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Yan S, Li J, Zhang Q, Jia S, Zhang Q, Wang R, Ju M, Gu P. Transcriptional Response of Wolfberry to Infestation with the Endophytic Fusarium nematophilum Strain NQ8GII4. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS07231397RE. [PMID: 38050402 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1397-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium nematophilum NQ8GII4 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of healthy wolfberry (Lycium barbarum). Previous studies have reported that NQ8GII4 could dwell in wolfberry roots and enhance the defense responses in wolfberry against root rot, which is caused by F. oxysporum. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of wolfberry disease resistance induced by NQ8GII4, in the present study, we adopted RNA sequencing analysis to profile the transcriptome of wolfberry response to NQ8GII4 infestation over a time course of 3 and 7 days postinoculation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in biological regulation, response to stimulus, signaling, detoxification, immune system process, transporter activity, electron carrier activity, transcription factor activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor, and antioxidant activity. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, it was found that many of these DEGs were enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in wolfberry. This result suggested that innate immunity, phytohormone signaling, and numerous phenylpropanoid compounds comprise a complex defense network in wolfberry. Chloroplast 50S ribosomal proteins were consistently located at the core position of the response in wolfberry following infestation with NQ8GII4 analyzed by the protein-protein interaction network. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between NQ8GII4 and wolfberry, clarified the wolfberry immune response network to endophytic fungi infestation, identified candidate resistance genes in wolfberry, and provided a fundamental date for subsequent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yan
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Shuxin Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Mingxiu Ju
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiwen Gu
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Damankeshan B, Shamshiri MH, Alaei H. Endophytic fungi are able to induce tolerance to salt stress in date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:759-775. [PMID: 38157149 PMCID: PMC10920517 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Date palm, typically considered a salinity-resistant plant, grows in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide, and experiences decreased growth and yields under salt stress. This study investigates the efficacy of endophytic fungi (EF) in enhancing the salinity tolerance of date palm seedlings. In this experiment, EF were isolated from date tree roots and identified morphologically. Following molecular identification, superior strains were selected to inoculate date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Mazafati). The seedlings were subjected to varying levels of salinity stress for 4 months, utilizing a completely randomized factorial design with two factors: fungal strain type (six levels) and salinity stress (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM sodium chloride). The diversity analysis of endophytic fungi in date palm trees revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to the Ascomycota family, with Fusarium and Alternaria being the most frequently isolated genera. In this research, the application of fungal endophytes resulted in increased dry weight of roots, shoots, root length, plant height, and leaf number. Additionally, EF symbiosis with date palm seedling roots led to a reduction in sodium concentration and an increase in potassium and phosphorus concentrations in aerial parts under salt-stress conditions. While salinity elevated lipid peroxidation, consequently increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, EF mitigated damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while promoting proline and total soluble sugar (TSS) accumulation. The colonization percentage generally increased with salinity stress intensity in most strains. According to the results, the application of EF can alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress and enhance the growth of date palm seedlings under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Damankeshan
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hosein Alaei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Manikandan K, Shanmugam V, Kavi Sidharthan V, Saha P, Saharan MS, Singh D. Characterization of field isolates of Fusarium spp. from eggplant in India for species complexity and virulence. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106472. [PMID: 38048836 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant wilt, despite emerging as a severe disease in India, the etiology must be better studied for its species' complexity and variability. The identity of fungal isolates associated with eggplants of India was established morphologically followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three species, Fusarium falciforme, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium proliferatum, were observed for the first time in India. The isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Though all of them were pathogenic, the isolates displayed varying degrees of virulence. In further studies, the genetic relatedness of the isolates for virulence was assessed with candidate avirulent (SIX effectors), virulent (Fow1 and Fow2) and SSR markers. The SIX effector genes could not delineate the virulent isolates and were expressed in some non-F. oxysporum isolates for the first time. Likewise, the virulent genes, Fow1 for expression across the isolates and Fow2 for random expression across the isolates, were unsuitable markers for identifying the virulent groups. Hence, the F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates were genotyped with SSR markers. Though the clustering did not correlate with their virulence levels, the dendrogram grouping revealed variability among the F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates. This study concludes that although multiple species of Fusarium are associated with eggplant wilt in India, only F. oxysporum and F. solani are widespread in the surveyed areas. Though the three markers could not delineate the race specificity of the isolates, only the SSR makers could identify the genetic variability and hence, would help screen eggplant germplasm for fusarium wilt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Manikandan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Veerubommu Shanmugam
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | | | - Partha Saha
- ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, 533105, India
| | - Mahender Singh Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Pandey P, Tripathi A, Dwivedi S, Lal K, Jhang T. Deciphering the mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and potential applications of endophytic microbes to mediate stress tolerance in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250020. [PMID: 38034581 PMCID: PMC10684941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The global healthcare market in the post-pandemic era emphasizes a constant pursuit of therapeutic, adaptogenic, and immune booster drugs. Medicinal plants are the only natural resource to meet this by supplying an array of bioactive secondary metabolites in an economic, greener and sustainable manner. Driven by the thrust in demand for natural immunity imparting nutraceutical and life-saving plant-derived drugs, the acreage for commercial cultivation of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Limited resources of land and water, low productivity, poor soil fertility coupled with climate change, and biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects, viruses, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, drought, salinity, waterlogging, and metal toxicity) stress necessitate medicinal plant productivity enhancement through sustainable strategies. Plants evolved intricate physiological (membrane integrity, organelle structural changes, osmotic adjustments, cell and tissue survival, reclamation, increased root-shoot ratio, antibiosis, hypersensitivity, etc.), biochemical (phytohormones synthesis, proline, protein levels, antioxidant enzymes accumulation, ion exclusion, generation of heat-shock proteins, synthesis of allelochemicals. etc.), and cellular (sensing of stress signals, signaling pathways, modulating expression of stress-responsive genes and proteins, etc.) mechanisms to combat stresses. Endophytes, colonizing in different plant tissues, synthesize novel bioactive compounds that medicinal plants can harness to mitigate environmental cues, thus making the agroecosystems self-sufficient toward green and sustainable approaches. Medicinal plants with a host set of metabolites and endophytes with another set of secondary metabolites interact in a highly complex manner involving adaptive mechanisms, including appropriate cellular responses triggered by stimuli received from the sensors situated on the cytoplasm and transmitting signals to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus to withstand a stressful environment effectively. Signaling pathways serve as a crucial nexus for sensing stress and establishing plants' proper molecular and cellular responses. However, the underlying mechanisms and critical signaling pathways triggered by endophytic microbes are meager. This review comprehends the diversity of endophytes in medicinal plants and endophyte-mediated plant-microbe interactions for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants by understanding complex adaptive physiological mechanisms and signaling cascades involving defined molecular and cellular responses. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers can design specific microbial formulations that optimize plant health, increase nutrient uptake, boost crop yields, and support a resilient, sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Shweta Dwivedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tripta Jhang
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, Shukla AK, Sunita K, Kumar A, Bontempi E, Ma Y, Kolton M, Singh AK. Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1455-1486. [PMID: 36917283 PMCID: PMC10497456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Niraj Yadav
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon, Lezion, Israel
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Max Kolton
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College (A constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur, 812007, Bihar, India.
