic pathway utilized by several professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells to maintain immunological tolerance. Here we report that 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenamine (3-HKA) is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1/NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction. Overall, we propose that this biogenic amine is a crucial component of tryptophan-mediated immune tolerance. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine (3-HKA) is a metabolite deriving from a lateral pathway of tryptophan catabolism. Here the authors identify 3-HKA as a biogenic amine and show it has anti-inflammatory properties that can protect mice against psoriasis and nephrotoxic nephritis.
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Mombelli M, Hoschler K, Cavassini M, Pascual M, Manuel O. Seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine with topical imiquimod in immunocompromised patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Infect 2021; 83:354-360. [PMID: 34298035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod before intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) influenza vaccine in immunocompromised hosts is unknown. METHODS In this open-label randomized controlled trial, kidney transplant recipients (KT) and people living with HIV (PLWH) were randomized to receive IM trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine alone (IM), IM vaccine after topical imiquimod (imi+IM) or ID vaccine after topical imiquimod (imi+ID). Immunogenicity was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The primary outcome was vaccine response, defined as seroconversion to at least one viral strain at day 21. RESULTS Seventy patients (35 KT and 35 PLWH) received IM (24), imi+IM (22), or imi+ID (24) vaccine. Vaccine response was 61% (14/23) with IM, 59% (13/22) with imi+IM, and 65% (15/23) with imi+ID vaccine (P = 0.909). Vaccine response was associated with HIV infection compared to kidney transplantation (adjusted-OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.25 - 11.23, P = 0.019), but not with imiquimod application nor ID injection. After vaccination, seroprotection to all viral strains was 79% (19/24) with IM, 68% (15/22) with imi+IM, and 70% (16/23) with imi+ID (P = 0.657). We did not observe any vaccine-related severe adverse event. CONCLUSIONS In our study, topical imiquimod did not improve the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in KT and in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mombelli
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Katja Hoschler
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Del Guzzo CA, Kojadinovic A, Vinnakota RR, Geskin LJ, Newman JC, Langhoff E, Park YHA, Bates SE, Dana AN. Antibiotics and Imiquimod for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in Veterans: A Patient Population with Agent Orange Exposure. Oncologist 2021; 26:727-e1488. [PMID: 33851477 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED Staphylococcus aureus infection in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is thought to contribute to disease progression; thus, adjunctive treatment with antibiotics warrants further investigation. This trial of antibiotic therapy followed by imiquimod in early stage CTCL was not completed because of difficulties with patient accrual. BACKGROUND Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is a heterogeneous group of malignancies of mature memory T lymphocytes. It has an annual age-adjusted incidence of 7.5 per million persons in the U.S. population [1]. The etiology of CTCL is unknown, but epidemiological studies have reported potential associations with environmental and occupational factors, including Agent Orange exposure in Vietnam Veterans [2]. Both topical and systemic therapies have been identified as effective in CTCL; the choice of treatment is dependent on disease stage, with the overall goal of improving symptoms given the chronic and recurrent nature of the disease. Several studies have suggested that CTCL is exacerbated by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the skin and can be ameliorated by treatment with antibiotics [3]. METHODS Our study was designed to assess the effects of antibiotics and imiquimod on early stage CTCL. Patients between the ages of 30-89 years with stage I and II CTCL were eligible for enrollment. They could not be receiving concurrent therapy, and the study design included a 14-day washout period after discontinuation of CTCL therapy. The washout period was followed by doxycycline 100 mg p.o. b.i.d. for 14 days and then two packets (250 mg per packet) of imiquimod 5% cream topically to the most clinically active lesions 3 days a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 28 days. Skin lesions were measured using the modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT). RESULTS Our study enrolled only two patients with early stage CTCL because of difficulty locating patients with active CTCL able to discontinue all therapy. The two enrolled patients completed all therapy. One patient had a complete response after imiquimod, whereas the other patient had stable disease. CONCLUSION Antibiotics and imiquimod have reported activity as single agents in CTCL; we did not enroll enough patients to assess value in the sequence of antibiotic therapy followed by imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Del Guzzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arsenije Kojadinovic
- Hematology and Oncology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ravi R Vinnakota
- Department of Dermatology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Larisa J Geskin
- Departments of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica C Newman
- Department of Dermatology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Departments of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erik Langhoff
- Department of Nephrology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yeun-Hee A Park
- Hematology and Oncology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan E Bates
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ali N Dana
- Department of Dermatology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Departments of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Bellaire Dermatology, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kokcu A, Alper T, Ogur G, Akar OS, Kurtoglu Ozdes E, Altunkaynak BZ. Imiquimod Inhibits Proliferation of Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro: A Preliminary Study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-020-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, Cirnat N, Kassab I, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112238. [PMID: 32203790 PMCID: PMC7173040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal compartment and activate a specific signaling pathway in a MyD88-dependant manner. According to their involvement into various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases, researchers have designed diverse TLRs 7/8 ligands able to boost or block the inherent signal transduction. These modulators are often small synthetic compounds and most act as agonists and to a much lesser extent as antagonists. Some of them have reached preclinical and clinical trials, and only one has been approved by the FDA and EMA, imiquimod. The key to the success of these modulators probably lies in their combination with other therapies as recently demonstrated. We gather in this review more than 360 scientific publications, reviews and patents, relating the extensive work carried out by researchers on the design of TLRs 7/8 modulators, which are classified firstly by their biological activities (agonist or antagonist) and then by their chemical structures, which total syntheses are not discussed here. This review also reports about 90 clinical cases, thereby showing the biological interest of these modulators in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nour Bou Karroum
