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Zhang X, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Fan S, Zhang L. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Defense Genes and Mechanisms in Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves against Silkworms (Bombyx mori). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113519. [PMID: 36362309 PMCID: PMC9656888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of long-term coevolution and natural selection, the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba) trees have become the best food source for silkworms (Bombyx mori). Nevertheless, the molecular and genomic basis of defense response remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we assessed changes in the transcriptome changes of mulberry in response to silkworm larval feeding at 0, 3, and 6 h. A total of 4709 (up = 2971, down = 1738) and 3009 (up = 1868, down = 1141) unigenes were identified after 3 and 6 h of silkworm infestation, respectively. MapMan enrichment analysis results show structural traits such as leaf surface wax, cell wall thickness and lignification form the first physical barrier to feeding by the silkworms. Cluster analysis revealed six unique temporal patterns of transcriptome changes. We predicted that mulberry promoted rapid changes in signaling and other regulatory processes to deal with mechanical damage, photosynthesis impairment, and other injury caused by herbivores within 3–6 h. LRR-RK coding genes (THE1, FER) was predicted participated in perception of cell wall perturbation in mulberry responding to silkworm feeding. Ca2+ signal sensors (CMLs), ROS (OST1, SOS3), RBOHD/F, CDPKs, and ABA were part of the regulatory network after silkworm feeding. Jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction was predicted to act in silkworm feeding response, 10 JA signaling genes (such as OPR3, JAR1, and JAZ1) and 21 JA synthesis genes (such as LOX2, AOS, and ACX1) were upregulated after silkworm feeding for 3 h. Besides, genes of “alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were activated in 3 h to reprogram secondary metabolism. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into silkworm herbivory-induced regulatory and metabolic processes in mulberry, which might help improve the coevolution of silkworm and mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shoujin Fan
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-531-86180718 (L.Z.)
| | - Luoyan Zhang
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-531-86180718 (L.Z.)
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Parmagnani AS, Maffei ME. Calcium Signaling in Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2689. [PMID: 36297718 PMCID: PMC9609891 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant-insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long distances to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defense program. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling are interlinked to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission, whereas the Ca2+ message is decoded and relayed by Ca2+-binding proteins (including calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, annexins and calcineurin B-like proteins). Monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long-distance propagation during biotic interactions requires innovative imaging techniques based on sensitive sensors and using genetically encoded indicators. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ca2+ signaling upon herbivory and reviews the most recent Ca2+ imaging techniques and methods.
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Ma X, Duan G, Chen H, Tang P, Su S, Wei Z, Yang J. Characterization of infected process and primary mechanism in rice Acuce defense against rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:219-234. [PMID: 35759052 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of infection process and defense response during M. oryzae infecting Acuce. Magnaporthe oryzae is a destructive rice pathogen. Recent studies have focused on the initial infectious stage, with a few studies conducted to elucidate the characteristics of the late infectious stages. This study aims to decipher the characteristics at different stages (biotrophic, biotrophy-necrotrophy switch (BNS), and necrotrophic) between the interaction of two M. oryzae-rice combinations and investigate the resistance mechanisms of rice to M. oryzae using cytological and molecular methods. The biotrophic phase of M. oryzae-LTH compatible interaction was found to be longer than that of M. oryzae-Acuce incompatible interaction. We also found that jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays an important role in defense by regulating antimicrobial compound accumulation in infected Acuce via a synergistic interaction of JA-salicylic acid (SA) and JA-ethylene (ET). In infected LTH, JA-ET/JA-SA showed antagonistic interaction. Ibuprofen (IBU) is a JA inhibitor. Despite the above findings, we found that exogenous JA-Ile and IBU significantly alleviated blast symptoms in infected LTH at 36 hpi (biotrophic) and 72 hpi (BNS), indicating these two-time points may be critical for managing blast disease in the compatible interaction. Conversely, IBU significantly increased blast symptoms on the infected Acuce at 36 hpi, confirming that the JA signal plays a central role in the defense response in infected Acuce. According to transcriptional analysis, the number of genes enriched in the plant hormone signal pathway was significantly higher than in other pathways. Our findings suggested that JA-mediated defense mechanism is essential in regulating Acuce resistance, particularly during the biotrophic and BNS phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shunyu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Huang Y, Ma H, Wang X, Cui T, Han G, Zhang Y, Wang C. Expression patterns of the poplar NF-Y gene family in response to Alternaria alternata and hormone treatment and the role of PdbNF-YA11 in disease resistance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:956271. [PMID: 36185440 PMCID: PMC9523018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.956271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of growth and stress resistance. However, the role of NF-Y TFs in poplar in response to biotic stress is still unclear. In this study, we cloned 26 PdbNF-Y encoding genes in the hybrid poplar P. davidiana × P. bollena, including 12 PdbNF-YAs, six PdbNF-YBs, and eight PdbNF-YCs. Their physical and chemical parameters, conserved domains, and phylogeny were subsequently analyzed. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network showed that the three PdbNF-Y subunits may interact with NF-Y proteins belonging to two other subfamilies and other TFs. Tissue expression analysis revealed that PdbNF-Ys exhibited three distinct expression patterns in three tissues. Cis-elements related to stress-responsiveness were found in the promoters of PdbNF-Ys, and most PdbNF-Ys were shown to be differentially expressed under Alternaria alternata and hormone treatments. Compared with the PdbNF-YB and PdbNF-YC subfamilies, more PdbNF-YAs were significantly induced under the two treatments. Moreover, loss- and gain-of-function analyses showed that PdbNF-YA11 plays a positive role in poplar resistance to A. alternata. Additionally, RT‒qPCR analyses showed that overexpression and silencing PdbNF-YA11 altered the transcript levels of JA-related genes, including LOX, AOS, AOC, COI, JAZ, ORCA, and MYC, suggesting that PdbNF-YA11-mediated disease resistance is related to activation of the JA pathway. Our findings will contribute to functional analysis of NF-Y genes in woody plants, especially their roles in response to biotic stress.
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Li X, Hu D, Cai L, Wang H, Liu X, Du H, Yang Z, Zhang H, Hu Z, Huang F, Kan G, Kong F, Liu B, Yu D, Wang H. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE38 regulates flowering time and common cutworm resistance in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:480-499. [PMID: 35640995 PMCID: PMC9434205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod-sensitive plants such as soybean (Glycine max) often face threats from herbivorous insects throughout their whole growth period and especially during flowering; however, little is known about the relationship between plant flowering and insect resistance. Here, we used gene editing, multiple omics, genetic diversity and evolutionary analyses to confirm that the calcium-dependent protein kinase GmCDPK38 plays a dual role in coordinating flowering time regulation and insect resistance of soybean. Haplotype 2 (Hap2)-containing soybeans flowered later and were more resistant to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) than those of Hap3. gmcdpk38 mutants with Hap3 knocked out exhibited similar flowering and resistance phenotypes as Hap2. Knocking out GmCDPK38 altered numerous flowering- and resistance-related phosphorylated proteins, genes, and metabolites. For example, the S-adenosylmethionine synthase GmSAMS1 was post-translationally upregulated in the gmcdpk38 mutants. GmCDPK38 has abundant genetic diversity in wild soybeans and was likely selected during soybean domestication. We found that Hap2 was mostly distributed at low latitudes and had a higher frequency in cultivars than in wild soybeans, while Hap3 was widely selected at high latitudes. Overall, our results elucidated that the two distinct traits (flowering time and insect resistance) are mediated by GmCDPK38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dezhou Hu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linyan Cai
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiping Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guizhen Kan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kloth KJ, Dicke M. Rapid systemic responses to herbivory. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102242. [PMID: 35696775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid systemic signals travel within the first seconds and minutes after herbivore infestation to mount defense responses in distal tissues. Recent studies have revealed that wound-induced hydraulic pressure changes play an important role in systemic electrical signaling and subsequent calcium and reactive oxygen species waves. These insights raise new questions about signal specificity, the role of insect feeding guild and feeding style and the impact on longer term plant defenses. Here, we integrate the current molecular understanding of wound-induced rapid systemic signaling in the framework of insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Kloth
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Mostafa S, Wang Y, Zeng W, Jin B. Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137031. [PMID: 35806046 PMCID: PMC9266417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, whereas chemical barriers include secondary metabolites (SMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants and herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of physical stimuli, chemical compounds (orally secreted by insects and herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. Plant cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes the initiation of signal transduction, the activation of various hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene), and the release of VOCs and SMs. This review of recent studies of plant–herbivore–infection interactions focuses on early and late plant responses, including physical barriers, signal transduction, SM production as well as epigenetic regulation, and phytohormone responses.