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Gupta S, Pandey S, Nandi SP, Singh M. Modulation of ethylene and ROS-scavenging enzymes by multifarious plant growth-promoting endophytes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to combat Xanthomonas -induced stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107982. [PMID: 37651951 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore root endophytes- Priestia megaterium T3 and Bacillus cereus T4 from Moringa olefiera for the suppression of leaf spot disease in tomato plants challenged with Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Both strains had plant growth-stimulating characteristics including auxin production, solubilization of inorganic phosphate and zinc complexes, and production of ammonia, siderophore, as well as hydrolytic enzymes. An agar well diffusion and fluorescence viability assay have validated the antibacterial effect of the cell-free culture supernatant of strains T3 and T4. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling has identified the secondary metabolites in the cell-free supernatant of strains T3 and T4. The bio-priming of tomato seeds with a consortium of T3 and T4 strains has significantly declined ethylene (by 0.61-fold) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 0.64-fold) concentration thus, maintaining a lower content of ROS-induced malondialdehyde (MDA, 0.91-fold) as compared to control counterparts. Consequently, the leaf spot disease severity was reduced by ∼70% in consortium-treated tomato plants in contrast to their pathogen-challenged control. The consortia (T3+T4) treatment has facilitated induced systemic resistance by enhancing enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate oxidase (AO) to detoxify the excessive Xanthomonas-induced ROS accumulation in tomato plants. Conclusively, bacterial endophytes modulate X. vesicatoria-induced ROS response and ethylene levels in tomato plants. The current findings indicate that plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterial strains hold the potential to sustainably enhance plant growth and suppress bacterial leaf spot disease in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Sangeeta Pandey
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Shoma Paul Nandi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Monika Singh
- G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, G.B Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
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Núñez-Cano J, Romera FJ, Prieto P, García MJ, Sevillano-Caño J, Agustí-Brisach C, Pérez-Vicente R, Ramos J, Lucena C. Effect of the Nonpathogenic Strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 on Fe Acquisition in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3145. [PMID: 37687390 PMCID: PMC10489696 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal worldwide, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most important agronomical concerns in calcareous soils where rice plants may suffer from this deficiency. Current production systems are based on the use of high-yielding varieties and the application of large quantities of agrochemicals, which can cause major environmental problems. The use of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms is considered a relevant sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The main goal of this study was to determine the ability of the nonpathogenic strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 to induce Fe-deficiency responses in rice plants and its effects on plant growth and Fe chlorosis. Experiments were carried out under hydroponic system conditions. Our results show that the root inoculation of rice plants with FO12 promotes the production of phytosiderophores and plant growth while reducing Fe chlorosis symptoms after several days of cultivation. Moreover, Fe-related genes are upregulated by FO12 at certain times in inoculated plants regardless of Fe conditions. This microorganism also colonizes root cortical tissues. In conclusion, FO12 enhances Fe-deficiency responses in rice plants, achieves growth promotion, and reduces Fe chlorosis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Núñez-Cano
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Francisco J. Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - María J. García
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Jesús Sevillano-Caño
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
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8
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Aparicio MA, Lucena C, García MJ, Ruiz-Castilla FJ, Jiménez-Adrián P, López-Berges MS, Prieto P, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R, Ramos J, Romera FJ. The nonpathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum FO12 induces Fe deficiency responses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. PLANTA 2023; 257:50. [PMID: 36757472 PMCID: PMC9911487 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION FO12 strain enhances Fe deficiency responses in cucumber plants, probably through the production of ethylene and NO in the subapical regions of the roots. Rhizosphere microorganisms can elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. This type of resistance involves complex mechanisms that confer protection to the plant against pathogen attack. Additionally, it has been reported by several studies that ISR and Fe deficiency responses are modulated by common pathways, involving some phytohormones and signaling molecules, like ethylene and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to determine whether the nonpathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum FO12 can induce Fe deficiency responses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Our results demonstrate that the root inoculation of cucumber plants with the FO12 strain promotes plant growth after several days of cultivation, as well as rhizosphere acidification and enhancement of ferric reductase activity. Moreover, Fe-related genes, such as FRO1, IRT1 and HA1, are upregulated at certain times after FO12 inoculation either upon Fe-deficiency or Fe-sufficient conditions. Furthermore, it has been found that this fungus colonizes root cortical tissues, promoting the upregulation of ethylene synthesis genes and NO production in the root subapical regions. To better understand the effects of the FO12 strain on field conditions, cucumber plants were inoculated and cultivated in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. The results obtained show a modification of some physiological parameters in the inoculated plants, such as flowering and reduction of tissue necrosis. Overall, the results suggest that the FO12 strain could have a great potential as a Fe biofertilizer and biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María J García
- Departamento de Agronomía, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ruiz-Castilla
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Adrián
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel S López-Berges
- Departamento de Genética, Edificio Gregor Mendel (C-5), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Departamento de Agronomía, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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9
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Mubarok S, Qonit MAH, Rahmat BPN, Budiarto R, Suminar E, Nuraini A. An overview of ethylene insensitive tomato mutants: Advantages and disadvantages for postharvest fruit shelf-life and future perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079052. [PMID: 36778710 PMCID: PMC9911886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ethylene during postharvest handling of tomatoes can be the main problem in maintaining fruit shelf-life by accelerating the ripening process and causing several quality changes in fruit. Several researchers have studied the methods for improving the postharvest life of tomato fruit by controlling ethylene response, such as by mutation. New ethylene receptor mutants have been identified, namely Sletr1-1, Sletr1-2, Nr (Never ripe), Sletr4-1, and Sletr5-1. This review identifies the favorable and undesirable effects of several ethylene receptor mutants. Also, the impact of those mutations on the metabolite alteration of tomatoes and the future perspectives of those ethylene receptor mutants. The review data is taken from the primary data of our experiment related to ethylene receptor mutants and the secondary data from numerous publications in Google Scholar and other sources pertaining to ethylene physiology. This review concluded that mutation in the SlETR1 gene was more effective than mutation in NR, SLETR4, and SLETR5 genes in generating a new ethylene mutant. Sletr1-2 mutant is a potential ethylene receptor mutant for developing new tomato cultivars with prolonged fruit-shelf life without any undesirable effect. Therefore, that has many challenges to using the Sletr1-2 mutant for future purposes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Abdilah Hasan Qonit
- Master Program of Agro-Industry Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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10
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Uniting the Role of Endophytic Fungi against Plant Pathogens and Their Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010072. [PMID: 36675893 PMCID: PMC9860820 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are used as the most common microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) against phytopathogens and are ubiquitous in all plant parts. Most of the fungal species have roles against a variety of plant pathogens. Fungal endophytes provide different services to be used as pathogen control agents, using an important aspect in the form of enhanced plant growth and induced systemic resistance, produce a variety of antifungal secondary metabolites (lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes) through colonization, and compete with other pathogenic microorganisms for growth factors (space and nutrients). The purpose of this review is to highlight the biological control potential of fungal species with antifungal properties against different fungal plant pathogens. We focused on the introduction, biology, isolation, identification of endophytic fungi, and their antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens. The endosymbionts have developed specific genes that exhibited endophytic behavior and demonstrated defensive responses against pathogens such as antibiosis, parasitism, lytic enzyme and competition, siderophore production, and indirect responses by induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host plant. Finally, different microscopic detection techniques to study microbial interactions (endophytic and pathogenic fungal interactions) in host plants are briefly discussed.