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Moarbess
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
| | - Natalina Cirnat
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Issam Kassab
- Tumorigenèse et Pharmacologie Antitumorale, Lebanese University, EDST, BP 90656, Fanar Jdeideh, Lebanon
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Liu J, Hu Y, Guo Q, Yu X, Shao L, Zhang C. Enhanced Anti-melanoma Efficacy of a Pim-3-Targeting Bifunctional Small Hairpin RNA via Single-Stranded RNA-Mediated Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2721. [PMID: 31849942 PMCID: PMC6902031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and aberrant expression of some proto-oncogenes are the main cause of melanoma development. We have constructed a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)–Pim-3–small hairpin RNA (shRNA) dual-function vector, which activates the toll-like receptor (TLR)7 to stimulate the antitumor immune response through ssRNA fragments and simultaneously silences the proto-oncogene Pim-3 to intensify apoptosis of the tumor cells via shRNA. Here, we found that therapy with the ssRNA-Pim-3-shRNA dual-function vector not only promotes the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells by inhibiting the expression of Pim-3 but also enhances the activation of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and simultaneously reduces the proportion of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Together, these features effectively inhibit the growth of melanoma. Intriguingly, the bifunctional therapeutic effect that reverses the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment is dependent on the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and the secretion of type I interferon (IFN). Our study suggests that ssRNA-Pim-3-shRNA dual-function therapy is expected to become a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma and other solid tumors with immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Leylek R, Idoyaga J. The versatile plasmacytoid dendritic cell: Function, heterogeneity, and plasticity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:177-211. [PMID: 31759431 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their identification as the natural interferon-producing cell two decades ago, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been attributed diverse functions in the immune response. Their most well characterized function is innate, i.e., their rapid and robust production of type-I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viruses. However, pDCs have also been implicated in antigen presentation, activation of adaptive immune responses and immunoregulation. The mechanisms by which pDCs enact these diverse functions are poorly understood. One central debate is whether these functions are carried out by different pDC subpopulations or by plasticity in the pDC compartment. This chapter summarizes the latest reports regarding pDC function, heterogeneity, cell conversion and environmentally influenced plasticity, as well as the role of pDCs in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leylek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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15
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A Distinct Pretreatment Immune Gene Signature in Lentigo Maligna Is Associated with Imiquimod Response. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:869-877.e16. [PMID: 31580843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM) is a common subtype of in situ melanoma on chronically sun-exposed skin, particularly the head and neck of older patients. Although surgery is the standard treatment, there is associated morbidity, and options such as imiquimod cream or radiotherapy may be used if surgery is refused or inappropriate. Complete response rates following imiquimod treatment are variable in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the host immune response both before and following treatment with imiquimod to better identify likely responders. Paired pre- and post-imiquimod treatment specimens were available for 27 patients. Patients were treated with imiquimod 5 days per week for 12 weeks; at 16 weeks, lesions were excised for histological assessment. Of the 27 patients, 16 were responders and 11 failed to clear the disease. PDL1 protein expression was increased, accompanied by a unique gene signature in lesions from patients that subsequently histologically cleared LM by 16 weeks. This comprised 57 upregulated immune genes in signaling networks for antigen presentation, type I interferon signaling, and T-cell activation. This may represent an early responder group to imiquimod, and this unique gene signature potentially can be used as a biomarker of LM response to imiquimod.
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16
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Ramelyte E, Dummer R, Guenova E. Investigative drugs for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL): an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:799-809. [PMID: 31398295 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1654995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of skin-homing T-cell neoplasms, which represent approximately 75% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common CTCL. Early stage disease follows a protracted course, carries a 5-year disease specific survival of 97% and can be treated with skin-directed therapies. Widespread, advanced disease has a 5-year OS of less than 25% and necessitates systemic treatment. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for advanced CTCL, however, transplant-related morbidity and mortality must be considered and a risk-benefit assessment performed on individual basis. Areas covered: Herein, we provide a review of investigative drugs in early-stage trials for the treatment of cutaneous CTCL, including topically applied immunomodulators such as replicating herpes virus or toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist resiquimod and systemic therapies with monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CD47, recombinant cytotoxic interleukin 2 fusion protein anti-KIR3DL2 antibody and anti-miR-155 antibody. Expert Opinion: Among the reviewed drugs, resiquimod shows promising clinical efficacy with good tolerability in early CTCL. In refractory or relapsed disease, intratumoral anti-CD47-, anti-CCR4- and anti-KIR3DL2-antibodies show high response rates, however, latter two also show considerable toxicity. Larger trials are needed to better evaluate the discussed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Ramelyte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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17
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Revisiting Imiquimod for Treatment of Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:807-814. [PMID: 31407190 PMCID: PMC6828915 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is an aggressive variant of mycosis fungoides (MF) characterized by infiltration of the hair follicle epithelium by neoplastic T cells. FMF demonstrates poor response rates to standard skin-directed therapies such as phototherapy and topical corticosteroids. Imiquimod, an immunomodulatory agent that stimulates the antitumor immune response, has been used successfully in treatment of early-stage MF. We report a 21-year-old patient with unilesional FMF who achieved clinical remission with imiquimod application. This case highlights a potential for use of imiquimod as a treatment option for patients with FMF and limited skin involvement.