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Snoeck S, Guayazán-Palacios N, Steinbrenner AD. Molecular tug-of-war: Plant immune recognition of herbivory. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1497-1513. [PMID: 35026025 PMCID: PMC9048929 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses against insect herbivores are induced through wound-induced signaling and the specific perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). In addition, herbivores can deliver effectors that suppress plant immunity. Here we review plant immune recognition of HAMPs and effectors, and argue that these initial molecular interactions upon a plant-herbivore encounter mediate and structure effective resistance. While the number of distinct HAMPs and effectors from both chewing and piercing-sucking herbivores has expanded rapidly with omics-enabled approaches, paired receptors and targets in the host are still not well characterized. Herbivore-derived effectors may also be recognized as HAMPs depending on the host plant species, potentially through the evolution of novel immune receptor functions. We compile examples of HAMPs and effectors where natural variation between species may inform evolutionary patterns and mechanisms of plant-herbivore interactions. Finally, we discuss the combined effects of wounding and HAMP recognition, and review potential signaling hubs, which may integrate both sensing functions. Understanding the precise mechanisms for plant sensing of herbivores will be critical for engineering resistance in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Snoeck
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Liu J, Yang R, Liang Y, Wang Y, Li X. The DREB A-5 Transcription Factor ScDREB5 From Syntrichia caninervis Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Regulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857396. [PMID: 35463447 PMCID: PMC9019590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major limiting factor in crop productivity. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors have been widely identified in a variety of plants and play important roles in plant stress responses. Studies on DREBs have primarily focused on the A-1 and A-2 DREB groups, while few have focused on the A-5 group. In this study, we concentrated on ScDREB5, an A-5b type DREB gene from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis. ScDREB5 is a transcription factor localized to the nucleus that exhibits transactivation activity in yeast. Ectopic ScDREB5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed germination and improved seedling tolerance under salt stress. ScDREB5-overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, but higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities compared to wild plants. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of stress marker genes, including RD29B, COR47, LEA6, LEA7, ERD1, P5CS1, and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes (SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3), were upregulated in the transgenic lines when subjected to salt treatment. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated that transgenic lines were accompanied by an increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, as well as a higher JA content under salt stress. Our results suggest that ScDREB5 could improve salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing JA content by upregulating JA synthesis gene expression, regulating ion homeostasis by up-regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment, and protein protection, making ScDREB5 a promising candidate gene for crop salt stress breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Nvsvrot T, Huang L, Cai G, Ding Y, Ren W, Wang N. The transcription factor WRKY75 regulates the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds and callus by modulating hydrogen peroxide content in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1483-1498. [PMID: 34791155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in plant development. Adventitious roots (AR), lateral buds (LB) and callus formation are important traits for plants. Here, a gene encoding RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG B (PdeRBOHB) from poplar line 'NL895' (Populus. deltoides × P. euramericana) was predicted to be involved in H2O2 accumulation, and lines with reduced expression were generated. H2O2 content was decreased, and the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds, and callus was inhibited in reduced expression PdeRBOHB lines. A gene encoding PdeWRKY75 was identified as the upstream transcription factor positively regulating PdeRBOHB. This regulation was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, GUS transient expression analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In the reduced expression PdeWRKY75 lines, H2O2 content was decreased and the development of adventitious roots, lateral buds, and callus development was inhibited, while in the overexpression lines, H2O2 content was increased and the development of adventitious roots and lateral buds was inhibited, but callus formation was enhanced. Additionally, reduced expression PdeRBOHB lines showed lowered expression of PdeWRKY75, while exogenous application of H2O2 showed the opposite effect. Together, these results suggest that PdeWRKY75 and PdeRBOHB are part of a regulatory module in H2O2 accumulation, which is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tashbek Nvsvrot