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11
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Dalakouras A, Katsaouni A, Avramidou M, Dadami E, Tsiouri O, Vasileiadis S, Makris A, Georgopoulou ME, Papadopoulou KK. A beneficial fungal root endophyte triggers systemic RNA silencing and DNA methylation of a host reporter gene. RNA Biol 2023; 20:20-30. [PMID: 36573793 PMCID: PMC9809956 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2159158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in the communication between plants and pathogenic fungi, where a bi-directional trans-kingdom RNAi is established to the advantage of either the host or the pathogen. Similar mechanisms acting during plant association with non-pathogenic symbiotic microorganisms have been elusive to this date. To determine whether root endophytes can induce systemic RNAi responses to their host plants, we designed an experimental reporter-based system consisting of the root-restricted, beneficial fungal endophyte, Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) and its host Nicotiana benthamiana. Since not all fungi encode the RNAi machinery, we first needed to validate that FsK does so, by identifying its core RNAi enzymes (2 Dicer-like genes, 2 Argonautes and 4 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases) and by showing its susceptibility to in vitro RNAi upon exogenous application of double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Upon establishing this, we transformed FsK with a hairpin RNA (hpRNA) construct designed to target a reporter gene in its host N. benthamiana. The hpRNA was processed by FsK RNAi machinery predominantly into 21-24-nt small RNAs that triggered RNA silencing but not DNA methylation in the fungal hyphae. Importantly, when the hpRNA-expressing FsK was used to inoculate N. benthamiana, systemic RNA silencing and DNA methylation of the host reporter gene was recorded. Our data suggest that RNAi signals can be translocated by root endophytes to their hosts and can modulate gene expression during mutualism, which may be translated to beneficial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Dalakouras
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece,Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Larissa, Greece,CONTACT Athanasios Dalakouras University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece; Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Larissa, Greece
| | - Afrodite Katsaouni
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elena Dadami
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Olga Tsiouri
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Makris
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
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12
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Kamran M, Imran QM, Ahmed MB, Falak N, Khatoon A, Yun BW. Endophyte-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Sustainable Strategy to Enhance Resilience and Assist Crop Improvement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203292. [PMID: 36291157 PMCID: PMC9600683 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses severely affect agriculture by affecting crop productivity, soil fertility, and health. These stresses may have significant financial repercussions, necessitating a practical, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly approach to lessen their negative impacts on plants. Several agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, are used to improve plant health and protection; however, these chemical supplements have serious implications for human health. Plants being sessile cannot move or escape to avoid stress. Therefore, they have evolved to develop highly beneficial interactions with endophytes. The targeted use of beneficial plant endophytes and their role in combating biotic and abiotic stresses are gaining attention. Therefore, it is important to experimentally validate these interactions and determine how they affect plant fitness. This review highlights research that sheds light on how endophytes help plants tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses through plant–symbiont and plant–microbiota interactions. There is a great need to focus research efforts on this vital area to achieve a system-level understanding of plant–microbe interactions that occur naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Qari Muhammad Imran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Noreen Falak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Amna Khatoon
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
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14
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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15
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Jenner BN, Henry PM. Pathotypes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae express discrete repertoires of accessory genes and induce distinct host transcriptional responses during root infection. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4570-4586. [PMID: 35706142 PMCID: PMC9796522 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Convergent evolution of phytopathogenicity is poorly described, especially among multiple strains of a single microbial species. We investigated this phenomenon with genetically diverse isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) that cause one of two syndromes: chlorosis and wilting (the 'yellows-fragariae' pathotype), or only wilting (the 'wilt-fragariae' pathotype). We challenged strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants to root infection by five fungal isolates: three yellows-fragariae, one wilt-fragariae and one that is not pathogenic to strawberry. All Fof isolates had chromosome-level assemblies; three were newly generated. The two pathotypes triggered distinct host responses, especially among phytohormone-associated genes; yellows-fragariae isolates strongly induced jasmonic acid-associated genes, whereas the wilt-fragariae isolate primarily induced ethylene biosynthesis and signalling. The differentially expressed genes on fungal accessory chromosomes were almost entirely distinct between pathotypes. We identified an ~150 kbp 'pathogenicity island' that was horizontally transferred between wilt-fragariae strains. This predicted pathogenicity island was enriched with differentially expressed genes whose predicted functions were related to plant infection, and only one of these genes was also upregulated in planta by yellows-fragariae isolates. These results support the conclusion that wilt- and yellows-fragariae cause physiologically distinct syndromes by the expression of discrete repertoires of genes on accessory chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N. Jenner
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter M. Henry
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceSalinasCaliforniaUSA
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16
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Tripathi A, Pandey P, Tripathi SN, Kalra A. Perspectives and potential applications of endophytic microorganisms in cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985429. [PMID: 36247631 PMCID: PMC9560770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food and nutritional security, it is crucial to use chemicals in agriculture to boost yields and protect the crops against biotic and abiotic perturbations. Conversely, excessive use of chemicals has led to many deleterious effects on the environment like pollution of soil, water, and air; loss of soil fertility; and development of pest resistance, and is now posing serious threats to biodiversity. Therefore, farming systems need to be upgraded towards the use of biological agents to retain agricultural and environmental sustainability. Plants exhibit a huge and varied niche for endophytic microorganisms inside the planta, resulting in a closer association between them. Endophytic microorganisms play pivotal roles in plant physiological and morphological characteristics, including growth promotion, survival, and fitness. Their mechanism of action includes both direct and indirect, such as mineral phosphate solubilization, fixating nitrogen, synthesis of auxins, production of siderophore, and various phytohormones. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) hold a crucial position worldwide for their valued essential oils and several phytopharmaceutically important bioactive compounds since ancient times; conversely, owing to the high demand for natural products, commercial cultivation of MAPs is on the upswing. Furthermore, the vulnerability to various pests and diseases enforces noteworthy production restraints that affect both crop yield and quality. Efforts have been made towards enhancing yields of plant crude drugs by improving crop varieties, cell cultures, transgenic plants, etc., but these are highly cost-demanding and time-consuming measures. Thus, it is essential to evolve efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective simpler approaches for improvement in the yield and health of the plants. Harnessing endophytic microorganisms as biostimulants can be an effective and alternative step. This review summarizes the concept of endophytes, their multidimensional interaction inside the host plant, and the salient benefits associated with endophytic microorganisms in MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Shakti Nath Tripathi
- Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to be University, Prayagraj, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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17
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Pot S, Tender CD, Ommeslag S, Delcour I, Ceusters J, Vandecasteele B, Debode J, Vancampenhout K. Elucidating the microbiome of the sustainable peat replacers composts and nature management residues. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983855. [PMID: 36246232 PMCID: PMC9555241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable peat alternatives, such as composts and management residues, are considered to have beneficial microbiological characteristics compared to peat-based substrates. Studies comparing microbiological characteristics of these three types of biomass are, however, lacking. This study examined if and how microbiological characteristics of subtypes of composts and management residues differ from peat-based substrates, and how feedstock and (bio)chemical characteristics drive these characteristics. In addition, microbiome characteristics were evaluated that may contribute to plant growth and health. These characteristics include: genera associated with known beneficial or harmful microorganisms, microbial diversity, functional diversity/activity, microbial biomass, fungal to bacterial ratio and inoculation efficiency with the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Bacterial and fungal communities were studied using 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene metabarcoding, community-level physiological profiling (Biolog EcoPlates) and PLFA analysis. Inoculation with T. harzianum was assessed using qPCR. Samples of feedstock-based subtypes of composts and peat-based substrates showed similar microbial community compositions, while subtypes based on management residues were more variable in their microbial community composition. For management residues, a classification based on pH and hemicellulose content may be relevant for bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Green composts, vegetable, fruit and garden composts and woody composts show the most potential to enhance plant growth or to suppress pathogens for non-acidophilic plants, while grass clippings, chopped heath and woody fractions of compost show the most potential for blends for calcifuge plants. Fungal biomass was a suitable predictor for inoculation efficiency of composts and management residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Pot
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Steffi Pot,
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ommeslag
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ilse Delcour
- PCS Ornamental Plant Research, Destelbergen, Belgium
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandecasteele
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Karen Vancampenhout
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
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18
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Xia Y, Liu J, Chen C, Mo X, Tan Q, He Y, Wang Z, Yin J, Zhou G. The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051072. [PMID: 35630514 PMCID: PMC9146654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes represent a ubiquitous and magical world in plants. Almost all plant species studied by different researchers have been found to harbor one or more endophytes, which protect host plants from pathogen invasion and from adverse environmental conditions. They produce various metabolites that can directly inhibit the growth of pathogens and even promote the growth and development of the host plants. In this review, we focus on the biological control of plant diseases, aiming to elucidate the contribution and key roles of endophytes and their metabolites in this field with the latest research information. Metabolites synthesized by endophytes are part of plant disease management, and the application of endophyte metabolites to induce plant resistance is very promising. Furthermore, multi-omics should be more fully utilized in plant–microbe research, especially in mining novel bioactive metabolites. We believe that the utilization of endophytes and their metabolites for plant disease management is a meaningful and promising research direction that can lead to new breakthroughs in the development of more effective and ecosystem-friendly insecticides and fungicides in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junang Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Cang Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Xiuli Mo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jia Yin
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
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Hill R, Buggs RJA, Vu DT, Gaya E. Lifestyle Transitions in Fusarioid Fungi are Frequent and Lack Clear Genomic Signatures. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6575681. [PMID: 35484861 PMCID: PMC9051438 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Fusarium (Ascomycota) includes well-known plant pathogens that are implicated in diseases worldwide, and many of which have been genome sequenced. The genus also encompasses other diverse lifestyles, including species found ubiquitously as asymptomatic-plant inhabitants (endophytes). Here, we produced structurally annotated genome assemblies for five endophytic Fusarium strains, including the first whole-genome data for Fusarium chuoi. Phylogenomic reconstruction of Fusarium and closely related genera revealed multiple and frequent lifestyle transitions, the major exception being a monophyletic clade of mutualist insect symbionts. Differential codon usage bias and increased codon optimisation separated Fusarium sensu stricto from allied genera. We performed computational prediction of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes)—both likely to be involved in the host–fungal interaction—and sought evidence that their frequencies could predict lifestyle. However, phylogenetic distance described gene variance better than lifestyle did. There was no significant difference in CSEP, CAZyme, or gene repertoires between phytopathogenic and endophytic strains, although we did find some evidence that gene copy number variation may be contributing to pathogenicity. Large numbers of accessory CSEPs (i.e., present in more than one taxon but not all) and a comparatively low number of strain-specific CSEPs suggested there is a limited specialisation among plant associated Fusarium species. We also found half of the core genes to be under positive selection and identified specific CSEPs and CAZymes predicted to be positively selected on certain lineages. Our results depict fusarioid fungi as prolific generalists and highlight the difficulty in predicting pathogenic potential in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Hill
- Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, United Kingdom.,School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard J A Buggs
- Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, United Kingdom.,School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dang Toan Vu
- Research Planning and International Cooperation Department, Plant Resources Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ester Gaya
- Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, United Kingdom
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Endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:203-232. [PMID: 35122218 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi play incredible roles in the ecosystem including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, eco-adaptation, enhancing growth and development, and maintaining the health of their host. In recent times, endophytic fungi have drawn a special focus owing to their indispensable diversity, unique distribution, and unparalleled metabolic pathways. The endophytic fungal communities belong to three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota with seven predominant classes Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. In a review of a huge number of research finding, it was found that endophytic fungal communities of genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium, Microsphaeropsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Xylaria have been sorted out and well characterized for diverse biotechnological applications for future development. Furthermore, these communities are remarkable source of novel bioactive compounds with amazing biological activity for use in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are endowed with a broad range of structurally unique bioactive natural products, including alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and quinines. Subsequently, there is still an excellent opportunity to explore novel compounds from endophytic fungi among numerous plants inhabiting different niches. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing could be a tool to study interaction between plants and endophytic fungi which may provide further opportunities to reveal unknown functions of endophytic fungal communities. The present review deals with the biodiversity of endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability.