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18
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Lee YS, Radford KJ. The role of dendritic cells in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:123-178. [PMID: 31810552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer. The potent ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses underpins the successful generation of anti-tumor immune responses. DCs are a heterogeneous leukocyte population comprised of distinct subsets that drive specific types of immune responses. Understanding how DCs induce tumor immune responses and the mechanisms adopted by tumors to evade DC surveillance is essential to render immunotherapies more effective. This review discusses current knowledge of the roles played by different DC subsets in human cancer and how these might be manipulated as new immunotherapeutics to improve CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses, with a particular focus on the conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Seng Lee
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Rozenblit M, Hendrickx W, Heguy A, Chiriboga L, Loomis C, Ray K, Darvishian F, Egeblad M, Demaria S, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D, Adams S. Transcriptomic profiles conducive to immune-mediated tumor rejection in human breast cancer skin metastases treated with Imiquimod. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8572. [PMID: 31189943 PMCID: PMC6561945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod is a topical toll-like-receptor-7 agonist currently used for treating basal cell carcinoma. Recently, imiquimod has demonstrated tumor regression in melanoma and breast cancer skin metastases. However, the molecular perturbations induced by imiquimod in breast cancer metastases have not been previously characterized. Here, we describe transcriptomic profiles associated with responsiveness to imiquimod in breast cancer skin metastases. Baseline and post-treatment tumor samples from patients treated with imiquimod in a clinical trial were profiled using Nanostring technology. Through an integrative analytic pipeline, we showed that tumors from patients who achieved a durable clinical response displayed a permissive microenvironment, substantiated by the upregulation of transcripts encoding for molecules involved in leukocyte adhesion and migration, cytotoxic functions, and antigen presentation. In responding patients, Imiquimod triggered a strong T-helper-1 (Th-1)/cytotoxic immune response, characterized by the coordinated upregulation of Th-1 chemokines, migration of Th-1 and cytotoxic T cells into the tumor, and activation of immune-effector functions, ultimately mediating tumor destruction. In conclusion, we have shown that topical imiquimod can induce a robust immune response in breast cancer metastases, and this response is more likely to occur in tumors with a pre-activated microenvironment. In this setting, imiquimod could be utilized in combination with other targeted immunotherapies to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Rozenblit
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karina Ray
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sylvia Adams
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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20
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Hasanzadeh M, Rezayi M, Maftouh M, Mehramiz M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Therapeutic potential of toll-like receptors in treatment of gynecological cancers. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:549-564. [PMID: 30729633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are expressed in various regions of the female reproductive tract, and their regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of gynecological lesions. There is growing evidence that ligands for several TLRs are potentially anticancer agents, some of which have already been approved by the FDA, and these compounds are now undergoing clinical evaluation. There is a rationale for using these ligands as adjuvants in the treatment or prevention of gynecological cancer. Some TLR agonists that are of potential interest in the treatment of gynecological lesions include imiquimod, motolimod, cervarix, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In this review, we outline the different functions of TLRs in gynecological cancer with particular emphasis on the value of TLR agonists as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gynecological cancer. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):549-564, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Chiang CLL, Kandalaft LE. In vivo cancer vaccination: Which dendritic cells to target and how? Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:88-101. [PMID: 30390423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The field of cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionized with the use of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies such as anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Significant clinical benefits are observed in different cancer types with these treatments. While considerable efforts are made in augmenting tumor-specific T cell responses with these therapies, other immunotherapies that actively stimulate endogenous anti-tumor T cells and generating long-term memory have received less attention. Given the high cost of cancer immunotherapies especially with chimeric antigen receptor T cells, not many patients will have access to such treatments. The next-generation of cancer immunotherapy could entail in vivo cancer vaccination to activate both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. This could potentially be achieved via in vivo targeting of dendritic cells which are an indispensable link between the innate and adaptive immunities. Dendritic cells highly expressed toll-like receptors for recognizing and eliminating pathogens. Synthetic toll-like receptors agonists could be synthesized at a low cost and have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials. As different subsets of human dendritic cells exist in the immune system, activation with different toll-like receptor agonists could exert profound effects on the quality and magnitude of anti-tumor T cell responses. Here, we reviewed the different subsets of human dendritic cells. Using published preclinical and clinical cancers studies available on PubMed, we discussed the use of clinically approved and emerging toll-like receptor agonists to activate dendritic cells in vivo for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we searched www.clinicaltrials.gov and summarized the active cancer trials evaluating toll-like receptor agonists as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Smilow Translational Research Center 8th Floor, 186B, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Nehmar R, Alsaleh G, Voisin B, Flacher V, Mariotte A, Saferding V, Puchner A, Niederreiter B, Vandamme T, Schabbauer G, Kastner P, Chan S, Kirstetter P, Holcmann M, Mueller C, Sibilia J, Bahram S, Blüml S, Georgel P. Therapeutic Modulation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Experimental Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2124-2135. [PMID: 28777892 DOI: 10.1002/art.40225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. This study was undertaken to explore the contribution of PDCs and type I IFNs to RA pathogenesis using various animal models of PDC depletion and to monitor the effect of localized PDC recruitment and activation on joint inflammation and bone damage. METHODS Mice with K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis, and human tumor necrosis factor transgene insertion were studied. Symptoms were evaluated by visual scoring, quantification of paw swelling, determination of cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histologic analysis. Imiquimod-dependent therapeutic effects were monitored by transcriptome analysis (using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and flow cytometric analysis of the periarticular tissue. RESULTS PDC-deficient mice showed exacerbation of inflammatory and arthritis symptoms after arthritogenic serum transfer. In contrast, enhancing PDC recruitment and activation to arthritic joints by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist imiquimod significantly ameliorated arthritis in various mouse models. Imiquimod induced an IFN signature and led to reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of imiquimod on joint inflammation and bone destruction are dependent on TLR-7 sensing by PDCs and type I IFN signaling. Our findings indicate that local recruitment and activation of PDCs represents an attractive therapeutic opportunity for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Nehmar