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanghua Cai
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenyu Ren
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Papantoniou D, Vergara F, Weinhold A, Quijano T, Khakimov B, Pattison DI, Bak S, van Dam NM, Martínez-Medina A. Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore Manduca sexta L. Metabolites 2021; 11:731. [PMID: 34822389 PMCID: PMC8622251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant-herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papantoniou
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná 97000, Mexico;
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - David I. Pattison
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Ye M, Kuai P, Hu L, Ye M, Sun H, Erb M, Lou Y. Suppression of a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase enhances host plant resistance to a specialist herbivore. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2571-2585. [PMID: 32598036 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which herbivores induce plant defenses are well studied. However, how specialized herbivores suppress plant resistance is still poorly understood. Here, we discovered a rice (Oryza sativa) leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, OsLRR-RLK2, which is induced upon attack by gravid females of a specialist piercing-sucking herbivore, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). Silencing OsLRR-RLK2 decreases the constitutive activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (OsMPK6) and alters BPH-induced transcript levels of several defense-related WRKY transcription factors. Moreover, silencing OsLRR-RLK2 reduces BPH-induction of jasmonic acid and ethylene but promotes the biosynthesis of both elicited salicylic acid and H2 O2 ; silencing also enhances the production of volatiles emitted from rice plants infested with gravid BPH females. These changes decrease BPH preference and performance in the glasshouse and the field. These findings suggest that OsLRR-RLK2, by regulating the plant's defense-related signaling profile, increases the susceptibility of rice to BPH, and that BPH infestation influences the expression of OsLRR-RLK2, suppressing the resistance of rice to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Transcriptomic analysis of Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin) infestation to Date Palm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11505. [PMID: 32661358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and its fruit possess sociocultural, health and economic importance in Middle East. The date palm plantations are prone to Dubas bug (DB; Ommatissus lybicus DeBergevin; Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) attacks that severely damages the tree's growth and reduces fruit production. However, the transcriptome related datasets are not known to understand how DB activates physiological and gene regulatory mechanisms during infestation. Hence, we performed RNA-Seq of leaf infected with or without DB to understand the molecular responses of date palm seedlings. Before doing that, we noticed that DB infestation significantly increase superoxide anion and malondialdehyde production to two-folds as compared to healthy control. Stress-responsive genes such as proline transporter 2, NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde and superoxide dismutase were found significantly upregulated in infected seedlings. The infection repercussions were also revealed by significantly higher contents of endogenous phytohormonal signaling of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) compared with control. These findings persuaded to dig out intrinsic mechanisms and gene regulatory networks behind DB infestation to date palm by RNA-Seq analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of 6,919 genes and down-regulation of 2,695 genes in leaf during the infection process. The differentially expressed genes were mostly belongs to cellular functions (calcium and MAPK), phytohormones (auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, JA and SA), and secondary metabolites (especially coumarinates and gossypol). The data showed that defense responses were aggravated by gene networks involved in hypersensitive responses (PAR1, RIN4, PBS1 etc.). In conclusion, the results revealed that date palm's leaf up-regulates both cellular and phytohormonal determinants, followed by intrinsic hypersensitive responses to counter infestation process by Dubas bug.