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Yue ZL, Tian ZJ, Zhang JW, Zhang SW, Li YD, Wu ZM. Overexpression of Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 in Tomato Confers Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-Lycopersici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836269. [PMID: 35185997 PMCID: PMC8850989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The disease Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), caused mainly by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), seriously affects commercial tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Sl)] yields. However, the genes that offer resistance to FORL are limited and the mechanism of resistance to FCRR is poorly understood. Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) play critical roles in defensive responses and immunity in many plant species; however, whether specific LecRKs are involved in the response of tomato plants to FORL is unclear. Here, we report that the expression of SlLecRK1/Solyc09g011070.1 was obviously induced by the infection of FORL. Biochemical and cell biological data revealed that SlLecRK1 is an active kinase that is located at the cell membrane, while real-time quantitative PCR data suggested that SlLecRK1 is mainly expressed in stems and roots. Genetic studies showed that overexpression of SlLecRK1 significantly improved the resistance of tomato plants to FORL but did not cause visible changes in plant growth and development compared with wild-type control plants. RNA-Seq data suggested that the positive effects of SlLecRK1 on the resistance of tomato plants to FORL occur mainly by triggering the expression of ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF) genes. Together, our findings not only identify a new target for the development of FCRR-resistant tomato varieties, they also demonstrate a molecular mechanism linking SlLecRK1 and ERFs in regulating the immune responses of tomato plants to FORL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Yue
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe-Juan Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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22
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Malandrakis AA, Kavroulakis N, Avramidou M, Papadopoulou KK, Tsaniklidis G, Chrysikopoulos CV. Metal nanoparticles: Phytotoxicity on tomato and effect on symbiosis with the Fusarium solani FsK strain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147606. [PMID: 33991907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of copper (Cu-NPs, CuO-NPs), silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) nanoparticles (NPs) on plant growth, physiological properties of tomato plants and their symbiotic relationships with the endophytic Fusarium solani FsK strain was investigated. Fungitoxicity tests revealed that the FsK strain was significantly more sensitive to Cu-NPs and ZnO-NPs than CuO-NPs and Ag-NPs both in terms of mycelial growth and spore germination. All NPs were more toxic to FsK compared to their bulk counterparts except for AgNO3, which was 8 to 9-fold more toxic than Ag-NPs. Apart from AgNO3, NPs and bulk counterparts did not affect the number of germinated tomato seeds even in higher concentrations, while root length was significantly reduced in a dose dependent way in most cases. Dry weight of tomato plants was also significantly reduced upon treatment with NPs and counterparts with most pronounced effects in the cases of AgNO3, Cu-NPs, ZnO-NPs, and ZnSO4. Root and shoot length of grown tomato plants was also affected by treatments while differences between NPs and bulk counterparts varied. A marked oxidative stress response was recorded in all cases of NPs/bulk counterparts as indicated by increased MDA and H2O2 levels of treated plants. Treated plants had significantly reduced chlorophyl-a and carotenoid levels compared to the untreated control. NPs and counterparts did not affect FsK colonization of roots indicating a possible shielding effect of tomato plants once the endophyte was established inside the roots. Vice versa, a possible alleviation of CuO-NPs, ZnO-NPs, and ZnSO4 toxicity was observed in the presence of FsK inside tomato roots in terms of plant dry weight. The results suggest that phytotoxicity of NPs in tomato treated plants should be considered before application and while both FsK and tomato are sensitive to NPs, their reciprocal benefits may extent to resistance towards these toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios A Malandrakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "ELGO-Dimitra", Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Agrokipio-Souda, 73164 Chania, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "ELGO-Dimitra", Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Agrokipio-Souda, 73164 Chania, Greece
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Zou K, Liu X, Hu Q, Zhang D, Fu S, Zhang S, Huang H, Lei F, Zhang G, Miao B, Meng D, Jiang L, Liu H, Yin H, Liang Y. Root Endophytes and Ginkgo biloba Are Likely to Share and Compensate Secondary Metabolic Processes, and Potentially Exchange Genetic Information by LTR-RTs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704985. [PMID: 34305992 PMCID: PMC8301071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a pharmaceutical resource for terpenes and flavonoids. However, few insights discussed endophytes' role in Ginkgo, and whether genetic exchange happens between Ginkgo and endophytes remains unclear. Herein, functional gene profiles and repetitive sequences were analyzed to focus on these issues. A total of 25 endophyte strains were isolated from the Ginkgo root and distributed in 16 genera of 6 phyla. Significant morphological diversities lead to the diversity in the COG functional classification. KEGG mapping revealed that endophytic bacteria and fungi potentially synthesize chalcone, while endophytic fungi might also promote flavonoid derivatization. Both bacteria and fungi may facilitate the lignin synthesis. Aspergillus sp. Gbtc_1 exhibited the feasibility of regulating alcohols to lignans. Although Ginkgo and the endophytes have not observed the critical levopimaradiene synthase in ginkgolides synthesis, the upstream pathways of terpenoid precursors are likely intact. The MVK genes in Ginkgo may have alternative non-homologous copies or be compensated by endophytes in long-term symbiosis. Cellulomonas sp. Gbtc_1 became the only bacteria to harbor both MEP and MVA pathways. Endophytes may perform the mutual transformation of IPP and DMAPP in the root. Ginkgo and bacteria may lead to the synthesis and derivatization of the carotenoid pathway. The isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis seemed lost in the Ginkgo root community, but L-dopa is more probably converted into dopamine as an essential signal-transduction substance. So, endophytes may participate in the secondary metabolism of the Ginkgo in a shared or complementary manner. Moreover, a few endophytic sequences predicted as Ty3/Gypsy and Ty1/Copia superfamilies exhibited extremely high similarity to those of Ginkgo. CDSs in such endophytic LTR-RT sequences were also highly homologous to one Ginkgo CDS. Therefore, LTR-RTs may be a rare unit flowing between the Ginkgo host and endophytes to exchange genetic information. Collectively, this research effectively expanded the insight on the symbiotic relationship between the Ginkgo host and the endophytes in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Hu
- NEOMICS Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Du Zhang
- Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Haonan Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Fangying Lei
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Miao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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Fontana DC, de Paula S, Torres AG, de Souza VHM, Pascholati SF, Schmidt D, Dourado Neto D. Endophytic Fungi: Biological Control and Induced Resistance to Phytopathogens and Abiotic Stresses. Pathogens 2021; 10:570. [PMID: 34066672 PMCID: PMC8151296 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases cause losses of approximately 16% globally. Thus, management measures must be implemented to mitigate losses and guarantee food production. In addition to traditional management measures, induced resistance and biological control have gained ground in agriculture due to their enormous potential. Endophytic fungi internally colonize plant tissues and have the potential to act as control agents, such as biological agents or elicitors in the process of induced resistance and in attenuating abiotic stresses. In this review, we list the mode of action of this group of microorganisms which can act in controlling plant diseases and describe several examples in which endophytes were able to reduce the damage caused by pathogens and adverse conditions. This is due to their arsenal of molecules generated during the interaction by which they form a kind of biological shield in the plant. Furthermore, considering that endophytic fungi can be an important tool in managing for biotic and abiotic stresses due to the large amount of biologically active substances produced, bioprospecting this class of microorganisms is tending to increase and generate valuable products for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cristina Fontana
- Department of Plant Production, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (D.C.F.); (D.D.N.)