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Voisin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Antonia Puchner
- Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thierry Vandamme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Peggy Kirstetter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Mueller
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe Georgel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, and Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, OMICARE, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Li S, Wu J, Zhu S, Liu YJ, Chen J. Disease-Associated Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1268. [PMID: 29085361 PMCID: PMC5649186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also called natural interferon (IFN)-producing cells, represent a specialized cell type within the innate immune system. pDCs are specialized in sensing viral RNA and DNA by toll-like receptor-7 and -9 and have the ability to rapidly produce massive amounts of type 1 IFNs upon viral encounter. After producing type 1 IFNs, pDCs differentiate into professional antigen-presenting cells, which are capable of stimulating T cells of the adaptive immune system. Chronic activation of human pDCs by self-DNA or mitochondrial DNA contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosis and IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Under steady-state conditions, pDCs play an important role in immune tolerance. In many types of human cancers, recruitment of pDCs to the tumor microenvironment contributes to the induction of immune tolerance. Here, we provide a systemic review of recent progress in studies on the role of pDCs in human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Medrano RFV, Hunger A, Mendonça SA, Barbuto JAM, Strauss BE. Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of type I interferons and their application in cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71249-71284. [PMID: 29050360 PMCID: PMC5642635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the pleiotropic antitumor functions exerted by type I interferons (IFNs) have become universally acknowledged, especially their role in mediating interactions between the tumor and the immune system. Indeed, type I IFNs are now appreciated as a critical component of dendritic cell (DC) driven T cell responses to cancer. Here we focus on IFN-α and IFN-β, and their antitumor effects, impact on immune responses and their use as therapeutic agents. IFN-α/β share many properties, including activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and induction of a variety of cellular phenotypes. For example, type I IFNs drive not only the high maturation status of DCs, but also have a direct impact in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cell activation, induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of angiogenesis. A variety of stimuli, including some standard cancer treatments, promote the expression of endogenous IFN-α/β, which then participates as a fundamental component of immunogenic cell death. Systemic treatment with recombinant protein has been used for the treatment of melanoma. The induction of endogenous IFN-α/β has been tested, including stimulation through pattern recognition receptors. Gene therapies involving IFN-α/β have also been described. Thus, harnessing type I IFNs as an effective tool for cancer therapy continues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan F V Medrano
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, NUCEL-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ma H, Jin S, Yang W, Tian Z, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhou G, Zhao M, Gvetadze S, Zhang Z, Hu J. Interferon-α Promotes the Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:2384-2393. [PMID: 28819442 PMCID: PMC5560157 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: IFNα can stimulate an antitumor immune response and has a direct inhibition on cancer cells. This study is to test whether IFNα can activate dormant cancer stem cell (CSC) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to facilitate their elimination by chemotherapy. Materials and methods: Nude mouse transplantation tumor model was established and administrated with IFNα and saline. The influence on CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression under IFNα treatment was detected by in vivo experiments. Flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of CD44 and ALDH1A1 after INFa treatment in OSCC cell lines. Tumorsphere formation assay was conducted under incubation with IFNα for 2 weeks. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays was used to examine the IFNα-induced transcriptional regulation of CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression. That IFNα-primed enhanced killing effect of chemotherapy was evaluated by MTT and western blot. Results: IFNα transcriptionally activated the expression of CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression both in vivo and in vitro. IFNα-primed enhanced the cytotoxic inhibition effect of CDDP, erlotinib and nimotuzumab on OSCC cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that IFNα could be administrated to patients prior to chemotherapeutic drugs, which will facilitate the killing of cancer stem cells in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ma
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shufang Jin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhuowei Tian
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shalva Gvetadze
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Congenital Maxillofacial Defects and Deformations, Timura Frunze 16, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Hanna E, Abadi R, Abbas O. Imiquimod in dermatology: an overview. Int J Dermatol 2017; 55:831-44. [PMID: 27387373 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imiquimod is an immune response modifier commercially available as a 3.75 and 5% cream. Topical imiquimod stimulates the innate and adaptive immune responses and induces cytokine production. This allows its use for the treatment of a wide variety of benign and malignant skin conditions due to its potential antiviral, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. Currently, topical imiquimod is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of anogenital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinomas. However, it has also shown a beneficial effect in the treatment of many other skin disorders. In this review, we describe existing evidence on the mechanism of action of topical imiquimod, its FDA-approved indications, off-label uses, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Hanna
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Abadi