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14
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Hunter CT, Block AK, Christensen SA, Li QB, Rering C, Alborn HT. Setaria viridis as a model for translational genetic studies of jasmonic acid-related insect defenses in Zea mays. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110329. [PMID: 31928686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding insect defense pathways in Setaria viridis (setaria), a model system for panicoid grasses, including Zea mays (maize). It is thus of interest to compare insect herbivory responses of setaria and maize. Here we use metabolic, phylogenetic, and gene expression analyses to measure a subset of jasmonic acid (JA)-related defense responses to leaf-chewing caterpillars. Phylogenetic comparisons of known defense-related maize genes were used to identify putative orthologs in setaria, and candidates were tested by quantitative PCR to determine transcriptional responses to insect challenge. Our findings show that while much of the core JA-related metabolic and genetic responses appear conserved between setaria and maize, production of downstream secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids and herbivore-induced plant volatiles are dissimilar. This diversity of chemical defenses and gene families involved in secondary metabolism among grasses presents new opportunities for cross species engineering. The high degree of genetic similarity and ease of orthologous gene identification between setaria and maize make setaria an excellent species for translational genetic studies, but the species specificity of downstream insect defense chemistry makes some pathways unamenable to cross-species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Anna K Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Qin-Bao Li
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Caitlin Rering
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Hans T Alborn
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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15
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Selvaraj MG, Montoya-P ME, Atanbori J, French AP, Pridmore T. A low-cost aeroponic phenotyping system for storage root development: unravelling the below-ground secrets of cassava ( Manihot esculenta). PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:131. [PMID: 31728153 PMCID: PMC6842211 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root and tuber crops are becoming more important for their high source of carbohydrates, next to cereals. Despite their commercial impact, there are significant knowledge gaps about the environmental and inherent regulation of storage root (SR) differentiation, due in part to the innate problems of studying storage roots and the lack of a suitable model system for monitoring storage root growth. The research presented here aimed to develop a reliable, low-cost effective system that enables the study of the factors influencing cassava storage root initiation and development. RESULTS We explored simple, low-cost systems for the study of storage root biology. An aeroponics system described here is ideal for real-time monitoring of storage root development (SRD), and this was further validated using hormone studies. Our aeroponics-based auxin studies revealed that storage root initiation and development are adaptive responses, which are significantly enhanced by the exogenous auxin supply. Field and histological experiments were also conducted to confirm the auxin effect found in the aeroponics system. We also developed a simple digital imaging platform to quantify storage root growth and development traits. Correlation analysis confirmed that image-based estimation can be a surrogate for manual root phenotyping for several key traits. CONCLUSIONS The aeroponic system developed from this study is an effective tool for examining the root architecture of cassava during early SRD. The aeroponic system also provided novel insights into storage root formation by activating the auxin-dependent proliferation of secondary xylem parenchyma cells to induce the initial root thickening and bulking. The developed system can be of direct benefit to molecular biologists, breeders, and physiologists, allowing them to screen germplasm for root traits that correlate with improved economic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Atanbori
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
| | - Andrew P. French
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Tony Pridmore
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
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16
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Iida J, Desaki Y, Hata K, Uemura T, Yasuno A, Islam M, Maffei ME, Ozawa R, Nakajima T, Galis I, Arimura GI. Tetranins: new putative spider mite elicitors of host plant defense. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:875-885. [PMID: 30903698 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is a plant-sucking arthropod herbivore that feeds on a wide array of cultivated plants. In contrast to the well-characterized classical chewing herbivore salivary elicitors that promote plant defense responses, little is known about sucking herbivores' elicitors. To characterize the sucking herbivore elicitors, we explored putative salivary gland proteins of spider mites by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system or protein infiltration in damaged bean leaves. Two candidate elicitors (designated as tetranin1 (Tet1) and tetranin2 (Tet2)) triggered early leaf responses (cytosolic calcium influx and membrane depolarization) and increased the transcript abundances of defense genes in the leaves, eventually resulting in reduced survivability of T. urticae on the host leaves as well as induction of indirect plant defenses by attracting predatory mites. Tet1 and/or Tet2 also induced jasmonate, salicylate and abscisic acid biosynthesis. Notably, Tet2-induced signaling cascades were also activated via the generation of reactive oxygen species. The signaling cascades of these two structurally dissimilar elicitors are mostly overlapping but partially distinct and thus they would coordinate the direct and indirect defense responses in host plants under spider mite attack in both shared and distinct manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Iida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Uemura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ayano Yasuno
