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Cho H, Banf M, Shahzad Z, Van Leene J, Bossi F, Ruffel S, Bouain N, Cao P, Krouk G, De Jaeger G, Lacombe B, Brandizzi F, Rhee SY, Rouached H. ARSK1 activates TORC1 signaling to adjust growth to phosphate availability in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1778-1786.e5. [PMID: 36963384 PMCID: PMC10175222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing and signaling are essential for adjusting growth and development to available resources. Deprivation of the essential mineral phosphorus (P) inhibits root growth.1 The molecular processes that sense P limitation to trigger early root growth inhibition are not known yet. Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a central regulatory hub in eukaryotes to adapt growth to internal and external nutritional cues.2,3 How nutritional signals are transduced to TOR to control plant growth remains unclear. Here, we identify Arabidopsis-root-specific kinase 1 (ARSK1), which attenuates initial root growth inhibition in response to P limitation. We demonstrate that ARSK1 phosphorylates and stabilizes the regulatory-associated protein of TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B), a component of the TOR complex 1, to adjust root growth to P availability. These findings uncover signaling components acting upstream of TOR to balance growth to P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikyong Cho
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Michael Banf
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flavia Bossi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Nadia Bouain
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Pengfei Cao
- MSU DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gabiel Krouk
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Hatem Rouached
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Fernández I, Cosme M, Stringlis IA, Yu K, de Jonge R, van Wees SM, Pozo MJ, Pieterse CMJ, van der Heijden MGA. Molecular dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana switches from initial detection to antagonism. New Phytol 2019; 223:867-881. [PMID: 30883790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species are unable to establish an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Despite this, AM fungi (Rhizophagus spp.) are enriched in the root microbiome of the nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana, and Arabidopsis roots become colonized when AM networks nurtured by host plants are available. Here, we investigated the nonhost-AM fungus interaction by analyzing transcriptional changes in Rhizophagus, Arabidopsis and the host plant Medicago truncatula while growing in the same mycorrhizal network. In early interaction stages, Rhizophagus activated the Arabidopsis strigolactone biosynthesis genes CCD7 and CCD8, suggesting that detection of AM fungi is not completely impaired. However, in colonized Arabidopsis roots, fungal nutrient transporter genes GintPT, GintAMT2, GintMST2 and GintMST4, essential for AM symbiosis, were not activated. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis pointed to activation of costly defenses in colonized Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, Rhizophagus colonization caused a 50% reduction in shoot biomass, but also led to enhanced systemic immunity against Botrytis cinerea. This suggests that early signaling between AM fungi and Arabidopsis is not completely impaired and that incompatibility appears at later interaction stages. Moreover, Rhizophagus-mediated defenses coincide with reduced Arabidopsis growth, but also with systemic disease resistance, highlighting the multifunctional role of AM fungi in host and nonhost interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ke Yu
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - SaskiaC M van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland
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Santamaria ME, Arnaiz A, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Perception and Short-Term Responses to Phytophagous Insects and Mites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1356. [PMID: 29751577 PMCID: PMC5983831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant⁻pest relationships involve complex processes encompassing a network of molecules, signals, and regulators for overcoming defenses they develop against each other. Phytophagous arthropods identify plants mainly as a source of food. In turn, plants develop a variety of strategies to avoid damage and survive. The success of plant defenses depends on rapid and specific recognition of the phytophagous threat. Subsequently, plants trigger a cascade of short-term responses that eventually result in the production of a wide range of compounds with defense properties. This review deals with the main features involved in the interaction between plants and phytophagous insects and acari, focusing on early responses from the plant side. A general landscape of the diverse strategies employed by plants within the first hours after pest perception to block the capability of phytophagous insects to develop mechanisms of resistance is presented, with the potential of providing alternatives for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Vatsa-Portugal P, Aziz A, Rondeau M, Villaume S, Morjani H, Clément C, Ait Barka E. How Streptomyces anulatus Primes Grapevine Defenses to Cope with Gray Mold: A Study of the Early Responses of Cell Suspensions. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1043. [PMID: 28702033 PMCID: PMC5487444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine and is controlled with an intense application of fungicides. As alternatives to chemicals, beneficial microbes may promote plant health by stimulating the plant's immune system. An actinomycete, Streptomyces anulatus S37, has been screened from the rhizosphere microbiome of healthy Vitis vinifera on the basis of its ability to promote grapevine growth and to induce resistance against various phytopathogens, including B. cinerea. However, molecular mechanisms involved locally after direct perception of these bacteria by plant cells still remain unknown. This study focuses on local defense events induced in grapevine cells during interactions with S. anulatus S37 before and after pathogen challenge. We demonstrated that S. anulatus S37 induced early responses including oxidative burst, extracellular alkalinization, activation of protein kinases, induction of defense gene expression and phytoalexin accumulation, but not the programmed cell death. Interestingly, upon challenge with the B. cinerea, the S. anulatus S37 primed grapevine cells for enhanced defense reactions with a decline in cell death. In the presence of the EGTA, a calcium channel inhibitor, the induced oxidative burst, and the protein kinase activity were inhibited, but not the extracellular alkalinization, suggesting that Ca2+ may also contribute upstream to the induced defenses. Moreover, desensitization assays using extracellular pH showed that once increased by S. anulatus S37, cells became refractory to further stimulation by B. cinerea, suggesting that grapevine cells perceive distinctly beneficial and pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Vatsa-Portugal
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Marine Rondeau
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Hamid Morjani
- MEDyC – CNRS UMR7369, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ReimsFrance
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