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lewis DJ, Byekova YA, Emge DA, Duvic M. Complete resolution of mycosis fungoides tumors with imiquimod 5% cream: a case series. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017. [PMID: 28635518 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1294728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod for mycosis fungoides (MF) tumors. BACKGROUND Treatment of tumor-stage MF represents a therapeutic challenge because of a limited number of effective topical therapies. Single tumors can be treated with localized radiation but may recur. Systemic therapies are also an option but are associated with serious adverse effects. Imiquimod is a topical agent whose efficacy has been documented in treating MF patches and plaques as well as one case of tumor-stage disease. METHODS We present two stage IIB MF patients, including one with large cell transformation, whose tumors were treated with imiquimod 5% cream after failing prior therapies. RESULTS The MF tumors in both patients demonstrated a complete response to imiquimod 5% cream without recurrence over 8 years and 2 years of follow-up, respectively. One patient experienced application site irritation and flu-like symptoms as adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Our case series is only the second report in the literature demonstrating complete resolution of MF tumors with topical imiquimod. An additional therapeutic option for tumor-stage MF, imiquimod may represent an effective alternative to localized radiation for isolated MF tumors and warrants further investigation in the treatment of various stages of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lewis
- a School of Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Dermatology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yevgeniya A Byekova
- c Department of Dermatology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Drew A Emge
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- b Department of Dermatology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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The Immunomodulatory Small Molecule Imiquimod Induces Apoptosis in Devil Facial Tumour Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168068. [PMID: 27936237 PMCID: PMC5148113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is threatened by devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). This transmissible cancer is usually fatal, and no successful treatments have been developed. In human studies, the small immunomodulatory molecule imiquimod is a successful immunotherapy, activating anti-tumour immunity via stimulation of toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) signaling pathways. In addition, imiquimod is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human tumour cell lines via TLR7 independent mechanisms. Here we investigate the potential of imiquimod as a DFTD therapy through analysis of treated DFTD cell lines and Tasmanian devil fibroblasts. WST-8 proliferation assays and annexin V apoptosis assays were performed to monitor apoptosis, and changes to the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were analysed using qRT-PCR. Our results show that DFTD cell lines, but not Tasmanian devil fibroblasts, are sensitive to imiquimod-induced apoptosis in a time and concentration dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis was accompanied by down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and BCLXL genes, and up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic BIM gene. Continuous imiquimod treatment was required for these effects to occur. These results demonstrate that imiquimod can deregulate DFTD cell growth and survival in direct and targeted manner. In vivo, this may increase DFTD vulnerability to imiquimod-induced TLR7-mediated immune responses. Our findings have improved the current knowledge of imiquimod action in tumour cells for application to both DFTD and human cancer therapy.
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Coati I, Miotto S, Zanetti I, Alaibac M. Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3655-3661. [PMID: 27900049 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRs also recognize endogenous molecules, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are derived from damaged cells. PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors, C-type lectin receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors. To date, 10 TLRs have been identified in humans and each receptor responds to a different ligand. The recognition of PAMPS or DAMPs by TLRs leads to the activation of signaling pathways and cellular responses with subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine release, phagocytosis and antigen presentation. In the human skin, TLRs are expressed by keratinocytes and melanocytes: The main cells from which skin cancers arise. TLRs 1-6 and 9 are expressed in keratinocytes, while TLRs 2-5, 7, 9 and 10 have been identified in melanocytes. It is hypothesized that TLRs may present a target for melanoma therapies. In this review, the involvement of TLRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Coati
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Serena Miotto
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Irene Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
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Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell role in cutaneous malignancies. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:3-9. [PMID: 27236509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. Through their production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, pDCs provide anti-viral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the function of myeloid DCs, lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. While lacking from normal skin, pDCs are usually recruited to the skin in several cutaneous pathologies where they appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious, inflammatory/autoimmune, and neoplastic entities. Among the latter group, pDCs have the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity; however, the complex interaction of pDCs with tumor cells and their micro-environment appears to contribute to immunologic tolerance. In this review, we aim at highlighting the role played by pDCs in cutaneous malignancies with special emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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Vinter H, Kragballe K, Steiniche T, Gaestel M, Iversen L, Johansen C. Tumour necrosis factor-α plays a significant role in the Aldara-induced skin inflammation in mice. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:1011-21. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Vinter
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; P. P. Oerumsgade 11 Building 15B DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - K. Kragballe
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; P. P. Oerumsgade 11 Building 15B DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - T. Steiniche
- Department of Pathology; Aarhus University Hospital; Tage Hansens Gade 2; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - M. Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry; Hannover Medical University; 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - L. Iversen
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; P. P. Oerumsgade 11 Building 15B DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - C. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; P. P. Oerumsgade 11 Building 15B DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from skin-homing or resident T cells. Effective treatments are limited, thus new therapies are in development to address the unmet medical need. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies uncovering the genetic alteration in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma have enhanced our understanding of the importance of the T-cell activation/survival pathways, dysregulated immune system, and the relevance of chromatin modification in the pathogenesis of CTCL. New advances in cancer immunomodulation such as with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and novel targeted antitumor therapies such as brentuximab vedotin and mogamulizumab as well as potential combination strategies are promising for improving clinical efficacy with manageable toxicity profile. SUMMARY All these new therapeutic approaches have resulted in broadening the treatment landscape and a potential paradigm shift in the management of CTCL.
