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Zinta R, Tiwari JK, Buckseth T, Goutam U, Singh RK, Kumar V, Thakur AK. Transcriptome profiling and characterization of genes associated with tuberization under high temperature in aeroponics in potato cv. Kufri Anand. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:409-421. [PMID: 38381322 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High temperature stress is an important abiotic factor, which affects tuberization and ultimately causes heavy yield reduction in potato. OBJECTIVES Identification and characterization of genes associated with tuberization under high temperature stress is essential for future management through biotechnology. METHODOLOGY Two contrasting potato varieties Kufri Anand (profuse tuber-bearing) versus Kufri Frysona (very less/scanty tuber-bearing, control) were cultivated in aeroponics under high temperature stress, and transcriptomes were analyzed. RESULTS Potato cv. Kufri Anand was found superior over control (Kufri Frysona) for tuber yield and its component traits along with root morphology under aeroponics. Transcriptomes of tuber and leaf tissues were analyzed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorised into up-regulated (> 2 log2 fold change, FC) and down-regulated (< -2 log2 FC) genes. DEGs were annotated by gene ontology and KEGG pathways. A few selected up-regulated genes of both tissues were identified, and phylogeny tree and motif analysis were analysed based on 36 peptide sequences representing 15 selected DEGs in this study. Further, gene expression markers were developed and validated by real time qPCR analysis for the identification of high temperature tolerant genotypes. CONCLUSION A few key genes associated in tuberization under high temperature conditions were heat shock proteins (e.g. 18.5 kDa class I heat shock protein), sugar metabolism (e.g. glucosyltransferase), transcription factor (e.g. WRKY), and phytohormones (e.g. auxin-induced beta-glucosidase). Our study provides an overview of key genes involved in tuberization under high temperature stress in potato cv. Kufri Anand under aeroponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasna Zinta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research Institute, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tanuja Buckseth
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Goutam
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Rajendran S, Domalachenpa T, Arora H, Li P, Sharma A, Rajauria G. Hydroponics: Exploring innovative sustainable technologies and applications across crop production, with Emphasis on potato mini-tuber cultivation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26823. [PMID: 38434318 PMCID: PMC10907780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to explore climate-resilient alternative agriculture production systems that focus on resilience, resource efficiency, and disease management. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation system, gaining interest as it reduces the dependency on agricultural land, and pesticides, and can be implemented in areas with poor soil quality, thus mitigating the negative effects of extreme weather events. Potato is an essential dietary staple crop grown throughout the world and is a major source of food security in underdeveloped countries. However, due to the climatic changes, it is predicted that a significant loss in the suitability of land for potato production would occur, thus leading to potato yield loss. Recently, many case studies have emerged to highlight the advancement of agricultural hydroponic systems that provide a promising solution to the massive production of potato mini tuber at high efficiency. This review paper evaluates popular hydroponic methods and demonstrates how hydroponic has emerged as the go-to, long-term, sustainable answer to the perennial problem of insufficient access to high-quality potato seed stock. The paper discusses the research and innovation possibilities (such as artificial intelligence, nanoparticles, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) that potentially increase tuber production per plant under optimal hydroponic growth circumstances. These approaches are examined considering new scientific discoveries and practical applications. Furthermore, it emphasizes that by enduring significant reforms in soilless food production systems (particularly for potatoes), the food supply of a rapidly growing population can be addressed. Since hydroponics systems are productive and easily automated without soil and optimal environmental conditions, future hydroponics farming is promising. In conclusion, the hydroponics system provides better yield and crop productivity by saving water, energy, and space. Henceforth, it can be the alternate choice for modern sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tenzing Domalachenpa