| | - Samuel de Paula
- Plant Pathology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (A.G.T.); (V.H.M.d.S.); (S.F.P.)
| | - Abel Galon Torres
- Plant Pathology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (A.G.T.); (V.H.M.d.S.); (S.F.P.)
| | - Victor Hugo Moura de Souza
- Plant Pathology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (A.G.T.); (V.H.M.d.S.); (S.F.P.)
| | - Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
- Plant Pathology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (A.G.T.); (V.H.M.d.S.); (S.F.P.)
| | - Denise Schmidt
- Department of Agronomy and Environmental Science, Frederico Westphalen Campus, Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen 98400000, Brazil;
| | - Durval Dourado Neto
- Department of Plant Production, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418900, Brazil; (D.C.F.); (D.D.N.)
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The Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 Induces Distinct Responses in Two Closely Related Solanaceae Plants against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050344. [PMID: 33925134 PMCID: PMC8146752 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 is able to protect Capsicum annuum (pepper) but not in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) against the pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Transcriptomics of the plant during the interaction with Fo47 shows the induction of distinct set of genes in pepper and tomato. The number of differentially expressed (DE) genes in pepper (231 DE genes) is greater than the number of DE genes in tomato (39 DE genes) at 2 days after the treatment with Fo47. Ethylene related genes were present among the DE genes in both plants, and the up-regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes was observed to be triggered during the interaction of both plants with Fo47. The treatment with MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene, an ethylene-competitive inhibitor) reduced the Fo47 protection in pepper against Verticillium dahliae. Intriguingly, Fo47 was able to protect the ethylene-insensitive tomato mutant Never-ripe (Nr) against Verticillium dahliae, but not the tomato wilt type cv Pearson. Overall, ethylene is shown to be an important player in the response to Fo47, but its role depends on the host species.
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26
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Babilonia K, Wang P, Liu Z, Jamieson P, Mormile B, Rodrigues O, Zhang L, Lin W, Danmaigona Clement C, Menezes de Moura S, Alves-Ferreira M, Finlayson SA, Loring Nichols R, Wheeler TA, Dever JK, Shan L, He P. A nonproteinaceous Fusarium cell wall extract triggers receptor-like protein-dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:275-289. [PMID: 33314087 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating disease of many economically important crops. The mechanisms underlying plant responses to F. oxysporum infections remain largely unknown. We demonstrate here that a water-soluble, heat-resistant and nonproteinaceous F. oxysporum cell wall extract (FoCWE) component from multiple F. oxysporum isolates functions as a race-nonspecific elicitor, also termed pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). FoCWE triggers several demonstrated immune responses, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, ethylene production, and stomatal closure, in cotton and Arabidopsis. Pretreated FoCWE protects cotton seeds against infections by virulent F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), and Arabidopsis plants against the virulent bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting the potential application of FoCWEs in crop protection. Host-mediated responses to FoCWE do not appear to require LYKs/CERK1, BAK1 or SOBIR1, which are commonly involved in PAMP perception and/or signalling. However, FoCWE responses and Fusarium resistance in cotton partially require two receptor-like proteins, GhRLP20 and GhRLP31. Transcriptome analysis suggests that FoCWE preferentially activates cell wall-mediated defence, and Fov has evolved virulence mechanisms to suppress FoCWE-induced defence. These findings suggest that FoCWE is a classical PAMP that is potentially recognised by a novel pattern-recognition receptor to regulate cotton resistance to Fusarium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Babilonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pierce Jamieson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brendan Mormile
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Stéfanie Menezes de Moura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 21941, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 21941, Brazil
| | - Scott A Finlayson
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert Loring Nichols
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Cotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Terry A Wheeler
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1102 East Drew St., Lubbock, TX, 79403, USA
| | - Jane K Dever
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1102 East Drew St., Lubbock, TX, 79403, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Mani SD, Pandey S, Govindan M, Muthamilarasan M, Nagarathnam R. Transcriptome dynamics underlying elicitor-induced defense responses against Septoria leaf spot disease of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:873-888. [PMID: 33967469 PMCID: PMC8055812 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Elicitor-induced defense response against potential plant pathogens has been widely reported in several crop plants; however, transcriptome dynamics underlying such defense response remains elusive. Our previous study identified and characterized a novel elicitor, κ-carrageenan, from Kappaphycus alvarezii, a marine red seaweed. Our preliminary studies have shown that the elicitor-treatment enhances the tolerance of a susceptible tomato cultivar to Septoria lycopersici (causative agent of leaf spot disease). To gain further insights into the genes regulated during elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection, we have performed RNA-Seq experiments under different treatments, namely, control (untreated and uninfected), elicitor treatment, pathogen infection alone, and elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection. To validate the results, forty-three genes belonging to five different classes, namely, ROS activating and detoxifying enzyme encoding genes, DEAD-box RNA helicase genes, autophagy-related genes, cysteine proteases, and pathogenesis-related genes, were chosen. Expression profiling of each gene was performed using qRT-PCR, and the data was correlated with the RNA-seq data. Altogether, the study has pinpointed a repertoire of genes that could be potential candidates for further functional characterization to provide insights into novel elicitor-induced fungal defense and develop transgenic lines resistant to foliar diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Devi Mani
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Muthukumar Govindan
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046 Telangana India
| | - Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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Hill R, Llewellyn T, Downes E, Oddy J, MacIntosh C, Kallow S, Panis B, Dickie JB, Gaya E. Seed Banks as Incidental Fungi Banks: Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Stored Seeds of Banana Wild Relatives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643731. [PMID: 33841366 PMCID: PMC8024981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed banks were first established to conserve crop genetic diversity, but seed banking has more recently been extended to wild plants, particularly crop wild relatives (CWRs) (e.g., by the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew). CWRs have been recognised as potential reservoirs of beneficial traits for our domesticated crops, and with mounting evidence of the importance of the microbiome to organismal health, it follows that the microbial communities of wild relatives could also be a valuable resource for crop resilience to environmental and pathogenic threats. Endophytic fungi reside asymptomatically inside all plant tissues and have been found to confer advantages to their plant host. Preserving the natural microbial diversity of plants could therefore represent an important secondary conservation role of seed banks. At the same time, species that are reported as endophytes may also be latent pathogens. We explored the potential of the MSB as an incidental fungal endophyte bank by assessing diversity of fungi inside stored seeds. Using banana CWRs in the genus Musa as a case-study, we sequenced an extended ITS-LSU fragment in order to delimit operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and used a similarity and phylogenetics approach for classification. Fungi were successfully detected inside just under one third of the seeds, with a few genera accounting for most of the OTUs-primarily Lasiodiplodia, Fusarium, and Aspergillus-while a large variety of rare OTUs from across the Ascomycota were isolated only once. Fusarium species were notably abundant-of significance in light of Fusarium wilt, a disease threatening global banana crops-and so were targeted for additional sequencing with the marker EF1α in order to delimit species and place them in a phylogeny of the genus. Endophyte community composition, diversity and abundance was significantly different across habitats, and we explored the relationship between community differences and seed germination/viability. Our results show that there is a previously neglected invisible fungal dimension to seed banking that could well have implications for the seed collection and storage procedures, and that collections such as the MSB are indeed a novel source of potentially useful fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Hill
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Llewellyn
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Downes
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Oddy
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona MacIntosh
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kallow
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Panis
- Bioversity International, Montpellier, France
| | - John B. Dickie
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Gaya
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
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Diversity, community composition, and bioactivity of cultivable fungal endophytes in saline and dry soils in deserts. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Sánchez-Rangel D, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Pérez-Torres CA, López-Buenfil A, de Jesús García-Ávila C, Carrillo-Hernández ED, Castañeda-Casasola CC, Rodríguez-Haas B, Pérez-Lira J, Villafán E, Alonso-Sánchez A, Ibarra-Laclette E. Design of a diagnostic system based on molecular markers derived from the ascomycetes pan-genome analysis: The case of Fusarium dieback disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246079. [PMID: 33507916 PMCID: PMC7843019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A key factor to take actions against phytosanitary problems is the accurate and rapid detection of the causal agent. Here, we develop a molecular diagnostics system based on comparative genomics to easily identify fusariosis and specific pathogenic species as the Fusarium kuroshium, the symbiont of the ambrosia beetle Euwallaceae kuroshio Gomez and Hulcr which is responsible for Fusarium dieback disease in San Diego CA, USA. We performed a pan-genome analysis using sixty-three ascomycetes fungi species including phytopathogens and fungi associated with the ambrosia beetles. Pan-genome analysis revealed that 2,631 orthologue genes are only shared by Fusarium spp., and on average 3,941 (SD ± 1,418.6) are species-specific genes. These genes were used for PCR primer design and tested on DNA isolated from i) different strains of ascomycete species, ii) artificially infected avocado stems and iii) plant tissue of field-collected samples presumably infected. Our results let us propose a useful set of primers to either identify any species from Fusarium genus or, in a specific manner, species such as F. kuroshium, F. oxysporum, and F. graminearum. The results suggest that the molecular strategy employed in this study can be expanded to design primers against different types of pathogens responsible for provoking critical plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Vázquez-Rosas-Landa
