The Impact of COVID-19 Among Black Girls: A Social-Ecological Perspective

COVID-19 Stress and Coping Among Black Youth: The Role of Socio-Emotional Community Mentor Support

This study examined associations between COVID-19 stress and the utilization of engaged and disengaged coping responses among diverse Black youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the role of mentor social-emotional support was tested as a moderator of these associations. Participants were 1232 youth ages 11 to 18 year old from the United States who identified as Black/African American. Analyses indicated that COVID-19 stress was positively associated with both engaged and disengaged coping. Results also showed a significant interaction between COVID-19 stress and mentor social-emotional support in the prediction of engaged coping, such that COVID-19 stress positively predicted engaged coping more pronouncedly at lower levels of mentor support than at higher levels of mentor support. Similarly, there was also a significant interaction between COVID-19 stress and mentor social-emotional support in predicting disengaged coping, such that at low levels of mentor support, COVID-19 stress was marginally associated with disengaged coping. At high levels of mentor support, COVID-19 stress was no longer significantly associated with disengaged coping. The current study highlights that the social-emotional support of mentors can attend to the psychosocial strengths of Black youth even in the face of concurrent, ongoing stressors.

Sexual and reproductive health guidelines for Black girls: a call to action

OBJECTIVE

Black girls disproportionately face adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes in their lifetime. In healthcare, Black girls experience racism and misogyny, which manifest as a combination of discriminatory practices and biases that result in their symptoms being dismissed or neglected, their voices silenced, inadequate treatment, and higher mortality rates. Pediatric providers are in an ideal position to influence, advocate, and strengthen Black girls' sexual and reproductive health. The purpose of this topical review is to discuss current guidelines and provide recommendations to improve pediatric sexual and reproductive care for Black girls.

METHODS

We examine current pediatric guidelines and recommendations for adolescent sexual and reproductive health.

RESULTS

Current guidelines recommended by organizations and professional societies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, Society of Adolescent Health Medicine, and American Academy of Pediatrics are inconsistent and insufficient for the unique needs of Black girls.

CONCLUSIONS

We offer three recommendations for pediatric providers to ensure the optimal sexual and reproductive health care for Black girls. These provider recommendations will aid in the protection of Black girls' sexual and reproductive health.

Community Teens' COVID-19 Experience: Implications for Engagement Moving Forward

Data collected from pediatric primary care settings during the pandemic suggest an increase in internalizing symptoms and disparities in care based upon minoritized identity status(es). To inform care moving forward, the current study characterized the pandemic and related technology usage experiences of teenaged pediatric patients from communities with high hardship indexes. As part of a larger mixed-methods study, 17 teens (Mean age = 15.99 ± .99) and 10 caregivers independently voiced experiences related to the pandemic during remote focus group and interview sessions. Thematic analyses were used to assess qualitative data; descriptive analyses were used to characterize qualitative data. Despite no direct queries about the pandemic, 41% of teens and 40% of caregivers described their lived experiences during the pandemic. Two subthemes emerged within the primary theme of COVID-19: (1) Wellness/Mental Health and (2) Smartphone Use and Utility. Although distress and negative effects were voiced, questionnaire data indicated normative psychosocial functioning for both teen self-report and caregiver proxy report. Informed by the voiced experiences of teens and their caregivers from communities with high hardship indexes, methods for better assessing and managing internalizing symptoms in teen patients are presented. A multi-modal and multi-informant approach that leverages technology to garner information about teens' experiences and deliver care may help improve the well-being of teens in communities systemically burdened with disparities.

Engaging Black youth in depression and suicide prevention treatment within urban schools: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot

BACKGROUND

Depression continues to be an ongoing threat to adolescent well-being with Black adolescents being particularly vulnerable to greater burdens of depression as well as lower mental health service utilization. Black adolescents are likely to have untreated depression due to social network influences, varied perceptions of services and providers, or self-stigma associated with experiencing depressive symptoms. Furthermore, if or when treatment is initiated, low engagement and early termination are common. To address this gap, a trial is being conducted to preliminarily test the effectiveness of an engagement intervention targeting Black adolescents with depression in school mental health services in New York City.

METHODS

A total of 60 Black middle and high school adolescents displaying depressive symptoms are equally randomized (based on school site) to the treatment arms. Both trial arms deliver Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A), a time-limited, evidence-based treatment for depression. Additionally, one arm pairs IPT-A with a brief, multi-level engagement intervention, the Making Connections Intervention (MCI), involving adolescents, caregivers, and clinicians. Outcomes of interest are group differences in depression and suicide ideation, adolescent and caregiver engagement, and mental health service use.

DISCUSSION

This trial will serve as an efficacy assessment of the MCI among a sample of Black adolescent students with depressive symptoms. Clinical and implementation results will be used to inform future research to further test the MCI intervention in a larger sample.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Registered by ClinicalTrials.gov on May 3, 2019, identifier: NCT03940508.

The compounded effect of the dual pandemic on ethnic-racial minority adolescents' mental health and psychosocial well-being

During the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. youth faced various stressors that affected their schooling experiences, social relationships, family dynamics, and communities. These stressors negatively impacted youths' mental health. Compared to White youths, ethnic-racial minority youths were disproportionately affected by COVID-19-related health disparities and experienced elevated worry and stress. In particular, Black and Asian American youths faced the compounded effects of a dual pandemic due to their navigation of both COVID-19-related stressors and increased exposure to racial discrimination and racial injustice, which worsened their mental health outcomes. However, protective processes such as social support, ethnic-racial identity, and ethnic-racial socialization emerged as mechanisms that attenuated the effects of COVID-related stressors on ethnic-racial youths' mental health and promoted their positive adaptation and psychosocial well-being.