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pai Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Microbiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and SUSFERM Fermentation Science and Bioprocess Engineering Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Grünhofer P, Heimerich I, Herzig L, Pohl S, Schreiber L. Apoplastic barriers of Populus × canescens roots in reaction to different cultivation conditions and abiotic stress treatments. Stress Biol 2023; 3:24. [PMID: 37676401 PMCID: PMC10441858 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Populus is an important tree genus frequently cultivated for economical purposes. However, the high sensitivity of poplars towards water deficit, drought, and salt accumulation significantly affects plant productivity and limits biomass yield. Various cultivation and abiotic stress conditions have been described to significantly induce the formation of apoplastic barriers (Casparian bands and suberin lamellae) in roots of different monocotyledonous crop species. Thus, this study aimed to investigate to which degree the roots of the dicotyledonous gray poplar (Populus × canescens) react to a set of selected cultivation conditions (hydroponics, aeroponics, or soil) and abiotic stress treatments (abscisic acid, oxygen deficiency) because a differing stress response could potentially help in explaining the observed higher stress susceptibility. The apoplastic barriers of poplar roots cultivated in different environments were analyzed by means of histochemistry and gas chromatography and compared to the available literature on monocotyledonous crop species. Overall, dicotyledonous poplar roots showed only a remarkably low induction or enhancement of apoplastic barriers in response to the different cultivation conditions and abiotic stress treatments. The genetic optimization (e.g., overexpression of biosynthesis key genes) of the apoplastic barrier development in poplar roots might result in more stress-tolerant cultivars in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ines Heimerich
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Herzig
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Pohl
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Mycorrhiza 2022; 32:221-256. [PMID: 35556179 PMCID: PMC9184413 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhao
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Selvaraj MG, Montoya-P ME, Atanbori J, French AP, Pridmore T. A low-cost aeroponic phenotyping system for storage root development: unravelling the below-ground secrets of cassava ( Manihot esculenta). Plant Methods 2019; 15:131. [PMID: 31728153 PMCID: PMC6842211 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root and tuber crops are becoming more important for their high source of carbohydrates, next to cereals. Despite their commercial impact, there are significant knowledge gaps about the environmental and inherent regulation of storage root (SR) differentiation, due in part to the innate problems of studying storage roots and the lack of a suitable model system for monitoring storage root growth. The research presented here aimed to develop a reliable, low-cost effective system that enables the study of the factors influencing cassava storage root initiation and development. RESULTS We explored simple, low-cost systems for the study of storage root biology. An aeroponics system described here is ideal for real-time monitoring of storage root development (SRD), and this was further validated using hormone studies. Our aeroponics-based auxin studies revealed that storage root initiation and development are adaptive responses, which are significantly enhanced by the exogenous auxin supply. Field and histological experiments were also conducted to confirm the auxin effect found in the aeroponics system. We also developed a simple digital imaging platform to quantify storage root growth and development traits. Correlation analysis confirmed that image-based estimation can be a surrogate for manual root phenotyping for several key traits. CONCLUSIONS The aeroponic system developed from this study is an effective tool for examining the root architecture of cassava during early SRD. The aeroponic system also provided novel insights into storage root formation by activating the auxin-dependent proliferation of secondary xylem parenchyma cells to induce the initial root thickening and bulking. The developed system can be of direct benefit to molecular biologists, breeders, and physiologists, allowing them to screen germplasm for root traits that correlate with improved economic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Atanbori
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
| | - Andrew P. French
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Tony Pridmore
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
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Wang M, Dong C, Gao W. Evaluation of the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, biomass yield and quality of tomato using aeroponics, hydroponics and porous tube-vermiculite systems in bio-regenerative life support systems. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2019; 22:68-75. [PMID: 31421850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient delivery system is one of the most important hardware components in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in Bio-regenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) for future long-term space mission. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of different nutrient delivery systems (aeroponics, hydroponics and porous tube-vermiculite) on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, biomass yield and quality of tomato during its life cycle. The results showed that the dry weight of aeroponics and porous tube-vermiculite treatment group was 1.95 and 1.93 g/fruit, but the value of hydroponics treatment group was only 1.56 g/fruit. Both tomato photosynthesis and stomatal conductance maximized at the development stage and then decreased later in senescent leaves. At the initial stage and the development stage, POD activities in the aeroponics treatment were higher than other two treatments, reached 3.6 U/mg prot and 4.6 U/mg prot, respectively. The fresh yield 431.3 g/plant of hydroponics treatment group was lower. At the same time, there were no significant differences among nutrient delivery systems in the per fruit fresh mass, which was 14.2-17.5 g/fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- School of Sport Social Science, Shandong Sport University, 250102, Jinan, China; College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Wanlin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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Mehandru P, Shekhawat NS, Rai MK, Kataria V, Gehlot HS. Evaluation of aeroponics for clonal propagation of Caralluma edulis, Leptadenia reticulata and Tylophora indica - three threatened medicinal Asclepiads. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2014; 20:365-73. [PMID: 25049464 PMCID: PMC4101132 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the potential of aeroponic system for clonal propagation of Caralluma edulis (Paimpa) a rare, threatened and endemic edible species, Leptadenia reticulata (Jeewanti), a threatened liana used as promoter of health and Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merill, a valuable medicinal climber. Experiments were conducted to asses the effect of exogenous auxin (naphthalene acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acetic acid) and auxin concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5gl(-1)) on various root morphological traits of cuttings in the aeroponic chamber. Amongst all the auxins tested, significant effects on the length, number and percentage of rooting was observed in IBA treated nodal cuttings. Cent per cent of the stem cuttings of C. edulis rooted if pre-treated with 2.0 gl(-1) of IBA for 5 min while 97.7 % of the stem cuttings of L. reticulata and 93.33 % of stem cuttings of Tylophora indica rooted with pre-treatment of 3.0 gl(-1) of IBA for 5 min. Presence of at least two leaves on the nodal cuttings of L. reticulata and T. indica was found to be a prerequisite for root induction. In all the species, the number of adventitious roots per cutting and the percentage of cuttings rooted aeroponically were significantly higher than the soil grown stem cuttings. Shoot growth measured in terms of shoot length was significantly higher in cuttings rooted aeroponically as compared to the cuttings rooted under soil conditions. All the plants sprouted and rooted aeroponically survived on transfer to soil. This is the first report of clonal propagation in an aeroponic system for these plants. This study suggests aeroponics as an economic method for rapid root induction and clonal propagation of these three endangered and medicinally important plants which require focused efforts on conservation and sustainable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehandru
- />Biotechnology Centre, Department of Botany, Jai NarainVyas University, Jodhpur, 342033 Rajasthan India
| | - N. S. Shekhawat
- />Biotechnology Centre, Department of Botany, Jai NarainVyas University, Jodhpur, 342033 Rajasthan India
| | - Manoj K. Rai
- />Biotechnology Centre, Department of Botany, Jai NarainVyas University, Jodhpur, 342033 Rajasthan India
| | - Vinod Kataria
- />Biotechnology Centre, Department of Botany, Jai NarainVyas University, Jodhpur, 342033 Rajasthan India
| | - H. S. Gehlot
- />BNF & Stress Biology laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
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Eshel A, Grünzweig JM. Root-shoot allometry of tropical forest trees determined in a large-scale aeroponic system. Ann Bot 2013; 112:291-6. [PMID: 23250916 PMCID: PMC3698382 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study is a first step in a multi-stage project aimed at determining allometric relationships among the tropical tree organs, and carbon fluxes between the various tree parts and their environment. Information on canopy-root interrelationships is needed to improve understanding of above- and below-ground processes and for modelling of the regional and global carbon cycle. Allometric relationships between the sizes of different plant parts will be determined. METHODS Two tropical forest species were used in this study: Ceiba pentandra (kapok), a fast-growing tree native to South and Central America and to Western Africa, and Khaya anthotheca (African mahogany), a slower-growing tree native to Central and Eastern Africa. Growth and allometric parameters of 12-month-old saplings grown in a large-scale aeroponic system and in 50-L soil containers were compared. The main advantage of growing plants in aeroponics is that their root systems are fully accessible throughout the plant life, and can be fully recovered for harvesting. KEY RESULTS The expected differences in shoot and root size between the fast-growing C. pentandra and the slower-growing K. anthotheca were evident in both growth systems. Roots were recovered from the aeroponically grown saplings only, and their distribution among various diameter classes followed the patterns expected from the literature. Stem, branch and leaf allometric parameters were similar for saplings of each species grown in the two systems. CONCLUSIONS The aeroponic tree growth system can be utilized for determining the basic allometric relationships between root and shoot components of these trees, and hence can be used to study carbon allocation and fluxes of whole above- and below-ground tree parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Eshel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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