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Catedrático CONACYT en el INECOL, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Eric E. Hernández-Domínguez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Catedrático CONACYT en el INECOL, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Catedrático CONACYT en el INECOL, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Clemente de Jesús García-Ávila
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria (CNRF), Tecámac, Estado de México, México
| | | | - Cynthia-Coccet Castañeda-Casasola
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria (CNRF), Tecámac, Estado de México, México
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Josué Pérez-Lira
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Emanuel Villafán
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Alexandro Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail:
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Fatemi F, Abdollahi MR, Mirzaie-asl A, Dastan D, Papadopoulou K. Phytochemical, antioxidant, enzyme activity and antifungal properties of Satureja khuzistanica in vitro and in vivo explants stimulated by some chemical elicitors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:286-296. [PMID: 32255400 PMCID: PMC7178849 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1743324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Context: Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. (Lamiaceae), is known for its antifungal and antioxidant compounds, especially rosmarinic acid (RA).Objective: The study examines the effect of elicitors on RA production and phytochemical properties of S. khuzistanica.Materials and methods: In vitro plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In vivo plants were treated with MWCNTs and salicylic acid (SA). RA was measured by HPLC. Catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were quantified. DPPH and β-carotene were assayed in in vivo extracts. The antifungal effects of extracts were evaluated against Fusarium solani K (FsK).Results: The highest RA contents of in vitro plants were 50 mg/L MeJA (140.99 mg/g DW) and 250 mg/L MWCNTs (140.49 mg/g DW). The highest in vivo were 24 h MWCNTs (7.13 mg/g DW) and 72 h SA (9.12 mg/g DW). The maximum POD and APX activities were at 100 mg/L MeJA (5 and 4 mg protein, respectively). CAT had the highest activities at 50 mg/L MeJA (2 mg protein). DPPH and β-carotene showed 50% and 80% inhibition, respectively. The FsK aggregation was the lowest for in vitro extract in number of conidia [1.82 × 1010], fresh weight (6.51 g) and dry weight (0.21 g) that proved RA inhibitory effects. The callus reduces FsK growth diameter to 2.75 on the 5th day.Discussion and conclusions: Application of MeJA, SA, and MWCNTSs could increase RA in S. khuzistanica and highlighted potential characteristics in pharmaceutical and antifungal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fatemi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Asghar Mirzaie-asl
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kalliope Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Bozbuga R. Expressions of Pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) Gene in Solanum lycopersicum and Influence of Salicylic Acid Exposures on Host-Meloidogyne incognita Interactions. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 494:266-269. [PMID: 33119831 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) induces the mechanism of the plant defence and plays a role in plant -pathogen interactions. Following the nematode infection, effects of SA treatment on plant weights and the expression of pathogen related gene have not been fully understood. The present study was aimed to determine the effects of SA treatment on the expression Pathogenesis related 1 gene (PR1 gene) and alteration on plant parameters in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Plant seedlings were dripped within the SA solution. The expression of PR1 gene achieved using RT-PCR at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21-days post infection (dpi) with Meloidogyne incognita. Upregulation of PR1 gene was determined in early (1 dpi) and late (21 dpi). SA treatment and nematode infection altered plant parameters. SA treatment increased the plant defence mechanisms in tomato against Meloidogyne incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refik Bozbuga
- Biological Control Research Institute, Nematology Lab, Yuregir, 01321, Adana, Turkey.
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Jaiswal AK, Alkan N, Elad Y, Sela N, Philosoph AM, Graber ER, Frenkel O. Molecular insights into biochar-mediated plant growth promotion and systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium crown and root rot disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13934. [PMID: 32811849 PMCID: PMC7434890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with biochar-elicited suppression of soilborne plant diseases and improved plant performance are not well understood. A stem base inoculation approach was used to explore the ability of biochar to induce systemic resistance in tomato plants against crown rot caused by a soilborne pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici. RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of tomato, and experiments with jasmonic and salycilic acid deficient tomato mutants, were performed to elucidate the in planta molecular mechanisms involved in induced resistance. Biochar (produced from greenhouse plant wastes) was found to mediate systemic resistance against Fusarium crown rot and to simultaneously improve tomato plant growth and physiological parameters by up to 63%. Transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of tomato demonstrated that biochar had a priming effect on gene expression and upregulated the pathways and genes associated with plant defense and growth such as jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, auxin and synthesis of flavonoid, phenylpropanoids and cell wall. In contrast, biosynthesis and signaling of the salicylic acid pathway was downregulated. Upregulation of genes and pathways involved in plant defense and plant growth may partially explain the significant disease suppression and improvement in plant performance observed in the presence of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel.,Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 761001, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Institute of Plant Harvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Amit M Philosoph
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center (ARO), 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
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Skiada V, Avramidou M, Bonfante P, Genre A, Papadopoulou KK. An endophytic Fusarium-legume association is partially dependent on the common symbiotic signalling pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1429-1444. [PMID: 31997356 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legumes interact with a wide range of microbes in their root systems, ranging from beneficial symbionts to pathogens. Symbiotic rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal glomeromycetes trigger a so-called common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP), including the induction of nuclear calcium spiking in the root epidermis. By combining gene expression analysis, mutant phenotypic screening and analysis of nuclear calcium elevations, we demonstrate that recognition of an endophytic Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) in model legumes is initiated via perception of chitooligosaccharidic molecules and is, at least partially, CSSP-dependent. FsK induced the expression of Lysin-motif receptors for chitin-based molecules, CSSP members and CSSP-dependent genes in Lotus japonicus. In LysM and CSSP mutant/RNAi lines, root penetration and fungal intraradical progression was either stimulated or limited, whereas FsK exudates triggered CSSP-dependent nuclear calcium spiking, in epidermal cells of Medicago truncatula root organ cultures. Our results corroborate CSSP being involved in the perception of signals from other microbes beyond the restricted group of symbiotic interactions sensu stricto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Skiada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
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Fadiji AE, Babalola OO. Elucidating Mechanisms of Endophytes Used in Plant Protection and Other Bioactivities With Multifunctional Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:467. [PMID: 32500068 PMCID: PMC7242734 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are abundant in plants and studies are continuously emanating on their ability to protect plants from pathogens that cause diseases especially in the field of agriculture. The advantage that endophytes have over other biocontrol agents is the ability to colonize plant's internal tissues. Despite this attributes, a deep understanding of the mechanism employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases is still required for both effectiveness and commercialization. Also, there are increasing cases of antibiotics resistance among most causative agents of diseases in human beings, which calls for an alternative drug discovery using natural sources. Endophytes present themselves as a storehouse of many bioactive metabolites such as phenolic acids, alkaloids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids which makes them a promising candidate for anticancer, antimalarial, antituberculosis, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritis, and immunosuppressive properties among many others, even though the primary function of bioactive compounds from endophytes is to make the host plants resistant to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytes still present themselves as a peculiar source of possible drugs. This study elucidates the mechanisms employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases and different bioactivities of importance to humans with a focus on endophytic bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Constantin ME, Vlieger BV, Takken FLW, Rep M. Diminished Pathogen and Enhanced Endophyte Colonization upon CoInoculation of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fusarium Strains. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E544. [PMID: 32283705 PMCID: PMC7232452 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Root colonization by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) endophytes reduces wilt disease symptoms caused by pathogenic Fo strains. The endophytic strain Fo47, isolated from wilt suppressive soils, reduces Fusarium wilt in various crop species such as tomato, flax, and asparagus. How endophyte-mediated resistance (EMR) against Fusarium wilt is achieved is unclear. Here, nonpathogenic colonization by Fo47 and pathogenic colonization by Fo f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) strains were assessed in tomato roots and stems when inoculated separately or coinoculated. It is shown that Fo47 reduces Fol colonization in stems of both noncultivated and cultivated tomato species. Conversely, Fo47 colonization of coinoculated tomato stems was increased compared to single inoculated plants. Quantitative PCR of fungal colonization of roots (co)inoculated with Fo47 and/or Fol showed that pathogen colonization was drastically reduced when coinoculated with Fo47, compared with single inoculated roots. Endophytic colonization of tomato roots remained unchanged upon coinoculation with Fol. In conclusion, EMR against Fusarium wilt is correlated with a reduction of root and stem colonization by the pathogen. In addition, the endophyte may take advantage of the pathogen-induced suppression of plant defences as it colonizes tomato stems more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martijn Rep
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.C.); (F.L.W.T.)