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology-Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello15/A, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology-Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello15/A, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
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17
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Waterman JM, Cazzonelli CI, Hartley SE, Johnson SN. Simulated Herbivory: The Key to Disentangling Plant Defence Responses. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:447-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant-herbivore interactions and discuss how their discovery has structured the current standard model of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants perceive damage-associated and, possibly, herbivore-associated molecular patterns via receptors that activate early signaling components such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and MAP kinases. Specific defense reprogramming proceeds via signaling networks that include phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and transcription factors. Local and systemic regulation of toxins, defense proteins, physical barriers, and tolerance traits protect plants against herbivores. Herbivores counteract plant defenses through biochemical defense deactivation, effector-mediated suppression of defense signaling, and chemically controlled behavioral changes. The molecular basis of plant-herbivore interactions is now well established for model systems. Expanding molecular approaches to unexplored dimensions of plant-insect interactions should be a future priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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19
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Zhou Y, Zhu H, He S, Zhai H, Zhao N, Xing S, Wei Z, Liu Q. A Novel Sweetpotato Transcription Factor Gene IbMYB116 Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31475022 PMCID: PMC6704235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the MYB transcription factor family have been found to regulate growth, developmental processes, metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the role of MYB116 in plants is still unclear. In this study, a MYB transcription factor gene IbMYB116 was cloned and characterized from the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] line Xushu55-2, a line that is considered to be drought resistant. We show here that IbMYB116 is a nuclear protein and that it possesses a transactivation domain at the C terminus. This gene exhibited a high expression level in the leaf tissues of Xushu55-2 and was strongly induced by PEG6000 and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). The IbMYB116-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance, increased MeJA content, and a decreased H2O2 level under drought stress. The overexpression of IbMYB116 in Arabidopsis systematically upregulated jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes and activated the JA signaling pathway as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system genes under drought stress conditions. The overall results suggest that the IbMYB116 gene might enhance drought tolerance by activating a ROS-scavenging system through the JA signaling pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings reveal, for the first time, the crucial role of IbMYB116 in the drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchang Liu,
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20
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Arabidopsis response to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae depends on the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9432. [PMID: 29930298 PMCID: PMC6013483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules that play a prominent role in plant response to numerous stresses, including plant interactions with herbivores. Previous findings indicate that Arabidopsis plants showed an increase in H2O2 accumulation after Tetranychus urticae infestation. Despite its importance, no information has been reported on the relationships between ROS-metabolizing systems and the spider mite-triggered plant-induced responses. In this work, four ROS-related genes that were differentially expressed between the resistant Bla-2 and the susceptible Kon Arabidopsis accessions were selected for the analysis. These genes encode proteins putatively involved in the generation (BBE22) and degradation (GPX7 and GSTU4) of H2O2, and in the degradation of ascorbate (AO). Overexpressing BBE22 and silencing GPX7, GSTU4 and AO resulted in higher leaf damage and better mite performance relative to the wild-type plants. Minor effects on H2O2 accumulation obscure major effects on the expression of genes related to ROS-metabolism and JA and SA signaling pathways, and on ROS-related enzymatic activities. In conclusion, the integration of ROS and ROS-related compounds and enzymes in the response of Arabidopsis to the spider mite T. urticae was confirmed. However, the complex network involved in ROS signaling makes difficult to predict the impact of a specific genetic manipulation.
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21
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Santamaria ME, Arnaiz A, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Perception and Short-Term Responses to Phytophagous Insects and Mites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1356. [PMID: 29751577 PMCID: PMC5983831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant⁻pest relationships involve complex processes encompassing a network of molecules, signals, and regulators for overcoming defenses they develop against each other. Phytophagous arthropods identify plants mainly as a source of food. In turn, plants develop a variety of strategies to avoid damage and survive. The success of plant defenses depends on rapid and specific recognition of the phytophagous threat. Subsequently, plants trigger a cascade of short-term responses that eventually result in the production of a wide range of compounds with defense properties. This review deals with the main features involved in the interaction between plants and phytophagous insects and acari, focusing on early responses from the plant side. A general landscape of the diverse strategies employed by plants within the first hours after pest perception to block the capability of phytophagous insects to develop mechanisms of resistance is presented, with the potential of providing alternatives for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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