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Topical resiquimod can induce disease regression and enhance T-cell effector functions in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2015; 126:1452-61. [PMID: 26228486 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-630335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a skin-limited lymphoma with no cure aside from stem cell transplantation. Twelve patients with stage IA-IIA CTCL were treated in a phase 1 trial of 0.03% and 0.06% topical resiquimod gel, a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist. Treated lesions significantly improved in 75% of patients and 30% had clearing of all treated lesions. Resiquimod also induced regression of untreated lesions. Ninety-two percent of patients had more than a 50% improvement in body surface area involvement by the modified Severity-Weighted Assessment Tool analysis and 2 patients experienced complete clearing of disease. Four of 5 patients with folliculotropic disease also improved significantly. Adverse effects were minor and largely skin limited. T-cell receptor sequencing and flow cytometry studies of T cells from treated lesions demonstrated decreased clonal malignant T cells in 90% of patients and complete eradication of malignant T cells in 30%. High responses were associated with recruitment and expansion of benign T-cell clones in treated skin, increased skin T-cell effector functions, and a trend toward increased natural killer cell functions. In patients with complete or near eradication of malignant T cells, residual clinical inflammation was associated with cytokine production by benign T cells. Fifty percent of patients had increased activation of circulating dendritic cells, consistent with a systemic response to therapy. In summary, topical resiquimod is safe and effective in early-stage CTCL and the first topical therapy to our knowledge that can induce clearance of untreated lesions and complete remissions in some patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT813320.
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Rossi AH, Farias A, Fernández JE, Bonomi HR, Goldbaum FA, Berguer PM. Brucella spp. Lumazine Synthase Induces a TLR4-Mediated Protective Response against B16 Melanoma in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126827. [PMID: 25973756 PMCID: PMC4431812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella Lumazine Synthase (BLS) is a highly immunogenic decameric protein which can accept the fusion of foreign proteins at its ten N-termini. These chimeras are very efficient to elicit systemic and oral immunity without adjuvants. BLS signaling via Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. In this work we study the effect induced by BLS in TLR4-expressing B16 melanoma. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of BLS as a preventive vaccine, C57BL/6J mice were immunized with BLS or BLS-OVA, and 35 days later were subcutaneously inoculated with B16-OVA melanoma. BLS or BLS-OVA induced a significant inhibition of tumor growth, and 50% of mice immunized with the highest dose of BLS did not develop visible tumors. This effect was not observed in TLR4-deficient mice. For treatment experiments, mice were injected with BLS or BLS-OVA 2 days after the inoculation of B16 cells. Both treatments induced significant and equal tumor growth delay and increased survival. Moreover, BLS and BLS-OVA stimulation were also effective in TLR4-deficient mice. In order to study whether BLS has a direct effect on tumor cells, B16 cells were preincubated with BLS, and after 48h, cells were inoculated. Tumors induced by BLS-stimulated cells had inhibited growth and survival was increased. In the BLS group, 40% of mice did not develop tumors. This effect was abolished by the addition of TLR4/MD2 blocking antibody to cells before BLS stimulation. Our work demonstrates that BLS immunization induces a preventive antitumor response that depends on mice TLR4. We also show that BLS generates a therapeutic effect in mice inoculated with B16 cells. Our results show that BLS acts directly in cultured tumor cells via TLR4, highly suggesting that BLS elicits its therapeutic effects acting on the TLR4 from B16 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H. Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Farias
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier E. Fernández
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán R. Bonomi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Goldbaum
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M. Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Farnebo L, Shahangian A, Lee Y, Shin JH, Scheeren FA, Sunwoo JB. Targeting Toll-like receptor 2 inhibits growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9897-907. [PMID: 25846753 PMCID: PMC4496405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection-driven inflammation has been proposed to be involved in the tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oral HNSCC is often colonized with microbes such as gram-positive bacteria and yeast, where ligands derived from their wall components have been shown to specifically bind to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Although TLR2 has been described to be expressed in oral HNSCC, its function has not been well characterized. Here, we show the expression of TLR2 in both HNSCC cell lines and primary patient-derived HNSCC xenograft tumors. Activation of TLR2 with a yeast-derived ligand of TLR2, zymosan, promoted organoid formation in an ex vivo model of tumor growth, while blockade with anti-TLR2 antibodies inhibited organoid formation. Zymosan also induced phosphorylation of ERK and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, which was inhibited in the presence of anti-TLR2 antibodies, indicating that this receptor is functional in HNSCC and that the signaling through these pathways is intact. TLR2 blockade also inhibited growth of human xenografted tumors in immunodeficient mice. In summary, our data show that TLR2 is a functional receptor expressed in human HNSCC that plays a direct pro-tumorigenic role, and that it can be therapeutically targeted with blocking antibodies to reduce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Farnebo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arash Shahangian
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunqin Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ferenc A. Scheeren