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Nieva AS, Vilas JM, Gárriz A, Maiale SJ, Menéndez AB, Erban A, Kopka J, Ruiz OA. The fungal endophyte Fusarium solani provokes differential effects on the fitness of two Lotus species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:100-109. [PMID: 31561198 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions established between plants and endophytic fungi span a continuum from beneficial to pathogenic associations. The aim of this work was to isolate potentially beneficial fungal endophytes in the legume Lotus tenuis and explore the mechanisms underlying their effects. One of the nine fungal strains isolated was identified as Fusarium solani and shows the highest phosphate-solubilisation activity, and also grows endophytically in roots of L. japonicus and L. tenuis. Interestingly, fungal invasion enhances plant growth in L. japonicus but provokes a contrasting effect in L. tenuis. These differences were also evidenced when the rate of photosynthesis as well as sugars and K contents were assessed. Our results indicate that the differential responses observed are due to distinct mechanisms deployed during the establishment of the interactions that involve the regulation of photosynthesis, potassium homeostasis, and carbohydrate metabolism. These responses are employed by these plant species to maintain fitness during the endophytic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Susana Nieva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, 7130, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Vilas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, 7130, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, 7130, Argentina
| | - Santiago Javier Maiale
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, 7130, Argentina
| | - Ana Bernardina Menéndez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Av. Intendente Marino km 8.2, Chascomús, 7130, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IFRGV-INTA), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5, Córdoba, 5119, Argentina.
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Madriz-Ordeñana K, Jørgensen HJL, Balan A, Sørensen DM, Nielsen KL, Thordal-Christensen H. Prevalence of Soil-borne Diseases in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Reveals a Complex of Pathogenic and Opportunistic Fungi. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2634-2644. [PMID: 31339440 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-18-2252-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse cultivation of ornamentals is subjected to a high incidence of soil-borne fungal pathogens. In Kalanchoe, these pathogens are responsible for root and stem rot, and for infection of the vascular tissue. Well-known soil-borne pathogens are believed to cause these diseases. Yet, a systematized survey of these pathogens is lacking for Kalanchoe produced commercially. Here, we studied the occurrence of soil-borne fungal pathogens associated with cultivation of Kalanchoe in Denmark and production of cuttings and stock plants in greenhouse facilities located in Turkey and Vietnam. Molecular identification of pathogens complemented mycological identification and pathogenicity testing of the soil-borne fungal pathogens. This study revealed that the fungi Corynespora cassiicola, Thielaviopsis basicola, Fusarium solani, and F. oxysporum are the most prevalent pathogens associated with root and stem rotting and wilt of Kalanchoe under the conditions studied. Furthermore, the study showed that some of the pathogens are part of an infection complex comprising both primary and opportunistic fungal species. The fact that some of the pathogens were present in some regions, while absent in others, suggests how they move between greenhouse facilities on infected plant material. This study generated important information about the soil-borne fungal complex affecting Kalanchoe, which is useful for a better understanding of the biology of the disease and for designing control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Madriz-Ordeñana
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreea Balan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Toghueo RMK. Bioprospecting endophytic fungi from Fusarium genus as sources of bioactive metabolites. Mycology 2019; 11:1-21. [PMID: 32128278 PMCID: PMC7033707 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1645053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi became an attractive source for the discovery of new leads, because of the complexity and the structural diversity of their secondary metabolites. The genus Fusarium comprising about 70 species is extremely variable in terms of genetics, biology, ecology, and consequently, secondary metabolism and have been isolated from countless plants genera from diverse habitats. These endophytic microbes may provide protection and survival strategies in their host plants with production of a repertoire of chemically diverse and structurally unprecedented secondary metabolites reported to exhibit an incredible array of biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidants, antiparasitics, immunosuppressants, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and biocontrol ability against plants pathogens and nematodes. This review comprehensively highlights over the period 1981-2019, the bioactive potential of metabolites produced by endophytes from Fusarium genus. Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; BAPT: C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acyltransferase; CaBr2: Calcium bromide; DBAT: 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyl transferase; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; EI-MS: Electron ionization mass spectrometer; EN: Enniatin; ERK: Extracellular regulated protein kinase; EtOAc: Ethyl acetate; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; GAE/g: Gallic acid equivalent per gram; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HA: Hyperactivation; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; HCVPR: Hepatitis C Virus protease; HeLa: Human cervical cancer cell line; HIV: Human immunodeficiency viruses; HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; IAA: Indole-3-acetic acid; IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer; IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; LC50: Concentration of the compound that is lethal for 50% of exposed population; LC-MS: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cell line; MDR: Multidrug-resistant; MDRSA: Multidrug-resistant S. aureus; MFC: Minimum fungicidal concentration; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MRSA: Multidrug-resistant S. aureus; MTCC: Microbial type culture collection; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; TB: Tuberculosis; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; WHO: World Health Organization http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0A7B2D8-5952-436D-85C8-C79EAAD1013C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Constantin ME, de Lamo FJ, Vlieger BV, Rep M, Takken FLW. Endophyte-Mediated Resistance in Tomato to Fusarium oxysporum Is Independent of ET, JA, and SA. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:979. [PMID: 31417594 PMCID: PMC6685397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Root endophytes can confer resistance against plant pathogens by direct antagonism or via the host by triggering induced resistance. The latter response typically relies on jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-depended signaling pathways, but can also be triggered via salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathways. Here, we set out to determine if endophyte-mediated resistance (EMR), conferred by the Fusarium endophyte Fo47, against Fusarium wilt disease in tomato is mediated via SA, ET or JA. To test the contribution of SA, ET, and JA in EMR we performed bioassays with Fo47 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato plants impaired in SA accumulation (NahG), JA biosynthesis (def1) or ET-production (ACD) and -sensing (Nr). We observed that the colonization pattern of Fo47 in stems of wildtype plants was indistinguishable from that of the hormone mutants. Surprisingly, EMR was not compromised in the lines affected in JA, ET, or SA signaling. The independence of EMR on SA, JA, and ET implies that this induced resistance-response against Fusarium wilt disease is distinct from the classical Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) response, providing exciting possibilities for control of wilt diseases independent of conventional defense pathways.
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Li T, Wu Q, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Jiang Y, Gao H, Yun Z. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis reveals the effect of melatonin on delaying anthracnose incidence upon postharvest banana fruit peel. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:289. [PMID: 31262259 PMCID: PMC6604187 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae, is one of the most severe postharvest diseases in banana. Melatonin is widely known for its role in enhancing plant stress tolerance. However, little is known about the control of melatonin on anthracnose in postharvest banana fruit. RESULTS In this study, exogenous melatonin treatment could significantly reduce the incidence of anthracnose in ripe yellow banana fruit and delay fruit senescence. However, melatonin treatment did not affect the growth of Colletotrichum musae in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis of banana peel showed that 339 genes were up-regulated and 241 were down-regulated in the peel after melatonin treatment, compared with the control. Based on GO terms and KEGG pathway, these up-regulated genes were mainly categorized into signal transduction, cell wall formation, secondary metabolism, volatile compounds synthesis and response to stress, which might be related to the anti-anthracnose of banana fruit induced by melatonin treatment. This view was also supported by the increase of volatile compounds, cell wall components and IAA content in the melatonin-treated fruit peel via the metabolomic analysis. After melatonin treatment, auxin, ethylene and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were enhanced, which might be involved in the enhanced fruit resistance by regulating physiological characteristics, disease-resistant proteins and metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a better understanding of the molecular processes in melatonin treatment delaying banana fruit senescence and anthracnose incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Ability of endophytic fungi associated with Withania somnifera L. to control Fusarium Crown and Root Rot and to promote growth in tomato. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:481-494. [PMID: 30877665 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), is a soilborne tomato disease of increased importance worldwide. In this study, Withania somnifera was used as a potential source of biological control and growth-promoting agents. Seven fungal isolates naturally associated with W. somnifera were able to colonize tomato seedlings. They were applied as conidial suspensions or a cell-free culture filtrate. All isolates enhanced treated tomato growth parameters by 21.5-90.3% over FORL-free control and by 27.6-93.5% over pathogen-inoculated control. All tested isolates significantly decreased by 28.5-86.4% disease severity over FORL-inoculated control. The highest disease suppression, by 86.4-92.8% over control and by 81.3-88.8% over hymexazol-treated control, was achieved by the I6 isolate. FORL radial growth was suppressed by 58.5-82.3% versus control when dual cultured with tested isolates and by 61.8-83.2% using their cell-free culture filtrates. The most active agent was identified as Fusarium sp. I6 (MG835371), which displayed chitinolytic, proteolytic, and amylase activities. This has been the first report on the potential use of fungi naturally associated with W. somnifera for FCRR suppression and for tomato growth promotion. Further investigations are required in regard to mechanisms of action involved in disease suppression and plant growth promotion.
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Skiada V, Faccio A, Kavroulakis N, Genre A, Bonfante P, Papadopoulou KK. Colonization of legumes by an endophytic Fusarium solani strain FsK reveals common features to symbionts or pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 127:60-74. [PMID: 30872027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant cellular responses to endophytic filamentous fungi are scarcely reported, with the majority of described colonization processes in plant-fungal interactions referring to either pathogens or true symbionts. Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) is a root endophyte of Solanum lycopersicum, which protects against root and foliar pathogens. Here, we investigate the association of FsK with two legumes (Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula) and report on colonization patterns and plant responses during the establishment of the interaction. L. japonicus plants colonized by FsK complete their life cycle and exhibit no apparent growth defects under normal conditions. We followed the growth of FsK within root-inoculated plants spatiotemporally and showed the capability of the endophyte to migrate to the stem. In a bipartite system comprising of the endophyte and either whole plants or root organ cultures, we studied the plant sub-cellular responses to FsK recognition, using optical, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. A polarized reorganization of the root cell occurs: endoplasmic reticulum/cytoplasm accumulation and nuclear placement at contact sites, occasional development of papillae underneath hyphopodia and membranous material rearrangements towards penetrating hyphae. Fungal hyphae proliferate within the vascular bundle of the plant. Plant cell death is involved in fungal colonization of the root. Our data suggest that the establishment of FsK within legume tissues requires fungal growth adaptations and plant cell-autonomous responses, known to occur during both symbiotic and pathogenic plant-fungal interactions. We highlight the overlooked plasticity of endophytic fungi upon plant colonization, and introduce a novel plant-endophyte association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Skiada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
| | - Antonella Faccio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Agrokipio-Souda, 73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
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Malandrakis A, Daskalaki ER, Skiada V, Papadopoulou KK, Kavroulakis N. A Fusarium solani endophyte vs fungicides: Compatibility in a Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici – tomato pathosystem. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Khare E, Mishra J, Arora NK. Multifaceted Interactions Between Endophytes and Plant: Developments and Prospects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2732. [PMID: 30498482 PMCID: PMC6249440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are present in all known plant species. The ability to enter and thrive in the plant tissues makes endophytes unique, showing multidimensional interactions within the host plant. Several vital activities of the host plant are known to be influenced by the presence of endophytes. They can promote plant growth, elicit defense response against pathogen attack, and can act as remediators of abiotic stresses. To date, most of the research has been done assuming that the interaction of endophytes with the host plant is similar to the plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes present in the rhizosphere. However, a new appreciation of the difference of the rhizosphere environment from that of internal plant tissues is gaining attention. It would be interesting to explore the impact of endosymbionts on the host’s gene expression, metabolism, and other physiological aspects essential in conferring resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. A more intriguing and inexplicable issue with many endophytes that has to be critically evaluated is their ability to produce host metabolites, which can be harnessed on a large scale for potential use in diverse areas. In this review, we discuss the concept of endophytism, looking into the latest insights related to the multifarious interactions beneficial for the host plant and exploring the importance of these associations in agriculture and the environment and in other vital aspects such as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Khare
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Garantonakis N, Pappas ML, Varikou K, Skiada V, Broufas GD, Kavroulakis N, Papadopoulou KK. Tomato Inoculation With the Endophytic Strain Fusarium solani K Results in Reduced Feeding Damage by the Zoophytophagous Predator Nesidiocoris tenuis. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pappas ML, Liapoura M, Papantoniou D, Avramidou M, Kavroulakis N, Weinhold A, Broufas GD, Papadopoulou KK. The Beneficial Endophytic Fungus Fusarium solani Strain K Alters Tomato Responses Against Spider Mites to the Benefit of the Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1603. [PMID: 30459791 PMCID: PMC6232530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms are known to promote plant growth and confer resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Soil-borne beneficial microbes in particular have shown potential in protecting plants against pathogens and herbivores via the elicitation of plant responses. In this study, we evaluated the role of Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) in altering plant responses to the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in tomato. We found evidence that FsK, a beneficial endophytic fungal strain isolated from the roots of tomato plants grown on suppressive compost, affects both direct and indirect tomato defenses against spider mites. Defense-related genes were differentially expressed on FsK-colonized plants after spider mite infestation compared to clean or spider mite-infested un-colonized plants. In accordance, spider mite performance was negatively affected on FsK-colonized plants and feeding damage was lower on these compared to control plants. Notably, FsK-colonization led to increased plant biomass to both spider mite-infested and un-infested plants. FsK was shown to enhance indirect tomato defense as FsK-colonized plants attracted more predators than un-colonized plants. In accordance, headspace volatile analysis revealed significant differences between the volatiles emitted by FsK-colonized plants in response to attack by spider mites. Our results highlight the role of endophytic fungi in shaping plant-mite interactions and may offer the opportunity for the development of a novel tool for spider mite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Pappas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
- *Correspondence: Maria L. Pappas,
| | - Maria Liapoura
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Dimitra Papantoniou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants & Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DEMETER, Chania, Greece
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - George D. Broufas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Kalliope K. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Stam R, Scheikl D, Tellier A. The wild tomato species Solanum chilense shows variation in pathogen resistance between geographically distinct populations. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2910. [PMID: 28133579 PMCID: PMC5248578 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild tomatoes are a valuable source of disease resistance germplasm for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) breeders. Many species are known to possess a certain degree of resistance against certain pathogens; however, evolution of resistance traits is yet poorly understood. For some species, like Solanum chilense, both differences in habitat and within species genetic diversity are very large. Here we aim to investigate the occurrence of spatially heterogeneous coevolutionary pressures between populations of S. chilense. We investigate the phenotypic differences in disease resistance within S. chilense against three common tomato pathogens (Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and a Fusarium sp.) and confirm high degrees of variability in resistance properties between selected populations. Using generalised linear mixed models, we show that disease resistance does not follow the known demographic patterns of the species. Models with up to five available climatic and geographic variables are required to best describe resistance differences, confirming the complexity of factors involved in local resistance variation. We confirm that within S. chilense, resistance properties against various pathogens show a mosaic pattern and do not follow environmental patterns, indicating the strength of local pathogen pressures. Our study can form the basis for further investigations of the genetic traits involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Stam
- Section of Population Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Scheikl
- Section of Population Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aurélien Tellier
- Section of Population Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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