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B. Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Lombardi VC, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, a role in neoplastic prevention and progression. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45 Suppl 1:1-8. [PMID: 25524580 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifunctional bone-marrow-derived immune cells that are key players in bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation of pDCs through toll-like receptor agonists has proven to be an effective treatment for some neoplastic disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this mini-review, we will explore the fascinating contribution of pDCs to neoplastic pathology and discuss their potential utilization in cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS Current research suggests that pDCs have cytotoxic potential and can effectively induce apoptosis of tumour-derived cells lines. They are also reported to display tolerogenic function with the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation, analogous to regulatory T cells. In this capacity, they are critical in the suppression of autoimmunity but can be exploited by tumour cells to circumvent the expansion of tumour-specific T cells, thereby allowing tumours to persist. CONCLUSION Several forms of skin cancer are successfully treated with the topical drug Imiquimod, which activates pDCs through toll-like receptor 7 engagement. Additionally, pDC-based anticancer vaccines have shown encouraging results for the treatment of melanoma in early trials. Future studies regarding the contributions of pDCs to malignancy will likely afford many opportunities for immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
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Abou Rahal J, Kurban M, Kibbi AG, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in alopecia areata: missing link? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 30:119-23. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Abou Rahal
- Dermatology Department; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - M. Kurban
- Dermatology Department; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - A.-G. Kibbi
- Dermatology Department; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - O. Abbas
- Dermatology Department; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
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Vinter H, Iversen L, Steiniche T, Kragballe K, Johansen C. Aldara®-induced skin inflammation: studies of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:345-53. [PMID: 24980460 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of Aldara(®) cream containing 5% imiquimod stimulates Toll-like receptor 7/8 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, thereby producing a potent immunomodulatory effect. This has been reported to trigger psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To establish a human model of Aldara-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in patients with psoriasis. METHODS Nonlesional psoriatic skin of 13 patients was treated with Aldara for 2 or 7 days. The skin was evaluated clinically and histologically on days 2, 4 and 7. Cytokine expression in Aldara-treated, lesional and nonlesional psoriatic skin was compared using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Nine of the 10 patients receiving application of Aldara under occlusion for 2 days developed redness, induration and scaling. Histological analysis revealed focal parakeratosis, acanthosis and perivascular mononuclear infiltration. On days 4 and 7 both clinical and histological signs of inflammation subsided. Two of the three patients treated with Aldara for 7 days developed erosions leading to psoriasis on day 21. Cytokine markers of activation of the innate immune system [interferon-α, interferon regulatory factor-7 and interleukin (IL)-1β] were equally expressed in lesional and Aldara-treated skin (n = 6). IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were preferentially expressed in Aldara-treated skin. Adaptive immune system activation occurred only partially: IL-23p19 and IL-22 were similarly overexpressed in Aldara-treated and lesional psoriatic skin, but IL-17A and IL-12p40 were significantly underexpressed in Aldara-treated skin compared with lesional psoriatic skin. IL-10 was significantly overexpressed in Aldara-treated skin. CONCLUSIONS We were able to induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation although typical psoriasis did not develop, possibly due to incomplete adaptive immune system recruitment and the powerful stimulation of IL-10 counter-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vinter
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
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Recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to skin regulates treatment responsiveness of actinic keratosis to imiquimod. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 76:67-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) promote an immunosuppressive milieu that drives tumor growth in melanoma. This phenomenon typically results from the lack of appropriate pDC activation signals in the tumor microenvironment, but it is also actively controlled by tumor cells, which have evolved strategies to inhibit type I IFN production by pDCs. In this issue, Camisaschi et al. identify a new mechanism in which tumors avoid type I IFN production by triggering LAG-3-dependent activation of pDCs. Combination therapies that restore pDC functionality and trigger innate activation to produce type I IFN should be envisaged to induce effective antitumor immunity.
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells suppress HIV-1 replication but contribute to HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004291. [PMID: 25077616 PMCID: PMC4117636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis remains unclear. HIV-1 infection in the humanized mouse model leads to persistent HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis, including type I interferons (IFN-I) induction, immune-activation and depletion of human leukocytes, including CD4 T cells. We developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically depletes human pDC in all lymphoid organs in humanized mice. When pDC were depleted prior to HIV-1 infection, the induction of IFN-I and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were abolished during acute HIV-1 infection with either a highly pathogenic CCR5/CXCR4-dual tropic HIV-1 or a standard CCR5-tropic HIV-1 isolate. Consistent with the anti-viral role of IFN-I, HIV-1 replication was significantly up-regulated in pDC-depleted mice. Interestingly, the cell death induced by the highly pathogenic HIV-1 isolate was severely reduced in pDC-depleted mice. During chronic HIV-1 infection, depletion of pDC also severely reduced the induction of IFN-I and ISGs, associated with elevated HIV-1 replication. Surprisingly, HIV-1 induced depletion of human immune cells including T cells in lymphoid organs, but not the blood, was reduced in spite of the increased viral replication. The increased cell number in lymphoid organs was associated with a reduced level of HIV-induced cell death in human leukocytes including CD4 T cells. We conclude that pDC play opposing roles in suppressing HIV-1 replication and in promoting HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis. These findings suggest that pDC-depletion and IFN-I blockade will provide novel strategies for treating those HIV-1 immune non-responsive patients with persistent immune activation despite effective anti-retrovirus treatment.
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Boltjes A, van Wijk F. Human dendritic cell functional specialization in steady-state and inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:131. [PMID: 24744755 PMCID: PMC3978316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) represent a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that are crucial in initiating and shaping immune responses. Although all DC are capable of antigen-uptake, processing, and presentation to T cells, DC subtypes differ in their origin, location, migration patterns, and specialized immunological roles. While in recent years, there have been rapid advances in understanding DC subset ontogeny, development, and function in mice, relatively little is known about the heterogeneity and functional specialization of human DC subsets, especially in tissues. In steady-state, DC progenitors deriving from the bone marrow give rise to lymphoid organ-resident DC and to migratory tissue DC that act as tissue sentinels. During inflammation additional DC and monocytes are recruited to the tissues where they are further activated and promote T helper cell subset polarization depending on the environment. In the current review, we will give an overview of the latest developments in human DC research both in steady-state and under inflammatory conditions. In this context, we review recent findings on DC subsets, DC-mediated cross-presentation, monocyte-DC relationships, inflammatory DC development, and DC-instructed T-cell polarization. Finally, we discuss the potential role of human DC in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Boltjes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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44
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Dummer R, Karpova MB, Barysch MJ. Basal cell carcinomas: molecular abnormalities and molecularly targeted therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tanaka N, Ohata C, Ishii N, Imamura K, Ueda A, Furumura M, Yasumoto S, Kawakami T, Tsuruta D, Hashimoto T. Comparative study for the effect of photodynamic therapy, imiquimod immunotherapy and combination of both therapies on 40 lesions of actinic keratosis in Japanese patients. J Dermatol 2013; 40:962-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Chika Ohata
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Kazuko Imamura
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Minao Furumura
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yasumoto
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Tamihiro Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
- Department of Dermatology; St Marianna University School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Kurume Japan
- Department of Dermatology; St Marianna University School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
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46
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Walter A, Schäfer M, Cecconi V, Matter C, Urosevic-Maiwald M, Belloni B, Schönewolf N, Dummer R, Bloch W, Werner S, Beer HD, Knuth A, van den Broek M. Aldara activates TLR7-independent immune defence. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1560. [PMID: 23463003 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldara is a cream used for topical treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, and is thought to act through stimulation of anti-tumour immunity. The active ingredient, imiquimod, has been shown to stimulate toll-like receptor 7. Aldara also induces psoriasis-like lesions when applied to naive murine skin, and as such is used as a mouse model for psoriasis. Here we find that in naive murine skin, Aldara induces inflammation largely independently of toll-like receptor 7. Surprisingly, inflammasome activation, keratinocyte death and interleukin 1 release also occur in response to the vehicle cream in the absence of imiquimod. We show that isostearic acid, a major component of the vehicle, promotes inflammasome activation in cultured keratinocytes, and so may contribute to the observed effects of Aldara on murine skin. Aldara therefore stimulates at least two immune pathways independently, and both imiquimod and vehicle are required for a full inflammatory response. Although it remains to be tested, it is possible that imiquimod-independent effects also contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of Aldara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Walter
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Understanding dendritic cells and their role in cutaneous carcinoma and cancer immunotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:624123. [PMID: 23606870 PMCID: PMC3625554 DOI: 10.1155/2013/624123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) represent a diverse group of professional antigen-presenting cells that serve to link the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their capacity to initiate a robust and antigen-specific immune response has made them the ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapies. To date, the clinical impact of DC immunotherapy has been limited, which may, in part, be explained by the complex nature of DC biology. Multiple distinct subsets of DCs have been identified in the skin, where they can be broadly subcategorized into epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), myeloid-derived dermal dendritic cells (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Each subset is functionally unique and may activate alternate branches of the immune system. This may be relevant for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, where we have shown that the tumor microenvironment may preferentially suppress the activity of mDCs, while LCs remain potent stimulators of immunity. Here, we provide an in depth analysis of DC biology, with a particular focus on skin DCs and their role in cutaneous carcinoma. We further explore the current approaches to DC immunotherapy and provide evidence for the targeting of LCs as a promising new strategy in the treatment of skin cancer.
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Nakamura T, Wada H, Kurebayashi H, McInally T, Bonnert R, Isobe Y. Synthesis and evaluation of 8-oxoadenine derivatives as potent Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with high water solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:669-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Sisirak V, Faget J, Gobert M, Goutagny N, Vey N, Treilleux I, Renaudineau S, Poyet G, Labidi-Galy SI, Goddard-Leon S, Durand I, Le Mercier I, Bajard A, Bachelot T, Puisieux A, Puisieux I, Blay JY, Ménétrier-Caux C, Caux C, Bendriss-Vermare N. Impaired IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells favors regulatory T-cell expansion that may contribute to breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5188-97. [PMID: 22836755 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration and dysfunction of immune cells have been documented in many types of cancers. We previously reported that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) within primary breast tumors correlate with an unfavorable prognosis for patients. The role of pDC in cancer remains unclear but they have been shown to mediate immune tolerance in other pathophysiologic contexts. We postulated that pDC may interfere with antitumor immune response and favor tolerance in breast cancer. The present study was designed to decipher the mechanistic basis for the deleterious impact of pDC on the clinical outcome. Using fresh human breast tumor biopsies (N = 60 patients), we observed through multiparametric flow cytometry increased tumor-associated (TA) pDC (TApDC) rates in aggressive breast tumors, i.e., those with high mitotic index and the so-called triple-negative breast tumors (TNBT). Furthermore, TApDC expressed a partially activated phenotype and produced very low amounts of IFN-α following toll-like receptor activation in vitro compared with patients' blood pDC. Within breast tumors, TApDC colocalized and strongly correlated with TA regulatory T cells (TATreg), especially in TNBT. Of most importance, the selective suppression of IFN-α production endowed TApDC with the unique capacity to sustain FoxP3(+) Treg expansion, a capacity that was reverted by the addition of exogenous IFN-α. These findings indicate that IFN-α-deficient TApDC accumulating in aggressive tumors are involved in the expansion of TATreg in vivo, contributing to tumor immune tolerance and poor clinical outcome. Thus, targeting pDC to restore their IFN-α production may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to overcome immune tolerance in breast cancer.
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